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DICTIONARY 


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THE  UNITED   STATES  CONGRESS. 


DICTIONARY 


THE  UNITED  STATES  CONGRESS, 


COMPILED   AS 


A    MANUAL    OF    REFERENCE 


FOR   THE 


LEGISLATOR  AND  STATESMAN. 


BY 

CHARLES    LANMAN, 

LATE    LIBRARIAN    HOUSE    OP     REPRESENTATIVES. 


GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE. 
1864. 


0 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1864, 

BY  CHARLES  LANMAN, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 


By  resolutions  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States,  passed  at  the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  fifteen 
hundred  and  fifty  copies  were  ordered  to  be  printed  for  the  use  of  each  of 
those  bodies  respectively ;  the  copyright  for  those  numbers  having  been  duly 
assigned. 


PREFACE. 


POLITICAL  laws,  wisely  framed,  have  made  the  United  States  pow 
erful  and  wealthy  to  a  degree  unexampled  in  modern  times ;  and  I 
have  thought  that  a  book  of  facts,  recording  the  public  services  of 
our  National  law-makers,  from  the  foundation  of  the  Government, 
would  be  a  deserved  tribute  to  them,  and,  at  the  same  time,  be  gene 
rally  useful.  The  record  has  been  made  in  each  case  as  correct  and 
concise  as  possible.  Of  many  men  more  might  have  been  written, 
but  that  was  not  deemed  expedient  in  a  work  of  this  kind ;  and  where 
not  enough  has  been  said,  the  fault  must  be  attributed  to  the  indif 
ference  of  the  persons  mostly  interested,  or  to  the  neglect  of  their 
friends.  Not  being  a  politician,  it  has  given  me  but  little  trouble  to 
be  impartial.  My  intention  has  been  to  express  no  opinions  of  living 
men,  and  but  seldom  to  echo  public  opinion  in  regard  to  the  dead. 
My  leading  object  has  been  to  prepare  a  kind  of  labor-saving  machine, 
for  the  benefit  of  all  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  political  history  and 
future  prosperity  of  the  Eepublic;  and,  in  the  Appendix,  I  have 
endeavored  to  bring  together,  from  the  Government  archives,  a  mass 
of  Legislative  and  Executive  information,  calculated  to  be  of  service 
to  Members  of  Congress,  while  engaged  in  their  public  duties,  and 
especially  in  their  examination  of  the  Public  Documents. 

WASHINGTON,  January,  1864. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

SENATORS  AND  EEPRESENTATIVES,  WITH  BIOGRAPHICAL  DATA,  9-413 

SUCCESSIVE  SESSIONS  OF  CONGRESS, 417 

SPEAKERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  EEPRESENTATIVES,  .                         .  419 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SENATE,        .......  419 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  SENATE, 421 

CLERKS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  EEPRESENTATIVES,      .        .                 .  421 

CHAPLAINS  TO  CONGRESS, 422 

SUCCESSIVE  ADMINISTRATIONS, 423 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS, 427 

THE  SUPREME  COURT, .  474 

MINISTERS  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES, 478 

THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,          .....  499 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS,                  ,        .        .  505 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS,      ....  509 

SESSIONS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 509 

THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,        ....  510 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS,       .        .        .  522 

THE  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  UNION,  .        .  530 

ORIGIN  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  STATES, 536 

PROGRESS  OF  POPULATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  .  .  .  537 
POPULATION  AND  EATIO  OF  EEPRESENTATION,  ....  538 
THE  STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  GOVERNORS,  ....  540 
EIGHT  OF  SUFFRAGE  IN  THE  SEVERAL  STATES,  ....  549 
QUALIFICATIONS  FOR  GOVERNORS,  SENATORS,  AND  EEPRESENTA 
TIVES,  552 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Abbott,  Amos, — Born  at  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  September  10, 1786.  He 
was  educated  at  a  district  school,  but 
spent  the  most  of  his  life  as  a  trader  and 
merchant.  During  the  years  1835,  1836, 
and  1842,  he  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature;  and  from 
1840  to  1842  a  member  of  the  State  Se 
nate.  He  represented  his  native  State  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1849,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  the  Mili 
tia,  and  on  Manufactures. 

Abbott,  Joel. — Was  born  in  Fair- 
field,  Connecticut,  emigrated  to  Georgia, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  "Wilkes  County,  in  that  State, 
com  1817  to  1825,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  the 
Slave-Trade.     Died  November  19, 1826. 

Abbott,  Nehemiah. — Born  in  Sid 
ney,  Maine,  March  29,  1806.  He  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the 
Maine  Legislature,  in  1842  and  1843,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Abercrombie,  James. — He  was 

born  in  Georgia,  and,  removing  to  Ala 
bama,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

Aclair,  John. — He  was  born  in 
1758 ;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  Kentucky,  during  the  years  1805 
and  1806;  commanded  the  Kentucky 
troops  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans, 
under  General  Jackson;  and  was  ap 


pointed  a  general  in  the  army.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  from  1831  to  1833,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs.  He  died  at  Harrods- 
burg,  May  19,  1840. 

Adams,  Benjamin. — Born  at 
"Worcester,  Massachusetts ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature,  as  Representa 
tive,  from  1809  to  1814,  and  as  Senator, 
in  1814  and  1815;  and  from  1822  to 
1825  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  his  native  State,  from  1816 
to  1821,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and 
Public  Expenditures.  He  died  at  Ux- 
bridge,  Massachusetts,  in  April,  1837. 

Adams,  Charles  F. — Born  in  Bos 
ton,  August  18,  1807;  spent  the  most  of 
his  boyhood  in  St.  Petersburg  and  Lon 
don,  whilst  his  father  was  Minister  to 
Russia  and  England ;  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1825 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828 ; 
served  three  years  in  the  Lower  House, 
and  two  years  in  the  Upper  House  of 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  in  1848 
he  was  the  candidate  for  Vice-President 
on  the  ticket  with  Mr.  Van  Buren;  and 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  fr.om 
Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-sixth.  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures.  He  was  at  one 
time  the  editor  of  a  paper  called  the 
"Boston  Whig,"  has  been  a  contributor 
to  the  North  American  Review,  was  the 
editor  of  the  well-known  Adams  Let 
ters,  and  is  the  author  of  the  standard 
Biography  of  John  Adams.  Re-elected 


10 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  but  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln  Minis 
ter  to  England  in  1861.  In  1864  the  de 

ree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 

y  Harvard  University. 


g 
b 


Adams,  Green.  —  Born  in  Barbours- 

ville,  Knox  County,  Kentucky,  August 
20,  1812;  was  bred  a  farmer,  but  read 
law  and  adopted  that  profession  ;  in  1832 
and  1833  he  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Knox 
County  ;  in  1839,  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  re-elected  ;  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1847  to  1849,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Engrav 
ing.  He  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1844  and  1856,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Kentucky  from  1851  to 
1856.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

Adams,  John.  —  Born  at  Braintree, 
Massachusetts,  October  30,  1735;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1755; 
instructed  a  class  of  scholars  in  Latin 
and  Greek  for  a  subsistence;  studied 
law,  and  having  been  admitted  to  the 
bar,  settled  at  Quincy  to  practise  his 
profession.  As  a  member  of  the  Old 
Congress,  he  was  among  the  foremost 
in  recommending  an  independent  Go 
vernment.  In  1777,  he  was  chosen  Com 
missioner  to  the  Court  of  Versailles. 
On  his  return  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Convention  called  to  prepare  a 
form  of  government  for  Massachusetts. 
In  September,  1779,  he  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  negotiate  a 
peace,  and  had  authority  to  form  a  com 
mercial  treaty  with  Great  Britain.  In 
June,  1780,  he  was  appointed  Ambassa 
dor  to  Holland;  and,  in  1782,  he  went 
to  Paris  to  engage  in  the  negotiation  for 
peace,  having  previously  obtained  assu 
rance  that  Great  Britain  would  recog 
nize  the  independence  of  the  United 
States.  After  serving  on  two  or  three 
commissions  to  form  treaties  of  amity 
and  commerce  with  foreign  powers,  in 
1785  he  was  appointed  first  Minister  to 
London;  and,  in  1788,  having  been  ab 
sent  nine  years,  he  returned  to  America. 
In  March,  1789,  the  new  Constitution 
of  the*  United  States  went  into  opera 
tion,  and  he  became  the  first  Vice-Pre- 
sident,  which  office  he  held  during  the 


whole  of  "Washington's  administration. 
On  the  resignation  of  Washington,  he 
became,  March  4, 1797,  President  of  the 
United  States.  This  was  the  termina 
tion  of  his  public  functions;  and  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  days  upon 
his  farm  in  Quincy,  occupying  himself 
with  agriculture,  and  obtaining  amuse 
ment  from  the  literature  and  politics  of 
the  day.  He  died  on  the  fourth  of  July, 
1826,  with  the  same  words  oh  his  lips 
which,  fifty  years  before,  on  that  day, 
he  had  uttered  on  the  floor  of  Congress: 
"Independence  forever!"  His  princi 
pal  publications  are,  "Letters  on  the 
American  Revolution,"  "Defence  of  the 
American  Constitution,"  an  "Essay  on 
Canon  and  Federal  Laws,"  a  series  of 
letters  under  the  signature  of  Novan- 
glus,  and  Discourses  on  Davila.  It  was 
as  Vice-President  that  he  had  a  seat  in 
the  Senate. 

Adams,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Greene 
County,  New  York,  from  1833  to  1835, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions.  He  died  at  Catskill, 
New  York,  September  28,  1854. 

Adams,  John  Quincy. — Born  in 
Braintree,  now  Quincy,  Mass.,  July  11, 
1767.  When  ten  years  of  age,  he  ac 
companied  his  father  to  France;  and 
when  fifteen,  was  private  secretary  to 
the  American  Minister  in  Russia.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1787 ;  studied  law  in  Newburyport, 
and  settled  in  Boston.  From  1794  to 
1801  he  was  American  Minister  to  Hol 
land,  England,  Sweden,  and  Prussia. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1803 
to  1808 ;  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Har 
vard  University,  with  limited  duties, 
from  1806  to  1808;  was  appointed,  in 
1809,  Minister  to  Russia;  assisted  in  ne 
gotiating  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  in  1814; 
and  assisted,  also,  as  Minister,  at  the 
Convention  of  Commerce  with  Great 
Britain,  in  1815.  He  was  Secretary  of 
State  under  President  Monroe ;  and  was 
chosen  President  of  the  United  States 
in  1825,  serving  one  term.  In  1831  he 
was  elected  a  "Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  the 
Speaker's  room,  two  days  after  falling 
from  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  February  23,  1848.  His  last 
words  were:  "This  is  the  end  of  earth; 
I  am  content."  He  published  "Letters 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


11 


on  Silesia,"  "Lectures  on  Khetoric 
and  Oratory,"  and  various  "Poems," 
besides  many  occasional  letters  and 
speeches.  His  unpublished  writings,  it 
is  said,  would  make  many  volumes. 

Adams,  Parmenio.—HB  was  born 
in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Bata- 
via,  Genesee  County,  New  York,  from 
1823  to  1827. 

Adams,  Robert   H. — He  was   a 

Senator  in  Congress,  by  appointment, 
from  Mississippi,  from  January  to  May, 
in  1830,  and  died  on  the  second  day  of 
July  following. 

Adams,  Stephen. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  had  been  a  member  of  the  Senate 
of  that  State.  Removing  to  Mississippi, 
he  took  an  active  part  in  public  affairs ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1847;  he  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court,  and  from  1852  to 
1857  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Mississippi.  He  removed  to  Tennessee 
with  the  intention  of  practising  law  at 
Memphis,  where  he  died,  May  11,  1857. 

Addams,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829,  and 
served  on  a  Committee  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Institutions  of  New  York 
and  Ohio. 

Adgate,  Asa. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature  of  New 
York  from  Clinton  County,  from  1798 
to  1799,  and  elected  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Essex  County,  in  that 
State,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1823. 

Adrain,  Garnett  B. — Born  in  the 
city  of  New  York  December  20,  1816. 
.He  graduated  at  Rutgers  College,  New 
Jersey,  in  1833 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Engraving.  He 
was  also  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Engraving.  In  Janu 
ary,  1861,  he  offered  the  resolution  of 
thanks  to  Major  Robert  Anderson  for 


his  defence  of  Fort  Sumter.  Since  he 
left  Congress  he  has  been  devoted  to  his 
profession. 

Ahl,  John  A. — He  was  born  in 
Stansbury,  Franklin  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  August,  1815;  received  a  good 
English  education ;  studied  medicine 
with  his  father,  and  graduated  at  the 
"  Washington  Medical  College"  of  Bal 
timore.  He  abandoned  his  profession 
in  1850,  and  turned  his  attention  to  va 
rious  kinds  of  manufactures,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures. 

Aiken,  William. — He  was  born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1806; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  Col 
lege  in  1825 ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1838,  1840,  and  1842; 
was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  in 
1844 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1851  to  1857.  He 
was  considered  one  of  the  most  success 
ful  rice  planters  in  his  native  State. 

Albertson,   Nathaniel. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  the 
First  Congressional  District  of  Indiana, 
from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Albright,    Charles  J.  —  He   was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  elected 
from  the  State  of  Ohio  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Aldrich,  Cyrus. — Born  in  Smith- 
field,  Rhode  Island,  in  June,  1808 ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ;  has 
followed  the  various  occupations  of  a 
sailor,  a  boatman,  a  farmer,  a  contractor 
on  public  works,  and  a  mail  contractor  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legisla 
ture  ;  also  a  Register  of  Deeds  and  Regis 
ter  of  the  Land  Office  at  Dixon  in  that 
State  for  four  years ;  and,  having  re 
moved  to  Minnesota,  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  that 
State  ;  member  of  the  County  Board  of 
Hampshire  County  in  that  State ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Min 
nesota  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 


12 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Affairs.      After    leaving   Congress    he  I 
was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  a 
commissioner  to  settle  claims  against 
the  Sioux  Indians. 

Alexander,  Adam  JR.— -He  was 

born  in  Washington  County,  Virginia, 
and  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress  from  Madison  County,  Ten 
nessee,  from  1823  to  1827,  and  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

Alexander,  Evan.--T$orn  in  North 
Carolina  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  for  two  years  ;  and  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1805  to  1809.  Died  October  28, 
1809. 

Alexander,  Henry  P.— He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Herkimer 
County,  in  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department. 

Alexander,  James,  Jr.— He  was 

born  in  Maryland  ;  was  a  resident  of  St. 
Clairsville,  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  and 
elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress 
from  the  Eleventh  District  in  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1839,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures.  Died  August  6,  1846. 

Alexander,  John. — He  was  elect 
ed  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio,  May  4,  1813,  serving  till  1817. 

Alexander,  Mark. — He  was  born 
in  Mecklenburg  County,  Virginia,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  from  1810  to  1833,  and 
served  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions,  Ways  and  Means, 
and  Expenditures  in  the  State  Depart 
ment,  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Alexander,  Nathaniel.--GcT  &dua- 

ted  at  Princeton  College  in  1776,  and, 
after  studying  medicine,  entered  the 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re 
sided  at  the  High  Hills  of  Santee,  pur 
suing  his  profession,  and  afterwards  at 
Mecklenburg.  While  he  held  a  seat  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1805,  the  Legis 
lature  elected  him  Governor  for  1806. 
He  died  at  Salisbury,  March  8,  1808, 
aged  fifty-two.  In  all  his  public  sta 


tions  he  is  said  to  have  discharged  his 
duty  with  ability  and  firmness. 

Afford,  Julius  C. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  elected  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Troup 
County,  in  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1842,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Allen,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  August  9, 
1797,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1849  to  1853, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1829,  1833,  1834,  1838  and  1840;  and  a 
State  Senator  in  1835,  1838  and  1839; 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
from  1842  to  1844;  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Superior  Court  from  1858  to  1859;  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tions  of  1848,  1853  and  1859 ;  and  a  com 
missioner  to  negotiate  the  Webster 
Treaty  in  1842.  He  was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Allen,  Chilton. — He  was  born  in 

Albemarle  County,  Virginia,  April  6, 
1786,  and  settled  in.  Kentucky  as  a 
wheelwright.  He  educated  himself  for 
the  legal  profession  ;  from  Clark  County 
was  elected  in  1811  to  the  Legislature 
of  Kentucky  for  several  terms  ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1831  to  1837,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Ter 
ritories,  and  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  In  1838  he  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Im 
provement;  and  in  1842  he  was  again 
returned  to  the  State  Legislature,  which 
was  the  last  public  position  he  occupied. 
He  died  at  Winchester,  September  3, 
1858.  He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  of 
rare  virtues. 

Allen,  Elisha  H. — Born  in  New 
Salem,  Massachusetts,  January  28, 1804; 
was  bred  a  lawyer;  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Maine  from  1836  to  1841,  and 
in  1846;  in  1838  as  Speaker;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maine,  from  1841  to  1843,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manu 
factures.  In  1847  he  removed  to  Bos 
ton,  and  was  elected  to  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  in  1849;  after  which 
he  was  appointed  Consul  to  Honolulu, 
and  has  since  that  time  been  connected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


13 


with  the  Government  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  In  1856  he  visited  the  United 
States  as  Envoy ;  and  in  1857  was  Chief 
Justice  and  Chancellor  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  serving  until  1864. 

Allen,  Heman. — He  was  horn  in 
1776 ;  was  a  resident,  if  not  a  native,  of 
Milton,  Vermont ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law,  in  which  he  became  distin- 
guished ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
ongress  from  Vermont,  from  1827  to 
1829,  and  again  from  1833  to  1839, 
serving  as  an  active  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims.  He  subsequently 
settled  in  Burlington,  Vermont,  where 
he  died  December  11,  1844. 

Allen,  Heman. — He  was  born  in 
1779,  and  a  resident  of  Colchester,  Ver 
mont  ;  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1795,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law.  He  was  Sheriff  of  Chittenden 
County  in  1808  and  1809;  from  1811  to 
1814  he  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Chit 
tenden  County  Court ;  from  1812  to 
1817  he  was  an  active  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  was  appointed  quar 
termaster  of  militia,  with  the  title  of 
brigadier  ;  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont.  He  was  first  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ver 
mont  in  1817,  but  resigned  in  1818  to 
accept  from  President  Monroe  the  ap 
pointment  of  United  States  Marshal  for 
the  District  of  Vermont.  In  1823  he 
received  from  the  same  President  the 
appointment  of  Minister  to  Chili,  which 
he  resigned  in  1828;  in  1830  he  was 
appointed  President  of  the  United  States 
Branch  Bank,  at  Burlington,  which  he 
held  until  the  expiration  of  its  charter, 
after  which  he  settled  in  the  town  of 
Highgate,  Vermont,  where  he  died  of 
heart  disease,  April  9,  1852. 

Allen,  James  C. — He  was  born  in 
Shelby  County,  Kentucky,  January  28, 
1823 ;  received  a  good  common  school 
education,  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  Indiana  in  1843;  in 
1846  was  elected,  for  two  years,  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  in  the  Seventh  Judicial 
District  of  Indiana ;  and,  having  re 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1848,  was  elected  a 
member,  in  1850  and  1851,  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Illinois, 
from  1853  to  1855,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  He  was  chosen 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives 


for  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  in 
1862  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress  as  a  Representative, 
serving  on  the  Committees  of  Indian 
Affairs  and  Unfinished  Business. 

Allen,  John. — Born  in  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Massachusetts,  in  1763;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  a  member  of 
the  State  Council  of  Connecticut  for 
•several  years ;  was  a  Representative 
from  that  State  during  the  last  Congress 
which  was  held  in  Philadelphia,  from 
1797  to  1799.  He  died  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  July  31,  1812. 

Allen,  John  J.— He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  was  a  resident  of  Harrison 
County,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia.  He  subsequently  held  the  office 
of  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Virginia. 

Allen,  John  W. — Born  in  Litch 
field,  Connecticut,  in  1802;  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1825,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  that  State  from 
1835  to  1837,  also  Mayor  of  Cleveland; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1837  to  1841,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mili 
tia  and  Military  Affairs.  ' 

Allen,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Boston;  was  a  merchant  in  Leicester, 
and  benefactor  of  the  Academy  there ; 
twice  Elector  for  President;  was  a  Clerk 
of  the  County  Court  and  a  State  Coun 
cillor  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  1813. 
He  died  at  Worcester,  September  2, 
1827,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Allen,  Judson. — He  was  born  in 

Connecticut,  and  removing  to  New 
York  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Mileage. 

Allen,  Nathaniel. — He  was  born 
in  Dutchess  County,  New  York;  served 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1812, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Allen,  Philip. — He  was  born  in 


14 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Providence,  Khode  Island,  September 
1,  1785;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1803;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1819,  1820,  and  1821;  devoted 
much  attention  to  the  business  of  ma 
nufacturing;  was  Governor  of  Ehode 
Island  during  the  years  1851,  1852, 
and  1853;  and  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
March  3,  1853,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  on 
Naval  Aifairs. 

Allen,  Robert.  —  Born  in  Augusta 
County,  Virginia.  He  was  a  colonel  in 
the  army  under  General  Jackson,  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1819  to  1827,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  the  Library,  and  Kevolutionary 
Claims.  He  died  at  Carthage,  Tennes 
see,  August  19,  1844,  aged  sixty-seven 
years. 


Allen,  Robert.—  Vorn  in  "Wood 
stock,  Snenandoah  County,  Virginia, 
July  30,  1794.  He  was  "educated  at 
Dickinson  and  "Washington  colleges, 
having  left  the  latter  institution  on  a 
furlough  of  three  months,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  joining  a  volunteer  military 
force  in  1813,  but  returned  and  gradu 
ated.  He  studied  law,  and  practised  in 
his  native  place.  He  held  for  a  time 
the  office  of  -Prosecutor  for  the  Com 
monwealth  ;  served  five  years  in  the 
Senate  of  Virginia,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1827  to  1833,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.  —  Born  in  Frank 
lin  County,  Massachusetts;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1794;  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  from  1806  to  1810;  a  State 
Senator  from  1812  to  1815,  and  in  1831  ; 
and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council 
in  1829  and  1830  ;  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1829,  officiating  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Accounts.  He  died 
at  ISTorthfield,  February  8,  1842,  aged 
seventy  years. 

Allen,  William.  —  He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ross  County,  Ohio,  from  1833  to  1835, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs  ;  was  elected  a  Senator 


in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1849,  serving 
as  a  member  of  several  important  com 
mittees  in  the  Senate,  during  his  first 
term. 

Allen,  William.— Born  in  Butler 
County,  Ohio,  August  13,  1827;  received 
a  good  English  education,  and  taught 
school  for  a  time ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  in  1850  he 
was  elected  a  County  Prosecuting  At 
torney,  and  re-elected  in  1852 ;  and  in 
1858  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Accounts.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  Committee  on 
Interior  Department.  Was  a  delegate 
to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1864. 

Allen,  William  J. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee  in  1828;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Illinois  in  1829;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848;  in 
1854  he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Le 
gislature;  in  1855  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Il 
linois,  which  he  resigned  in  1860,  and 
was  then  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Illinois,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  John  S.  Logan,  resigned,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Claims. 

Allen,  Willis.  —  He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

Alley,  JToJin  J$. — Born  in  Lynn, 
Massachusetts,  January  7,  1817;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  educa 
tion  ;  was  apprenticed  to  a  shoemaker, 
and  received  his  freedom  when  nineteen 
years  of  age,  after  which  he  devoted 
himself  to  trading;  he  subsequently  en 
tered  largely  into  the  shoe  and  leather 
business,  which  he  has  since  followed; 
he  served  several  years  in  the  City 
Councils  of  Lynn  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Council  in  1851 ;  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1852; 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
held  in  1853,  and  in  1858  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


15 


and  also  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 

Allison,  James.— He  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Bea 
ver  County,  Pennsylvania,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

Allison,  John.— He  was  born  ^  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Allison,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1831  to  1888. 

Allison,  William  J5.— He  was  born 
in  the  Township  of  Perry,  Wayne 
County,  Ohio,  March  2,  1829;  spent  the 
most  of  his  boyhood  on  a  farm ;  was 
educated  chiefly  at  Alleghany  College, 
Pennsylvania,  and  at  the  Western  Re 
serve  College,  Ohio  ;  studied  law,  came 
to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  practised  the 
profession  in  Ohio  until  1857,  when  he 
settled  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1860;  in  1861  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  staif,  and  rendered  essential 
service  in  raising  troops  for  the  war; 
and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Public  Lands,  and  Roads  and  Canals. 

Alston,  Lemuel  J. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Alston,  William  J. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  removing  to  Alabama, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

Alston,  Willis. — Born  in  Halifax 
County,  North  Carolina.  He  appeared 
in  public  life  as  early  as  1794,  serving 
in  the  State  Legislature  for  several 
j'ears,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1799  to  1803.  Died,  April 
10,  1837. 

Alston,  Willis,  Jr.— Born  in  North 
Carolina,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1803  to 


1815,  and  from  1825  to  1831.  During 
the  war  of  1812  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 

Alvord,  C. — He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts ;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
served  one  term  in  each  branch  of  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat,  in  the  latter  part 
of  1839. 

Ames,  Fisher. — He  was  born  in 
Dedham,  Massachusetts,  April  9,  1756, 
and  died  July  4,  1808.  He  entered 
Harvard  University  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  and  graduated  with  honor  ;  and 
having  studied  law,  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  his  native 
town,  in  1781.  He  was  acknowledged 
to  be  the  most  eloquent  debater  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  "Address"  of  that  body, 
to  Washington,  on  his  retirement  from 
the  Presidency.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Conven 
tion  for  ratifying  the  Constitution,  in 
1788,  and  after  retiring  from  political 
life,  having  served  in  Congress  for  eight 
years,  he  was  elected  President  of  Har 
vard  University,  but  declined  the  honor. 
He  was  an  industrious  writer  as  well  as 
a  great  orator  ;  and  his  collected  writ 
ings,  with  a  memoir,  were  published  in 
1809. 

Ames,  Offkes.—H-e  was  born  in 
Easton,  Bristol  County,  Massachusetts, 
January  10, 1804;  has  ever  been  a  manu 
facturer  by  profession ;  was  a  member, 
for  two  years,  of  the  Executive  Council 
of  the  State,  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Massachusetts 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  and  Manufactures. 

Ancona,  Sydenham  E.— He  was 

born  in  Warwick,  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  November  20,  1824,  and 
was  elected  in  1860  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia  and  on  Manu 
factures.  In  1862  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Manu 
factures,  and  on  the  Militia. 


16 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Anderson,  Alexander. — He  was 

a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  the  Knox- 
ville  District,  Tennessee,  during  the 
years  1840  and  1841,  a  part  of  a  term, 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Militia. 

Anderson,  Hugh  J.— Rom  in  1801, 
in  Maine,  and  was  Clerk  of  the  Waldo 
County  Courts  from  1827  to  1837,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1837  to  1841,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs.  He  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  Governor  of 
Maine  from  1844  to  1847  ;  and  Commis 
sioner  of  Customs  in  Washington,  from 
1853  to  1858. 

Anderson,  Isaac. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Anderson,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Cumberland,  Maine  ;  was  a  graduate 
of  Bowdoin  College  in  1813 ;  studied  law 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  Senate  in  1824,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Cumberland  County,  Maine, 
from  1825  to  1833,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Elections  and 
Naval  Affairs.  He  was  also  Mayor  of 
Portland  in  1833  and  1842  ;  United 
States  District  Attorney  from  1833  to 
1837  ;  and  Collector  of  Customs  at  Port 
land  from  1837  to  1841,  and  from  1843 
to  1848.  He  died  August  21,  1853,  aged 
sixty-one  years. 

Anderson,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
near  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  No 
vember  5,  1757  ;  enjoyed  what  was 
called  at  the  time  a  good  education  ; 
studied  law  ;  was  appointed  an  ensign 
in  the  New  Jersey  line  in  1775  ;  was  pro 
moted  to  an  adjutancy  ;  as  a  captain, 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth  ;  he 
also  went,  in  1779,  with  Sullivan  against 
the  Six  Nations  ;  in  1780  he  was  at  Val 
ley  Forge  ;  in  1781  at  the  siege  of  York  ; 
and  after  the  war  he  retired  with  the 
rank  of  brevet-major.  He  practised 
law  in  Delaware  for  seven  years.  In 
1791  was  appointed  by  Washington 
Judge  of  the  territory  south  of  the 
Ohio  River;  remained  in  that  position 
until  the  first  Constitution  of  Tennes 
see  was  formed,  which  he  aided  in  form 
ing  in  convention  ;  and  he  was  an  influ 
ential  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  from  Tennessee,  from  1797  to 
1815,  serving  at  all  times  upon  impor 


tant  committees,  and  acting  on  two  oc 
casions  as  President  pro  tempore  of  the 
Senate.  He  was  appointed  in  1815 
First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury, 
where  he  remained  until  1836.  He 
died  in  Washington,  April  17,  1837. 

Anderson,  Joseph  H. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Treasury  Department. 

Anderson,  Josiah  M. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  the 
Third  District  in  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1852,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861. 

Anderson,  J.  P. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  from 
the  Territory  of  Washington. 

Anderson,  Lucien. — Was  born  in 
Mayfield,  Kentucky,  in  June,  1824; 
received  a  good  English  education ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and 
served  for  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  Legislature.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia.  During 
the  month  of  November,  1863,  he  was 
taken  prisoner  by  a  party  of  ''Con 
federates,"  and  retained  in  custody 
until  just  before  the  meeting  of  Con 
gress,  when  he  was  exchanged.  He 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864,  and  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1853. 

Anderson,  Richard  C.,  Jr. — 

Born  in  Jefferson  County,  Kentucky ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky,  from  1817  to  1821, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands  during  the  Sixteenth 
Congress.  In  1823  he  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Colombia, 
and  in  1826  Envoy  Extraordinary  to 
Panama ;  but  died  November  6,  1826. 

Anderson,  Samuel.  —  Born  in 
1774,  in  Pennsylvania.  He  served  re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


17 


peatedly  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  ;  was  Speaker  of  its  House  in  1848 
and  1849 ;  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Boundary-Line  of  Missouri.  He  died 
in  Chester,  Pennsylvania,  January  17, 
1850. 

Anderson,  Simeon  H. — Born  in 
Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  March  2, 
1832;  studied  law  and  practised  with 
success ;  served  frequently  in  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature;  was  elected  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress  from  the  Fifth 
Congressional  District  of  Kentucky, 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads.  He  died  at  his  resi 
dence  near  Lancaster,  Kentucky,  Au 
gust  11,  1840,  before  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  service.  He  had  the  repu 
tation  of  being  a  remarkably  indus 
trious,  useful,  and  amiable  man. 

Anderson,  Thomas  S. — Born  in 
Greene  County,  Kentucky,  December  8, 
1808.  He  was  self-educated,  and  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1830,  where  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  twen 
ty-one  years  of  age.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1840  ; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844,  1848, 
1852,  and  1856 ;  and  a  member  of  the 
Convention  for  remodelling  the  State 
Constitution  in  1845,  and  was  elected  a 
Kepresentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims. 

Anderson,  William.  —  Born  in 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1763, 
and  served  throughout  the  Revolution 
ary  War  with  credit,  taking  a  prominent 
part  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  Delaware  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1809 
to  1815,  and  from  1817  to  1819.  He  was 
afterwards  a  Judge  of  Delaware  County 
Court,  and  a  Custom-house  officer  at 
Chester,  in  that  county,  where  he  died, 
December  13,  1829. 

Anderson,  William  C. — Born  in 
Lancaster,  Garrard  County,  Kentucky, 
December  6,  1826  ;  educated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  Danville  ;  adopted  the  profession 


of  law ;  served  in  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature  in  1851  and  1853 ;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1856;  and  in  1859  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  Ken 
tucky,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia.  Died  at 
Frankfort,  Kentucky,  December  23, 
1861. 

Andrews,  Charles. — Born  in  Pa 
ris,  Maine,  in  1814;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837 ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1839 
to  1843,  a  portion  of  the  time  Speaker 
of  the  House  ;  and  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1851  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Paris,  April  30,  1852. 

Andrews,    George   JR.— He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was'  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  Four 
teenth  Congressional  District  in  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Andrews,  John  T. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1839,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department. 

Andreivs,  Landaff  W. — Born  in 
Fleming  County,  Kentucky,  February 
12,  1803 ;  graduated  at  Transylvania 
University  in  1824;  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  1826,  in  which 
profession  he  has  since  been  actively 
engaged.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature  in  1834,  and  in  1838 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1839  to  1843,  and 
acted  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions  and  Accounts.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
Senate. 

Andreivs,  Samuel   G. — He    was 

born  in  Derby,  New  Haven  County, 
Connecticut,  October  16,  1799;  received 
an  academical  education,  and  removed 
with  his  father  to  Rochester,  New  York, 
in  1816.  He  was  occupied  chiefly  in 
mercantile  and  manufacturing  pursuits ; 
was  for  several  years  Mayor  of  Roches 
ter  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Legislature  in  1831  and  1832,  from  Mon 
roe  County,  New  York ;  Clerk  of  the 
Monroe  County  Court ;  Secretary  of  the 


18 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


State  Senate  of  New  York  for  four  years ; 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Dernier  Kesort  for 
four  years ;  and  was  Postmaster  of  Ro- 
cliester.  He  was  elected  a  Representa- 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  memher  of  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals.  Died 
in  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1863. 

Andrews,  Sherlock  J.— Born  in 
"Wallingford,  Connecticut,  in  1801 ;  gra 
duated  at  Union  College;  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1825,  and  practised 
law  ;  was  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
that  State,  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce. 

Angel,  William  G. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  l^ewshoreham,  Rhode  Island; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Burlington,  Otsego  County, 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1833,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
on  Territories. 

Anthony,   Henry  _B.  —  He   was 

born  in  Coventry,  Rhode  Island,  April 
1,  1815,  of  Quaker  ancestry  ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1833;  and  in 
1838  he  assumed  the  editorial  charge  of 
the  Providence  Journal,  which  he  re 
tained  until  called  to  a  seat  in  theUnited 
States  Senate.  He  was  elected  Governor 
of  Rhode  Island  in  1849,  re-elected  in 
1850,  and  declined  a  re-election;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Rhode  Island,  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1859,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Printing ;  and  in  1864 
was  re-elected  for  the  long  term,  ending 
in  1871. 

Anthony,  Joseph  JB. — Born  in 
Pennsylvania;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1837,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Territories  and  Military 
Affairs.  He  died  at  Williamsport,  Penn 
sylvania,  January  17,  1851. 

Appleton,  John. — Born  in  Bever 
ly,  Massachusetts,  February  11,  1815; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  Maine, 
in  1834;  was  admitted  to  practise  law 
at  Portland,  Maine,  in  1837.  In  the 
winter  of  1838-39  he  became  editor  of  a 
Democratic  newspaper  in  that  city  (The 
Eastern  Argus),  and  continued  to  be  its 


editor  for  the  next  four  or  five  years, 
during  a  part  of  which  time  he  was  also 
Register  of  Probate  for  the  County  of 
Cumberland.  In  1845  he  accepted  an 
invitation  from  Mr.  Bancroft,  the  Se 
cretary  of  the  Navy,  to  become  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  Navy  Department ;  subse 
quently  he  succeeded  Mr.  Trist  as  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  State  Department,  which 
was  then  presided  over  by  Mr.  Bucha 
nan.  In  1848  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  Charge  d' Affaires  of 
the  United  States  to  Bolivia.  On  his 
return  from  that  mission,  which  he  re 
signed  after  the  election  of  G-eneral 
Taylor,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
at  Portland,  in  partnership  with  Na 
than  Clifford,  now  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States; 
but  soon  afterwards,  in  September,  1850, 
he  was  elected,  from  the  Portland  Dis 
trict,  a  member  of  the  Thirty-second 
Congress.  In  1855  he  joined  Mr.  Bu 
chanan,  at  London,  as  Secretary  of  Le 
gation,  but  returned  home  in  time  for 
the  Presidential  canvass  of  1856.  In 
1857,  having  been  obliged  from  ill 
health  to  decline  the  position  to  which 
he  had  been  invited,  of  editor  of  the 
"Washington  Union,"  he  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State.  In  May,  1860,  he 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Russia.  He 
died,  in  Portland,  Maine,  August  22, 
1864. 

Appleton,  Nathan. — Born  at  New 
Ipswich,  New  Hampshire,  October  6, 
1779.  He  entered  Dartmouth  College 
in  1794,  but  left  his  studies  there,  after 
being  invited  by  his  brother  to  join  him 
in  the  mercantile  business  in  Boston. 
He  became  interested  in  the  cotton  ma 
nufacture,  and  in  1821  was  one  of  the 
three  original  founders  of  Lowell.  He 
was  at  different  periods  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  again  in  1842, 
was  elected  a  Representative  of  that 
State  in  Congress ;  but  soon  resigned 
his  seat,  and  has  since  taken  no  part  in 
public  affairs.  He  has  published  pam 
phlets  and  essays  on  Currency,  Bank 
ing,  and  the  Tariff.  He  died  in  Boston, 
July  14,  1861. 

Appleton,  William.  —  Born  in 
Brookfield,  Massachusetts,  November, 
1786,  and  was  educated  for  mercantile 
pursuits,  in  which  he  has  been  engaged 
extensively  and  successfully  for  more 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


19 


than  fifty  years.  He  has  taken  a  promi 
nent  part  in  various  public  enterprises 
and  benevolent  objects  ;  given  much  at 
tention  to  banking  and  financial  opera 
tions,  and  was  for  some  years,  and  until 
the  close  of  the  institution,  President  of 
the  Branch  Bank  of  the  United  States  in 
Boston.  In  1850  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  and  re-elected  in  1852.  He 
was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  but  died  in  February,  1862, 
in  Boston. 

Archer,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Harford  County,  Maryland,  in  1741, 
and  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in  1760. 
He  studied  divinity,  but  on  account  of 
a  throat  aifection,  turned  his  attention 
to  medicine,  and  went  through  a  course 
of  study  at  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
College,  having  received  the  first  medi 
cal  diploma  ever  issued  in  the  New 
World.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
Revolution,  he  had  command  of  a  mili 
tary  company ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  after  the  war  he 
practised  his  profession ;  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  Mary 
land,  from  1801  to  1807 ;  and  died  in 
1810.  As  a  medical  man  he  commanded 
great  influence,  and  several  discoveries 
were  made  by  him,  which  have  been 
adopted  by  the  profession. 

Archer,   Stejihcnson.  —  He  was 

born  in  Harford  County,  Maryland,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  CoJigress, 
from  that  State,  from  1811  to  1817,  when 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Mississippi 
Territory.  He  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  again,  from  1819 
to  1821,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Archer,    William   S.  —  Born    in 

Amelia  County,  Virginia,  March  5, 
1789.  He  came  of  a  Welsh  family,  a 
number  of  whom  acquitted  themselves 
with  honor  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
He  obtained  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  at  the  best  grammar  schools  of 
the  day ;  graduated  at  the  College  of 
William  and  Mary ;  and  studied  law. 
In  1812  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  served,  excepting 
one  year,  until  1819.  In  1820  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia,  where  he  remained  until 
1835,  taking  an  active  part  in  all  mat 
ters  of  national  importance,  and  exert 


ing  a  paramount  influence,  especially 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fo 
reign  Relations,  and  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Missouri  Compro 
mise.  In  1841  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1847,  having,  from  the 
start,  been  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  in  that 
body.  By  his  public  acts,  he  com 
manded  the  respect  of  the  country  ;  and 
by  the  charms  of  his  private  character, 
won  the  friendship  of  many  of  the  lead 
ing  men  of  his  day.  On  his  retirement 
from  public  life,  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  improvement  of  his  paternal  estate; 
and  died  March  28,  1855,  of  neuralgia, 
with  which  he  had  been  afflicted  for 
twenty  years. 

Armstrong,  James. — A  native  of 
Pennsylvania;  distinguished  himself  in 
the  Indian  wars,  and  was  consulted  by 
the  proprietors  of  Pennsylvania  on  all 
matters  connected  with  Indian  affairs. 
In  1776,  Congress  promoted  him  from 
the  rank  of  colonel  to  that  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  he  assisted  in  the  defence 
of  Fort  Moultrie,  and  in  the  battle  of 
Germantown ;  in  1777  he  resigned  his 
commission  in  consequence  of  dissatis 
faction  as  to  rank.  He  was  subsequently 
elected  a  Representative  to  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  serving  from  1793 
to  1795,  and  sustained  a  number  of  other 
honorable  offices.  He  died  At  Carlisle, 
Penna.,  March  9,  1795,  a  few  days  after 
the  expiration  of  his  term  in  Congress. 

Armstrong,  John. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Pennsylvania,  and  served  as  an 
officer  during  the  revolutionary  war. 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  in  order  to  ob 
tain  redress  for  the  grievances  sustained 
by  the  officers  of  the  army,  he  prepared 
the  celebrated  "  Newburgh  Letters," 
and  they  produced  a  deep  sensation. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Pennsyl 
vania,  where  he  was  made  adjutant- 
general  of  the  State ;  and  to  him  was 
intrusted  the  direction  of  the  last  Penn 
sylvania  war  against  the  Connecticut 
settlers  of  Wyoming.  Returning  to 
New  York,  he  was  sent  to  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States,  serving  from  1800 
to  1804,  when  he  resigned.  On  the  re 
turn  of  Chancellor  Livingston  from  the 
French  embassy,  he  was  commissioned 
Minister  in  his  place  in  1804.  Return 
ing  to  his  own  country,  he  was  called 
to  the  War  Department  by  President 


20 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES, 


Madison.  During  the  campaign  of  1813, 
he  visited  the  northern  frontier.  His 
flight  from  Washington,  with  Mr.  Madi 
son  and  his  cabinet,  at  the  sacking  of 
1814,  gave  the  coup  de  grace  to  his  offi 
cial  career  as  Secretary  of  War.  It  was 
charged  that  the  capital  was  lost  by 
reason  of  his  neglect  to  provide  the 
means  of  defence.  He  was  dismissed 
from  office,  and  the  duties  of  the  War 
Department  devolved  upon  Mr.  Monroe, 
then  Secretary  of  State.  From  that 
time  he  lived  in  retirement  upon  his 
estate  at  Red  Hook,  but  passed  a  few 
years  in  Maryland.  He  published  a 
brief  history  of  the  last  war  with  Eng 
land.  He  died  at  Ked  Hook,  New  York, 
April  1,  1843,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Armstrong,   William. — He  was 

born  in  Lisburn,  Antrim  County,  Ire 
land,  December  23,  1782.  He  came  to 
this  country  in  1792 ;  had  a  limited 
education ;  studied  law  in  Winchester, 
Virginia ;  devoted  himself  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits.  In  1813  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Madison  Collector  for  the 
Sixth  District  of  Virginia  ;  in  1818  and 
1819  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
House  of  Delegates ;  in  1822  and  1823, 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works; 
and  in  1820  and  1824  he  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector ;  for  many  years  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  one  year  High  Sheriff  of 
Hampshire  County;  and  he  was  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1825  to 
1833.  Since  that  time  he  has  lived  in 
retirement  in  the  pleasant  valley  of  the 
South  Branch  of  the  Potomac. 

Arnold,  Benedict.— -He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York,  from 
Amsterdam,  Montgomery  County,  in 
1816  and  1817,  and  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1831. 

Arnold,  Isaac  N. — Born  in  Hard- 
wicke,  Otsego  County,  New  York,  in 
November,  1815  ;  while  engaged  in  ac 
quiring  an  education  he  taught  school, 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1835;  in  1836  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
Illinois  ;  in  1837  he  was  First  Clerk  of 
the  City  of  Chicago;  in  1843  he  was 
elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  canal  im 
provements  ;  in  1844  he  was  Presiden 
tial  Elector  ;  was  for  a  time  attorney  for 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal ;  and  in 
1860  he  was  elected  a  Kepresentative, 


from  Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  chairman  of  the 
Select  Committee  on  the  Defences  and 
Fortifications  of  the  G-reat  Lakes  and 
Kivers.  In  1862  he  was  elected  for 
another  term  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Manufactures,  and  as  Chairman  of  that 
on  Roads  and  Canals. 

Arnold,  Lemuel  H. — Born  in  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vermont,  January  29,  1792, 
and  removed  to  Rhode  Island  at  an 
early  age.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College,  in  l&ll ;  was  educated  for  the 
bar,  but  turned  his  attention  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits.  In  1831,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  re- 
elected  in  1832 ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Council  during  the  Dorr  re 
bellion  in  1842  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1847 ;  and 
died  in  Kingston,  Rhode  Island,  June 
27,  1852. 

Arnold,  Samuel- — He  was  born 
in  Haddam,  Middlesex  County,  Con 
necticut,  June  1,  1806;  received  his 
education  at  Plainfield  Academy,  in 
Connecticut,  and  Westfield  Academy, 
in  Massachusetts  ;  has  devoted  the  most 
of  his  life  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
to  various  interests  of  commerce;  hav 
ing  also  for  many  years  carried  on  one 
of  the  most  extensive  stone  quarries  in 
the  Union.  He  was,  also,  for  a  number 
of  years,*President  of  the  Bank  of  East 
Haddam.  He  served  his  native  county, 
in  the  "Legislature,  during  the  years 
1839,  1842,  1844,  and  1851,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
as  a  Representative  from  Connecticut, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims. 

Arnold,  Samuel  G. — Born  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  April  12, 
1821 ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1841 ;  having  taken  a  year  from  the 
course  to  travel  in  Europe  and  the  East; 
spent  two  years  in  a  counting-house  in 
Providence,  and  again  visited  Europe  ; 
spent  two  years  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  having  graduated,  came  to 
the  bar  in  1845;  but  instead  of  practis 
ing,  again  visited  Europe,  and  also 
South  America.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Rhode  Island  ; 
in  1859  and  1860,  he  published  the  His 
tory  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  a 
work  upon  which  he  had  long  been  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES, 


21 


gaged  ;  in  1861  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Convention,  and  again  chosen 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State  ;  and 
on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Kebellion,  he 
took  the  field,  for  a  few  weeks,  in  com 
mand  of  a  battery  of  artillery,  as  aide-de 
camp  to  Governor  Sprague.  In  1862,  he 
was  again  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Khode  Island,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
chosen  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode 
Island,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  F. 
Simmons,  resigned,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce  and  Claims. 

Arnold,    Thomas    J).— He    was 

elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Knox  County,  Tennessee,  from 
1831  to  1833,  and  for  a  second  term, 
from  1841  to  1843,  representing  Green 
ville  County  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Elections  and  Claims. 

Arrinyton,  Archibald. — He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  represented 
that  State  in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1845, 
after  which  he  retired  to  private  life. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  War  Department. 

Ash,  Michael  W. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1837,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 


Ashe,  John  Baptiste. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  1790 
to  1793 ;  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
State  of  North  Carolina,  in  1801 ;  and 
died  November  27,  1802.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  1787  and  1788. 

Ashe,  John  JB. — He  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1843  to  1845,  representing 
the  Tenth  District,  and  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Invalid 
Pensions,  and  Expenditures  in  the  State 
and  Treasury  Departments. 

Ashe,  William  S.— Born  in  Wil 
mington,  North  Carolina;  a  lawyer  by 
profession  ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1846,  and  was  re-elected  in  1848  ; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1849  to  1853,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department. 


Ashley,  Chester. — Born  at  West- 
field,  Massachusetts,  June  1,  1790,  but 
was  removed  in  infancy  to  Hudson, 
New  York,  where  he  resided  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  twenty-seven.  He, 
then  went  to  Illinois,  and  after  prac 
tising  law  in  that  State  for  two  years, 
removed  to  the  Territory  of  Arkansas, 
and  established  himself  in  Little  Rock, 
then  a  mere  landing.  He  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  1847,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee 
in  that  body.  He  served  .  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Washington 
City,  April  29,  1848. 

Ashley,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Cheshire,  New  Hampshire,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware  and  Greene  counties, 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Ashley,  James  M. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1824 ;  was  self-educated  ;  be 
came  an  adventurer  at  the  age  of  fifteen, 
at  one  time  acting  as  clerk  on  the  store 
boats  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi,  and 
then  doing  service  in  a  printing  office. 
He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Ohio  in  1849  ;  but,  instead  of 
practising  his  profession,  he  went  into 
the  business  of  boat-building,  and  was 
connected  with  the  press.  He  subse 
quently  settled  at  Toledo,  and  went 
into  the  wholesale  drug  business,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  and  made  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories,  and  also 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories. 

Ashley,  William  H. — Born  in 
Powhatan  County,  Virginia,  and  emi 
grated  to  Missouri,  then  Upper  Louisi 
ana,  in  1808,  and  settled  near  the  Lead 
Mines.  In  1822,  he  projected  the 
scheme  of  the  "Mountain  Expedition," 
by  uniting  the  Indian  trade  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  with  the  hunting  and 
trapping  business.  He  enlisted  about 
three  hundred  hardy  men  in  the  business, 
and,  after  various  successes  and  re  verses, 
having  sustained  numerous  losses  by 
Indian  robbery  and  river  disasters,  he 
and  his  associates  realized  a  handsome 
fortune.  He  was  the  first  Lieutenant- 


22 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Governor  of  Missouri,  after  it  became  a 
State,  and  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died  near 
Boonville,  Missouri,  March  26,  1838. 

*  Ashmore,  John  D.  —  Born  in 
Greenville  District,  South  Carolina, 
August  7,  1819  ;  served  as  a  merchant's 
clerk  for  several  years,  and  then  taught 
school  until  he  became  of  age  ;  studied 
law,  but  instead  of  following  that  pro 
fession,  turned  his  attention  to  agricul 
ture  ;  when  quite  young,  filled  various 
offices  in  the  State  Militia ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  South  Carolina  Legislature 
in  1848,  1850,  and  1852 ;  in  1853,  he  was 
elected  Comptroller-General  of  the  State 
for  two  years,  and  re-elected  for  a 
second  term  ;  and  he  was  subsequently 
elected  a  Kepresentative  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 
Kesigned  in  December,  1860. 

Ashmun,  Eli  Pease. — He  was  a 

distinguished  lawyer,  and  for  several 
years  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives  and  Senate  of  Massachusetts  ; 
and  was  elected,  in  1816,  to  succeed 
General  Varnum  as  Senator  from  that 
State,  in  Congress  ;  this  office  he  re 
signed  in  1818.  He  died  at  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  May  10,  1819, 
aged  forty-eight. 

Ashmun,  George. —  Born  in 
Brandford,  Massachusetts,  December 
25,  1804 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1823  ;  studied  law  and  settled  in  Spring 
field  in  1828.  He  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  during  the  years  1833,  1835, 
1836,  1838,  and  1841,  officiating  as 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  the  latter  year. 
He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress 
from  1845  to  1851,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary, 
Indian  Aifairs,  arid  on  Kules.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  devoted  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1860  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  Chicago 
Convention,  convened  to  nominate  a 
President  and  Vice-President. 

Atchison,  David  R. — He  was  born 
in  Frogtown,  Fayette  County,  Ken 
tucky,  August  11,  1807;  was  educated 
for  the  bar ;  and  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1830.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State  in  1834  and  1838. 
In  1841  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Platte  County  Circuit  Court ;  and  dur 
ing  the  year  1843,  was  appointed  a  Sena 


tor  in  Congress,  to  which  position  he 
was  twice  elected,  serving  until  1855, 
frequently  at  the  head  of  important 
committees,  and  for  several  sessions  as 
President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate. 
He  was  subsequently  devoted  to  agri 
cultural  pursuits. 

Atherton,  Charles  G.— He  was 

born  in  Hillsborough  County,  New 
Hampshire,  July  4,  1804 ;  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1822;  studied  law,  but 
engaged  in  politics  when  quite  young ; 
he  was  for  many  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  New  Hampshire,  and  for  three 
years  Speaker  of  the  House ;  he  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  1837 
to  1843 ;  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1849 ;  and,  in  November,  1852, 
he  was  re-elected  a  Senator  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  died  of  apoplexy  in  Man 
chester,  New  Hampshire,  November  15, 
1853.  He  was  Chairman,  in  the  Senate, 
of  the  Committee  on  Finance. 

Atherton,  Charles  H. — He  was 

born  in  Amherst,  New  Hampshire, 
August  14,  1773,  and  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1794.  He  held  the  office 
of  Register  of  Probate,  from  1798  to 
1807  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1815  to  1817;  and  stood  at  ttie  head 
of  the  bar  in  Hillsborough  County  for 
many  years.  He  died  in  Amherst, 
January  8,  1853. 

AtMns,  John  D.  C. — He  was  born 
in  Henry  County,  Tennessee,  on  the  4th 
of  June,  1825 ;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  East  Tennessee  in  1846  ;  was 
elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legis 
lature  in  1849  and  1851 ;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1855;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1856 ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  in  1857,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads. 

Atkinson,  Archibald. — Born  in 
Isle  of  "Wight  County,  Virginia,  Sep 
tember  13,  1792.  He  left  school  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  and  entered  the  office 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  County  Court,  and 
performed  the  duties  of  copyist,  devot 
ing  his  leisure  time  to  the  study  of  law, 
which  he  completed  at  the  Law  School 
of  William  and  Mary  College.  In  1813 
he  joined  the  troops  at  Norfolk,  as  en 
sign  of  a  volunteer  company,  which 
was  attached  to  the  29th  Regiment,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


23 


was  at  the  battle  of  Craney  Island. 
Upon  leaving  the  army  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  Smithfield,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  also  of  the  House 
of  Delegates  and  State  Senate  for  seve 
ral  years.  In  1843  he  was  elected  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
and  served  until  1848,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs 
and  Commerce.  He  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  his  county  twenty  years  ; 
Mayor  of  Smithfield,  and  a  magistrate. 

Austin,  Archibald. — He  was   a 

Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Averettj   TJiomas   H. —  He   was 

born  in  Virginia ;  was  a  resident  of 
Halifax  County,  and  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  Third 
District  in  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  on  Revisal, 
and  Unfinished  Business. 

Avery,  Daniel. — He  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Hamil 
ton  County,  New  York,  from  1811  to 
1815,  and  from  Caytiga  County,  from 
1816  to  1817. 

Avert/,  William  T.  —  Born  in 
Maury  County,  Tennessee,  November 
11,  1819,  and  was  very  early  in  life 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  for  edu 
cation  and  support ;  he  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession  ;  and  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  Tennessee  in  1843.  He  held 
several  creditable  positions  in  his  native 
State,  and  was  chosen  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  State  Department,  and  on 
Private  Land  Claims ;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Aycrigg,  John  B. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department,  and  the  Joint  Committee 
on  the  Library,  and  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions.  He  was  a  candidate  for  election 
to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  and  al 
though  he  came  with  the  "  Broad  Seal" 
of  New  Jersey,  he  was  not  admitted. 


Babbitt.  Elijah.— Born  in  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  in  1796;  received 
a  common  school  and  academic  educa 
tion,  in  the  States  of  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania ;  studied  law  in  the  lat 
ter  State,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1824  ;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  the  State  in  1833  ;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1836  and  1837;  was 
a  State  Senator  in  1844  and  1845 ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

BabcocJc,  Alfred. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1841  to  1843. 

BabcockfLeander. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

BabcocJc,    William.  —  He   was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Bacon,  Ezelkiel. — He  was  born  in 
Stockbridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1776 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1804  ;  the 
son  of  John  Bacon  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1805  and  1806;, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  the  Western  District  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1813;  First  Comptroller 
of  the  United  States  Treasury  from  1813 
to  1815 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1807  to 
1813. 

Bacon,  Jolin. — He  was  born  in 
Canterbury,  Connecticut,  in  1737;  gra 
duated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  1765;  studied  theology,  and,  after 
preaching  for  a  time  in  Maryland,  re 
moved  to  Massachusetts,  and  settled  in 
Boston.  Owing  to  some  difficulties  with 
his  congregation,  he  relinquished  the 
ministry,  and  subsequently  held  the  po 
sitions  of  magistrate,  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  Presiding  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  a  mem 
ber  and  President  of  the  State  Senate, 
and  that  of  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1801  to  1803. 
He  died  in  Berkshire  County,  October 
25,  1820. 

Badger,  George  E. — Born  in  the 


24 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


town  of  Newbern,  North  Carolina,  in 
1795.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1813;  studied  and  practised  law  ;  and 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1816.. 
In  1820,  he  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  which  he  resigned  in 
1825  ;  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  by  President  Harrison  in  1841 ; 
and  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
in  1846,  and  re-elected  in  1848  for  a 
term  of  six  years,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Military  and  Naval  Affairs. 
Of  late  years  he  has  been  wholly  de 
voted  to  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
visiting  Washington  occasionally  to  ar 
gue  cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

Badger,  LutJier.—RoTn  in  Par- 

tridgefield,  Berkshire  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  10,  1785,  but  his  father 
removed  to  Broome  County,  New  York, 
in  1786.  Having  made  sufficient  ac 
quaintance  in  the  common  branches  of 
an  English  education,  he  entered  Ham 
ilton  College  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and 
spent  two  years  there.  In  1807  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1812,  and  con 
tinued  to  practise  his  profession  until 
1824,  when  he  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  to  the  Nineteenth  Congress.  He 
had  been  engaged  in  military  services 
.  in  his  State,  and  in  1819  was  appointed, 
by  Governor  Clinton,  Judge-Advocate 
for  the  27th  Brigade  of  Infantry  of 
New  York  State,  which  office  he  held 
for  eight  years.  In  1832  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  law,  and  in  1840  was  ap 
pointed  Examiner  in  Chancery  and 
Commissioner  of  United  States  Loans, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years. 
Prom  1846  to  1849  he  was  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  New  York. 

Baer,  George.— K&  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1797  to  1801,  and  again  from  1815 
to  1817. 

Bagby,  Arthur  JP. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1794 ;  was  liberally  edu 
cated  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  settled  in  Alabama  in  1818;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1820  and  1822,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  ;  was  Governor  of  Alabama  from 
1837  to  1843;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1842  to 
1849.  His  last  public  position  was  that 
of  Minister  to  Kussia,  to  which  he  was 


appointed  in  1848.  He  died  of  yellow 
fever  at  Mobile,  September  21,  Id58. 

Bailey,  David  J. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Bailey*  Goldsmith  F. — Born  in 

Westmoreland,  New  Hampshire,  July 
17,  1823  ;  finished  his  schooling  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  ;  became  a  printer  and 
edited  a  country  paper  ;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848  ; 
in  1856  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Massachusetts  ;  in  1858  and  1860 
to  the  Senate  of  the  State ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress.  His  health  was  impaired  when 
he  took  his  seat  in  Congress,  and  he 
died  at  Fitchburg,  Massachusetts,  May 
8,  1862. 

Bailey,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 
at  Little  Compton,  Rhode  Island;  gra 
duated  at  Brown  University,  and  stu 
died  law.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  from  1811  to  1814;  a 
Judge  of  Probate  from  1814  to  1835; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Lincoln  County,  Maine,  from  1835  to 
1837,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture  and  Expenditures  in  the 
Post-office  Department.  He  was  also 
Collector  of  Customs  at  Wiscasset,  from 
1849  to  1853  ;  and  died  in  July  of  that 
year. 

Bailey,  John.— lie  was  born  in 
Norfolk  County,  Massachusetts ;  was  a 
member  of  the*  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  from  1815  to  1813;  a  clerk  in  the 
Department  of  State  for  a  year ;  a  State 
Senator  in  1831  and  1834 ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  for  Massachu 
setts,  from  1823  to  1831,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditures  and 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Department; 
and  died  at  Dorchester,  Massachusetts, 
June  26,  1835. 

Bailey,  TJieodorus. — He  was  born 
in  1752  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1793  to 
1797,  and  again  from  1799  to  1803;  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1804,  when  he  resigned  and  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  of  New  York  City. 
He  died  September  6,  1828. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


25 


Baily,  Joseph. — He  was  born  on 
the  Brandywine  battle-ground,  Ches 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  18, 
1810  ;  received  a  limited  education 
through  his  own  exertions,  on  account 
of  the  moderate  circumstances  of  his 
father,  and  was  early  apprenticed  to  a 
mechanical  branch  of  business,  which 
was  his  first  step  to  eminent  success. 
From  1839  to  1845  he  represented  his 
native  county  in  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  and  from  1850  to  1854  re 
presented  Perry  County,  in  the  State 
Senate.  Jn  1854  he  was  Treasurer  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1860 
was  elected  a  Kepresentativefrom  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  committees  on 
Agriculture  and  Printing.  He  was  also 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  and  served  on  the  same  Com 
mittees. 

Baker,  Caleb. — He  was  born  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island  ;  served  four 
years  in  the  New  York  Assembly  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Baker,  David  J. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  from 
1830  to  1831. 

Baker,  Edward  D. — Was  born 
in  England,  brought  to.  this  country 
when  a  child,  and  was  early  left  an  or 
phan  in  Philadelphia.  His  father  was 
a  weaver,  and  when  a  boy,  he  worked 
at  that  business  himself.  He  obtaftied 
an  education  under  many  difficulties  ; 
first  studied  for  the  ministry,  but  soon 
turned  his  attention  to  the  law,  becom 
ing  famous  as  an  advocate  in  Illinois, 
to  which  State  he  emigrated  in  his  nine 
teenth  year.  After  serving  in  the  Illi 
nois  Legislature  for  two  years  ;  he  re 
signed,  and  in  1846,  went  to  Mexico  as  a 
colonel  of  volunteers,  acquitting  himself 
with  credit  at  Cerro  Gordo.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Illi 
nois,  from  1849  to  1851 ;  after  which,  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the  building  of  the 
Panama  Railroad ;  in  1852,  he  settled 
in  San  Francisco,  devoting  himself  to 
his  profession ;  he  subsequently  removed 
to  Oregon,  which  State  he  represented 
as  a  Senator  in  Congress,  taking  his 
seat  In  March,  1861.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  Rebellion,  in  1861,  he  raised  a 
body  of  men  in  Philadelphia,  called  the 
California  Regiment,  and  while  gal 


lantly  leading  them  in  battle  at  Lees- 
burg,  Virginia,  against  a  superior  force, 
he  was  shot  from  his  horse  and  killed, 
October  21,  1861. 

Baker,  Ezra. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1815  to  1817. 

Baker,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1811  to  1813.  He  was  a  lawyer, 
and  died  in  Shepherdstown,  Virginia, 
August  18,  1823. 

Baker,  Osmyn. — He  was  born  in 
Amherst,  Massachusetts,  May  18,  1800  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1822  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1839  to  1845.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  in  1833  and  1834;  State 
Councillor  in  1853  and  1854. 

Baker,  Stephen. — He  was  born  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  August  12,  1819  ; 
at  an  early  age  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  from  which  he  retired  in  1849, 
to  a  country  seat  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Roads  and  Canals,  and  on 
Patents. 

Baldwin,  Abraham. — Was  a  na 
tive  of  Connecticut,  and  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College  in  1772,  and(  from  1775  to 
1779  he  was  a  tutor  in  that  institution. 
Having  studied  law,  he  settled  in  Sa 
vannah,  Georgia,  and  soon  after  his  ar 
rival  there  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Legislature.  He  originated  the 
plan  of  the  University  of  Georgia,  drew 
up  the  charter,  and  persuaded  the  As 
sembly  to  adopt  it,  and  was  for  some 
time  its  President.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to 
1788,  and  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  From  1789  to  1799  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and 
from  1799  to  1807  he  was  a  member  of 
the  United  States  Senate,  part  of  the 
time  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 
He  died  March  4,  1807,  aged  fifty-three 
years. 

Baldwin,    Augustus    C. — Was 

born  in  Salina,  New  York,  December 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


24,  1817;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  having  lost  his  father 
when  young,  became  dependent  upon 
his  own  efforts  for  support ;  in  1837  he 
emigrated  to  Michigan  and  settled  in 
Oakland  County  ;  studied  law,  and  at 
the  same  time  taught  school,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1842.  In  1844  and  1846 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Michigan  ;  in  1853  and  1854  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  his  adopted  county ; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  and 
Baltimore  Conventions  of  1860 ;  and  in 
1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Michigan,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Agriculture  and  Expenditures  in  the 
Interior  Department.  Was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1864. 

Baldivin,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  1779 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1797  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1817  to  1822.  He 
was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  was  for 
many  years  Associate  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  in  Philadelphia,  April  21,  1844. 

Baldwin,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Windham,  Connecticut ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1825  to  1829,  serving  on  one 
standing  and  one  select  committee. 

Baldwin,  John  D. — Was  born  in 
North  Stonington,  Connecticut,  Sep 
tember  28,  1810 ;  was  educated  in  Yale 
College,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  ; 
read  law,  but  never  practised  ;  went 
through  a  course  of  theological  studies, 
devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits,  and 
published  a  volume  of  verses.  In  1842 
he  became  associated  with  the  press, 
first  in  Hartford,  and  then  in  Boston, 
and  was  editor  ,of  the  Daily  Com 
monwealth,  a  writer  for  the  Adverti 
ser,  and  subsequently  became  the  pro 
prietor  of  the  Worcester  Spy.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Massachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  of 
Expenditures,  on  Public  Buildings,  and 
on  Printing. 

Baldwin.  Hoger   Sherman.— 

Born  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  Janu 
ary  4,  1793  ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1811 ;  studied  law  at  Litchfield  Law 
School ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814, 


and  established  himself  in  practice  at 
New  Haven,  where  he  has  since  con 
tinued  to  reside.  In  1837  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  State  Senate,  re-elected  in 
1838,  and  chosen  President  pro  tern,  of 
that  body.  In  1840  and  1841  he  was  a 
Representative  in  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  associa 
ted  with  J.  Q.  Adams  in  the  argument 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  in  the  case  of  the  Africans  of 
the  Amistad.  In  1844  and  1845  he  was 
Governor  of  the  State,  and  in  1847  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  by 
the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  serving 
until  1851.  He  subsequently  engaged 
in  his  professional  duties.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of 
1861,  and  died  in  New  Haven,  Febru 
ary  19,  1863. 

Baldwin,  Simeon. — Born  at  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  December  14,  1761 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1781.  In 
1783  he  was  appointed  tutor  at  the  Col 
lege,  and  continued  in  that  station  un 
til  1786,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  New  Haven,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law.  From  1790  to  1803  he 
was  Clerk  of  the  District  and  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  United  States ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1803 
to  1805,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In 
1806  he  was  appointed,  by  the  Legisla 
ture,  Associate  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  and  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Er 
rors,  and  held  the  office  until  1817.  In 
1822  was  chosen  by  the  General  Assem 
bly  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  locate 
the  Farmington  Canal,  and  was  made 
President  of  that  Board.  In  1826  was 
elected  Mayor  of  New  Haven.  In  1830 
he  resigned  his  office  as  Commissioner. 
He  died  in  New  Haven,  May  26,  1851. 

Ball,  Edivard. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1853  to  1855, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Ball,  William  Lee. — Born  in 
Lancaster  County,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1824.  Died  in 
Washington,  February  28,  1824,  aged 
forty-five  years. 

BanJcs,  John. — Was  born  in  Ju- 
niata  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1793; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1819,  and  settled  in  the  western  part  of 
the  State  ;  was  a  Representative  hi  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to 
1836,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  President  Judge  of  the 
Third  Judicial  District  of  the  State  ;  in 
1841  was  the  "Whig  candidate  for  Go 
vernor,  but  failed  to  be  elected  ;  and  in 
1847  he  resigned  the  judgeship  and 
became  the  State  Treasurer.  He  was 
subsequently  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  died  at  Reading,  on 
the  3d  of  April,  1864. 

Banks,  Linn. — Born  in  Virginia, 
and  was  for  twenty  successive  years 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of 
that  State,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1838  to  1842, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims.  He  was  found  drowned  in  a 
stream  in  Madison  County,  Virginia, 
February  24,  1842. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P. — Born  in 
Waltham,  Massachusetts,  January  30, 
1816,  of  poor  but  respectable  parents, 
operatives  in  a  factory.  He  had  no  ad 
vantages  but  those  aiforded  by  the  com 
mon  school,  but  he  became  a  lover  of 
books  at  an  early  day,  and  that  love 
has  been  a  source  of  gratification  to  him 
all  his  life.  His  first  venture  before  the 
public  was  in  the  capacity  of  newspaper 
editor  in  his  native  town,  and  he  fol 
lowed  the  same  pursuit  at  Lowell.  He 
studied  law,  but  did  not  practise  to  any 
great  extent,  and  in  1848  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts, 
serving  in  both  houses,  and  officiating 
for  a  time  as  Speaker.  He  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Convention  held  in 
1853,  for  revising  the  Constitution  of 
Massachusetts,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1853  to  1857,  when  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  by 
a  majority  of  24,000.  During  his  second 
term  in  Congress,  he  was  elected  Speak 
er,  and,  as  a  presiding  officer,  won  a 
reputation  for  impartiality,  as  it  is  said 
that  not  one  of  his  decisions  was  ever 
overruled  by  the  House.  He  was  elected 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  for  a  second 
term,  in  1858,  and  for  a  third  term  in 
1859.  During  the  Rebellion  of  1861-64, 
he  served  in  the  Union  army  as  a  major- 
general  of  volunteers. 

Barber,  Levi. — He  was  born  in 
Litchfield  County,  Connecticut,  and  was 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from 
1821  to  1823. 

Barber,  Woyes. — He  was  born  in 
Groton,  Connecticut,  April  28,  1781 ; 
was  in  early  life  a  merchant,  but  a  law 
yer  by  profession ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1821  to  1835.  He  died  at 
Groton,  January  3,  1845.  He  was  a 
man  of  ability,  and  while  in  Congress 
accomplished  much  good  for  his  native 
State,  where  he  was  universally  respect* 
ed  as  a  man  and  a  statesman. 

Barbour,  James. — A  native  of 
Virginia ;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Delegates,  and  Governor  of  that  State  ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1815 
to  1825,  officiating  as  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Relations  and 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  serving 
on  other  important  committees.  He  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  War  in  1825,  and 
Minister  to  England  in  1828.  He  died 
in  Orange  County,  Virginia,  June  8, 
1842,  aged  sixty-six  years. ' 

Barbour,  John  S. — Born  in  Cul- 
peper  County,  Virginia,  in  1810,  and  died 
inCulpeper  County,  Virginia,  January 
12,  1855.  He  was  in  early  life  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature ;  was  from  1823 
to  1833  a  member  of  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia  ;  again  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1833-34;  and  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1829-30."  He  was 
a  gentleman  of  much  ability,  and  exer 
cised  considerable  influence  in  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  State. 

V 

Barbour,  Lucien. — He  was  born 
in  Canton,  Connecticut,  March  4,  1811 ; 
graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1837, 
having,  while  receiving  his  own  educa 
tion,  been  a  teacher  himself;  he  removed 
to  Indiana,  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
the  practice  at  Indianapolis.  He  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  United 
States  District  Attorney ;  acted  a  num 
ber  of  times  as  arbitrator  between  the 
State  of  Indiana  and  private  corpora 
tions  ;  in  1852  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  prepare  a  code  of  practice  for 
the  State ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress ;  since  which 
tim  e  he  has  been  devoted  to  his  profession. 

Barbour,    Philip  JP.— Born    in 


28 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1779 ;  was  educated  for  the  law,  in  the 
practice  of  which  he  was  successful ;  he 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  Vir- 

g'nia,  from  1814  to  1825  ;  Speaker  of  the 
ouse  of  Representatives  in  1821 ;  in 
1825  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Eastern  District  of  Virginia  ;  was  again 
in  Congress  from  1827  to  1830,  officiat 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee  ;  and  in  1836  was  appointed  by 
President  Jackson  an  Associate  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  Washington  City, 
of  ossification  of  the  heart,  February  25, 
1841. 

Barclay,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1855  to  1857. 

Bard,David. — He  was  a  graduate 
of  Princeton  College  in  1773,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1795  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1803  to  1815. 

Barker,  David. — He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  died  in  Roches 
ter,  New  Hampshire,  April  1,  1834, 
aged  thirty-seven  years. 

Barker,  Joseph. — He  commenced 
his  classical  studies  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1771 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1805  to 
809.  He  died  in  1815. 

Barkesdale,  William. — Born  in 
Rutherford  County,  Tennessee,  August 
21,  1821,  and  pursued  a  partial  course 
of  studies  at  the  Nashville  University. 
He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  held  a 
commission  in  the  staff  of  the  2d  Mis 
sissippi  Regiment,  in  the  Mexican  war, 
in  1847 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Missis 
sippi  Convention  called  in  1851  to  dis 
cuss  the  Compromise  measures  of  1850 ; 
and  was  elected  Representative,  from 
Mississippi,  in  the  Thirty -third,  Thirty- 
fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth 
Congresses  ;  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  Joined 
the  Great  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Barlow,  Stephen. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 


sylvania,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Agricul 
ture. 

Barnard,  D.  D. — He  was  born  in 

Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts;  gra 
duated  at  Williams  College  in  1818; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  in  New  York,  in  1821  ;  in  1826  was 
elected  District  Attorney  for  the  County 
of  Monroe,  New  York ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1839  to  1845.  In  1850  he  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  Prussia.  He  has 
devoted  much  attention  to  literary  pur 
suits,  and  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  the  colleges  of  Ge 
neva  and  New  York.  Of  late  years 
he  devoted  himself  to  the  publication  of 
a  work  called  "A  Journal  of  Educa 
tion."  Died  at  Albany  in  April,  1861. 

Barnard,  Isaac  D. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1827  to  1831,  and  died  at  West 
Chester,  Pennsylvania,  February,  1834. 

Barnett,  William. — He  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1812  to  1815,  when  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners 
to  run  the  Creek  boundary  line. 

Barney,  John. — He  was  a  son  of 

Commodore  Joshua  Barney,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1825  to  1827.  He  died  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  January  26,  1857, 
aged  seventy-two  years.  He  was  known 
in  Washington  society  for  many  years 
as  an  agreeable  gentleman  ;  and  he  left 
behind  him  an  unfinished  record  of ' '  Per 
sonal  RecoHections  of  Men  and  Things," 
both  in  this  country  and  Europe. 

Barnitz?  Charles  A. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  at 
York,  in  that  State,  in  March,  1850. 

Barnwell,  Robert. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1791  to  1793. 

Barnwell,  JR.  W. — He  was  born  in 
South  Carolina ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1821 ;  studied  law  arid 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1829  to  1833  ;  was 
President  of  the  South  Carolina  College 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


29 


from  1835  to  1843,  and  was  a  Seiiator  in 
Congress  in  1850.  In  December,  1860, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  to  visit  "Washington  in  behalf  of 
South  Carolina,  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "Confederate"  Congress. 

Barr,  Thomas  «7. — Born  in  New 
York  City  in  1812  ;  commenced  life  by 
devoting  himself  to  a  variety  of  pur 
suits  ;  from  1835  to  1842  he  held  the  po 
sition  of  a  landlord  in  New  Jersey  ;  in 
1849  and  1850  he  was  an  Assistant  Al 
derman  in  the  City  Councils  of  New 
York  ;  in  1853  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  ;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second 
session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenses  in  the  State  Department. 

Barrere,  Nelson. — He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Barrett,  J.  Richard. — Born  in 
Kentucky,  and  removing  to  Missouri, 
was  elected  a  Eepresentative  from  that 
State  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress^  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands. 

Barringer,  Daniel  L. — Born  in 

Mecklenburg  County,  North  Carolina, 
October  1,  1788;  had  a  good  classical 
education ;  studied  law,  and  practised 
with  success  in  Wake  County ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina  in 
1813,  and  again  from  1819  to  1822 ;  and 
was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
1826  to  1835.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  of  that 
State.  He  died  October  16,  1852. 

Barringer,  Daniel  Moreau. — 

Was  born  in  Cabarras  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina  in  1826 ;  he  se 
lected  the  law  as  a  profession,  having 
commenced  to  practise  in  1829.  In  that 
year  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  in  which  position  he 
continued  for  a  number  of  years.  In 
1835  he  was  a  member  of  a  Convention 
to  amend  the  State  Constitution.  He 
was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1849,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Taylor  Minister  to  Spain,  and 


continued  in  that  mission  by  President 
Fillmore.  On  resigning  his  position  as 
Minister,  after  serving  four  years,  he 
travelled  extensively  in  Europe,  and,  on 
his  return  home,  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  in  1855,  having  de 
clined  a  re-election,  retired  to  private 
life,  devoting  himself  to  literary  studies 
and  pursuits.  He  was  also  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Barroiv,  Alexander. — Born  in 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  in  1801,  where> 
after  completing  his  education,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar ;  he  soon  after  re 
moved  to  Louisiana,  gave  up  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  and  turned  his  attention  to 
planting.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Louisiana,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1847. 
Died  December  29,  1846. 

Barrow,  Washington* — He  is  a 

native  of  Tennessee ;  a  lawyer  by  edu 
cation  and  profession  ;  was  a  Eepresen 
tative  in  Congress;  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849,  serving  on  the  Committee 
for  the  District  of  Columbia ;  and  in 
1841  was  appointed  American  Charg£ 
d'Affaires  to  Portugal. 

Barry 9  William  S. — He  was  born 
in  Mississippi,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Barry,  William  T. — He  was  born 
in  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  March  18, 
1780;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  from  1814  to  1816j"hav- 
ing  previously  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  as  Speaker,  and  during  the  years 
1810  and  1811,  been  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress  from  the  same  State.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  President  Jackson's 
cabinet,  as  Postmaster-G-eneral  (the 
first,  as  such,  admitted  to  that  honor), 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  Liverpool,  England,  August 
30,  1835,  he  was  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  of  the  United  States  to  Spain. 

Barstow,     Gamaliel    H.  —  He 

served  three  years  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  four  years  in  the  State  Se 
nate,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Barstow,  Gideon. — A  native  of 
Massachusetts ;  was  a  member  of  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State, 


30 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1823.  He  died  in  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  where  he  had  gone  for  his 
health,  March  26,  1852,  aged  sixty-nine 
years. 

Bartlett,  Bailey. — Be  was  Sheriff 
of  Essex  County,  Massachusetts,  for 
many  years,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1797  to  1801. 

Bartlett,  Ichabod.—He  was  born 
in  Salisbury,  Hillsborough  County,  New 
Hampshire",  in  1786;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1808;  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  Portsmouth,  where  he  was  em 
inently  successful  in  his  profession,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1829,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs.  He  was  also  frequently 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  a  member 
of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution.  He  died  in  Portsmouth, 
October  19,  1853. 

Bartlett,  Josiah. — Born  in  New 

Hampshire  in  1768,  and  died  at  Strat- 
ham,  in  that  State,  April  14,  1838.  He 
was  a  physician  of  extensive  practice, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1811  to  1813. 
His  father,  bearing  the  same  name,  was 
a  man  of  note,  and  the  first  Governor 
of  New  Hampshire  after  the  adoption 
of  the  Federal  Constitution. 

Bartlett,  Thomas,  Jr.— He  was 

born  in  Vermont;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853.  He  served  three  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  both  houses ;  was 
County  Attorney  in  1839  and  1841 ;  and 
President  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1850. 

Bartley,    Mordecai.  —  He    was 

born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1823  to  1831,  and  Go 
vernor  of  Ohio,  from  1844  to  1846. 

Barton,  David. — He  was  one  of 

the  first  emigrants  to  the  Territory  of 
Missouri;  President  of  the  Convention 
which  met  to  form  a  State  Constitution, 
in  1820 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Missouri,  from  1821  to  1831,  and  a  man 
of  distinguished  talents.  Died  near 
Boonville,  Missouri,  September  28, 1837. 


Barton,  Richard   W. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843.  He  also  served  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Valley  Agricultural 
Society.  Died  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  March  15,  1859. 

Barton,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  served  three  years  in  the 
Assembly  of  that  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1837. 

Basset  .Richard. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  from  Delaware  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Constitution,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  its  adoption 
until  1793.  He  was  also  a  Justice  of  the 
Federal  Supreme  Court;  Governor  of. 
Delaware,  from  1798  to  1801;  and  died 
in  September,  1815. 

Bassett,  Bunvell. — He  was  born 
in  New  Kent  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1805  to  1813,  from  1815 
to  1819,  and  from  1821  to  1831. 

Bateman,   Ephraim. — He    was 

born  in  Cumberland,  New  Jersey ;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1826  to  1829;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and 
Enrolled  Bills ;  having  previously  been 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1815  to  1823 ;  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Post-office  and  Accounts. 
Died  January  21,  1829. 

Bates,  Edward.— Was  born  Sep 
tember  4,  1793,  at  Belmont,  Goochland 
County,  Virginia.  His  education  was 
commenced  by  his  father,  and  succeeded 
by  several  years  of  academic  instruction, 
mostly  at  Charlotte  Hall,  Maryland, 
and  finished  by  an  accomplished  private 
tutor.  In  early  youth  he  declined  a 
midshipman's  warrant,  and  served  in 
1813,  at  Norfolk,  in  the  Virginia  Mili 
tia,  from  February  to  October.  In 
1814  he  migrated  to  St.  Louis,  there 
studied  law,  and  began  to  practise  in 
1816.  In  1818  he  was  appointed  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  that  Circuit;  in 
1820  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention,  and  was  the  same 
year  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
new  State  of  Missouri.  He  resigned 
that  office  in  1822,  and  was  elected  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


31 


the  lower  branch  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture.  In  1824  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Monroe  United  States  Attor 
ney  for  the  Missouri  District;  in  1826 
resigned,  and  was  elected  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress  from  Missouri,  serving 
from  1827  to  1829.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  in  1884 
again  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Legis 
lature.  In  1835,  being  enfeebled  by  se 
dentary  labor,  he  moved  to  the  country, 
and  practised  law  for  seven  years,  tra 
velling  much  on  horseback  around  the 
prairies.  In  1842  he  returned  to  St. 
Louis;  and  in  1850 he  was  appointed  by 
President  Fillmore  Secretary  of  War, 
but  declined  the  office.  In  1853  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  St.  Louis  Land 
Court,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1856. 
During  that  year  he  presided  at  the 
Whig  Convention  of  Baltimore,  and  in 
1858  received  from  Harvard  University 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  1861  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  in  President 
Lincoln's  Cabinet. 

Bates,  Isaac  C. — Born  at  Gran- 
ville,  Massachusetts,  in  1780,  and  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1802.  He 
studied  law  and  attained  a  high  position 
as  an  advocate.  He  was  frequently  in 
the  State  Legislature  and  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council;  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1833,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1841  to  1845;  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Pensions.  He  died  in 
Washington  City,  March  16,  1845. 

Bates,  James. — He  was  bred  a 
physician;  for  some  years  connected 
with  the  Insane  Hospital  at  Augusta; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Somerset  Countv,  Maine,  from 
1831  to  1833,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post- 
office  Department. 

Bates,  James  TT. — He  was  born 
in  Goochland  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory  of  Arkansas,  from  1820  to 
1823. 

Bates,  Martin  W. — He  was  born 
in  Salisbury,  Litchfield  County,  Con 
necticut,  February  24, 1787 ;  he  received 
a  good  English  education,  and  became 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  having  first 
studied  medicine.  He  removed  to  Dela 
ware,  and  was  several  times  elected  to 


the  Legislature  of  that  State;  and  in 
1850  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  the  State  of  Delaware. 
He  took  his  seat  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  as  a  Senator  from  Delaware,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Baxter,  Portus. — Was  born  in 
Brownington,  Orleans  County,  Ver 
mont;  received  a  liberal  education, 
adopted  the  occupation  of  a  merchant, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Vermont  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con- 

f:ess,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
lections;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  and  served  on  the 
same  Committee,  and  also  on  that  of 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department. 
In  1857  he  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

Bay,    William    V.   N.— He   was 

born  in  New  York,  and  having  become 
a  citizen  of  Missouri,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

Bayard,  James  A. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  in  1767.  After  study 
ing  law  at  Philadelphia,  he  commenced 
the  practice  in  Delaware.  In  1796  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1797  to  1801 ;  when 
he  was  appointed  Minister  to  France. 
In  1804  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  of  which  body  he  con 
tinued  a  member,  till  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Madison,  in  1813,  a  Com 
missioner  to  negotiate  a  peace  with  Great 
Britain.  The  absence  of  the  Emperor 
from  St.  Petersburg  preventing  the 
transaction  of  any  business,  he  pro 
ceeded  to  Holland".  He  lent  his  able 
assistance  in  the  negotiation  of  the  treaty 
of  peace  at  Ghent.  At  Paris,  he  was 
apprised  of  his  appointment  as  Envoy 
to  the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg;  this  he 
declined.  He  tendered,  however,  his 
co-operation  in  forming  a  commercial 
treaty  with  Great  Britain ;  but  an  alarm 
ing  illness  compelled  him  to  return  to 
the  United  States.  He  arrived  in  June, 
and  died  August  6,  1815. 

Bayard,  James  A. — He  has  been 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
ever  since  1851,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  the  Li 
brary  and  on  Public  Grounds.  In  1863 


32 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


he  was  re-elected  for  his  third  term,  but 
resigned  in  January,  1864. 

Bayard,  Richard  H. — He  was 

born  in  Delaware,  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1814,  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Delaware,  from  1836 
to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1845.  He 
was  subsequently  appointed  American 
Minister  to  Belgium. 

Baylies,  Francis. — Born  in  Bris 
tol  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1784  ;  was 
Register  of  Probate  in  Bristol  County, 
Massachusetts,  from  1812  to  1820;  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  from 
1827  to  1832,  and  also  in  1835  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  18^1  to  1827,  and  in  1832 
was  appointed  Charge  d'Aifaires  to 
Buenos  Ayres,  •  and  died  October  28, 
1852.  He  was  the  author  of  "  A  His 
tory  of  the  Plymouth  Colony." 

Baylies,  William. — He  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1760;  was  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  in 
1775 ;  often  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  State  Council ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Comgress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1805  to  1809.  He  died  at  Dighton, 
Massachusetts,  June  17,  1826,  aged 
eighty-two  years. 

Baylies,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  in  1777,  educated  a 
lawyer,  and  held  many  public  offices, 
having  been  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1830  and  1831.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1813  to  1817,  and  from  1833  to 
1835,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Bayley,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Somerset  County,  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative»in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1823. 

Baylor,  R.  E.  B.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Henry.— Born 

in  Accomac  County,  Virginia,  in  1810 ; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1830.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-six,  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Virginia,  and  was  re-elected  for  five 
years  in  succession.  While  a  member 


of  the  Legislature,  he  was  elected  by 
that  body  a  Brigadier-General  of  the 
militia  of  Eastern  Virginia.  He  re 
signed  his  seat,  and  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Superior  Court  of  Law. 
In  1844  he  resigned  his  seat  on  the 
bench,  and  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  from  the  Accomac  Dis 
trict,  and  continued,  by  successive  elec 
tions,  a  member  of  the  House  for  twelve 
years,  until  the  time  of  his  death ; 
during  the  Thirty-first  Congress  offi 
ciating  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means.  He  lived  and 
died  on  the  same  spot  where  his  ances 
tors  from  England  landed  in  1666,  and 
where  they  established  the  family  home. 
He  commanded  the  same  brigade  which 
his  grandfather  had  commanded ;  and 
he  held  the  same  seat  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  his  State  and  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  which  his  father  had 
occupied  before  him.  He  died  June 
22,  1856,  aged  forty-five  years. 

Bayly,  Thomas  M. — Born  in 
Virginia  in  1775  ;  entered  public  life  in 
1798,  and  continued  therein  until  1830; 
served  in  both  branches  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1830 ; 
having  been  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1813  to  1815. 
It  was  said  of  him  that  he  never  lost  an 
election.  Died  in  Accomac  County  in 
1834. 

Beale,  Charles  L. — Born  in  Ca 
naan,  Columbia  County,  New  York, 
March  5,  1824 ;  was  prepared  for  col 
lege  by  a  private  tutor,  and  graduated 
at  Union  College  in  1844 ;  studied  law 
at  Kinderhook,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1849 ;  was  for  several  years  a 
member  of  the  Republican  State  Central 
Committee  of  New  York  ;  and  in  1858 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  from  New  York, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Beale,  James  M.   H.— He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  for  two  other 
terms,  from  1849  to  1853. 

Beale,  R.  L.  T.— Born  at  Hickory 
Hill,  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia, 
May  22,  1819 ;  his  education  was  ob 
tained  chiefly  at  Northumberland  Aca- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


33 


demy,  spending  a  short  time  at  Dickin 
son  College,  Pennsylvania.  In  1836 
he  commenced  the  study  of  law,  and 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  as  a  student  of  that  profession, 
in  1838,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  in 
1839.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia ; 
he  declined  a  re-election  at  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term.  In  1850  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Reform  Convention  of 
Virginia,  and  in  1857  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate. 

Beall,  Rezin. — He  was  an  officer 
in  Wayne's  army,  with  Harrison  and 
Van  Rensselaer ;  occupied  various  pub 
lic  stations  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 
to  1815,  and  died  at  Wooster,  Ohio, 
February  20,  1843,  aged  seventy-three 
years. 

Seaman,  Fernando  €.— He  was 

born  in  Chester,  Windsor  County,  Ver 
mont,  June  28,  1814;  removed  with 
his  father  to  New  York  when  a  boy, 
and  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  fifteen  ; 
received  a  good  English  education  at 
the  Franklin  County  Academy  ;  studied 
law  in  Rochester  ;  removed  to  Michigan 
in  1838,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  ;  was  for  six  years  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  Lenawe  County  ; 
was  Judge  of  Probate  for  four  years, 
and  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Michigan,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals ;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and 
served  on  the  same  Committee,  and 
also  on  that  on  Territories. 

Bean,    Benning   M.  —  He    was 

born  in  New  Hampshire  ;  he  occupied  a 
seat  in  the  Legislature  for  five  years, 
and  was  President  of  the  Senate  in 
1832 ;  was  a  State  Councillor  in  1829  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1837,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Beardsley,    Samuel.  —  He    was 

born  in  Otsego  County,  New  York  ; 
studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  settled  at  Rome,  Oneida  County, 
and  was  District  Attorney  of  the  same  ; 
also  held  the  post  of  Attorney-General 
of  the  State ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Oneida  County,  New 


York,  from  1831  to  1836,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary.  He  also  held  the  offices  of 
State  Senator  in  1823,  and  Asssistant 
Justice  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  State,  and  the  Fede 
ral  appointment  of  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  New  York.  Died  at 
Utica,  New  York,  May  6,  1860. 

Beatty,  John. — He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1769,  and  studied 
medicine  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1793  to 
1795,  having  been  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  from  1783  to 
1785.  He  died  at  Trenton,  April  30, 
1826,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Beatty,  Martin. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Beatty,  William.— He  was  born 
in  Ireland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1837  to  1841. 

Beaumont,   Andrew. — He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  died  at  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pennsylvania,  October  30,  1853. 

Becker,   George  L.— He   was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Min 
nesota  ;  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Bedinger,  George  M. — He  was  an 

officer  in  the  revolutionary  war,  having 
served  as  Adjutant  in  the  expedition 
against  Chillicothe,  in  1779,  and  as  a 
Major  at  the  battle  of  Blue  Licks,  in 
1782 ;  he  was  one  of  the  earliest  emi 
grants  into  the  State  of  Kentucky  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legisla 
ture  in  1792,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1807.  He  spent 
the  close  of  his  life  in  retirement,  and 
died  at  an  advanced  age. 

Bedinger,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  ;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1845  to  1849,  where  he 
was  distinguished  for  his  eloquence  as 
a  debater.  In  1853  he  was  appointed 
Charge*  d'Affalres  to  Denmark,  and 
returned  home  in  the  autumn  of  1858. 


34 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


A  few  weeks  after  his  return  he  partook 
of  a  complimentary  dinner  tendered  to 
him  by  his  fellow-citizens  of  all  parties. 
He  died  of  pneumonia,  at  Shepherds- 
town,  Virginia,  November  26,  1858. 
During  his  residence  in  Denmark,  he 
was  successful  in  bringing  about  the 
treaty  abolishing  the  Sound  Dues. 

Beecher,    Philemon. — Born   in 

New  Haven,  Connecticut ;  he  was  an 
able  lawyer,  and  one  of  the  early  set 
tlers  of  Ohio,  to  which  he  emigrated 
from  Connecticut.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1817  to  1821,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and 
re-elected  from  1823  to  1829.  He  died 
at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  November  30,  1839, 
aged  sixty-four  years. 

Beekman,   Thomas. — He  was  a 

Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Beeson,  Henry  W. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Kepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Belcher,  Hiram. — Born  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine ;    educated    at   Hallowell 
Academy  ;  studied  law  and  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1812  ;  was  for  four  or  five 
years  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con- 
g-ess,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 
ied   May    7,    1857,   aged   sixty-seven 
years. 

Belcher,  Nathan. — Born  in  Gris- 
wold,  Connecticut,  June  23,  1813;  gra 
duated  at  Amherst  College  in  1832; 
studied  law  with  Samuel  Ingham,  of  Es 
sex,  and  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  and 
practised  at  Clinton,  Connecticut,  until 
1841,  when  he  removed  to  New  Lon 
don,  relinquished  the  practice  of  law, 
and  engaged  in  manufacturing.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  Connecticut  in  1846  and 
1847,  and  of  the  State  Senate  in  1850, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Belden,    George    O. — He  was   a 

Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829. 

Belly  Hiram. — He  was  born  in  Ver 


mont,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1852  to  1853. 

Bell,  James. — Born  November  13, 
1804,  in  Francistown,  Hillsborough 
County,  New  Hampshire  ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1822  ;  studied  law, 
and  completed  his  course  at  Litchfield  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1825,  and 
commenced  to  practise  at  Gilmanton  ; 
removed  to  Exeter,  and  thence  to  Gil 
ford  ;  and  for  many  years  held  a  distin 
guished  rank  in  his  profession.  In  1846 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  the  State  in  1850.  He 
was  elected  United  States  Senator,  in 
June,  1855,  for  six  years ;  and  died  in 
Laconia,  New  Hampshire,  May  26, 1857, 
whither  he  had  gone  from  Washington 
to  recruit  his  health. 

Bell,  James  M. — He  w_as  born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1835. 

Bell,  John. — He  was  born  near 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  February  15, 1797. 
He  commenced  his  studies  at  Cumber 
land  College,  now  the  Nashville  Uni 
versity,  and  graduated  at  the  latter  in 
1814 ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1816.  In  1817  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  ;  declined  a 
re-election,  and  devoted  the  next  ten 
years  of  his  life  wholly  to  his  profes 
sion  ;  in  1827  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  and  continued  to 
be  re-elected  until  1841,  ofiaciating  du 
ring  one  term  as  Speaker ;  in  1841  he 
accepted  a  seat  in  President  Harrison's 
cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War,  which  post 
he  resigned  in  five  months  after  the  ac 
cession  of  President  Tyler  ;  in  1847  he 
accepted  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  Tennessee,  but  before  the 
close  of  the  year  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1852,  serving,  from  time  to  time,  as 
chairman  of  important  committees  until 
the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
In  May,  1860,  he  received  from  the  Un 
ion  party  the  nomination  for  President 
of  the  United  States,  but  was  defeated. 

Bell,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1850  to  1851. 

Bell,  Joshua  F. — He  was  born  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


35 


Kentucky,  and  elected  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and 
declined  a  re-election.  He  is  a  lawyer, 
and  distinguished  in  the  West  as  an 
orator.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Convention  of  1861. 

Bell,  Peter  H. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Texas,  from  1853  to 
1857.  He  was  also  Governor  of  that 
State  from  1849  to  1853,  and  subse 
quently  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
that  State. 

Bell9  Samuel.— Born  in  1769,  and 
died  at  Chester,  New  Hampshire,  De 
cember  23,  1850.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  College  in  1793  ;  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire, 
from  1816  to  1819;  Governor  of  the 
State,  from  1819  to  1823  ;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1835,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Fo 
reign  Affairs  and  Claims,  and  officia 
ting  as  Chairman  of  the  latter  during 
the  Twenty-third  Congress. 

Bellinger,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Belsw,  James  E. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Kepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from 
1845  to  1847.  Died  at  Montgomery, 
Alabama,  January  16,  1859. 

Benjamin,  Judah'P.—W&z    a 

Presidential  Elector  in  1849;  he  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
to  serve  from  1853  to  1859,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary  and  on 
Commerce.  In  1859  was  re-elected  for 
a  term  of  six  years.  He  is  of  Hebrew 
descent.  He  became  identified  with  the 
Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  Attorney- 
General  of  the  so-called  "Southern  Con 
federacy." 

Bennet,  Benjamin.  —  Born  in 
1762  ;  was  a  Baptist  minister,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1815  to  1819.  He  died  at 
Middletown,  New  Jersey,  October  8, 
1840. 


Bennet,  Henri/. — He  was  born  in 

New  Lisbon,  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
September  29,  1808 ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832 ;  and 
having  been  elected  to  Congress  as  a 
Kepresentative  from  that  State  in  1848, 
has  continued  to  be  re-elected  until  the 
present  time,  so  that  at  the  end  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  he  will  have  served 
in  that  capacity  continuously,  the  pe 
riod  of  ten  years.  During  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and  re 
ported  a  number  of  important  bills  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Western  States,  and 
during  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  same  com 
mittee. 

Bennett,  Hiram  P. — Was  born 

in  Carthage,  Maine,  September  2,  1826; 
received  a  common  school  education  in 
Ohio  ;  in  1852  he  was  elected  to  a  Judge- 
ship  in  Western  Iowa ;  moved  to  Ne 
braska  Territory  in  1854,  and  was  at 
once  elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Council;  in  1858  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Nebraska  Legislature,  and  made 
Speaker  of  the  House ;  removed  to  Co 
lorado  Territory  in  1859,  and  was  chosen 
a  Delegate  thertffFom  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress ;  and  in  1862  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Bennett,  H.  S. — Born  in  William 
son  County,  Tennessee,  March  7,  1807  ; 
received  a  limited  education  ;  studied 
law,  and  began  to  practise  in  1830,  when 
he  removed  to  Mississippi,  where  he 
held  the  office  of  Circuit  Judge  for  eight 
years,  and  of  which  State  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  during  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  Of  late  years 
he  has  been  devoted  to  planting. 

Benson,  Egbert. — He  was  eminent 
as  a  statesman  and  jurist,  and  died  at 
Jamaica,  New  York,  in  August,  1833, 
in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1789  to  1793, 
taking  an  active  part  in  its  deliberations. 
He  had  previously  served  as  a  delegate 
in  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784 
to  1788.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Colum 
bia  College  in  1765,  and  received  liter 
ary  honors  from  Harvard  University  in 
1808,  and  from  Dartmouth  in  1811. 

Benson,  Samuel  JP. — He  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Winthrop,  Maine  ;  gra- 


36 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


duated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1825; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1834 
and  1836 ;  Secretary  of  State  in  1838 
and  1841 ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  in  1853, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  when  he  served  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 
He  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  overseers 
of  Bowdoin  College. 

Benton,  diaries  S. — He  was  born 
in  Maine,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1843 
to  1849. 

Benton,'  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1793  to  1798. 

Benton.  Thomas  Hart. — He  was 

born  in  Hillsborough,  North  Carolina, 
March  14,  1782,  and  educated  at  Chapel 
Hill  College.  He  left  that  institution 
without  receiving  a  degree,  and  forth 
with  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
William  and  Mary  College,  Virginia, 
under  Mr.  St.  George  Tucker.  In  1810 
he  entered  the  United  States  Army,  but 
soon  resigned  his  commission  of  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  in  1811  was  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  the  law.  He  soon  afterwards 
emigrated  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where 
he  connected  himself  with  the  press  as 
the  editor  of  a  newspaper,  the  Missouri 
Argus.  In  1820  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  serving  as 
chairman  of  many  important  commit 
tees,  and  remained  in  that  body  till  the 
session  of  1851,  at  which  time  he  failed 
of  re-election.  As  Missouri  was  not  ad 
mitted  into  the  Union  till  August  10, 
1821,  more  than  a  year  of  Mr.  Benton's 
first  term  of  service  expired  before  he 
took  his  seat.  He  occupied  himself  dur 
ing  this  interval  before  taking  his  seat 
in  Congress  in  acquiring  a  knowledge 
of  the  language  and  literature  of  Spain. 
Immediately  after  he  appeared  in  the 
Senate  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
deliberations  of  that  body,  and  rapidly 
rose  to  eminence  and  distinction.  Few 
public  measures  were  discussed  between 
the  years  1821  and  1851  that  he  did  not 
participate  in  largely,  and  the  influence 
he  wielded  was  always  felt  and  confessed 
by  the  country.  He  was  one  of  the  chief 
props  and  supporters  of  the  administra 
tions  of  Presidents  Jackson  and  Van 


Buren.  The  people  of  Missouri  long 
clung  to  him  as  their  apostle  and  leader, 
and  it  required  persevering  effort  to  de 
feat  him.  But  he  had  served  them  du 
ring  the  entire  period  of  thirty  years 
without  interruption,  and  others,  who 
aspired  to  honors  he  enjoyed,  became 
impatient  for  an  opportunity  to  sup 
plant  him.  His  defeat  was  the  conse 
quence.  Colonel  Benton  was  distin 
guished  for  his  learning,  iron  will,  prac 
tical  mind,  and  strong  memory.  As  a 
public  speaker  he  was  not  interesting  or 
calculated  to  produce  an  effect  on  the 
passions  of  an  audience,  but  his  speeches 
were  read  with  avidity,  always  produc 
ing  a  decided  influence.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-third 
Congress  for  the  District  of  St.  Louis, 
and  on  his  retirement  from  public  life  • 
devoted  himself  to  the  preparation  of  a 
valuable  register  of  the  debates  in  Con 
gress,  upon  which  he  labored  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Washington, 
on  the  10th  of  April,  1858,  of  cancer  in 
the  stomach. 

Bergen,  John  T. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Bernhisel,  John  M.— Born  in 
Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
June  23,  1799;  graduated  in  the  Medi 
cal  Department  of  Pennsylvania  Uni 
versity  ;  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine ;  and  was  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Utah.  Re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  and  Thirty-seventh  Congresses.^ 

Berrien,  John  McP.— Born  in 
New  Jersey,  August  23,  1781,  but  when 
a  child  removed  with  his  father  to  Geor 
gia.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  his 
fifteenth  year,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1799.  In  1809  he  was  elected 
Solicitor-General,  and  the  next  year 
Judge  of  the  Eastern  Circuit.  During 
the  war  of  1812  he  had  command  of  a 
regiment  of  volunteer  cavalry.  He 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  for  seve 
ral  years.  In  1824  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1829,  when  he  took  a  seat 
in  the  cabinet  of  President  Jackson  as 
Attorney-General.  For  a  while  after 
wards  he  held  various  positions  of  re 
sponsibility  in  Georgia,  and  in  1840  was 
again  elected  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate  for  six  years,  taking  an  active  part 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


37 


in  all  leading  measures,  and  officiating 
most  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Georgia,  and  in  1847  was  once 
more  elected  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  resigning  his  seat  in  May,  1852. 
On  his  return  to  Georgia,  he  still  con 
tinued,  in  various  ways,  to  promote  the 
public  good,  and  he  died  at  Savannah, 
January  1,  1856,  universally  lamented. 
He  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  best, 
most  distinguished,  and  high-minded 
statesmen  of  the  country. 

Bethune,  Laughlin. — A  native 
of  North  Carolina,  for  several  years  a 
Senator  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
from  1831  to  1833  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Cumberland  County, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections. 

Betton,  Silas. — He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1787;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1803  to  1807 ;  held  the 
office  of  Sheriff  of  Rockingham  County 
for  several  years ;  and  died  at  Salem, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1822,  aged  fifty- 
eight  years. 

Setts ,  Samuel  JB. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Betts,  Thaddeus. — He  was  born 
in  Nor  walk,  Connecticut;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1807,  and  acquired 
great  distinction  as  a  lawyer.  He  was 
at  one  time  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Connecticut,  and  an  influential  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  from  1839 
to  the  date  of  his  death,  April  7,  1840. 
He  was  greatly  respected  for  his  talents 
and  character. 

Bibb,  George  3JT. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1772;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1792;  studied  law  and 
settled  in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  Justice 
and  twice  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals  of  Kentucky ;  was  in  the  State 
Senate  two  years ;  held  the  position  of 
Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  Chancery; 
was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
President  Tyler;  afterwards  practised 
his  profession  in  the  City  of  "Washing 
ton,  and  acted  as  an  assistant  in  the 
office  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States.  His  services  in  Con 


gress  were  rendered  as  a  Senator,  from 
1811  to  1814,  and  again  from  1829  to 
1835.  He  died  in  Georgetown,  D.  C., 
April  14,  1859.  One  of  his  marked 
peculiarities  was  a  fondness  for  fishing, 
which  he  practised  with  enthusiasm. 

Bibb,  William  W.— Died  at  his 
residence,  in  Fort  Jackson,  Alabama, 
July  9,  1820,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1806  to  1814,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1813  to  1816 ; 
and  was  appointed  in  1817  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Alabama.  He  was 
elected  first  Governor,  under  the  Con 
stitution  of  that  State,  in  1819.  He  was 
originally  educated  for  the  medical  pro 
fession. 

Bibighaus,  Thomas  M. — Born 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1816;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1851  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Lebanon, 
Pennsylvania,  June  18,  1853. 

Bicknell,  Sennet. — He  was  born 
in  Mansfield,  Connecticut,  in  1803;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1837  to  1839;  having 
been  in  the  Assembly  of  the  State  in 
1812,  and  a  State  Senator  from  1815  to 
1818.  Died  at  Morrisville,  Madison 
County,  in  1863. 

Riddle,  Charles  JoJin. — Born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1819;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  served  as  a 
Captain  of  Voltigeurs,  United  States 
Army,  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and 
was  in  the  actions  of  Contreras,  Churu- 
busco,  Molino  del  Rey,  Chapultepec, 
and  the  taking  of  the  City  of  Mexico, 
having  been  breveted  a  Major  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services.  After 
the  Mexican  war  he  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Philadelphia. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  a  Colonel  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer 
Corps,  and  while  in  the  field  in  Vir 
ginia  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  E.  Joy 
Morris.  Before  quitting  the  field  he 
was  tendered  the  commission  of  Briga 
dier-General,  but  declined  it,  preferring 
to  serve  his  constituents  in  a  civil  capa 
city. 


38 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Biddle,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia ;  was  an  officer  in  the  war 
of  1812,  acquitting  himself  with  bra 
very  ;  held  the  position  of  Paymaster 
in  the  Army ;  also  that  of  Indian  Agent ; 
and  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Michigan,  from  1829 
to  1831,  when  he  was  appointed  Regis- 
ter  of  the  Land  Office,  at  Detroit, 
Michigan.  For  some  years  before  his 
death,  he  had  been  travelling  in  Europe, 
and  died  at  the  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
Virginia,  August  25th,  1859,  aged  about 
seventy  years. 

Biddle,  Richard. — He  was  a  bro 
ther  of  Nicholas  Biddle,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Western 
Pennsylvania,  from  1837  to  1841,  and 
died  at  Pittsburg,  July  7,  1847.  Was 
the  author  of  a  Life  of  Sebastian  Cabot. 

Bidlack,  Benjamin  A. — He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1841  to  1845 ;  and  died 
at  Bogota,  New  G-ranada,  February  29, 
1849,  to  which  country  he  had  been  ap 
pointed  Charge  d'Affaires,  immediately 
after  leaving  Congress. 

Bidivell,  Barnabas. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1785;  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  that  institu 
tion  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1805 
to  1807  ;  from  1801  to  1805  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture,  and  Attorney-General  for  the  State 
from  1807  to  1810.  He  died  in  1833. 

Bigeloiv,  Abijah. — Born  in  West 
minster,  Worcester  County,  Massachu 
setts,  December  5,  1775.  He  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1795;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1798;  was  town  clerk  of  Leominster 
for  five  years ;  served  two  years  as  a 
member  of  the  General  Court  of  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1810  to  1815.  In  1838 
he  was  appointed  a  Master  in  Chancery 
for  Worcester  County;  from  1817  to 
1833,  he  was  Clerk  of  the  County  Court 
of  Worcester ;  at  one  time  treasurer 
and  trustee  of  Leicester  Academy  ;  and 
has  held  the  minor  office  of  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  about  fifty  years. 

Bigelow,  Letvis. — Born  in  Wor 
cester  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1783; 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1821  to  1823; 
was  the  author  of  the  "  Digest  of  the 
first  twelve  volumes  of  Massachusetts 
Reports;"  and,  removing  to  Peoria, 
Illinois,  became  Clerk  of  the  County 
Court  there,  and  died  in  October,  1838. 

Biggs,  Asa. — Born  in  Williams- 
town,  Martin  County,  North  Carolina, 
February  4,  1811.  He  was  educated  at 
an  academy,  served  as  a  merchant's 
clerk,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1831.  In  1835  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  that  State;  in  1840,  1842  and 
1844,  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Twenty-ninth  Congress ;  in  1850  he 
was  one  of  three  Commissioners  ap 
pointed  to  revise  the  statutes  of  the 
State ;  in  1854  he  went  a  second  time 
into  the  State  Senate ;  and  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  1854, 
for  six  years,  but  resigned  May  3,  1858, 
for  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  of  North 
Carolina,  conferred  upon  him  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Finance  and  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims. 

Bigler,  William. — Born  at  Sher- 
mansburg,  Cumberland  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  December,  1814.  He  re 
ceived  a  moderate  school  education, 
and  instead  of  a  college,  graduated  in  a 
printing-office ;  by  his  own  personal 
eiforts,  he  established,  and  for  several 
years  carried  on,  entirely  unaided,  the 
Clearfield  Democrat ;  disposing  of  his 
paper,  he  devoted  himself  for  a  time  to 
mercantile  pursuits  and  politics ;  in 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Con 
vention,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  part  of  the  time  Speaker,  up  to 
1847 ;  in  1851  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  ;  subsequently  became 
President  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie 
Railroad  Company ;  and  in  1855  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads,  and  Engrossed 
Bills.  Was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  in  1864. 

Billinghurst,  Charles.— Be  was 

born  in  Brighton,  Monroe  County, 
New  York,  July  27,  1818 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  and  after  practising 
a  few  years,  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


39 


1847,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first 
Legislature  of  that  State  in  1848 ;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852 ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  from  Wiscon 
sin,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee,  and  was  also 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

Bines,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1814  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1820. 

Bingham,   John    A. — He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1815;  received 
an  academical  education ;  spent  two 
years  in  a  printing-ofiice ;  entered 
Franklin  College,  in  Ohio,  but  his 
health  prevented  him  from  graduating  ; 
he  studied  law  in  Ohio,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1840;  from  1845 
to  1849  he  was  Attorney  for  the  State 
in  Tuscarawas  County  ;  and  in  1854  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  During 
his  first  term,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections,  and  made  a 
report  on  the  Illinois  contested  cases, 
which  was  adopted  by  the  House,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Depart 
ment.  He~~was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Judiciary  Committee  ;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress  ;  and  in  1864, 
was  appointed  a  Judge-Advocate  in  the 
Army.  In  August  of  the  same  year, 
he  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Court 
of  Claims. 

Bint/ham,  Kinsley  S. — He  was 

born  at  Camillus,  Onondaga  County, 
New  York,  December  16,  1808;  re 
ceived  a  fair  academic  education  ;  taught 
school  for  a  time  at  Bennington,  Ver 
mont  ;  spent  three  years  in  the  office  of 
a  lawyer  as  clerk  ;  emigrated  to  Michi- 

fan  in  1833,  and  settled  upon  a  farm ; 
e  was  elected  to  the  Michigan  Legis 
lature  in  1835,  and  was  five  years  a 
member  of  that  body ;  three  years 
elected  Speaker ;  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Michigan,  from 
1849  to  1851,  and  served  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce ;  and  was  elected 
Governor  of  Michigan  in  1854  and  1856. 
He  has  also  held  in  other  years  the 
offices  of  Postmaster,  Supervisor,  Pro 


secuting  Attorney,  Judge  of  Probate, 
and  Brigadier-General  of  Militia.  In 
1859,  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Michigan.  Died  at  Oak 
Grove,  Livingston  County,  Michigan, 
October  5,  1861. 

Bingham,  William. — He  gradu 
ated  at  the  College  of  Philadelphia  in 
1768,  and  he  was  agent  for  this  country 
at  Martinique  during  the  Revolution. 
In  1786  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in 
1795,  serving  until  1801,  and  as  Presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate  during  the 
Fourth  Congress.  He  died  at  Bath, 
England,  February  7,  1804,  aged  fifty- 
two  years. 

Binney,  Horace. — He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  January 
4,  1780  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1797  ;  and  was  educated  a  lawyer. 
He  was  a  Director  of  the  old  United 
States  Bank,  and  one  of  the  trustees  to 
whom  its  affairs  were  intrusted  when  it 
was  wound  up.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  in  1806-7, 
and  declined  a  re-election ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1833  to  1835;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means,  and  again  declined  a  re-election. 
In  1827  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  'con 
ferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  University. 

Bird,  John. — A  native  of  Litch- 
field,  Connecticut;,  afterwards  settled 
in  Troy,  New  York ;  and  was  early  dis 
tinguished  at  the  bar  of  that  State,  and 
in  the  Legislature.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1799  to  1801. 

Birdsall,  Ausburn. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Birdsall,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1837. 

Birdsall,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1837  to  1839. 

Birdseye,    Victory. — He  was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 


40 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


from  1841  to  1843;  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1821 ;  and  a  State  Senator  in  1828  and 
1829,  as  well  as  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  for  three  years. 

Birne,  Andrew. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Ireland,  and  on  becoming  a  citi 
zen  of  Virginia,  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Bishop,  James. — He  was  born  in 
New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1855  to  1857 ;  he  was  bred 
a  merchant,  and  has  served  in  the  Legis- 
ture  of  his  native-State. 

Bishop,  Phanuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1799  to  1807.  From  1787 
to  1791  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate;  and  in  1792,  1793,  1797  and 
1798  a  Representative  in  the  State  Le 
gislature. 

Bishop,    William  D.  —  He    was 

born  in  Bloomfield,  New  Jersey,  Sep 
tember  14,  1827;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1849 ;  studied  law  as  a  pro 
fession,  but  soon  engaged  almost  exclu 
sively  in  railroad  business,  having  for 
several  years  been  President  of  the  Nau- 
gatuck  Railroad  Company.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ma 
nufactures.  In  May,  1859,  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Buchanan  Com 
missioner  of  Patents,  but  resigned  in 
January,  1860. 

Bissell,  William  H.— Born  in 
Hartwick,  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
April  25,  1811.  He  was  self-educated, 
attending  school  in  the  summer,  and 
teaching  school  in  the  winter ;  he  stu 
died  medicinej  and  graduated  in  1834 
at  the  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia  ; 
he  removed  to  Illinois,  and  after  prac 
tising  his  profession  until  1840,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ;  he  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Illinois  ;  after  practising  with  suc 
cess,  he  was,  in  1844,  elected  a  Prose 
cuting  Attorney ;  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  espe 
cially  at  Buena  Vista,  as  captain  of  the 
2d  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Illinois,  from  1849  to  1855 ;  and  in  1856 


he  was  elected  Governor  of  Illinois  for 
four  years,  to  the  duties  of  which  office 
he  devoted  his  undivided  attention. 
Died  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  March  18, 
1860. 

Black,  Edward  J.  —  Born  in 
Beaufort,  South  Carolina,  in  1806.  He 
never  attended  college,  but  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Au 
gusta,  Georgia,  in  1827.  He  commenced 
his  public  life  by  going  into  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  served  for  several 
years,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  in  1838,  re 
maining  there  until  1845.  He  died  in 
Barnwell  District,  South  Carolina,  whi 
ther  he  had  gone  for  change  of  scene,  in 
1849. 

Black,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Black,  James  A. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847.  Died  in  Washing 
ton,  April  5,  1848. 

Black,  John. — He  was  at  one  time 
a  resident  of  Louisiana,  but  removing 
to  Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1832  to  1838,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims  during  the  first  term. 
He  died  in  Winchester,  Virginia,  Au 
gust  29,  1854. 

Blackledge,  William.— Presumed 

to  have  been  the  father  of  the  following. 
He  was  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  served  that  State  as  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1809, 
and  from  1811  to  1813.  Died  at  Spring 
Hill,  Lenoir  County,  North  Carolina, 
October  19,  1828. 

Blackledge,  William  S. — He  was 

born  in  Pitt  County,  North  Carolina ; 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  North  Carolina ;  and  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  from  that  State,  for  the 
term,  from  1821  to  .1823.  Died  in  New- 
bern,  North  Carolina,  March  21,  1857, 
aged  sixty-four. 

Blackmar,  Esbon.—'H.e  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York,  and  a  Representative 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


41 


in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1848 
to  1849  ;  he  also  served  two  years  in  the 
State  Assembly,  from  Wayne  County. 

Blackwell,   Julius    W. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to 
1845. 

Blaine,  James    Gillespie. — He 

was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1830  ;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College  in  1847 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  editor,  and,  having  re 
moved  to  Maine,  edited  the  Kennebec 
Journal  and  Portland  Advertiser  for 
several  years.  He  served  four  years  in 
the  Maine  Legislature,  two  of  which  as 
Speaker  of  the  House ;  and  in  1862  he 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative  from  Maine 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Blair,  Barnard. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York,  and  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Blair,  Francis  P.,  Jr. — Born  in 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  February  19, 
1821,  graduated  at  Princeton  College, 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  was  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  Legislature  in 
1852  and  1854,  and  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims.  Re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs.  He  was  also  a  Colonel  of  vo 
lunteers  in  1861,  and  in  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Major-General  in  the  army, 
and  was  subsequently  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress.  During  the  first 
session  of  that  Congress,  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  House  to  resume  his  position 
in  the  army,  but  by  the  action  of  the 
House,  subsequently,  the  seat  was  as 
signed  to  his  contestant,  Samuel  Knox. 

Blair,  Jacob  B. — Was  born  in 
Parkersburg,  Wood  County,  Virginia, 
April  11,  1821,  studied  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  was  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  Ritchie  County  for  several 
years,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
(Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 


Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  West  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Expenditures,  and  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Blair,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Lancaster,  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1821  to  1822,  and  from 
1829  to  1834.  He  died  at  Washington, 
by  his  own  hand,  March  27,  1834. 

Blair,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1823  to  1837,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs.  Before  entering  Congress,  he 
served  in  both  branches  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  died  at  Jonesborough, 
Tennessee,  in  July,  1863. 

Blair,  Samuel  S. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  and  was  placed  at  the  head  of  that 
committee,  serving  also  on  several  other 
committees. 

Blaisdell,    Daniel. — He    was    a 

State  Councillor  from  1803  to  1808,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1808  to  1811.  Died 
in  1832,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Blake,  Harrison  Cr. — Born  in 
New  Fane,  Windham  CBunty,  Ver 
mont,  March  17,  1818 ;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education,  and  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1830.  Whilst  engaged  as  a 
merchant's  clerk  he  studied  law,  and 
after  devoting  much  of  his  life  to  mer 
cantile  pursuits  he  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law.  He  has  served  four  years 
in  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  State  Senate  in  1848-49; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Accounts.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  Post-office. 

Blake,  John. — He  was  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1805  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1809,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  that  State  in  1819. 

Blake,  Thomas  H. — He  was  born 
in  Calvert  County,  Maryland,  June, 
1792,  and  spent  his  boyhood  in  Wash 
ington  City.  He  served  at  the  battle 
of  Bladeiisburg  in  1814 ;  was  an  early 
emigrant  to  the  State  of  Kentucky,  and 
afterwards  to  Indiana  while  a  Terri 
tory  ;  upon  the  formation  of  the  State 
government,  he  settled  at  Terre  Haute  ; 
there  practised  law,  and  served  on  the 
bench  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  was 
District  Attorney ;  and  subsequently 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He 
was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1827 
to  1829.  Under  President  Tyler's  ad 
ministration,  he  was  Commissioner  of 
the  General  Land  Office,  and,  upon  his 
resignation,  was  appointed  President  of 
the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  Company. 
He  held  this  office  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  having  just  returned  from  Eng 
land,  where,  as  the  financial  agent  of  his 
State,  he  had  made  satisfactory  arrange 
ments  with  its  public  creditors.  He 
died  at  Cincinnati,  while  on  his  return 
from  AYashington,  November  28,  1849. 

Blanchard,  John. — Born  in  the 

County  of  Caledonia,  Vermont,  Septem 
ber  30,  1787.  He  spent  his  boyhood  on 
a  farm ;  prepared  himself  for  college, 
and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1812 ; 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  taught 
school ;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1845 
to  1849.  H*e  died  in  Columbia,  Lan 
caster  County,  March  8,  1849. 

Bland,  Theodoric. — Was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia ;  he  was  bred  a  physi 
cian,  but  upon  the  commencement  of 
the  American  war  he  quitted  the  prac 
tice  for  the  army,  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel,  and  had  the  command  of  a 
regiment  of  dragoons.  In  1779,  he  had 
command  of  the  troops  at  Albemarle 
Barracks,  and  continued  in  that  station 
till  elected  to  a  seat  in  Congress  in  1780. 
He  served  in  that  body  three  years. 
He  was  then  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  Legislature.  He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  the  first  Congress  under 
the  Constitution,  having  voted  for  its 
adoption.  He  died  at  New  York,  June 
1,  1790,  while  attending  a  session  of 


Congress,  aged  forty-eight.  He  was 
the  first  member  of  Congress  whose 
death  was  announced  in  that  body. 

Bledsoe,  Jesse. — He  was  at  one 

time  a  distinguished  advocate  and  jurist 
of  Kentucky,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  1815 ;  he 
was  also  Professor  of  Law  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Transylvania,  and  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky. 
He  died  at  Nacogdoches,  Texas,  June 
30,  1837. 

Bleecker,  Hermanns. — He  was 

born  at  Albany,  New  York,  in  1779, 
and  died  there,  July  19,  1849.  He  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1813,  and,  by  President  Van  Buren, 
was  appointed,  in  1839,  Charg6  d'Af- 
faires  at  the  Hague.  • 

Bliss,  George. — Was  born  in  Je 
richo,  Chittenden  County,  Vermont, 
January  1,  1813;  received  an  academical 
education ;  went  to  Ohio  in  his  twentieth 
year,  and  spent  one  year  in  Granville 
College ;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1841 ;  in  1850  he  was  appointed  Presi 
dent  Judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  Dis 
trict  of  Ohio,  serving  one  year,  or  until 
the  State  Constitution  was  changed ;  in 
1852  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  from 
Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and 
in  1862  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Bliss,  Philemon. — Born  in  Can 
ton,  Connecticut,  July  28,  1814 ;  edu 
cated  at  Fairfield  Academy,  Oneida 
Institute,  and  Hamilton  College,  New 
York ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  was  elected  Presi 
dent  Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Circuit 
Court,  and,  in  1854,  a  Kepresentative 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ma 
nufactures. 

Bloodworth,  Timothy.— He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  in  1790  and  1791,  and  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States,  from  1795  to 
1801.  He  died  August  24,  1814. 

Bloom  field,  Joseph.— Born  in  the 
to wn  of  Woodbridge,  Middlesex  County, 
New  Jersey;  studied  law  until  1775, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


43 


when  he  became  an  active  friend  of  the 
.Revolution  ;  was  afterwards  Attorney- 
G-eneral  for  New  Jersey  ;  Governor  of 
that  State  from  1801  to  1812  ;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Brigadier-General  by  Presi 
dent  Madison  ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1817 
to  1821.  As  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions  he  reported 
the  bill  granting  pensions  to  soldiers  of 
the  Revolutionary  army.  He  resided 
in  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  many  years 
before  his  death. 

Blount,  Thomas.—  B.e  was  born 
in  North  Carolina;  was  a  General  of 
militia.  in  that  State;  and  a  Representa 
tive  from  the  same,  in  the  Twelfth  Con 
gress.  Died  in  Washington,  February 
9,  1812. 

Blount.,  William.  —  He  was  a  De 

legate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in 
1782,  1783,  1786,  and  1787,  from  North 
Carolina  ;  and  was  Governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  south  of  the  Ohio,  having  been 
appointed  to  that  office  in  1790.  In 
1796,  he  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Convention  of  Tennessee.  He  was  elect 
ed,  the  same  year,  by  that  State,  to  a 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  but 
was  expelled  in  1797,  for  having,  as  it 
was  alleged,  instigated  the  Creeks  and 
Cherokees  to  assist  the  British  in  con 
quering  the  Spanish  territories  near  the 
United  States.  While  his  impeachment 
was  being  tried  in  the  United  States 
Senate  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  and  made  President  thereof. 
He  died  at  Knoxville,  March  10,  1810, 
aged  fifty-six  years. 

Blount,   William  G.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1815  to  1819.  Died  May 
21,  1827. 


,  Henry  T.  —  Born  in  South 
ampton  County,  Virginia,  July  15 
1817  ;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830,  and 
graduated  at  the  St.  Louis  University  ; 
devoted  himself  to  the  drug  and  lead 
business  ;  served  four  years  in  the  State 
Senate  ;  in  1861  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln  Minister  to  Vene 
zuela,  which  he  resigned  in  less  than  a 
year,  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means.  He 


was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
"  onvention  of  1864. 

Hoard-man,  Elijah.  —  Born  in 
New  Milford,  Connecticut,  March  7, 
1760,  and  became  a  successful  merchant. 
He  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature,  member  of  the  Council,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1821  to  1823. 
He  died  in  Boardman,  Ohio,  October  8, 
1823. 

Boardman,    William    W.  —  He 

was  born  in  New  Milford,  Connecticut, 
October  10,  1794;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1812 ;  studied  law  at  Litch- 
field  and  Cambridge,  and  practised  with 
success  ;  was  at  one  time  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  ;  for  several  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  Speakej*  of  the  House ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1841  to  1843. 

BocJcee,  Abraham. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1831,  and  again  from  1833  to 
1837  ;  he  subsequently  served  four  years 
in  the  Senate  and  one  year  in  the  As 
sembly  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Bocock,  TJiomas  S. — He  was  born 
in  Buckingham  County,  Virginia,  in 
1815 ;  graduated  at  Hampden  Sidney 
College  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
was  Commonwealth  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Appomattox,  in  1845  and 
1846 ;  for  several  sessions  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  House  of  Delegates ;  and 
has  been  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1847  to  the  present  time,  serving, 
for  some  years,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs.  Took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "Confederate"  Congress. 

Boden,  Alexander. — He  was  born 
in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Bodle,  Charles. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  in  New  York 
City,  in  1836. 

Bokee,  David  A. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  October  6,  1805 ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1849  to  1851,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  ;  and  his 


44 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


last  public  position  was  that  of  Naval 
Officer  of  the  port  of  New  York,  under 
President  Fillmore.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  March  16,  1860 ;  he  was  on  a 
visit  to  that  city  and  was  found  dead  in 
his  room. 

Bond,  Shadrack. — He  was  elected 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Illinois,  from  1811  to  1815 ;  and 
was  the  first  Governor  under  the  State 
Constitution.  In  1814  was  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in  Kaskas- 
kia,  Illinois.  He  died  at  Kaskaskia, 
April  13,  1832. 

Bond,    William  Key. — He   was 

born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland  ; 
emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1812 ;  studied  law 
and  settled  in  the  practice  of  the  profes 
sion  at  Chillicothe,  and  subsequently  at 
Cincinnati ;  was  at  one  time  a  Colonel 
of  militia ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1835  to  1841. 
Died  at  Cincinnati,  February  17,  1864. 

Bonham,  Milledge  L. — He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina ;  graduated  at 
the  College  of  that  State,  in  1834 ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  his  native  State, -serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  but  resigned  in 
December,  1860.  He  was  a  Major-Ge- 
neral  of  militia,  and  served  in  Mexico 
at  the  head  of  a  batallion  of  South  Caro 
lina  troops.  Served  as  a  Major-General 
in  the  Rebel  army  in  1861. 

Boody,  Azariah. — Born  in  New 
York,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress,  but  resigned  in  October,  1853. 

Boone,  Hatliff. — He  was  born  in 
Franklin  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1781,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1825  to  1827, 
and  again,  from  1829  to  1839,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands,  during  the  Twenty-fourth 
Congress.  He  died  in  Louisiana,  No 
vember  20,  1844. 

Booth,  Walter. — Born  in  Wood- 
bridge,  New  Haven  County,  Connecti 
cut,  December  8,  1791,  and  after  receiv 
ing  a  good  school  education  in  New 
Haven,  he  settled  in  the  town  of  Meri- 


den,  where  he  still  resides.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  merchant  and  manufac 
turer,  and  for  eighteen  years  President 
of  the  Meriden  Bank  ;  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  and 
State  Senate  ;  and  in  1834,  was  Asso 
ciate  Judge  of  the  County  Court.  He 
was  Major-General  of  militia,  and 
elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Public  Expenditures.  He  has  since 
been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

Borden,  Nathaniel  B. — He  was 

born  in  Fall  River,  Massachusetts, 
April  15,  1801,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  Fall  River 
District,  in  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839, 
and  again,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Elec 
tions  and  on  Territories.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1831,  1834,  and  1851,  and  a  State  Sena 
tor  from  1845  to  1848. 

Borland,  Charles. — He  was  born 

in  Orange  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly  in  1820 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1821  to 
1823  ;  and  was  again  elected  to  the  As 
sembly  in  1836. 

Borland,  Solon. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia;  was  educated  in  North  Caro 
lina  ;  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as 
a  volunteer  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Arkansas,  from  1848  to 
1853,  and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  Central  America. 
He  also  received,  from  President  Pierce, 
the  appointment  of  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  New  Mexico,  but  declined. 
He  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861 
as  a  Brigadier-General.  Died  in  Texas 
early  in  1864. 

Borst,  Peter  «/. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  County 
of  Schoharie,  New  York,  from  1829  to 
1831,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post- 
office  Department.  Died  at  Middle- 
burg,  New  York,  November  14,  1848. 

Boss,  John  L.— He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Bossier,  Peter  E.—S.Q  was  de 
scended  from  an  old  French  family  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


45 


Louisiana,  and  after  serving  ten  years 
in  the  State  Senate,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Congress, 
and  died  in  Washington  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term,  April  24,  1844. 

Boteler,  Alexander  R. — Born  in 
Shepherdstown,  Jeiferson  County,  Vir 
ginia,  May  16,  1815.  After  going 
through  an  academic  course  of  studies 
in  his  native  town,  he  entered  Prince 
ton  College,  and  graduated  in  1835, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  chiefly 
devoted  to  rural  and  literary  pursuits. 
In  1852  and  1856,  he  was  on  the  Elec 
toral  tickets,  Whig  and  American ;  and 
in  1859  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Virginia,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs.  Resigned  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Botts,  John  M. — Born  in  Dum 
fries,  Prince  William  County,  Vir 
ginia,  September  16,  1802,  but  removed 
with  his  father  to  Fredericksburg,  and 
subsequently  to  Richmond.  In  1811 
he  lost  his  parents,  at  the  conflagration 
of  the  Richmond  theatre,  and  was  sent 
to  a  boarding-school.  At  eighteen  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  practised  for 
six  years,  and  then  retired  to  a  farm  in 
Henrico  County.  He  served  in  the 
Legislature,  from  1833  to  1839,  when 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  and  occupied  that 
position  until  1843 ;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirtieth  Congress,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs.  He  afterwards  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Richmond, 
where  he  now  resides,  having,  since 
1851,  declined  all  nominations  for  public 
office  in  his  State. 

JBouck.  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1831 
to  1833,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Imprisonment  for  Debt. 

Boude,  Tliomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1801  to  1803. 

Boudinot,  Ellas. — Was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  May  2,  1740.  He  studied 
the  law  and  became  eminent  in  that 
profession.  At  an  early  period  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  he  was  appointed 
by  Congress  Commissary-General  of 


prisoners.  In  the  year  1777,  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  Congress,  and  in 
1782  was  made  President  of  that  body. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
he  entered  the  House  of  Representa 
tives,  where  he  continued  for  six  years. 
He  then  succeeded  Rittenhouse  as  Di 
rector  of  the  Mint  of  the  United  States, 
an  office  which  he  resigned  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  and  lived  from  that  time 
at  Burlington,  New  Jersey.  He  de 
voted  himself  earnestly  to  biblical  litera 
ture,  and  being  possessed  of  an  ample 
fortune,  made  munificent  donations  to 
various  charitable  and  theological  insti 
tutions.  The  American  Bible  Society, 
of  which  he  became  President,  was 
particularly  an  object  of  his  bounty. 
He  died  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey, 
October  24,  1821. 

Rouldin,  James  W. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1833  to  1839. 

Bouldin,    Thomas    T. — He   was 

born  in  Virginia  ;  spent  his  youth  in 
farming  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  reached  a  high  judicial  position ; 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1829  to  1833,  and  died  in 
the  Capitol,  at  Washington,  February 
11,  1833.  On  the  day  preceding  his 
death,  he  was  censured  by  a  colleague 
for  omitting  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
House  to  the  death  of  his  predecessor, 
John  Randolph  ;  and  he  had  risen  to 
reply,  when  he  was  seized  with  para 
lysis,  sank  down  into  a  chair,  and  died 
immediately.  Before  entering  Congress, 
he  had  been  a  lawyer  of  high  rank,  and 
an  able  and  upright  judge,  and  highly 
respected  for  his  talents  and  integrity. 

Boulif/ny,  Dominique. — He  was 

born  in  Louisiana ;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1824  to  1829 ;  and 
died  in  1833. 

Bouligny,  John  Edmond. — He 

was  born  in  New  Orleans,  February  5, 
1824,  and  was  of  Creole  descent;  re 
ceived  a  good  education ;  held  several 
offices  of  trust  in  his  native  city ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Louisiana,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 
Of  the  representatives  of  twelve  mil 
lions  of  people,  he  was  the  only  one 
who  refused  to  abandon  his  State  to 
the  leaders  of  the  secession  movement, 


46 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  he  continued  in  Congress  until  the 
close  of  his  term.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  of  consumption,  February  20, 
1864.  Dominique  Bouligny,  formerly 
a  Senator  from  Louisiana,  was  his  uncle. 

Bourne,  Benjamin. — lie  was   a 

native  of  Bristol,  Rhode  Island,  and 
was  born  about  the  year  1755,  and 
educated  at  Harvard  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1775.  He  was  conspicu 
ous  for  talents  and  learning,  and  spent 
a  large  part  of  his  life  in  public  and 
honorable  employments.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ehode 
Island,  from  1790  to  1796,  when  lie  re 
signed,  and  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  died  September  17,  1808. 

Bourne,  Shearjasub. — He  was  a 

graduate  of  Harvard  College  in  1764; 
was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  for  Suffolk  County,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1791  to  1795.  He  died  in 
1806. 

Boiitivell,    George   S.  —  He   was 

born  in  Brookline,  Norfolk  County, 
Massachusetts,  January  28, 1818.  When 
a  boy  he  had  some  experience  in  farm 
ing;  was  in  the  mercantile  business  as 
apprentice,  clerk,  and  proprietor  for 
twenty  years ;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1836 ;  served  seven  years  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  between 
the  years  1842  and  1850 ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1853,  and  also  of  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861 ;  was  a  Bank 
Commissioner  in  1849  and  1850;  was 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1851  and 
1852;  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
Board  of  Education  for  eleven  years; 
member  for  six  years  of  the  Board  of 
Overseers  of  Harvard  College ;  and 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  from 
July,  1862,  to  March,  1863.  In  1862 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Massachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Bovee,  Matthew  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1837,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  War  Depart 
ment. 


Bowden,  Lemuel  J. — Was  born 
in  the  North  Neck  of  Virginia  in  1812; 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
served  three  sessions  in  the  Virginia 
Legislature;  was  a'member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  amending  the  State  Consti 
tution  in  1849 ;  also  of  the  Convention 
for  the  same  purpose  in  1851 ;  suffered 
much,  in  his  estate,  from  the  Rebel  ar 
mies,  during  the  early  part  of  the  Re 
bellion.  While  our  troops  were  at 
Williamsburg,  he  did  much  for  the 
comfort  of  our  officers  and  men;  and 
in  1863  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  but  died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  January  2,  1864.  In  the 
Senate  he  served  on  the  Committees  on 
Pensions  and  Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Bowdon,  Franklin  W. — Born  in 
Alabama,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1846  to  1851,  from  his 
native  State.  In  1852  he  removed  to 
Texas,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  law.  He  died  at  Henderson,  Texas, 
June  6,  1857. 

Boiven,  John  H. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1813  to  1815.  * 

Bower,    Gustavus  B.  —  He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Bowers,  John  M. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1814. 

Boivie,  Richard  I. — He  was  born 
in  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia, 
June  23,  1807.  He  received  a  classical 
education,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  his  nineteenth  year,  and,  subse 
quently,  to  practice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  In  1836 
and  1837  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Maryland;  in  1840  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Harrisburg  Convention, 
called  to  nominate  a  President ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1849  to  1853.  It  is  claimed  by  his 
friends  that  he  made  the  first  speech  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  on  the 
Compromise  measures  of  1850. 

Bowie,     Thomas    F.  —  Bom    at 

Queen  Ann,  Prince  George's  County, 
Maryland,  April  7,  1808 ;  graduated,  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


47 


1837,  at  Union  College,  New  York; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law;  served 
as  Deputy  Attorney-General  for  Prince 
George's  County  sixteen  years;  served 
three  terms  in  the  Legislature  of  Mary 
land,  and  was  elected  a  Eepresen-tative, 
from  Maryland,  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

Bowie,  Walter. — He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1802  to  1805. 

Boivlin,  James  B.—  Born  in 
Spottsylvania  County,  Virginia,  in 
1804.  He  was  reared  a  mechanic,  but 
obtained  a  common  school  education; 
and,  after  studying  law,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  in  Greenbrier  County,  in 
1827.  In  1833  he  removed  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri;  in  1834  was  appointed  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  in  1835  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature.  In.  1837  he  was 
made  District  Attorney  for  St.  Louis; 
soon  after  attorney  for  the  Bank  of  St. 
Louis;  in  1839  he  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Criminal  Court;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1851. 
In  1858  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Commissioner  to  Paraguay. 

Boivne,  Obadiah. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Boivne,   Samuel  S.  —  He   was   a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1834,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Boyce,    William    W.  —  Bom    in 

Charleston,  South  Carolina,  October  24, 
1819,  and  was  educated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  and  Virginia  Univer 
sity.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  South 
Carolina  in  1842,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1853  to  Decem 
ber,  1860,  when  he  resigned.  He  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  as  a  member  of 
the  "Confederate"  Congress.  His  tastes 
are  of  a  literary  character,  and  he  is 
said  to  be  a  hard  student.  "When  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections,  and  at  the  time  of  his 


leaving  Congress,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  famous  Committee  of  Thirty-three. 

Boyd,  Adam. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1803  to  1805,  and  again  from 
1808  to  1813.  He  was  an  active  sup 
porter  of  the  Revolution,  and  a  man  of 
strong  natural  ability.  He  died  in 
Hackensack,  New  Jersey,  at  an  ad 
vanced  age. 

Boyd,  Alexander. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Boyd,  John  H. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853.  He  was  a  member,  in  1840,  of 
the  State  Assembly,  from  Washington 
County. 

Boyd,  Linn. — Was  born  in  Nash 
ville,  Tennessee,  November  22,  1800. 
His  early  advantages  were  limited,  but 
on  arriving  at  man's  estate  he  removed 
to  Kentucky,  entered  into  politics,  and 
in  1827  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  that  State,  from  Calloway  County, 
serving  three  sessions,  and  in  1831  was 
re-elected  for  another  session,  from 
Trigg  County.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1835  to  1837,  from  1839  to  1847,  and 
again  from  1847  to  1855.  He  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Territories 
during  the  Thirty-first  Congress;  and 
during  his  last  term  in  Congress  occu 
pied  the  chair  of  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  He  also  served  one 
term  as  Lieutenant-Governor  tff  Ken 
tucky.  During  his  career  in  Congress 
he  labored  faithfully  and  constantly  for 
his  constituents,  and  retired  to  private 
life  with  a  high  reputation.  Died  in 
Paducah,  Kentucky,  December  16, 1859. 

Boyd,  Sempronius  H. — He  was 

born  in  Williamson  County,  Tennessee, 
May  28,  1828  ;  received  a  good  English 
education ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  in  1861  raised  a  regiment  for  the 
war  and  became  its  commander,  the 
same  having  acquired  reputation  as  "the 
Lyon  legion;"  and  in  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Un 
finished  Business. 


48 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Boy  den,  Nathaniel.  —  Born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Massachusetts,  Au 
gust  16,  1796;  he  graduated  at  Union 
College,  New  York,  in  1820;  in  1821 
removed  to  North  Carolina ;  there  he 
taught  school,  studied  law,  and  was 
elected  a  number  of  times  to  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  in  Congress  as  a 
Representative,  from  1847  to  1849,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department ; 
he  declined  a  re-election,  for  the  purpose 
of  devoting  his  whole  attention  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

Boyle,  John.  —  He  was  horn  in 
Kentucky ,  liberally  educated,  and  a  law 
yer  by  profession.  He  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  also 
Chief  Justice  of  the  State  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1809,  when  he  was  appointed  Governor 
of  Illinois  Territory.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  and  successful  lawyer,  and  able 
judge,  and  died  in  Kentucky,  January 
28,  1834.  During  the  eight  years  im 
mediately  preceding  his  death,  he  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  Kentucky,  having  been  ap 
pointed  by  President  Adams. 

Brabson,  Reese  B.— Born  in  Ten 
nessee,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  Died  in 
Tennessee,  in  September,  1863. 

Brace,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 
in  Harrington,  Connecticut,  November 
12,  1754,  and  died  at  Hartford,  Connec 
ticut,  August*  26,  1837.  He  was  a  gra 
duate  of  Yale  College  in  1779,  and  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  Probate,  Chief  Judge 
of  the  Hartford  County  Court,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1798 
to  1800.  He  was  also  frequently  in  the 
State  Legislature,  at  one  time  State's 
Attorney  for  Hartford  County,  and  for 
nine  years  Mayor  of  Hartford. 

Bradbury,  George.  —  Was  born 
in  Portland,  men  called  Falmouth,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1770.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1789,  and  immedi 
ately  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He 
established  himself  in  the  practice  at 
Portland.  From  1806  to  1810  he  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
also  in  1811  and  1812.  In  1812  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  the  Cumberland  Dis 


trict  in  Congress,  as  successor  to  Wil 
liam  Widgery,  whose  vote  on,  and  sup 
port  of  war  measures,  rendered  him 
unpopular  with  his  constituents.  Mr. 
Bradbury  received  the  approbation  of  a 
second  election  in  1814.  After  this  ser 
vice  he  returned  to  his  profession,  which 
he  pursued  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  took  place  in  Portland,  Novem 
ber  7, 1823,  having  been  Associate  Clerk 
of  a  court  in  Portland  from  1817  to 
1820,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1822. 

Bradbury,  James  W. — He  was 

born  in  Maine,  in  1805 ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1825;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  was  a  County  A ttor ney 
from  1834  to  1838  ;  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1844 ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1847  to  1853,' 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Printing. 

Bradbury,   Theophiltis.  —  Was 

born  in  that  portion  of  Newbury,  now 
Newburyport,  in  1739.  Having  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  at  the  age 
of  eighteen,  he  then  studied  law,  and 

fractised  in  Falmouth,  Maine,  until 
779,  when  he  returned  to  his  native 
town.  After  filling  several  local  offices, 
he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  Essex 
District  in  Congress,  from  1795  to  1797. 
About  six  years  before  his  death,  which 
occurred  September  6,  1803,  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts. 

Bradford,  William. — Was  born 
at  Plymton,  Massachusetts,  November 
4,  1729.  He  studied  medicine,  and  es 
tablished  himself  in  practice  at  Warren, 
Rhode  Island,  but  afterwards  removed 
to  Bristol.  He  then  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  law,  and  became  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  civilians  of  the  State. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  cause  of 
his  country  during  the  Revolution,  and 
afterwards  held  many  important  sta 
tions.  He  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  State,  and  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  1793  to  1797,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate  during  a  part  of  the 
Fifth  Congress.  He  died  July  6,  1808. 

Bradley,  Stephen  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Connecticut,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1 775.  He  was  a  General 
of  rnilitia,  the  intimate  friend  of  General 
Ethan  Allen,  and  the  aid  of  General 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


49 


Wooster  when  that  officer  fell  in  a  skir 
mish  with  the  enemy.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  the  first  Senator  from 
Vermont  in  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  serving  from  1791  to  1795,  and 
from  1801  to  1813  ;  a  man  of  eminent 
ability,  but  of  eccentric  habits ;  and 
died  in  New  Hampshire,  December  16, 
1830,  aged  seventy-six  years.  During 
a  part  of  the  Seventh  and  Tenth  Con 
gresses  he  officiated  as  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate. 

Bradley,    William   C.— Born  at 

Westminster,  Vermont,  March  23, 1782. 
He  entered  Yale  College,  and  was  com 
pelled  to  leave  when  a  freshman,  in  1796, 
and  yet  in  1817,  the  Corporation  of  the 
Institution  surprised  him  with  the  de 
gree  of  M.A.  He  studied  law  with  his 
father,  Stephen  E.  Bradley,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802.  The  pub 
lic  positions  held  by  him  are  as  follows : 
From  1800  to  1803,  Secretary  of  Com 
missioners  of  Bankruptcy ;  from  1804 
to  1811,  State's  Attorney  for  Windham 
County,  and  part  of  this  period  Clerk 
of  Westminster ;  in  1806-7,  Kepresen- 
tative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1812, 
member  of  the  State  Council ;  a  Kepre- 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1815 ; 
from  1817  to  1822,  agent  of  the  United 
States  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent;  again 
in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1827 ;  in  1850 
again  in  the  State  Legislature ;  in  1856 
a  Presidential  Elector ;  in  1857  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion;  and  in  1858  took  formal  leave  of 
the  bar,  at  which  he  had  practised  for 
fifty-four  years,  conferring  honor  upon 
his  native  State  and  winning  a  spotless 
reputation  as  a  man.  He  was  also  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1857. 

Bradshaw,  Samuel  C. — He  was 

born  in  Plumstead  Township,  Bucks 
County, 'Pennsylvania,  June  10,  1809; 
received  a  common  school  education ; 
studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Pennsylvania  Medical  College  in  1833  ; 
and  was  a  Kepresentative,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Brady,  Jasper  E. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  subsequently 
settled  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania. 


Bragg,  John. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from 
1851  to  1853: 

Bragg,  Thomas. — Born  in  War- 
renton,  Warren  County,  North  Caro 
lina,  November  9,  1810 ;  was  chiefly 
educated  at  the  Military  Academy  at 
Middletown,  Connecticut ;  studied  law 
and  commenced  practice  in  1831  ;  in 
1842  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  his 
State ;  in  1853  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  ;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina 
for  two  terms,  from  1855  to  1859 ;  and 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1859,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands 
and  Claims.  Expelled  from  the  Senate 
in  July,  1861,  having  previously  taken 
part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Brainard,  S.— He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  during  the 
session  of  1854-5. 

Branch,  John. — Born  in  Halifax 
County,  North  Carolina,  November  4, 
1782;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1801 ;  studied  and 
practised  law ;  in  1811  was  elected  a 
State  Senator  ;  re-elected  every  year  un 
til  1817;  was  then  elected  Governor  of 
the  State ;  again  entered  the  State  Senate 
in  1822;  served  in  the  United  States 
Senate  from  1823  to  1829 ;  and  was  in 
the  latter  year  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  by  President  Jackson.  On 
his  return  home  from  Washington,  in 
1831,  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  Con 
gress  as  Kepresentative ;  in  1834  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  in 
1835  elected  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  to  revise  the  State  Constitution; 
and  in  1843  was  appointed  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Florida  ;  after  which 
he  retired  to  private  life,  to  enjoy  in 
peace  the  love  and  respect  of  his  many 
friends.  Died  at  Enfield,  North  Caro 
lina,  January  4,  1863. 

Branch,  Lawrence  O.  B. — Born 
in  North  Carolina  in  1820;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1838 ;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  and  was  elected  a  Ke 
presentative,  from  North  Carolina,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth,  and  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Territories,  and  on 
Foreign  Affairs.  He  took  part  in  the 


50 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Great  Rebellion  as  a  General,  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  in 
September,  1862. 

Braudegee,  Augustus. — He  was 

born  in  New  London,  Connecticut,  July 
15,  1828 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1849,  and  at  the  Yale  Law  School  in 
1851 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
was  elected  in  1854, 1858, 1859,  and  1861  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  Legislature, 
having  been  chosen  Speaker  in  the  lat 
ter  year  ;  in  1860  he  was  a  Presidential 
Elector,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Connecticut,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  and 
Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings,  and 
also  as  Chairman  of  a  special  Committee 
on  the  Air-line  Railroad  from  Wash 
ington  to  New  York.  He  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1864. 

Brayton,   William  D. — He  was 

born  in  Warwick,  Kent  County,  Rhode 
Island,  November  6,  1815.  He  was 
educated  at  Brown  University,  and  ill 
health  preventing  him  from  following 
a  sedentary  profession,  he  entered  into 
active  mercantile  pursuits  ;  he  held  the 
position  for  some  time  of  Town  Clerk  ; 
was  elected  in  1841  to  the  State  Assem- 
-bly,  serving  two  terms  ;  after  serving 
for  two  years  in  the  Town  Councils, 
part  of  the  time  as  president,  he  was  in 
1848  elected  to  the  State  Senate  ;  again 
elected  to  the  State  Assembly  in  1851 ; 
elected  a  second  time  to  the  Senate  in 
1855  ;  was  Presidential  Elector  in  1856 ; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Patents,  and 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  on  the  Public  Buildings. 

Breck,  Daniel. — He  was  born  near 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  1788;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1812 ;  he 
studied  law,  and  removing  to  Kentucky 
in  1814,  soon  after  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  there ;  his  first 
public  position  in  Kentucky  was  that  of 
Judge  of  a  county  court ;  in  1824  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  re- 
elected  five  years  ;  from  1835  until  1843 
he  was  President  of  the  Branch  Bank  of 
Kentucky,  at  Richmond  ;  in  1840  he 
was  a  Presidential  Elector ;  in  1843  he 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Kentucky  ;  and  he  was  a  Re 


presentative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures.  The  degree 
of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him,  by 
the  Transylvania  University,  in  1843, 
and  he  has  attained  the  title  of  Colonel 
in  the  militia  service.  After  leaving 
Congress,  he  resumed  the  office  of  bank 
president. 

Brechy  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Boston,  July  17,  1771 ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  September  1,  1862. 

Breckinridge,  James. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1809  to  1817. 

JBreckinridge,    James   D. — He 

was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1821  to 
1823.  He  died  at  Louisville,  May,  1849. 

BrecJcinridge,    John. — Was    a 

Virginian  by  birth,  and  the  author  and 
advocate  of  the  celebrated  "  Resolu 
tions  of  1798-99"  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State.  Emigrating  to  Kentucky, 
he  was  elected  United  States  Senatbr  in 
1801,  and  was  appointed  Attorney-Ge 
neral  of  the  United  States,  by  President 
Jefferson,  in  January,  1805,  holding 
the  office  until  January,  1806.  One  of 
his  sons,  Robert  C.  Breckinridge,  is 
a  distinguished  Presbyterian  divine ; 
another,  John  Cabell  Breckinridge,  was 
an  eminent  lawyer,  and  the  father  of 
Vice-President  Breckinridge.  He  died 
at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  December  14, 
1806. 

Breckinridge  f  John  C. — He  was 

born  near  Lexington,  Kentucky,  Janu 
ary  16, 1821 ;  was  educated  at  Centre  Col 
lege,  Kentucky  ;  spent  a  few  months  at 
Princeton ;  studied  law  at  the  Transyl 
vania  Institute,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Lexington.  He  emigrated 
to  Burlington,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
for  a  time,  but  returned  to  Lexington, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  and  when 
not  engaged  in  public  duties  has  prac 
tised  his  profession  with  success.  He 
served  as  a  Major  of  infantry  during 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  while  in  that 
country,  distinguished  himself  as  the 
counsel  of  Major-Gen  oral  Pillow  during 
the  famous  court-martial.  On  his  re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


51 


turn  from  Mexico,  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  the  Ashland 
District,  from  1851  to  1855.  During 
his  administration,  President  Pierce 
tendered  to  him  the  mission  to  Spain, 
but  family  affairs  compelled  him  to  de 
cline  the  honor.  He  was  elected  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States  in  1856, 
on  the  ticket  with  James  Buchanan,  and 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in 
March,  1857,  as  President  of  the  United 
States  Senate.  In  1861  he  went  into 
the  Senate  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Crit- 
tenden.  In  1860  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Southern  Democratic  party,  as  their 
candidate  for  President,  but  defeated. 
He  took  part  in  the  Great  Rebellion  of 
1861  as  a  General. 


Breese,  Sidney. — He  was  born  in 

Whitesborough,  Oneida  County,  New 
York,  July  15,  1800.  He  attended  Ha 
milton  College,  but  graduated  at  Union 
College.  He  removed  to  Illinois,  and 
after  due  preparation,  and  before  be 
coming  of  age,  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
His  first  public  position  was  that  of  Cap 
tain  of  militia,  after  which  he  became 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State  under  Sec 
retary  Kane,  and  Vas  appointed  Post 
master  of  Kaskaskia.  In  1822  he  was 
appointed  State  Attorney,  which  office 
he  held  until  1827,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney  of  the  United  States 
for  Illinois.  In  1829  he  published  a 
volume  of  Decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  which  now  bears  his  name,  and 
was  the  first  octavo  volume  published 
in  the  State;  he  served  in  the  Black 
Hawk  war  as  a  Lieutenant  of  volunteers. 
In  1835  he  was  elected  a  Circuit  Judge. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Il 
linois,  from  1843  to  1849,  and  officiated 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands;  he  was  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  during  President 
Polk's  administration.  In  1850  he  went 
into  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  Speaker.  He  was  one  of  the  ori 
ginators  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail 
road.  In  1855  he  was  again  placed 
upon  the  Circuit  Court  bench,  and 
having  been  made  Chief  Judge,  still 
holds  the  position. 

Brengle,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845.  Died  December  10,  1846. 


Brent,  Richard. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1795  to  1799,  and  again  from  1801 
to  1803 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1809  to  1814.  He  died  December  30, 
1814. 

Brent,  William  L. — He  was  born 
in  Charles  County,  Maryland,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1823  to  1829.  Died  in 
July,  1848. 

Brenton,  Samuel. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Gallatin  County,  Kentucky ;  was 
a  minister  of  the  Gospel  from  the  age  of 
twenty  until  1848,  when,  stricken  by 
paralysis,  he  resigned,  and  was  appoint 
ed  Register  of  the  Fort  Wayne  Land 
Office.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in 
1851,  and  again  in  1855.  He  was  also 
President  of  the  Fort  Wayne  College. 
He  died  March  29,  1857,  aged  forty- 
eight  years. 

Brevard,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Iredell  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Brewster,  David  P. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Bridges,  George  W. — Was  born 
in  McMinn  County,  Tennessee,  October 
9,  1825;  was  educated  at  the  East  Ten 
nessee  University;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law;  was  Attorney-General  of 
the  State  in  1849  and  in  1854,  holding 
the  office  for  eleven  years ;  held  the  po 
sitions  of  Bank  Attorney  and  Railroad 
Director;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1860;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  in  1861,  to 
serve  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress ; 
but  having  been  arrested  by  the  Con 
federates  during  the  Rebellion,  did  not 
take  his  seat  until  towards  the  close  of 
the  last  session. 

Bridges,  Samuel  A. — He  was  born 
in  Colchester,  Connecticut,  January  27, 
1802;  received  an  academic  education, 
and  graduated  at  Williamstown  College 
in  1826;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1829.  In  1830  he  removed 
to  Pennsylvania;  was  for  seven  years 
Deputy  Attorney-General  of  the  State 
for  Lehigh  County ;  and  he  was  a  Re- 


52 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


preservative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1848  to  1849,  and  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Briggs,  George.— He  was  born  in 
Fulton  Count}-,  New  York,  in  1805, 
but  removed  to  Vermont  in  1813,  to  the 
Legislature  of  which  State  he  was  elected 
in  1837.  In  1838  he  settled  in  the  City 
of  New  York,  and  for  many  years  de 
voted  himself  to  the  hardware  business, 
by  which  he  amassed  a  fortune.  He 
represented  the  City  of  New  York  in 
Congress,  from  1849  to  1853,  and  in 
1858  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Kevolutionary  Claims. 

Briggs,  George  JV. — He  was  born 
in  Adams  or  Andover,  Berkshire  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  April  12,  1796;  com 
menced  life  by  learning  the  trade  of  a 
hatter ;  spent  one  year  in  an  academy ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1818;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1831  to  1843,  officiating 
during  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office;  and  from  1844  to  1851  was 
Governor  of  Massachusetts.  From  1853 
to  1859  he  also  held  the  position  of  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas ;  having 
been  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1853,  and  Register 
of  Deeds  from  1824  to  1831.  Died  in 
1861. 

Brigham,  Elijah.— He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Northborough,  Massachusetts ; 
a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in 
1778;  studied  law  at  Harvard;  was  a 
merchant  by  occupation;  held  many 
positions  of  trust  and  responsibility; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  1816. 
He  died  in  Washington  City,  of  croup, 
April  22,  1816,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.— Born  at  Nor 
wich,  Chenango  County,  New  York, 
December  18,  1812;  received  an  acade 
mic  education,  and  studied  law  as  a 
profession.  He  was  Circuit  Judge  of 
Indiana,  State  Senator,  Marshal  of  the 
United  States  for  the  District  of  In 
diana,  and  Lieutenant-Governor  of  that 
State.  He  was  a  United  States  Senator 
from  1845  to  1857,  and  President  of  the 
Senate  during  several  sessions.  He  was 
elected  for  an  additional  term  in  1857, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 


Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Finance 
and  the  Pacific  Railroad.  Expelled  for 
disloyalty  in  February,  1862. 

BrinJf-erJioff,  Henry  12.— He  was 

born  in  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1788,  and  emigrated  at  an  early 
period  to  New  York.  During  the  last 
war  with  England,  he  served  in  com 
mand  of  a  volunteer  company,  and  dis 
tinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Queenstown.  In  1837  he  removed  to 
Ohio,  and  was  elected  to  Congress,  as 
Representative  from  that  State,  in  1843, 
but  died  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  in  Huron  County,  Ohio,  April 
30,  1844. 

Brinkerhoff,    Jacob.— Re    was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Bristow,  F.  M. — Born  near  Nicho- 
lasville,  Jessamine  County,  Kentucky, 
August  11,  1804;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education ;  studied  law,  but  divided 
his  time  between  that  profession  and 
farming;  in  1831  and  1833  he  was 
elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature; 
in  1846  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1849 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  ;  in  1853  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Presley  Ewing  ;  and 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture.  Died  at  Elkton,  Ken 
tucky,  June  10,  1864. 

Broadhead,  John  C.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1839. 

BrocTtenbrouyh,  William  H. — 

Born  in  1813 ;  he  originally  went  to 
Florida  for  the  benefit  of  his  health, 
which,  during  his  residence  there,  was 
a  continual  depression  upon  his  physical 
and  mental  energies.  He,  however, 
held  no  undistinguished  position  as  a 
citizen,  having  been,  under  the  Territo 
rial  government,  a  Senator  from  the 
Western  District,  and  at  one  time  Presi 
dent  of  the  Senate,  also  United  States 
District  Attorney,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


53 


died  in  Tallahassee,  Florida,  June, 
1850,  of  pulmonary  consumption. 

Brockway,  John  H. — Born  in 
Ellington,  Connecticut ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1820;  he  commenced 
active  life  by  teaching  the  academy  at 
East  Windsor  Hill ;  he  studied  law, 
and  has  been  devoted  to  the  practice  of 
the  profession  ever  since.  He  has  fre 
quently  served  in  the  two  Houses  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1839  to 
1843. 

Broderick,  David  C. — Born  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  of  Irish  parent 
age,  in  December,  1818  ;  when  a  boy  of 
five  years,  removed  to  New  York  City 
with  his  father  ;  during  his  youth  he  was 
apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  stone 
cutter,  which  was  the  trade  of  his  father  ; 
was  for  many  years  foreman  of  a  fire 
engine  company  in  New  York,  during 
which  period  he  was  an  active  politician  ; 
removed  to  California  in  1849,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  business  of  smelting  and 
assaying  gold ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  drafted  the  Consti 
tution  of  that  State ;  served  two  years 
in  the  California  Senate,  and  was  Presi 
dent  of  that  body  in  1851  ;  and  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1856 
for  the  long  term,  taking  his  seat  during 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress.  Died  in  San  Francisco,  Cali 
fornia,  September  16,  1859,  from  a 
wround  received  in  a  duel  fought  with 
David  S.  Terry,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  that  State,  on  the 
13th  of  the  same  month.  He  was  the 
first  member  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate  ever  killed  in  a  duel ;  and  it  is  said 
that  some  of  the  marble  pillars  in  the 
old  Senate  Chamber,  where  he  had  a 
seat,  were  cut  by  his  own  father. 

Brodhead,  John. — He  was  a  min 
ister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
for  forty-four  years,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1829  to  1833.  He  died  at 
New  Market,  New  Hampshire,  April 
7,  1838,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

Brodhead,  JRichard. — He  was  a 

native  of  Pike  County,  Pennsylvania  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1843  to  1849,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1851  to  1857,  from 


Pennsylvania.     Died  at  Easton,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  17,  1863. 

Bronson,  David. — Born  in  Suf- 
field,  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1819;  studied  law  and 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  as  Repre 
sentative,  in  1832  and  1834,  and  as 
Senator  in  1846  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Norridgewock, 
Maine,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands.  From  1850  to  1853,  he  was 
Collector  of  Customs  at  Bath,  Maine ; 
and  from  1854  to  1857,  was  Judge  of 
Probate  for  Sagadahock  County.  Died 
in  Talbot  County,  Maryland,  in  No 
vember,  1863. 

Bronson,  Isaac  H. — Born  in  Rut 
land,  New  York,  October  16,  1802,  and 
died  at  Pilatka,  Florida,  August  13, 1855. 
He  was  educated  for  the  bar,  and  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1822  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1837  to  1839,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Territories, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Ter 
ritorial  Judges  of  Florida,  and  from 
that  time  until  his  death,  he  served 
continually  on  the  bench, — at  the  time 
of  his  death  being  District  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  Northern  Florida. 

Brooke,  Walter. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from 
1852  to  1853. 

Brooks,  David. — Was  born  in 
1736;  entered  the  army  in  1776  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  Pennsylvania  line  ; 
was  captured  at  Fort  Washington,  and 
remained  a  prisoner  for  two  years. 
Upon  being  exchanged,  he  was  pro 
moted  Assistant  Clothier-General  at 
head-quarters, — an  office  of  responsi 
bility,  which  he  so  filled  as  to  secure 
the  friendship  of  Washington.  After 
the  close  of  the  war,  he  removed  to 
New  York,  and  afterwards  settled  in 
Dutchess  County,  representing  each  lo 
cality  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
May,  1797,  to  July,  1797  ;  a  Commis 
sioner  for  making  the  first  treaty  with 
the  Seneca  Indians  (signed  where  the 
city  of  Utica  now  stands),  and  subse 
quently  first  Judge  of  Dutchess  County 
for  sixteen  years.  He  died  at  his  home, 


54 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


where  he  was  universally  esteemed,  in 
August,  1838. 

Brooks.  James. — He  was  born  in 
Portland,  Maine,  November  10,  1810. 
When  only  eleven  years  old  he  became 
a  clerk  in  a  store  ;  when  sixteen  was  a 
school-teacher,  and  at  the  age  of  nearly 
twenty-one,  he  graduated  at  the  Water- 
ville  College.  He  has  been  an  extensive 
traveller,  both  in  this  country  and  Eu 
rope,  and  has  published  a  large  number 
of  letters  descriptive  of  his  tours.  In 
1835  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Maine;  in  1836  he  established  the 
New  York  Daily  Express,  of  which  he 
has  since  been  the  chief  editor  and  pro 
prietor  ;  in  1847  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Legislature,  and 
from  1849  to  1853  he  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  city  of  New 
York,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Public  Lands  ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and 
Post-roads. 

Brooks,  Micah. — He  was  born  in 
Cheshire,  Connecticut,  in  1775 ;  was 
educated  by  his  father,  with  whom  he 
removed  to  Western  New  York,  and 
where  he  taught  school.  He  settled  on 
a  farm,  but  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  1806,  and  for  twenty  years  thereafter 
he  was  a  County  Judge.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1808  and  1809;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1815  to  1817 ;  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1821 ;  and 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1824.  He 
died  in  Livingston  County,  New  York, 
July  7,  1857. 

Brootes,  Preston  8.— He  was  born 
in  Edgefield  District,  South  Carolina, 
in  August,  1819;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1839  ;  studied 
law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843, 
and  was  a  State  Representative  in  1844. 
In  1846  he  raised  a  company  of  volun 
teers,  was  made  Captain,  and  served  in 
the  Palmetto  Kegiment  during  most  of 
the  Mexican  war.  After  the  war  he 
devoted  himself  to  planting.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  1853,  and  again 
in  1855.  In  1856  he  made  a  personal 
assault  upon  Charles  Sumner,  in  the 
United  States  Senate  Chamber,  which 
event  caused  much  excitement  through 
out  the  country.  The  attack  was  caused 


by  words  uttered  in  debate  by  Senator 
Sumner  against  Senator  Butler,  who 
was  Mr.  Brooks's  relative.  Mr.  Brooks 
died  in  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  January  27, 1857,  of  acute  inflamma 
tion  of  the  throat,  leaving  behind  him 
many  warm  personal  friends. 

Broom,  Jacob. — He  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  July  25,  1808; 
received  a  classical  education ;  on  re 
moving  to  Pennsylvania,  was  appoint 
ed,  in  1840,  Deputy  Auditor  of  that  State; 
in  1849  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Or 
phan's  Court  for  the  City  and  County 
of  Philadelphia  ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Broom-all,  John  M. — Was  born 
in  Upper  Chichester,  Delaware  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  19,  181-6 ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  stu 
died  law,  and  has  been  devoted  to  that 
profession ;  has  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  the  State,  and  in  1862  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Accounts,  and  Public  Expenditures. 

BroOme?  James  M.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Dela- 
.ware,  from  1805  to  1807. 

Brown,    Aaron    V.  —  Born    in 

Brunswick  County,  Virginia,  August 
15,  1795.  He  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill 
University  in  1814,  and  in  1815  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Tennessee,  where 
he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law; 
and  when  admitted  to  practice,  became 
a  partner  of  the  late  James  K.  Polk, 
in  Giles  County,  serving  in  the  mean 
time  for  a  number  of  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  Tennessee.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  in  1841  and  1843.  On  his  re 
tirement  from  Congress,  in  1845,  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Tennessee  ;  and  he 
was  at  all  times  considered  one  of  the 
most  faithful  and  industrious  leaders  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  Tennessee. 
His  last  position  was  that  of  Postmaster- 
General  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Bu 
chanan.  Among  the  measures  which 
marked  his  administration  of  our  postal 
affairs  may  be  mentioned  the  establish 
ment  of  a  new  and  shorter  oceanic  com 
munication  to  California,  by  Tehuan- 
tepec,  of  the  great  overland  mail  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


55 


Memphis  and  St.  Louis  to  San  Fran 
cisco,  and  another,  across  the  continent, 
by  the  way  of  Salt  Lake.  His  speeches, 
Congressional  and  political,  were  pub 
lished  at  Nashville,  in  1854,  in  a  hand 
some  volume  of  seven  hundred  pages.  He 
died  in  Washington,  March  8th,  1859. 

Brown,  Albert  G.— He  was  born 
in  Chester  District,  South  Carolina, 
May  31,  1813 ;  taken  to  Mississippi 
when  a  boy ;  adopted  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature  from  1835  to  1839;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mis 
sissippi,  in  1840  and  1841.  He  was  also 
a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Superior  Court, 
in  1852  and  1853 ;  Governor  of  Missis 
sippi,  from  1844  to  1848 ;  was  again 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1848  to  1854 ;  was  elected  a  Uni 
ted  States  Senator,  from  1854  to  1858 ; 
and  re-elected  for  six  years,  commenc 
ing  March  4,  1859,  but  resigned  in  Feb 
ruary,  1861,  to  join  the  Great  Rebellion. 
He  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  that 
of  Enrolled  Bills.  His  collected  speeches 
were  published  in  one  volume  in  1859. 

Brown,  Anson. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  during 
the  years  1839  and  1840,  and  died  at 
Ballston,  New  York,  June  21,  1840, 
much  respected  for  his  character  and 
acquirements. 

Brown,  Bedford. — Born  in  Cas- 
well  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1795 ; 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
of  that  State,  in  1815,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  many  years  ;  and  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1841,  officiating  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture  during 
several  sessions.  He  was  subsequently 
elected  J;o  the  General  Assembly,  and 
at  the  end  of  his  term  retired  to  private 
life. 

Brown,  Benjamin.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1815  to  1817,  having 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1809, 
1811,  and  1812. 

Brown,  B.  Gratz. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 


lege;  settled  in  Missouri,  and  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  Legislature  ; 
from  1850  to  1857  was  editor  of  the  St. 
Louis  Democrat ;  and  in  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Missouri,  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Military 
Affairs  and  on  Indians. 

Brown,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1849. 
He  subsequently  held  the  office  of  Col 
lector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia. 

Brown,  Ellas. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1829  to  1831. 

Brown,  Ethan  A. — He  was  Go 
vernor  of  Ohio,  from  1818  to  1822,  and 
from  1822  to  1825  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Judiciary  Committee. 

Brown,  George  H. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1828 ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  State  Constitu 
tion  of  1844 ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Broivn,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  October,  1766;  studied  law; 
settled  first  in  Mississippi,  at  Natchez  ; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President  Jeffer 
son,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Loui 
siana,  after  its  acquisition.  This  led 
him  to  New  Orleans,  which  became  his 
home.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  District  of  Louisiana, 
and  rose  to  a  high  rank  at  the  bar.  He 
was  chosen  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  served  from  1812  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1824,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions,  and  was  appointed  Minister  Ple 
nipotentiary  to  France.  He  remained 
five  years  abroad,  and  subsequently  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  died  of 
apoplexy,  April  7,  1835. 

Brown,  James  S. — He  was  born 
in  Hampden,  Maine,  February  1,  1824  ; 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1840, 
where  he  studied  law,  and  in  1844  took 
up  his  permanent  residence  in  Milwau 
kee,  Wisconsin.  In  1846  he  was  chosen 


56 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Milwaukee 
County  ;  in  1848  was  elected  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  in  1861  was 
Mayor  of  Milwaukee ;  and  in  1862  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  of  Elections. 

Brown,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1776  ;  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  as  a  member 
of  one  or  two  State  Conventions;  was 
the  first  Associate  Judge,  elected  by  the 
people,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1841  to  1845.  Died  at  Lancaster,  March 
2,  1848. 

Brown,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Is 
land,  from  1799  to  1801. 

Brown,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1809  to  1810. 

Broivn,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Mifflin  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to  1825. 

Brown.  John  W. — He  was  born 
in  Scotland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Orange  County,  New 
York,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Invalid 
Pensions,  Territories,  and  Expendi 
tures  on  Public  Buildings. 

Broivn,  Milton. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  on  taking  up  his  residence  in 
Tennessee,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1847. 

JBrown,  Robert. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1798  to  1815. 

Brown.  Titus. — He  was  born  in 
Cheshire,  New  Hampshire  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1820  to  1825 ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1825  to  1829,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Memorial  of  the  Legislature  of  Ten 
nessee.  In  1842  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  and  made  President,  and 
he  also  held  the  offices  of  Solicitor  of 
Hillsborough  County,  from  1823  to  1825, 


and  from  1829  to  1834,  and  Railroad 
Commissioner.  Died  at  Francistown, 
New  Hampshire, 'January  31,  1849,  aged 
sixty-three  years. 

Brown?    William. — He  was  born 

in  Frederick  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1819  to  1823. 

Brown,    William    G.  —  He    was 

born  in  Preston  County,  Virginia,  Sep 
tember  25,  1801  ;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823 ;  in  1832  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  in  that  capacity  again 
from  1840  to  1843.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1845  to  1849;  in  1850  he  was 'a 
member  of  the  Virginia  State  Conven 
tion  ;  in  1860  a  delegate  to  the  Charles 
ton  Convention,  and  also  to  that  held 
in  Baltimore ;  he  was  also  a  delegate  to 
the  Virginia  Convention  of  1861,  and 
opposed  the  action  of  the  secessionists ; 
and  on  his  return  home  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures  and  the  Militia ;  and  in 
1863  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress  as  a  Representative 
from  "West  Virginia,  and  served  on  the 
Committee  of  Claims. 

Brown.  William  J. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  in  1805.  He  emigrated 
to  Indiana  in  1821,  and  was  at  one  time 
Secretary  of  State  for  Indiana,  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  ;  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851 ;  he 
was  also  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 
under  President  Polk  ;  editor  of  the  In 
diana  Sentinel ;  State  Librarian  of  In 
diana  ;  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
Special  Agent  of  the  Post-Office  Depart 
ment  for  Indiana  and  Illinois.  He  died 
near  Indianapolis,  March  18,  1857. 

Browne,  George  H. — Was  born 
in  Gloucester,  Rhode  Island,  in  1818 ; 
was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early  age,  but 
managing  to  obtain  a  common  school 
education  by  his  own  exertions,  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1840.  He 
studied  law,  but  soon  entering  into  poli 
tics,  was  elected  to  both  the  Charter  and 
Suffrage  Legislatures  of  his  State  in 
1842;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844; 
was  again  elected  to  the  Rhode  Island 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


57 


Legislature,  and  re-elected  until  1852 ; 
during  that  year  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Pierce  United  States  Attor 
ney  for  Rhode  Island  ;  was  reappointed 
by  President  Buchanan,  which  office  he 
held  until  elected  a  Representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Elections.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to 
the  Charleston  and  Baltimore  Conven 
tions,  and  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Browne,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1789  to  1793. 

Browne,  John. — He  was  born  in 
1757,  and  died  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky, 
August  28,  1837.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1792  to  1805,  and  during 
the  first  session  of  the  Eighth  Congress 
officiated  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate. 

Bruce,  Phineas. — He  was  a  gradu 
ate  of  Yale  College  in  1786  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in 
1792,  1793,  1796,  and  1800,  and  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1803  to  1805. 

Brush,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Bruyn,  Andrew  D.  W. — Born 
in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1838,  and  died  at  Ithaca, 
in  July,  1838. 

Bryan.  Guy  M. — Was  born  in 
Missouri,  June  12,  1821 ;  received  a  libe 
ral  education  and  studied  law ;  bore  a 
part  in  the  military  campaign  of  Texas  in 
1836 ;  in  1846  he  went  to  the  Rio  Grande, 
under  General  Taylor ;  in  1847  was 
elected  to  the  Texas  Legislature,  and 
served  in  the  House  and  Senate  seven 
years ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Texas,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture. 

Bryan,  Henry  H.— Born  in  Mar 
tin  County,  North  Carolina,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1819  to  1823,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims.  He  died  in  Montgomery 
County,  of  that  State,  in  May,  1835. 


Bryan,  John  H. — He  was  born  in 
Newbern  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1798;  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  in  1815.  He  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Bryan,  Joseph. — He  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1803  to  1806. 

Bryan,    Joseph    H. — He    was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Bryan,  Nathan. — Born  in  Jones 
County,  North  Carolina,  and  in  1791 
represented  that  county  in  the  House 
of  Commons.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1795  to  1798,  and  died  at 
Philadelphia,  June  4,  during  the  latter 
year.  He  was  a  prominent  man  among 
the  Baptists,  and  a  most  exemplary 
Christian. 

Buchanan,  Andreiv. —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

Buchanan,  James.  —  Born  in 
Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania,  April 
23,  1791.  After  a  regular  course  of 
classical  education  he  studied  and  prac 
tised  law  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 
In  1814  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  re- 
elected  the  next  year.  In  1821  he  en 
tered  Congress  as  a  Representative  from 
the  Lancaster  District,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  1831,  when  he  declined  a 
re-election.  In  1832  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Russia  by  President  Jack 
son,  and  on  his  return  from  that  mis 
sion  in  1834,  he  was  elected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Legislature  to  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States,  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  "William  Wilkins,  who 
had  resigned.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1837,  and  again  in  1843.  In  1845  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  be 
came  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  head 
of  the  cabinet  of  President  Polk.  At 
the  close  of  that  eventful  administra 
tion,  he  retired  to  private  life  at  his  re 
sidence  of  "Wheatland,"  near  Lancas 
ter  ;  but  he  was  summoned  again  to  the 
public  service  in  1853,  when  he  accepted 
the  appointment  from  President  Pierce, 


58 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  the 
Court  of  St.  James.  Having  resigned 
this  office,  he  returned  home  in  1856, 
and  in  the  summer  of  that  year  received 
the  Democratic  nomination  for  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States.  In  the  fol 
lowing  November  he  was  elected  to  that 
position,  and  in  March,  1857,  he  entered 
upon  its  duties. 

Bucher,  John   C. — He   was  for 

many  years  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Pennsylvania;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1831  to 
1833;  and  died  in  Harrisburg,  Pennsyl 
vania,  October  26,  1851. 

Buck,  Daniel. — He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Vermont,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1795  to  1797,  and  died  in  1817. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  Hon.  Daniel 
A.  A.  Buck. 

Buck,  Daniel  Azro  A. — He  was 

born  in  Vermont  in  1789;  graduated  at 
Middlebury  College  in  1807,  and  also  at 
the  West  Point  Military  Academy  in 
1808,  when  he  entered  the  army.  He 
resigned  his  commission  in  1811;  was 
reappointed,  as  a  Captain  in  the  army, 
in  1813,  but  finally  left  the  military  pro 
fession  in  1815.  He  then  established 
himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Chelsea,  Ver 
mont,  and  was  for  fourteen  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  offi 
ciating  about  half  of  that  time  as 
Speaker  of  the  Lower  House.  He  filled 
the  office  of  State  Attorney  for  Orange 
County  for  six  years ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from 
1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1827  to 
1829;  and  was  subsequently  connected 
with  the  Indian  Bureau  of  the  War 
Department  in  Washington,  where  he 
died  December  24,  1841. 

BucJcalew,  Charles  K. — Was  born 
in  Bloomsburg,  Columbia  County,  Pa., 
in  1821 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
served  six  years  as  a  member  of  the 
Senate;  was  appointed  by  President 
Buchanan  Minister  to  Ecuador;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Democratic  Central 
Committee  of  Pennsylvania  in  1857; 
and  was  appointed  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  in  1863,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Post-office  and  on 
Indian  Affairs. 


Buckner,  Alexander. — He  emi 
grated  from  Indiana  to  Missouri  in 
1818;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Constitution  of  that 
State ;  served  several  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Missouri,  from  1831  to 
1833,  and  died  in  May,  1833.  His  term 
would  have  expired  in  1837.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Pensions 
and  on  Engrossed  Bills. 

Bwckner,  Aylett. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Bucjcner,  Hichard  A. — Born  in 
Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  1763;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1823  to  1829,  and  died 
at  his  residence  in  Greensburg,  Ken 
tucky,  December  8,  1847. 

Buel.  Alexander  H. — Born  in 
Fairfield,  Herkimer  County,  New  York ; 
received  a  limited  education ;  was  a  pro 
minent  and  successful  merchant;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1850  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Washington 
City,  January  30,  1853. 

Buel,  Alexander  W. — Born  in 
Rutland  County,  Vermont,  in  1813; 
graduated  at  the  Vermont  University 
in  1831 ;  taught  school  for  several  years 
in  Vermont  and  New  York,  during 
which  period  he  prepared  himself  for 
the- practice  of  the  law.  In  1834  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Michigan ;  in 
1836  was  Attorney  for  the  City  of  De 
troit  ;  in  1837  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  ;  in  1843  and  1844  was  Pro 
secuting  Attorney  for  Wayne  County  ; 
in  1847  was  again  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature ;  and  from  1849  to  1851  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Michi 
gan,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Buffington,    Joseph.  —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative,  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

Bufiinton,  James.— Born  in  Fall 
River,  Massachusetts,  March  16,  1817; 
educated  at  the  Friends  College,  Provi 
dence  ;  served  for  a  time  in  a  factory  at 
Fall  River ;  studied  medicine,  and  went 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


59 


upon  a  whaling  voyage  ;  afterwards  be 
came  a  merchant  by  occupation;  was 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Fall  Kiver  during 
the  years  1854  and  1855 ;  and  was  elected 
a  Kepresentativefrom  Massachusetts  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and.Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Aifairs.  He 
was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Aifairs.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Accounts. 

Suffum,  Joseph,  Jr. — He    was 

born  in  Fitchburg,  Massachusetts  ;  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1806  ; 
and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1819  to 
1821,  and  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment,  and  on  Public  Buildings. 

Bugg,  Robert  M. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Bully  John. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Bullard,  Henri/  Adams. — Born 
in  Groton,  Massachusetts,  September  9, 
1788;  was  educated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  and  graduated  in  1807.  He 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  but  his 
knowledge  of  the  modern  languages 
brought  him  in  contact  with  General 
Toledo,  in  Philadelphia,  who  was  or 
ganizing  an  expedition  to  revolutionize 
New  Mexico.  He  joined  him  as  his  aid 
and  military  secretary,  and  spent  the 
winter  of  1812  with  him  at  Nashville, 
and  accompanied  him  into  New  Mexico 
in  the  spring.  They  were  defeated  in  a 
pitched  battle  by  the  royal  troops  at  San 
Antonio,  and  suffered  severe  hardships, 
but  he  managed  to  reach  Natchitoches, 
and  there  remained  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  to  a  seat  on  the  District 
Court  Bench,  and  performed  its  duties 
for  several  years.  In  1831  was  chosen 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  served 
till  1834;  he  was  then  elevated  to  the 
Supreme  Bench  of  Louisiana,  and  filled 
the  office  until  1846,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  months  in  1839,  when  he  acted 
as  Secretary  of  State.  He  then  removed 


to  New  Orleans.  In  1847  was  appointed 
Professor  of  the  Civil  Law  in  the  Law 
School  of  Louisiana,  and  delivered  two 
courses  of  lectures.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  a  few 
weeks  after  was  chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy 
in  Congress,  occasioned  by  the  resigna'- 
tion  of  C.  M.  Conrad,  and  served  again 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  one 
year.  On  his  return  journey  homeward 
he  was  prostrated  by  fatigue  and  expo 
sure  ;  he  lingered  three  weeks,  and  died 
in  New  Orleans,  April  17,  1851. 

Bulloch,  William  B.— Born  in 
Georgia  in  1776  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  being  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar  as  early  as  1800.  In  1809  he 
was  Mayor  of  Savannah,  and  subse 
quently  Collector  of  that  port.  He  was 
United  States  Senator  in  1813 ;  and  in 
1816  was  chosen  President  of  the  Bank 
of  Georgia,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
founders,  and  held  the  office  twenty- 
seven  years.  He  died  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  March  6,  1852. 

Bullock,  Stephen. — Born  in  Mas 
sachusetts  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Constitution 
of  that  State ;  frequently  served  in  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1797  to  1 799.  He  subsequently 
became  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for 
Bristol  County,  and  served  in  the  State 
Senate  and  as  a  member  of  the  Execu 
tive  Council  of  Massachusetts.  He  died 
in  Massachusetts,  aged  eighty-one  years. 

Buttock,    Wingfield.  —  He    was 

elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  during  the  years  1820 
and  1821.  Died  October  13,  1821,  be 
fore  taking  his  seat. 

Bunch,  Samuel. — Was  born  in 
1786.  He  commanded  a  regiment  in 
the  Indian  war,  under  General  Andrew 
Jackson,  and  in  the  charge  of  the  battle 
of  the  Horseshoe,  was  the  first  or  se 
cond  man  over  the  breastworks  of  the 
enemy.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1833  to 
1837 ;  and  died  in  Granger  County, 
Tennessee,  September  5,  1849. 

Bunnerf  Hudolph. —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  died  at 


60 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Otsego,  July  23,  1837,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

Hunt,  Richard. — He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1809  to  January 
2,  1815,  when  he  died. 

Burch,  tloJin  Chilton. — Born  in 
Boone  County,  Missouri, 'February  1, 
1826 ;  received  a  liberal  education  and 
studied  law ;  held  the  position  of  Mili 
tary  Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Mis 
souri  ;  in  1850  he  emigrated  to  Califor 
nia,  and  turned  his  attention  to  min 
ing  ;  in  1853  he  was  elected  District  At 
torney  for  his  county,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law ;  in  1856  was  returned 
to  the  Assembly,  and  in  1857  to  the 
State  Senate,  where  he  remained  until 
1859,  when  he  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative,  from  California,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Burd,  George. — He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  died  at 
Bedford,  Pennsylvania,  January  13, 
1844,  aged  fifty  years. 

Burges,  Tristam.—BoTn  in  Ply 
mouth  County,  Massachusetts,  February 
26,  1770,  and  died  in  Khode  Island, 
October  13,  1853.  He  graduated  at  the 
Ehode  Island  College ;  studied  law  and 
taught  school  at  the  same  time ;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Providence,  and  acquired  great  influ 
ence  and  distinction  as  an  advocate  ;  in 
1811  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  Khode 
Island ;  occupied  the  Chair  of  Oratory 
in  Brown  University ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1835.  He  acquired  great  reputation  by 
a  parliamentary  contest  with  John  Ran 
dolph,  and  left  behind  him  many  inte 
resting  pamphlets  on  political  and  lite 
rary  subjects.  His  characteristics  as  a 
debater,  were  withering  sarcasm,  com 
bined  with  fervid  eloquence  and  rare 
reasoning  power. 

Burgess,   Demjisy.  —  He  was   a 

member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of 
North  Carolina ;  a  Lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  militia ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1795  to  1798. 

Burke,  Edanus. — He  was  born  in 
Galway,  Ireland,  and  came  to  America 


at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution.  In 
1778  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  South  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1789  to  1791.  He  was  an  earnest  Re 
publican,  and  died  at  Charleston,  March 
30,  1802,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

BurJce,  Edmund.—  Born  in  West 
minster,  Vermont,  January  23,  1809; 
was  educated  by  private  tutors  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1829  ;  and  removed  to  New  Hampshire 
in  1833,  where  he  established,  in  Sulli 
van  County,  the  New  Hampshire  Argus, 
which  he  edited  a  number  of  years.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1839  to  1845,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Library,  and  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Commerce  and  Claims  ;  and,  by 
President  Polk,  was  appointed  Com 
missioner  of  Patents  in  Washington. 

Burleighj    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Rockingham,  New  Hampshire, 
bred  a  lawyer,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Berwick, 
York  County,  Maine,  for  two  terms, 
from  1823  to  1827,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department.  Died  in  July, 
1827. 


Biirlingame,  Anson.—BoTn  in 

New  Berlin,  Chenango  County,  New 
York,  November  14,  1822.  His  youth 
was  spent  on  the  Western  frontiers,  at 
one  time  acting  with  surveying  parties 
and  at  another  participating  in  the  mak 
ing  of  Indian  treaties,  far  beyond  the 
confines  of  civilization.  He  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  education  at  the 
Branch  University  of  Michigan,  but 
removing  to  Massachusetts,  he  entered 
Harvard  University,  where  he  received 
a  degree  in  1846.  He  studied  law  and 
practised  in  Boston.  In  1852  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  in  1853 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for 
revising  the  Constitution  of  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  ;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs.  He  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
same  committee.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Lincoln  Minister 
to  Austria,  and  subsequently  to  China. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


61 


Burnett,  Bar7cer.—He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Nantucket.  When  only  twenty- 
two  years  of  age  he  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  in 
his  native  Commonwealth.  A  few  years 
later,  he  passed  into  the  Senatorial  body, 
where,  in  spite  of  his  youth,  he  became 
a  leading  member.  He  sat  also  in  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  present 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts  ;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Harrisburg  Conven 
tion  of  1840,  and  served  as  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  June  4,  1843,  aged  forty-five 
years. 

X       Burnett,  Jacob.  —  Was  born  in 
Newark,   New  Jersey,  on  the  22d    of 
February,  1770.     He  was  a  graduate  of 
Princeton   College   in   1791 ;    was    ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  Jersey  in  1796,  and  removed 
to  Cincinnati   immediately   thereafter, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his 
death.     During  the  first  twenty  years 
of  that  residence,  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  was 
ranked  among  the  most  distinguished 
members  of  the  bar.     When  the  second 
grade  of  the  Territorial  government  was 
established,  in  1799,  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  which  appointment 
he  held  till  the  establishment  of  the 
State  government  of  Ohio,  in  the  win 
ter  of  1802—3.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
State   Legislature   during   the   war    of 
1812,  and  took  an  active  part  in  sus 
taining  the  measures  proposed  in  that 
body,  to  aid  the  G-eneral  Government  in 
maintaining  the  contest.     In    1821  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  which  commis 
sion   he  resigned   in   December,   1828, 
and  was  immediately  after   elected  to 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resigna 
tion    of  his   friend    General   Harrison, 
serving  until  1831.     In  the  same  year 
he  was  chosen,  by  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  of  Kentucky,  one  of  the  com 
missioners  to  settle  the  matters  in  con 
troversy  between  that    State   and    the 
Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  in  regard 
to  the  complaints  of  the  latter  against 
the  statute  of  limitation.     He  was  the 
first  President  of  the  Astronomical  So 
ciety  of  Cincinnati,  and  still  continued, 
in  1852,  an  active  member  of  that  insti 
tution.     He  was,  for  many  years,  the 


President  of  the  Colonization  Society  of 
Hamilton  County,  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Medical  Col 
lege  of  Ohio,  and  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  Cincinnati  College, 
and,  upon  the  nomination  by  Lafay 
ette,  had  been  elected  a  member  of  the 
French  Academy.  In  1847  he  pub 
lished  a  volume  entitled  "  Notes  on  the 
Early  Settlement  of  the  Northwestern 
Territory,"  which  is  considered  as  con 
taining  much  interesting  information, 
especially  as  to  Ohio,  the  progress  of 
which  he  witnessed  from  a  Territory. 
He  died  at  Cincinnati  in  1853. 

Burnett,  Henry  C.— Born  in  Es 
sex  County,  Virginia,  October  5,  1825  ; 
studied  law  as  a  profession,  and  prac 
tised  in  Kentucky;  was  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Trigg  County,  in  that 
State,  from  1851  to  1853,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congresses.  He  was  Chairman, 
during  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  of  the  Committee  of  In 
quiry  in  regard  to  the  sale  of  Fort 
Snelling,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
and  also  to  the  Thirty-seventh,  but  was 
expelled  for  treasonable  conduct,  in  De 
cember,  1861. 

Burnham,  Alfred  A.— Born  in 
Windham,  Windham  County,  Connec 
ticut,  March  8,  1819 ;  prepared  himself 
for  college,  at  the  Suflield  Literary  In 
stitution;  taught  school  for  a  while,  and 
spent  one  year  at  Washington  College, 
which  he  left  for  want  of  means  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1843 ;  was  elected  to  the  Connecticut 
Legislature  in  1844  and  1845 ;  was  Clerk 
of  the  State  Senate  in  1846 ;  and  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  Judge  of  Probate 
for  the  District  of  Danbury.  In  1850  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1857  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Connecticut ;  in  1858  again  elected  to 
the  Legislature  and  made  Speaker  ;  and 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Connecticut,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents.  Re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Aifairs. 

Burns,  Joseph.— Born  in  Waynes- 
borough,  Augusta  County,  Virginia, 


62 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


March  11,  1800;  was  educated  at  the 
Ohio  Union  Schools ;  was  by  trade  a 
hatter  and  then  a  farmer ;  has  filled  va 
rious  County  and  State  offices ;  and  was 
elected,  from  the  State  of  Ohio,  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post-office 
Department  and  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Burns,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire ;  served  three  years  in 
the  State  Legislature  as  Senator  and 
Representative,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1833  to  1837. 

Burnside,  TJiomas.—Was  an  As 
sociate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1815 
to  1819.  He  died  at  G-ermantown,  Penn 
sylvania,  March  25,  1827. 

Burr,  Aaron. — He  was  born  in 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  February  6,  1756. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1772,  at  the  age  of  sixteen;  in  1775,  in 
his  twentieth  year,  he  joined  the  Ameri 
can  army  under  Washington,  at  Cam 
bridge  ;  accompanied  G-eneral  Arnold  as 
a  private  soldier  in  his  expedition 
against  Quebec  ;  after  his  arrival  there, 
he  acted  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  G-eneral 
Montgomery ;  and  on  his  return,  in 
1776,  General  Washington  invitedhim  to 
join  his  family  at  headquarters.  Some 
circumstances  soon  took  place,  by  which 
he  forever  lost  the  confidence  of  Wash 
ington  ;  and  the  hostility  of  the  former 
to  the  latter,  from  that  time,  was  un 
disguised  and  unmitigated.  In  1777, 
he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  distinguished  himself  as  an  able  and 
brave  ofiicer;  but  in  March,  1779,  he 
was,  on  account  of  the  state  of  his  health, 
compelled  to  resign  his  office,  and  retire 
from  military  life.  He  then  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  law  ;  commenced 
practice  at  Albany,  in  1782,  but  soon 
removed  to  the  city  of  New  York  ;  he 
became  distinguished  in  his  profession  ; 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  New 
York  in  1789;  from  1791  to  1797  he 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  and  bore  a  conspicuous  part  as 
a  leader  of  the  Democratic  or  Republi 
can  party.  At  the  election  of  President 
of  the  United  States  for  the  fourth 
Presidential  term,  Thomas  Jefferson 
and  Aaron  Burr  had  each  seventy-three 


votes,  and  the  choice  was  decided  by 
Congress,  on  the  thirty-sixth  ballot,  in 
favor  of  Jefferson  for  President,  and 
Burr  for  Yice-President.  On  the  12th 
of  July,  1804,  Colonel  Burr  gave  Alex 
ander  Hamilton,  long  his  professional 
rival  and  political  opponent,  a  mortal 
wound  in  a  duel.  He  soon  after  con 
ceived  the  project  of  his  enterprise  in 
the  Western  country  of  the  United 
States  ;  for  which  he  was  at  length  ap 
prehended  and  brought  to  Richmond, 
in  August,  1807,  on  a  charge  of  treason  ; 
and  after  a  long  trial,  was  acquitted. 
He  afterwards  returned  to  the  city  of 
New  York,  practised  law  to  some  ex 
tent,  but  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
life  in  comparative  obscurity  and  neg 
lect.  He  was  of  small  stature,  yet  he 
had  a  lofty  mien,  a  military  air,  a  re 
markably  brilliant  eye,  and  a  striking 
appearance.  He  possessed  distinguished 
talents  and  many  accomplishments. 
He  died  on  Staten  Island,  New  York, 
September  14,  1836. 

BurriU,  James.— He  was  born  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  April  25, 
1772  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University, 
in  1788;  studied  law,  devoted  himself 
to  its  practice,  and  was  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  from 
1797  to  1813  ;  was  a  member  and  Speaker 
of  the  Assembly  in  1814  ;  and  was  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State  in  1816.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in 
1816,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  on  Com 
merce,  on  Manufactures,  and  on  Ac 
counts.  He  died  at  Washington,  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  December 
25,  1820.  He  was  considered  an  able 
scholar  and  a  wise  judge. 

Burroughs,  Silas  M. — He  was 

born  in  New  York ;  served  four  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  New  York, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  died  at 
Medina,  New  York,  June  3,  1860. 

Burrows,  Daniel. — He  was  born 
in  Groton,  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1821  to  1823. 

Burrows,  Lorenzo. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


63 


tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Hurt,  Armistead. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  received  a  liberal 
education,  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1843  to  1853. 
During  a  part  of  the  Thirtieth  Congress 
he  officiated  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Burton,  Hutchins   G. — He  was 

born  in  Granville  County,  North  Caro 
lina  ;  studied  law ;  in  1810  represented 
Mecklenburg  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and,  in  1816,  the  County  of  Halifax; 
was  for  several  years  Attorney-General 
of  the  State.  He  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1819  to  1824, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary  and  Military  Affairs  ;  he 
was  then  elected  Governor  of  North 
Carolina.  He  died  in  Iredell  County, 
April  21,  1836. 

Burivell,  William  B. — He  was  a 

Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1806  to  1821.  Died  Feb 
ruary  16,  1821,  in  Washington  City, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

Busby,  George  H. — He  was  born 
in  Darstown,  Northumberland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  July  10,  1794.  In  1810 
he  removed  with  his  father  to  Ohio, 
where  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the 
cabinet-making  business  and  devoted 
himself  to  farming.  In  1824  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  and  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  subsequently  a  Recorder  of  Deeds 
in  the  County  of  Marion  ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1851 
to  1853,  from  Ohio. 

Butler,  Andrew  Pickens.—He 

was  born  in  Edgefield  District,  South 
Carolina,  November  19,  1796.  He  gra 
duated  at  South  Carolina  College  in 
1817,  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1818,  became  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  when  quite  a  young  man,  and 
was  appointed,  in  1835,  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  General  Sessions  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  which  office  he  held  until 
1847,  when  he  was  appointed  by  the 
executive  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  caused  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  McDuffie.  He  was  subse 
quently  elected  and  re-elected  to  the 


same  position,  and  was  in  this  office  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  his  home,  May  25,  1857.  He  was  a 
statesman  of  distinguished  ability  and 
much  influence,  possessed  an  uncommon 
degree  of  both  mental  .and  physical 
ability,  and  in  every  particular  was  a 
high-toned  gentleman.  He  was  popu 
lar  in  the  Senate,  and  left  behind  him 
many  deeply  attached  friends. 

Sutler,  Chester. — Born  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  March,  1798  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1817 ;  read  law  at  the  Litch- 
field  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1820.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1845  to. 1850,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia  October  5, 1850. 

Sutler,  Ezra. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1813  to  1815,  and  Governor  of  that 
State  during  the  years  1826  and  1827. 
He  died  at  Waterbury,  Vermont,  July 
19,  1838. 

Butler,  Josiah. — Born  in  Rock- 
ingham  County,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1780,  and  died  at  Deerfield,  October  29, 
1854.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1803 ;  studied  law  in  Virginia, 
and  practised  it  in  his  native  State.  He 
was  repeatedly  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature ;  was  a  county  Sheriff,  and 
a  Clerk  of  the  courts.  He  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  in  1817,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1823,  offi 
ciating  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture  during  the  Seventeenth 
Congress.  He  was  then  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  which  he  held  until  the  office  was 
abolished. 

Butler,  fierce. — He  came  of  the 
family  of  the  Dukes  of  Ormond,  in  Ire 
land.  Before  the  Revolution  he  was  a 
Major  in  a  British  regiment  in  Boston, 
but  afterwards  attached  himself  to  the 
republican  institutions  of  America.  In 
1787  he  was  a  Delegate,  from  South 
Carolina,  to  the  old  Congress;  in  1788, 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and,  under  it,  was  one  of  the 
first  Senators  from  South  Carolina,  and 
remained  in  Congress  till  1796.  On  the 
death  of  J.  E.  Calhoun,  in  1802,  he  be- 


64 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


came  again  a  Senator,  but  resigned  in 
1804.  He  was  opposed  to  some  of  the 
measures  of  Washington's  administra 
tion,  but  approved  of  the  war  of  1812. 
He  died  at  Philadelphia,  February  15, 
1822,  aged  seventy-seven. 

Butler,,  Samson  Jf.— He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1840  to  1843. 

Butler,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Loui 
siana,  from  1818  to  1821.  Died  August 
14,  1847. 

Butlery  Thomas  B.—Re  was  born 
in  Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  in  1807  ; 
was  educated  a  lawyer;  served  in  the 
Connecticut  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Butter^  William. — He  was  the  fa 
ther  of  the  late  Senator,  A.  P.  Butler, 
and  graduated  at  the  College  of  South 
Carolina,  as  a  student  of  medicine ; 
served  as  an  officer  and  surgeon  both  in 
the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1801  to  1811. 
He  died  December  8,  1821. 

Buttery  William. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  South  Carolina ;  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  in  1810; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1841  to  1843.  He 
was  the  brother  of  the  late  Senator,  A. 
P.  Butler,  and  his  wife  was  the  sister  of 
the  late  Commodore  O.  H.  Perry. 

Butler,  William  O. — He  was  born 
in  Jessamine  County,  Kentucky,  in 
1793,  and  came  of  a  family  honorably 
identified  with  the  Revolution.  He  was 
liberally  educated,  and  when  the  war  of 
1812  broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a  soldier ; 
was  an  ensign  under  General  Winches 
ter,  at  the  battle  of  the  River  Raisin  ; 
and  under  General  Jackson,  in  the 
South,  he  attained  the  rank  of  Captain, 
and  was  made  a  Colonel  in  1817.  After 
spendjng  many  years  in  retirement,  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  in  1839,  and  re- 
elected  in  1841 ;  and  during  the  war 
with  Mexico  he  obtained  such  distinc 
tion,  that  he  was  promoted  to  the  posi 


tion  of  Major-General  in  the  regular 
army ;  a  sword  was  voted  to  him  by 
Congress,  March  2,  1847 ;  and  when 
General  Scott  was  recalled  from  the 
City  of  Mexico,  General  Butler  was  left 
chief  in  command,  and  announced  the 
ratification  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  May 
29,  1848.  In  1848  he  was  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  Vice-Presideiit,  on 
the  ticket  with  Lewis  Cass  for  Presi 
dent.  He  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Governor  of  Nebraska  Territory, 
but  declined  the  appointment.  He  is 
the  author  of  many  fugitive  pieces  of 
poetry,  several  of.  which  possess  uncom 
mon  merit,  and  one,  entitled  "  The  Boat 
Horn,"  has  attained  great  popularity. 
In  1861  he  was  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress  held  in  Washington. 

Butmany  Samuel.  —  He  was    a 

member  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in 
1822,  1826,  and  1827,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Penobscot  County, 
Maine,  from  1827  to  1831,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Internal 
Improvements.  In  1846  he  was  a  County 
Commissioner,  and  in  1853  was  re-elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  made  President 
of  the  Senate. 

Butterfieldy  Martin.  —  He    was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

Bynam,  Jesse  A. — Born  in  Hali 
fax  County,  North  Carolina.  He  was 
educated  at  Union  College,  New  York  ; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  ;  and  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1833  to  1841.  While  in 
Congress  he  fought  a  duel  with  Daniel 
Jenifer,  which  terminated  harmlessly  ; 
and  at  the  close  of  his  last  term  he  re 
moved  to  Louisiana. 

Cabelly  Edward  C. — Born  in  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  in  1817;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Virginia  ;  and  in  1837 
removed  to  the  Territory  of  Florida, 
where  he  settled  as  a  cotton  planter. 
He  represented  the  State  of  Florida  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1853. 

Cabelly  Samuel  J.— In  the  begin 
ning  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he 
was  at  William  and  Mary  College,  and 
left  there  to  join  the  first  armed  corps 
raised  in  Virginia,  and  soon  attained 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


65 


the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the 
Continental  Army,  serving  with  honor 
in  all  the  campaigns,  till  the  fall  of 
Charleston,  May  12,  1780,  when  he  be 
came  a  prisoner,  and  the  close  of  the 
war  restored  him  to  liberty.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Assembly,  and  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1795  to  1803.  He  died  in 
Nelson  County,  Virginia,  September  4, 
1818,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

Cable.  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1853. 

Cabot,  George. — Born  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  and  employed  the  early 
part  of  his  life  in  foreign  commerce. 
Before  he  was  twenty-six  years  old,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  where  he 
advocated  those  principles  of  political 
economy  for  which  he  was  afterwards 
distinguished  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  that  State,  and  also  of  that  which 
ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  to  promote  which  he  made  the 
most  strenuous  exertions.  From  1791 
to  1796  he  served  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  and  was  one  of  the  most  distin 
guished  members  of  that  body  ;  a  confi 
dential  friend  of  Washington  and  Ham 
ilton,  to  the  latter  of  whom  he  rendered 
most  important  assistance  in  forming 
his  financial  system.  In  1808  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  in  1814  a  delegate  to  the  Hart 
ford  Convention,  and  was  made  Presi 
dent  of  that  body.  He,  after  that  period, 
retired  from  public  life,  and  died  at 
Boston,  April  18,  1823,  aged  seventy- 
two. 

Cadwalader,    John.  —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Cadivallader,  Lambert. — He  was 

born  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey.  He  com 
manded  a  regifnent  early  in  the  Revolu- 
tion,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1789  to 
1791,  and  again  from  1793  to  1795.  He 
died  in  Trenton,  September  12,  1823, 
aged  eighty-two  years. 

Cadi/,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in 


Chatham,  Columbia  County,  New  York, 
April  29,  1773  ;  was  bred  a  shoemaker  ; 
studied  law,  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1795,  and  practised  with  success;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1815  to  1817,  having 
previously  served  five  years  in  the  State 
Legislature.  In  1846  he  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
York,  which  he  resigned  in  1856 ;  and 
he  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856, 
when  he*  presided  over  the  College.  In 
April,  1859,  without  a  moment's  warn 
ing,  he  became  totally  blind.  Died  in 
Johnstown,  New  York,  October  31, 
1859. 

Cadi/,  John  W. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1822, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Cage,  Harry. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
from  1833  to  1835. 

Cahoon,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1829  to  1833.  From  1815.  to  1820 
he  was  also  a  State  Councillor  ;  County 
Judge  for  nine  years ;  Lieutenant-Go 
vernor  of  Vermont  in  1820  and  1821  ; 
and  for  seven  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature. 

Caldwell,    George   A. — He    was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Caldtvell,  Greene  W. — Born  in 
Gaston  County,  North  Carolina,  April 
13,  1811.  He  studied  medicine,  and 
practised  with  success,  but  subsequently 
devoted  himself  to  the  law.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed  Superintendent  of  the  United 
States  Mint,  at  Charlotte,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned.  He  participated  in  the 
war  with  Mexico  as  volunteer  Captain 
of  a  company  of  dragoons. 

Caldivell,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1813  to  1817. 

Coldivell,  Joseph    P. — Born    in 

Iredell  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1808. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  was  educated  at  Bethany  Academy; 
studied  law  ;  and  entered  public  life  in 
1838,  as  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  where  he  served  a  number  of  years, 
and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Caldivell,  Patrick  C. — He  was  a 

native  of  South  Carolina,  and  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures. 

Calhoun,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Calhoun,  John  C.— Born  in  Ab 
beville  District,  S.  C.,  March  18,  1782. 
He  was  of  an  Irish  family.  His  father, 
Patrick  Calhoun,  was  born  in  Ireland, 
and  at  an  early  age  came  to  Pennsylva 
nia,  thence  went  to  the  western  part  of 
Virginia,  and  after  Braddock's  defeat, 
moved  to  South  Carolina  in  1756.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen,  he  was  put  under 
the  charge  of  his  brother-in-law,  Dr. 
Waddel,  in  Columbia  County,  Georgia. 
He  entered  Yale  College  in  1802,  and 
graduated  with  distinction  ;  studied  law 
at  Litchfield,  Connecticut ;  and  in  1807 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  South  Caro 
lina.  The  next  year  he  entered  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  where  he 
served  for  two  sessions  with  ability  and 
distinction,  and  in  1811  was  elected  to 
Congress,  where  he  continued  until  1817, 
when  he  became  Secretary  of  War  un 
der  President  Monroe,  and  conducted 
the  affairs  of  that  department  with  en 
ergy  and  ability  for  seven  years.  In 
1825  he  was  elected  Vice-President,  and 
in  1831,  upon  General  Hayne's  leaving 
the  Senate  to  become  Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  Mr.  Calhour  resigned  the 
Vice-Presidency,  and*  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate  by 
the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina.  Af 
ter  the  expiration  of  his  senatorial  term, 
he  went  voluntarily  into  retirement. 
Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Upshur,  in  1843, 
he  assumed  the  conduct  of  the  State  De 
partment,  which  he  held  until  the  close 
of  President  Tyler's  administration.  In 
1845  he  was  again  elected  Senator,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  decease.  From 
1811,  when  he  entered  Congress,  until 
his  death,  he  was  rarely  absent  from 
Washington,  and  during  the  most  of 
that  period  he  was  in  the  public  service 


of  his  State  and  country.  He  entered 
Congress  at  a  time  of  unusual  excite 
ment,  preceding  the  declaration  of  war 
of  1812,  and  had  great  influence  in  favor 
of  that  measure.  In  the  difficulties  and 
embarrassments  upon  the  termination 
of  war,  and  the  transition  to  a  peace 
establishment,  he  took  a  responsible 
part.  As  a  presiding  officer  of  the  Se 
nate  he  was  punctual,  methodical,  and 
accurate,  and  had  a  high  regard  for  the 
dignity  of  the  body,  which  he  endea 
vored  to  preserve  and  maintain.  His 
connection  with  nullification,  his  views 
of  the  tariff,  his  opinions  in  regard  to 
slavery,  and  the  many  and  exciting 
questions  arising  from  it,  are  well 
known.  He  shaped  tfce  course  and 
moulded  the  opinions  of  the  people  of 
his  own  State,  and  of  some  other  South 
ern  States,  upon  all  these  subjects. 
Amid  all  the  strifes  of  party  politics, 
there  always  existed  between  him  and 
his  political  opponents  a  great  degree 
of  personal  kindness.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  March  31,  1850,  leaving 
behind  him  the  reputation  of  one  of  the 
greatest  and  the  purest  of  American 
statesmen.  His  collected  writings  and 
speeches  have  been  published  in  several 
octavo  volumes,  edited  by  his  son,  and 
accompanied  with  a  biography. 

Calhoun,  John  E. — Born  in  1749, 
and  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1774.  He  afterwards  studied  law,  in 
which  profession  he  became  distin 
guished.  After  being  for  many  years 
in  the  State  Legislature  of  South  Caro 
lina,  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1801  to  1802.  He  was  a  decided  repub 
lican,  and  supporter  of  Mr.  Jefferson. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  who  were 
instructed  to  report  a  modification  of 
the  judiciary  system  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  Pendleton  District, 
November  3,  1802. 

Calhottn,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  •  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Calhoun,    William  B.— He  was 

born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  Decem 
ber  29,  1796  ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1814;  bred  to  the  law;  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1835  to  1843.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1825  to  1835,  and  Speaker  for 
two  years ;  President  of  the  State  Se- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


67 


nate  in  1846  and  1847 ;  Secretary  of 
State  from  1848  to  1851 ;  Bank  Com 
missioner  from  1853  to  1855  ;  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1844 ;  and  Mayor  of 
Springfield  in  1859. 

Calif  Jacob. — He  was  a  Represent- 
ative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1824  to  1825. 

Calif  Richard  K. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky  ;  and  having  taken  an  in 
terest  in  military  affairs,  became  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Jackson  in  1818, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  Captain  soon 
afterwards,  and  subsequently  was  ap 
pointed  Brigadier-General  of  the  Florida 
militia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lative  Council  of  Florida  in  1822;  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  1823  to  1825  ; 
Keceiver  of  Public  Money  for  the  Land- 
office  ;  and  he  held  the  position  of 
Governor  of  Florida  from  1836  to  1844. 

Calvertf  Charles  S. — He  was  born 
in  Prince  George  County,  Maryland, 
August  24,  1808 ;  received  his  earliest 
education  in  Philadelphia,  but  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in 
1827.  His  whole  life  has  been  devoted, 
on  a  large  scale,  to  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture.  He  was  for  many  years 
President  of  the  Maryland  Agricultural 
Society ;  also  of  the  Prince  George 
County  Society  ;  and  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States  Agricultural  Society. 
He  has  devoted  special  attention  to  the 
raising  of  superior  breeds  of  cattle,  every 
variety  of  which  he  has  tried  on  his  ex 
tensive  farms.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland  in  1839,  1843, 
and  1844 ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative,  from  Maryland,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
on  Agriculture.  Died  at  Riverside, 
Maryland,  May  14,  1864. 

Calvin,  Samuel. — Born  in  Wash- 
ingtonville,  Columbia  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  July  30,  1811.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  he 
was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and 
became  a  school  teacher,  with  the  view 
of  supporting  his  father's  family,  and 
obtaining  the  means  for  a  classical  edu 
cation  ;  he  accomplished  this  object ; 
subsequently  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  and  practised 
in  Hollidaysburg,  Pennsylvania.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 


Thirty-first  Congress,  and  in  1850  de 
clined  a  re-election. 

Cambreling,  Churchill  C.— He 

was  born  in  Washington,  North  Caro 
lina,  in  1786,  and  received  an  academi 
cal  education  at  Newbern,  in  that  State. 
He  had  a  special  fondness  for  field 
sports,  but  did  not  let  them  interfere 
with  his  duties  as  a  clerk  in  a  Carolina 
store,  where  he  was  engaged  for  two 
years.  He  removed  to  New  York  City 
in  1802,  which  has  since  that  time  been 
his  home,  excepting  the  year  1806,  when 
he  was  a  counting-house  clerk  in  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island.  He  engaged  at 
an  early  day  in  mercantile  pursuits  with 
John  Jacob  Astor,  and  travelled  exten 
sively  over  the  world.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1821  to  1839,  and  officiated 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  of  Com 
merce,  "Ways  and  Means,  and  of  Fo 
reign  Affairs.  His  reports  and  political 
pamphlets  were  at  one  time  very  nume 
rous,  one  of  the  former,  on  Commerce 
and  Navigation,  having  gone  through 
several  editions  and  been  republished  in 
London.  While  travelling  in  Europe 
in  1839,  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Minister  to  Russia,  and  on  his  return  to 
the  United  States  he  retired  to  private 
life.  Died  at  West  Neck,  Long  Island, 
April  30,  1862. 

Cameron,  Simon. — He  was  born 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1799,  and  was  left  an  orphan  when  only 
nine  years  of  age.  He  educated  him 
self,  while  pursuing  the  employment  of 
a  printer  in  newspaper  offices  at  Harris- 
burg  and  in  Washington  City,  and 
\vhen  twenty-two  years  of  age  edited 
and  published  a  Democratic  journal  at 
the  former  city,  having  previously  had 
charge  of  a  paper,  the  Pennsylvania 
Intelligencer,  at  Doylestown,  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1832  he  established  the  Mid- 
dletown  Bank  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
devoted  much  of  his  attention  to  the 
railroad  interests  of  his  native  State, 
and  before  entering  Congress  he  was 
the  Cashier  of  a  bank,  President  of  two 
railroad  companies,  and  Adjutant-Ge 
neral  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  first 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1845,- 
where  he  served  until  1849,  and  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  1857, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1863.  He  was 
spoken  of  in  1860  as  one  of  the  candi 
dates  for  the  Presidency,  and  in  1861 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


became  Secretary  of  "War  under  Presi 
dent  Lincoln.  He  resigned  that  posi 
tion,  and  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Russia  in  1861.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
'to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Campbell,  Alexander.— He  was 

a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1809  to  1813. 

Campbell,  BrooMns.  —  He  was 

born  in  Washington  County,  Tennes 
see,  in  1808 ;  was  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
in  1845  was  unanimously  elected  Speak 
er;  he  was  an  officer  in  the  Quartermas 
ter's  Department  in  the  war  with  Mex 
ico,  and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1852  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  Washington,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  December  24,  1853. 

Campbell,    George  W. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee  in  1768 ;  received  a 
good  education  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1803 
to  1809,  serving  during  the  last  two 
years  of  his  term  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means ;  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court ;  was  elected  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  in  1811,  but  resigned  on  be 
ing  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
in  1814.  He  resumed  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  the  following  year,  and  served 
till  1818,  when  he  was  appointed  Minis 
ter  to  Russia,  where  he  remained  until 
1821.  He  died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
February  17,  1848. 

Campbell,  James  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Williamsport,  Lycoming  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  February  8,  1820; 
graduated  at  the  Carlisle  Law  School ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  was  a 
member  in  1844  of  the  Whig  Baltimore 
Convention  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1855  to  1857,  and  again  from  1859  to 
1861,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  Minister  Resident  to  Sweden. 

Campbell,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1801  to  1811 ;  also  Judge  of 
the  Orphans'  Court  in  Charles  County, 


where  he  died  June  23, 1828,  aged  sixty- 
three  years. 

Campbell,  John. — He  was  born  in 
South'Carolina ;  graduated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  in  1819 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1829  to  1831,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1845.  Died  at  his  residence  in 
Marlborough  District,  South  Carolina, 
May  19,  1845. 

Campbell,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1837  to  1843. 

Campbell,  John  H. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Campbell,  John  P. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Campbell,  John    W.  —  He    was 

born  in  Augusta  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1817  to  1827.  Died  Septem 
ber  24,  1833. 

Campbell,  Lewis  D.  —  Born  in 
Franklin,  Warren  County,  Ohio,  Au 
gust  9,  1811.  He  received  a  limited 
education ;  was  attached  at  an  early 
day  to  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  as  printer 
and  assistant  editor ;  subsequently  had 
the  entire  control  of  another  political 
paper ;  and  having  studied  law  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice.  He  was  elected ^ a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Ohio,  in 
1848,  and  has  been  re-elected  to  each 
successive  Congress,  down  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  when  his  seat  was  contested,  and 
the  House  of  Representatives  decided 
against  his  claim.  During  the  Thirty J 
third  Congress  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 

Campbell,  llobert  B.  —  He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina ;  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  in  1809; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1835 
to  1837.  He  was  subsequently  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Fillmore,  American 
Consul  at  Havana,  Cuba. 

Campbell,  Samuel.— He  was  born 
in  Mansfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


69 


Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1821  to  1823,  having  previ 
ously  served  five  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State. 

Campbell,  Thomas  F.— He  was 

a  native  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1834  to  1835. 

Campbell,  Thomas  J. — He  was 

a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  twice  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives.  During  the  years 
1813  and  1814  he  was  an  Assistant  In 
spector-General  of  militia.  He  died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
April  13,  1850. 

Campbell,  Thompson. — He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Campbell,     William    B.  —  Was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  when  a  young 
man  served  in  Florida  as  Captain  in  the 
mounted  volunteers.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1837  to 
1843 ;  went  to  Mexico  as  Colonel  com 
manding  the  First  Regiment  Tennessee 
Volunteers,  distinguishing  himself  at 
Cerro  Gordo  and  at  Monterey ;  was 
unanimously  elected  Circuit  Court 
Judge ;  and  was  Governor  of  Tennes 
see  from  1851  to  1853. 

Campbell,  William  W. — Born  in 
Cherry  Valley,  New  York,  June  10, 
1806 ;  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1827,  and  studied  law  with  Judge  Kent, 
of  New  York,  and  in  1831  he  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
that  city,  having  previously  written  and 
published  a  history  of  the  Border  War 
of  New  York.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
then  spent  a  year  in  Europe.  On  his 
return,  he  was  appointed  a  Justice  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  New  York  City, 
and  served  seven  years,  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  which  position  he 
now  holds. 

Canby,  Richard  S. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 


Cannon,  Newton. — He  was  born 
in  Guilford  County,  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1814  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1819  to  1823,  and  was  also 
appointed  by  President  Monroe,  in 
1819,  one  of  two  Commissioners  to  treat 
with  the  Chickasaws.  He  was  also  Go 
vernor  of  Tennessee  from  1835  to  1839. 
Died  September  29,  1842. 

Caperton,  Hugh. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1780 ;  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation  ;  a  member,  for  many  years, 
of  the  State  Legislature ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  Green- 
brier  region  of  Virginia,  from  1813  to 
1815.  He  died  in  Monroe  County,  Vir 
ginia,  February  9,  1847. 

Carey,  George. — He  was  a  native 
of  Charles  County,  Maryland,  but  re 
moved  to  Georgia,  and  died  in  Upson 
County  in  1844.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1823  to  1827. 

Carey,  John. — Born  in  Mononga- 
hela  County,  Virginia,  April  5,  1792  ; 
removed  with  his  parents  to  the  North 
west  Territory,  in  1798;  from  that  pe 
riod  until  1812  he  labored  with  his 
father  in  the  tanning  business  ;  in  1814 
he  assisted  in  building  the  first  stone 
house  in  Columbus ;  after  which  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  various  employ 
ments  of  carpentering,  milling  in  its 
various  branches,  and  farming  ;  in  1825 
he  was  elected  an  Associate  Judge, 
which  office  he  held  for  seven  years ; 
he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature 
in  1828,  1836,  and  1843  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Carlile,  John  S.— Born  in  Win 
chester,  Frederick  County,  Virginia, 
December  16,  1817.  He  was  educated 
by  his  mother  until  fourteen  years  of 
age,  and  then  went  into  a  country  store 
as  salesman  and  clerk,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  commenced  business  for  him 
self.  At  the  same  time  he  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and 
settled  in  Beverly,  Randolph  County, 
in  1842,  to  practise.  He  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1847,  and  served  till 
1851.  In  1850  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  Virginia, 
and  in  1855  was  elected  a  Representa- 


70 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


live  in  Congress,  serving  one  term.  In 
1861  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Virginia,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  and  was  soon  afterwards  trans 
ferred  to  the  Senate,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Lands  and  Ter 
ritories.  His  term  expires  in  1865. 

Carlton,  Peter.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1807  to  1809. 

Carmichael,  M.  B.—Re  was  a  na 

tive  of  Maryland,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

Carnes,    Thomas   J>.  —  He    was 

born  and  educated  in  Maryland  ;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Georgia.  He  was 
there  successively  Solicitor-General,  At 
torney-General,  and  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1793  to  1795.  He  died 
at  Milledgeville,  May  8,  1822. 

Carpenter,  Davis.  —  He  was  born 
in  'Walpole,  Cheshire  County,  New 
Hampshire,  December  25,  1799;  re 
ceived  an  academical  education  ;  studied 
medicine,  and  took  the  degree  of  M.D. 
at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  in 
1824  ;  he  removed  to  the  State  of  New 
York  in  1825,  and  there  attained  the 
position  of  Colonel  of  a  rifle  corps  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1853  to  1855,  in  place 
of  A.  Boody,  resigned.  He  was  subse 
quently  devoted  to  his  profession  and  to 
surveying. 

Carpenter,  Levi  J).—  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Carr,  Francis.  —  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
from  1806  to  1811,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1811  to  1813.  Died  in  October, 
1821,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 


,  James.  —  He  served  three 
years  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
from  Bangor,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1815  to  1817. 

Carr,  John.  —  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1831  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to 


1841,  and  died  in  Clarke  County,  Indi 
ana,  January  20,  1845. 

Carroll,  diaries,  of  Carroll- 
ton. — He  was  born  in  Annapolis,  Mary 
land,  on  the  20th  of  September,  1737;  was 
descended  from  a  respectable  Irish  fa 
mily  ;  was  of  the  Roman  Catholic  reli 
gion,  and  inherited  a  very  large  estate. 
He  was  sent  at  an  early  age  to  St. 
Omer  to  be  educated,  and  afterwards 
removed  to  Rheims.  After  having 
studied  civil  law  in  Prance,  he  went  to 
London,  and  pursued  the  study  of  com 
mon  law  at  the  Temple ;  and  returned 
to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven. 
He  soon  became  known  as  an  advocate 
for  liberty,  and  was  one  of  the  ablest 
political  writers  of  Maryland.  In  1776 
he  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  old 
Congress,  and  subscribed  his  name  to. 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  last 
surviving  signer  of  that  document. '  In 
1778  he  left  Congress,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  councils  of  his  native  State ; 
in  1789  he  was  elected  a  Senator  to  the 
new  Congress,  and  in  1810  he  quitted 
public  life,  and  passed  the  remainder  of 
his  days  in  tranquillity,  beloved  and 
revered  by  his  friends  and  neighbors, 
and  honored  by  his  country.  He  was 
ever  considered  a  model  of  regularity 
in  conduct  and  sedateness  in  judgment. 
He  died  in  Baltimore,  November  14, 
1832. 

Carroll,  Charles  H. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1843  to  1847,  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  the  State  in  1836,  and 
a  State  Senator  in  1837. 

Carroll,  Daniel.— He  was  a  Re- 

Eresentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary- 
ind,  from  1789  to  1791,  and  was  that 
year  appointed  Commissioner  for  Sur 
veying  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Carroll,  James.— He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Carson,  Samuel  P.  —  Born  at 
Pleasant  Garden,  Burke  County,  North 
Carolina.  He  was  for  several  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1825 
to  1833.  He  killed  Doctor  Robert  B. 
Vance  in  a  duel,  in  1827  ;  and  at  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


71 


close  of  his  services  in  Congress,  re 
moved  to  Arkansas,  where  he  died  in 
November,  1840. 

Carter,  John. — Born  on  Black 
Elver,  Sumter  District,  South  Carolina, 
September  10,  1792  ;  and  graduated  at 
South  Carolina  College,  Columbia.  He 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1822  "to  1829,  when  he 
declined  a  re-election.  His  residence 
was  Camden,  but  he  removed  to  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia,  in  1836, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  June  20,  1850. 

• 

Carter,  Luther  C. — Born  in  Bethel, 
Oxford  County,  Maine,  February  25, 
1805 ;  received  an  academic  education ; 
settled  in  New  York  City,  and  devoted 
himself  to  mercantile  pursuits  with  suc 
cess  ;  was  a  member  for  some  years  of 
the  Board  of  Education  in  that  city  ; 
and  having  retired  from  business,  he 
settled  on  a  farm  on  Long  Island  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Eepresentative  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Carter,    Timothy    J. — He    was 

educated  for  the  legal  profession ;  was 
Secretary  of  the  Maine  Senate,  in  1833  ; 
County  Attorney  from  1833  to  1837; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1837  to  the 
date  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Washington,  March  14,  1838. 

Carter,  William  S. — Born  in 
Tennessee,  in  1812;  was  a  member  of 
the  House  and  Senate  in  the  State  Le 
gislature ;  President  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention ;  and  from  1835  to 
1841  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State.  He  died  in  Car 
ter  County,  Tennessee,  April  17,  1848. 

Cartter,  David  R,.— He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1849  to 
1853. 

Caruthers,  Robert  L. — Was  born 
in  Smith  County,  Tennessee,  July  31, 
1800 ;  obtained  the  rudiments  of  an 
English  education  by  his  own  unaided 
exertions  ;  from  1816  to  1818  he  was 
clerk  in  a  store  ;  subsequently  improved 
his  education  at  Woodward  Academy 


and  Greenville  College  ;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1823 ;  served  one 
year  as  Clerk  in  the  Legislature  of 
Tennessee.  Returning  to  his  native 
county,  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the 
Chancery  Court  there ;  edited  a  paper 
for  one  year ;  settled  in  Wilson  County, 
in  1826,  and  was  soon  afterwards  elected 
State's  Attorney,  holding  the  office  five 
years  ;  in  1834  he  was  elected  a  Briga 
dier-General  of  militia  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  in  1835 ; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1845,  de 
clining  to  run  for  Governor  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1841  to  1843,  declining  a  re 
election  ;  in  1852  was  called  to  a  seat 
on  the  Supreme  Bench  of  Tennessee, 
still  holding  the  position ;  and  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Convention  of 
1861. 

Caruthers,  Samuel.  —  Born  in 
Madison  County,  Missouri,  October  13, 
1820 ;  was  educated  at  Clinton  College, 
Tennessee  ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  in  Congress,  in  1853, 
which  position  he  still  occupies. 

Cary,  George  J5. — A  member  of 
Congress  from  the  Petersburg  District, 
Virginia,  in  1842  and  1843.  He  died 
in  Southampton  County,  Virginia, 
March  5,  1850. 

Cary,  Jeremiah  E. — Born  in  Co 
ventry,  Rhode  Island,  April  30,  1803  ; 
commenced  active  life  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  by  working  on  a  farm  and 
in  the  tannery  of  an  uncle ;  he  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  education, 
which  he  paid  for  by  his  own  exertions 
as  a  teacher  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829  ;  was  elected 
to  Congress,  from  Cherry  Valley  Coun 
ty,  in  1842,  and,  after  his  term  as  a  Re 
presentative,  removed  to  the  city  of 
New  York,  where  he  has  since  been  en- 

faged  with  success  in  the  practice  of 
is  profession,  and  holding  many  im 
portant  local  offices  connected  with  the 
cause  of  education. 

Cary,  Shepard. — He  was  a  mer 
chant  and  farmer ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1832,  1833,  from 
1839  to  1842,  in  1843,  1848,  1849,  and 
from  1850  to  1854.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1844  to  1845,  and  served  as  a  member  of 


72 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Committee  on  Claims.  In  1836  lie 
was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

Case,  Charles. — Born  at  Austin- 
burg,  Ashtabula  County,  Ohio,  Decem 
ber  21,  1817;  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  Indiana.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions.  He  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Territories. 

Case,    Walter. — He  was    born  in 

Dutchess  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Casey.  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1849 
to  1851.  In  1863  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Claims. 

Casey ,  Levi. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1803  to  1807.  Died  February  1, 
1807. 

Casey,  Samuel  L. — He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was 
subsequently  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to  look  after 
certain  national  interests  in  the  South 
western  States. 

Casey,  Zadock. — He  was  born  in 
Georgia,  and  on  removing  to  Illinois, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1843,  and  also 
held  the  office  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  the  State.  Died  at  Caseyville,  Illi 
nois,  in  1862,  aged  sixty-six  years.. 

CasJde,  John  S. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  first  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  in  1851,  and  has  been  elected  to 
each  successive  Congress,  serving  at  the 
present  time  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Cass,  Lewis.  —  Born  in  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire,  October  9, 1782.  Hav 
ing  received  a  limited  education  at  his 
native  place,  at  the  early  age  of  seven 
teen  he  crossed  the  Alleghany  Moun 
tains  on  foot,  to  seek  a  home  in  the 
"great  West,"  then  an  almost  unex 


plored  wilderness.  Settled  at  Marietta, 
Ohio ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  successful. 
Elected  at  twenty-five  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Ohio,  he  originated  the  bill 
which  arrested  the  proceedings  of  Aaron 
Burr,  and,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Jefferson, 
was  the  first  blow  given  to  what  is 
known  as  Burr's  conspiracy.  In  1807 
he  was  appointed,  by  Mr.  Jefferson, 
Marshal  of  the  State,  and  held  the  ofiice 
till  the  latter  part  of  1811,  when  he  vo 
lunteered  to  repel  Indian  aggressions  on 
the  frontier.  He  was  elected  Colonel  of 
the  Third  Regiment  of  Ohio  volunteers, 
and  entered  the  military  service  of  the 
United  States  at  the  commencement  of 
the  war  of  1812.'  Having  by  a  difiicult 
march  reached  Detroit,  he  urged, the 
immediate  invasion  of  Canada,  and  was 
the  author  of  the  proclamation  of  that 
event.  He  was  the  first  to  land  in  arms 
on  the  enemy's  shore,  and,  with  a  small 
detachment  of  troops,  fought  and  won 
the  first  battle,  that  of  the  Tarontoe. 
At  the  subsequent  capitulation  of  De 
troit,  he  was  absent,  on  important  ser 
vice,  and  regretted  that  his  command 
and  himself  had  been  included  in  that 
capitulation.  Liberated  on  parole,  he 
repaired  to  the  seat  of  government  to 
report  the  causes  of  the  disaster,  and 
the  failure  of  the  campaign.  He  was 
immediately  appointed  a  Colonel  in  the 
regular  army,  and,  soon  after,  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General ;  hav 
ing,  in  the  mean  time,  been  elected 
Major-General  of  the  Ohio  volunteers. 
On  being  exchanged  and  released  from 
parole,  he  again  repaired  to  the  frontier, 
and  joined  the  army  for  the  recovery  of 
Michigan.  Being  at  that  time  without 
a  command,  he  served  and  distinguished 
himself,  as  a  volunteer  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Harrison,  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thames.  He  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Madison,  in  October,  1813,  Gover 
nor  of  Michigan.  His  position  com 
bined,  with  the  ordinary  duties  of  chief 
magistrate  of  a  civilized  community, 
the  immediate  management  and  con 
trol,  as  superintendent,  of  the  relations 
with  the  numerous  and  powerful  Indian 
tribes  in  that  region  of  country.  He 
conducted  with  success  the  aft'airs  of 
the  Territory  under  embarrassing  cir 
cumstances.  Under  his  sway  peace  was 
preserved  between  the  whites  and  the 
treacherous  and  disaffected  Indians,  law 
and  order  established,  and  the  Territory 
rapidly  advanced  in  population,  re 
sources,  and  prosperity.  He  held  this 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


73 


position  till  July,  1831,  when  lie  was, 
by  President  Jackson,  made  Secretary 
of  War.  In  the  latter  part  of  1836, 
President  Jackson  appointed  him  Mi 
nister  to  France,  where  he  remained 
until  1842,  when  he  requested  his  recall, 
and  returned  to  this  country.  In  Janu 
ary,  1845,  he  was  elected,  by  the  Legis 
lature  of  Michigan,  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States  ;  which  place  he  resigned 
on  his  nomination,  in  May,  1848,  as  a 
candidate  for  the  Presidency,  by  the 
political  party  to  which  he  belonged. 
After  the  election  of  his  opponent  (Ge 
neral  Taylor)  to  that  office,  the  Legis 
lature  of  his  State,  in  1849,  re-elected 
him  to  the  Senate  for  the  unexpired 
portion  of  his  original  term  of  six  years. 
When  Mr.  Buchanan  became  President, 
he  invited  General  Cass  to  the  head  of 
the  Department  of  State,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  December,  1860.  He  has 
devoted  some  attention  to  literary  pur 
suits,  and  his  writings,  speeches,  and 
State  papers  would  make  several  vo 
lumes. 

Cassedy,  George. — He  was  born 

in  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1821  to  1827,  and  died 
in  Hackensack,  New  Jersey,  December 
31,  1842,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Cathcart,  Charles   W. — He  was 

born  in  the  Island  of  Madeira,  in  1809 ; 
went  to  sea  in  early  life  and  studied 
mechanics ;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1831 ; 
was  for  several  years  a  United  States 
Surveyor  ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1845  to  1849,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1852  to  1853,  by  appoint 
ment.  Of  late  years  he  has  been  de 
voted  to  farming. 

Catlin,  George  S. — Born  in  Har- 
wington,  Litchfield,  County,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1809 ;  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1845.  He  was  also  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
State's  Attorney, and  Judge  of  the  Wjind- 
ham  County  Court.  He  died  in  Decem 
ber,  1851. 

Causin,  John  M.  S.  —  He   was 

born   in  Maryland ;   was  a  lawyer  by 


profession  ;  served  several  terms  in  the 
Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1843  to  1845.  Died  at  Cairo,  Illinois, 
January  30,  1861. 

Cavanaugh,  J.  M. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  Minnesota. 

Chaffee,  Calvin  C.  —  Born  in 
Westminster,  Vermont,  August  28, 
1811.  He  early  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  medicine ;  graduated  at  Mid- 
dlebury  College ;  and  on  becoming  a 
citizen  of  Massachusetts,  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 
In  1859  he  was  appointed  Librarian  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  which 
office  he  held  until  1861. 

Chalmers,  Joseph  W. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Chamberlain,  Ebenezer   M. — 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Chamberlain,  Jacob  P. — He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Chamberlain,  John  C. — He  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1793  ; 
practised  law  at  Alstead,  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1809  to 
1811.  He  died  at  Utica,  New  York, 
December  8,  1834,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Chamberlain,    William.  —  He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1803  to  1805,  and  again 
from  1809  to  1811.  He  was  a  State 
Councillor  from  1796  to  1803;  served 
five  years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Vermont  from 
1813  to  1815;  and  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Randolph  County  Court  from  1801  to 
1803,  and  in  1814. 

Chambers,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Allentown,  Northampton  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1780.  He  was  edu- 


74 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


cated  by  his  father,  who  was  a  school 
teacher;  and  in  1794  was  employed  as 
a  confidential  express  to  carry  despatches 
from  General  Henry  Lee  to  President 
Washington,  during  the  Whiskey  In 
surrection;  in  1796  he  was  placed  in 
the  office  of  the  Aurora  newspaper,  to 
learn  the  printer's  trade ;  and  after 
spending  the  sixteen  subsequent  years 
on  a  farm  in  Virginia,  he  removed  to 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  conducted  a 
newspaper,  and  was  elected  State  print 
er.  When  the  seat  of  government  was 
removed  to  Columbus,  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Senate ;  during  the 
years  1812  and  1813  he  was  aide-de-camp 
to  General  Cass  ;  and  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1821 
to  1823.  He  subsequently  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  of  Ohio  ;  was  Speaker  in  1844,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1851 ;  having  also  been 
elected  Mayor  of  Zanesville,  Recorder, 
and  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  Of  late  years  he  has  been  wholly 
devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits.  Died 
at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  August  8,  1864. 

Chambers,  Ezeteiel  F. — Born  in 
Kent  County,  Maryland,  February  28, 
1788;  graduated  at  Washington  Col 
lege  when  seventeen  years  of  age ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1808 ;  he  performed  some  military 
service  in  1812,  and  subsequently  at 
tained  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General ; 
in  1822  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Se 
nate  against  his  will ;  he  took  an  active 
part  in  1825  in  arranging  a  system  of 
legislation  for  the  recovery  of  slaves ; 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1826  to  1835;  in  1834 
he  was  appointed  Chief  Judge  of  the 
Second  Judicial  District  and  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  which  offices  he 
held  until  1851,  when  the  Judiciary  be 
came  elective;  having  been  in  1850  an 
active  member  of  the  Convention  which 
changed  the  State  Constitution.  He 
was  offered,  in  1852,  by  President  Fill- 
more,  the  post  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
in  the  place  of  Secretary  Graham,  who 
resigned  ;  but  his  health  compelled  him 
to  decline  the  honor.  In  1833  Yale 
College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  in  1852  he  re 
ceived  the  same  honor  from  the  Dela 
ware  College. 

Chamber sy    George,  —  Born    in 


Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1786  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1804 ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1807,  and  practised  extensively 
in  the  Franklin  County  Courts.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1833  to  1837,  and  was  then  elected  a, 
delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  Constitu 
tional  Convention.  In  1851  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the 
unanimous  consent  of  the  Senate,  a 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  which  office  he  held  until  the  ex 
piration  of  its  tenure  under  the  consti 
tution.  Since  that  time  he  has  lived  in 
retirement,  discharging  many  trusts 
and  offices  in  promotion  of  religion  and 
education,  in  the  town  of  his  birth, 
which  bears  his  father's  name. 

Chambers,  Henry. — He    was    a 

Senator  in  Congress  from  1825  to  1826, 
from  Alabama,  and  died  January  25, 
1826. 

Chambers,  John. — Born  in  New 
Jersey  in  1779 ;  emigrated  to  Kentucky 
when  thirteen  years  of  age ;  studied 
law,  and  practised  the  profession  with 
success ;  was  an  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Harrison  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames ; 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Iowa  by  President  Harrison, 
manifesting  great  ability  and  prudence 
in  his  intercourse  with  the  Indians ; 
and  by  President  Taylor  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Commissioner  to  make  a 
treaty  with  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from  1835 
to  1839.  He  died  near  Paris,  Kentucky, 
September  21,  1852. 

Champion,  Epaphrodit  us.— He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1807  to  1817  ;  a  man 
greatly  respected  for  his  public  and 
private  character ;  and  died  at  East 
Haddam,  Connecticut,  November  22, 
1835,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Champlin,  Christopher  G. — He 

was  a  native  of  Newport,  Rhode  Island ; 

fraduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
786  ;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
1797,  to  1801,  and  a  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  from  1809  to  1811.  At  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  March 
18,  1840,  in  the  seventy-fourth  year  of 
his  age,  he  was  President  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Bank. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


75 


Chandler9  John. — Was  a  native 
of  Maine  when  a  part  of  Massachusetts, 
representing  it  in  the  State  Senate  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  in  Congress  from  1805 
to  1808,  and  for  three  years  was  Sheriff 
of  Kennebeck  County.  In  1812  he  was 
appointed  Brigadier-General,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  Canadian  cam 
paign,  having  his  horse  shot  under  him 
at  the  battle  of  Stony  Creek,  where  he 
was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
in  1820,  being  one  of  the  first  two  Sena 
tors  from  Maine  after  its  separation 
from  Massachusetts,  serving  two  terms, 
until  1829..  In  1829  he  was  appointed 
Collector  of  the  port  of  Portland,  serv 
ing  until  1837  ;  and  he  died  at  Augusta, 
September,  1841. 

Chandler,  Joseph  JR. — He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts;  was  liberally 
educated,  and  studied  law ;  edited  a 
newspaper  in  Philadelphia  for  many 
years  ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1849  to 
1855 ;  and  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Naples  by  President  Buchanan  in  1858. 

Chandler,,  TJiomas. — He  was   a 

State  Senator  in  1827,  and  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1829  to  1833. 

Chandler,  Zaehariah. — Born  in 

Bedford,  New  Hampshire,  December 
10,  1813 ;  received  an  academical  edu 
cation  ;  was  bred  a  merchant ;  was 
Mayor  of  Detroit,  Michigan  in  1851 ; 
defeated  candidate  for  Governor  of 
Michigan  in  1852  ;  and  is  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Michigan,  having  suc 
ceeded  Senator  Cass  in  that  capacity, 
and  taking  his  seat  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  in  1863,  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1869. 

Chaney,  John. — He  was  born  in. 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1833  to  1839. 

Chattier,  John  Winthrop. — Born 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  in  1826  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
in  1859  and  1860,  and  declined  a  re- 
nomination  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to 


the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Chapin,   Graham  H. — He  was 

born  in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1817  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  died  in  1843. 

Chapman,    Augustus   A.  —  He 

was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Chapman,  Bird  J5. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and,  on  removing  to 
Nebraska,  was  elected  a  Delegate,  from 
that  Territory,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Chapman,  Charles.  —  Born  at 
Newtown,  Fairfield  County,  Connecti 
cut,  June  21,  1799;  received  a  classical 
education ;  he  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
was  three  times  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  State  ;  he  was 
United  States  Attorney  during  the  ad 
ministration  of  Mr.  Tyler,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-second  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut. 

Chapman,  Henry.— He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary, 

Chapman,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1797  to  1799. 

Chapman,    John    G. — He    was 

born  in  Charles  County,  Maryland, 
July  5,  1798,  and  died  December  10, 
1856.  He  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
education  at  Yale  College,  which  he 
left  during  his  senior  term,  on  account 
of  his  health,  and  afterwards  refused  a 
diploma  which  was  tendered  to  him  by 
the  faculty.  He  studied  law  with  Wil 
liam  Wirt,  and,  after  practising  for 
some  time,  turned  his  attention  to  poli 
tics,  and  between  the  years  1824  and 
1844,  he  was  almost  constantly  in  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland.  In  1845  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  again  re-elected  in  1847, 
serving  on  important  committees,  and 
doing  much  good  for  his  constituents 
and  the  public  at  large.  He  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Convention  which 


76 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


framed  the  present  Constitution  of  Ma 
ryland  ;  and  his  last  public  act  was  to 
preside  as  Chairman  of  the  National 
Whig  Convention,  which  met  in  Bal 
timore,  in  1856,  to  nominate  Millard 
Fillmore  for  the  Presidency.  He  was 
an  eloquent  speaker,  filled  all  his  public 
trusts  with  fidelity,  and  died  lamented 
by  a  large  number  of  warm  personal 
friends. 

Chapman,  Heuben. — He  was  born 
•in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from  1835 
to  1847 ;  also  Governor  of  that  State, 
from  1847  to  1849. 

Chappell.  A..  H. — He  was  born  in 
Georgia,  and  was  a  Eepresentative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Twenty-eighth 
Congress. 

Chappell,  John  J. — Born  in  Fair- 
field  District,  South  Carolina,  January 
19,  1782;  received  a  common  school 
education  ;  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1804;  was  a  Solicitor 
of  Equity,  Colonel  of  militia,  a  Trustee 
of  the  State  College  in  1809,  and  a 
Bank  Director;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

Charlton,  Robert  M. — He  was  a 

Judge,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  in  1852  and  1853.  He  died  in 
Savannah,  January  18,  1854. 

Chase,  Dudley. — Was  born  in  Cor 
nish,  Sullivan  County,  New  Hamp 
shire,  December  30,  1771.  He  received 
an  academic  education,  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College,  in  1791.  Having 
been  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  commenced 
practice  in  Vermont,  and,  from  1803  to 
1811,  he  was  State's  Attorney  for  Orange 
County.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Conventions  of  1814  and 
1822.  He  was  a  Representative,  from 
Randolph,  to  the  Legislature  of  Ver 
mont,  in  1805,  and  the  seven  succeeding 
years,  during  five  of  which  he  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  was  again  elected  Representative, 
from  the  same  town,  in  1823  and  1824. 
He  was  elected  United  States  Senator, 
from  Vermont,  from  1813  to  1819,  but 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  1817.  He  was 
chosen  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont,  in  1817,  holding  the 
same  office,  by  annual  re-elections,  until 


1821.  He  then  returned  to  his  profes 
sion  of  the  law  for  a  few  years,  and  in 
1824  he  was  again  chosen  United  States 
Senator,  from  1825  to  1831,  inclusive, 
when  he  retired  wholly  from  public  life, 
and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming 
and  gardening,  of  which  he  was  exces 
sively  fond.  He  was  a  brother  of  the 
late  Philander  Chase,  Bishop  of  Illinois ; 
and  died  at  Randolph,  Vermont,  Febru 
ary  23,  1846. 

Chase.  George  W. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Chase,  Lncien  U. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  ending 
in  1849.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  "  History  of  President  Polk's 
Administration. ' ' 

Chase,  Salmon  P. — He  was  born 

in  Cornish,  New  Hampshire,  January 
13,  1808.  His  education  began  at  home, 
and  was  continued  at  the  schools  and 
academies  of  New  Hampshire  and  Cen 
tral  Ohio,  and  completed  at  the  Cincin 
nati  College,  and  at  Dartmouth,  in 
New  Hampshire,  graduating  in  1826. 
He  studied  law,  in  Washington  City, 
with  William  Wirt,  and  has  practised 
his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  for 
many  years.  His  first  public  posi 
tion  was  that  of  School  Examiner,  in 
Cincinnati,  in  1839 ;  in  1840  he  was  a 
City  Councilman;  in  1845  he  projected 
what  was  called  a  Liberty  Convention  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Free-soil  Conven 
tion  held  at  Buffalo  in  1848 ;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1849  to  1855;  and  elected  Governor  of 
Ohio,  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857. 
In  1860  he  was  again  chosen  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  but  on  the  day  after  he 
took  his  seat,  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury  in  President  Lin 
coln's  Cabinet ;  having  been  a  member 
also,  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Chase,  Samuel, — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1827  to  1829. 

Chastain,  Edivard  W. — He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


77 


presentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Cheat  ham,  Ricliard. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  in  Sep 
tember,  1845. 

Chestnut,  James.  —  Born  near 
Camden,  South  Carolina,  in  1815;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  ;  from  1842 
to  1852  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  from  1854  to  1858  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate ;  he  was 
appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second 
session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  was  subsequent^  elected  to  that 
position,  but  resigned  in  December, 
1860.  He  became  identified  with  the 
Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the 
so-called  Confederate  Congress. 

Chetwood,  William.  —  Born  in 
New  Jersey  in  1769;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1792;  and  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1798.  During  the 
Whiskey  Insurrection  he  attended  Ma- 
jor-General  Lee,  as  aide-de-camp ;  at 
one  time  served  in  the  State  Council  of 
New  Jersey,  and  was  elected  to  Con 
gress,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  during  the  ad 
ministration  of  President  Jackson. 
He  was  an  able  lawyer,  practised  his 
profession  until  his  seventieth  year,  and 
died  December  18,  1857. 

Cheves,  Lanadon. — He  was  born 
in  Abbeville  District,  South  Carolina, 
September  17,  1776;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1801 ;  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1808;  and  afterwards 
Attorney-General  of  the  State.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1811  to  1816,  and  was  Speaker  during 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirteenth 
Congress.  He  was  also  a  Commissioner 
of  Claims  under  the  treaty  of  Ghent ; 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
from  1816  to  1819,  and  for  a  time  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  Bank.  Re 
signing  this  trust,  he  returned  to  Caro 
lina,  and  withdrew  from  public  life. 
He  died  June  26,  1857. 

Cliilds,    Thomas,  Jr. — He    was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  during  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

ChildSy    Timothy.— He  was  born 


in  Massachusetts  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  of  New  York  in  1828  and 
1833 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1831,  from  1835  to  1839,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Santa  Cruz  in 
November,  1847. 

Chilton,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Chilton,  Thomas. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Kentucky,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831,  and  for  a  second  term,  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Chinn,    Joseph    W. — He   was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  died  at 
Richmond,  December  5,  1840. 

Chinn,  Thomas  W. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and,  removing  to  Loui 
siana,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1839  to  1841. 

Chipman,  Daniel.  —  Born  in 
1765,  in  Salisbury,  Connecticut;  gradu 
ated  al  Dartmouth  in  1788  ;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  practised  at  Ripton, 
Vermont.  He  was  for  many  years  in 
the  Legislature,  and  was  frequently 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  his  State,  and  a  member  of  the  last 
State  Constitutional  Convention ;  he 
was  the  first  reporter  of  the  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  author  of  an 
able  work  on  Law  Contracts  for  the 
Sale  of  Specific  Articles,  which  is  highly 
esteemed  bv  the  profession.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1814  to  1817, 
and  died  in  Ripton,  April  23,  1850. 

Chipman,  John  S. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Michigan,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Chipman,  Nathaniel.— Born  in 
Salisbury,  Connecticut,  November  15, 
1752;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1777 ;  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Tin- 
mouth,  Vermont,  and  was  Professor  of 
Law  for  twenty-eight  years  in  Middle- 
bury  College.  In  1786  he  was  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1789 
he  was  chosen  Chief  Justice ;  and  in 
1791  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 


78 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


States  District  Court.  He  was  subse 
quently  again  elected  Chief  Justice, 
and  from  1797  to  1802  he  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  serving 
until  1803.  In  1793  he  published 
"  Sketches  of  the  Principles  of  Govern 
ment,"  and  "Keports  and  Disserta 
tions."  He  died  at  Tinmouth,  Febru 
ary  15,  1843. 

Chipman,  William  W. — He  was 

a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Iowa,  from  1839  to  1841. 

CJiittenden,  Martin.  —  He    was 

born  in  1769,  in  Salisbury,  Connecticut. 
He  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1803  to  1813,  and 
Governor  of  Vermont  in  1813  and 
1814.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1789,  and  died  in 
1840. 

Chittenden,  T.  C.— He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  having  removed 
to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Choate,  JRufus. — "Was  born  at 
Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  October  1, 
1799.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1819,  and  was  afterwards 
chosen  a  tutor  in  that  institution,  but 
having  selected  the  law  for  his  profes 
sion,  he  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cam 
bridge,  and  after  spending  a  few  months 
there,  went  to  "Washington  and  studied 
with  "William  Wirt.  He  completed 
his  legal  studies  at  an  office  in  Salem, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  the  town  of  Danvers,  in  1824. 
In  1825  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
and  in  1827  he  was  in  the  Senate  of  the 
same  State.  He  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  debates,  and  won  much  reputa 
tion  by  his  energy  and  sagacity.  In 
1832  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  the  Essex  District,  but  de 
clined  a  re-election  in  1834,  and  removed 
to  Boston,  to  devote  himself  to  his  pro 
fession.  Here  he  took  an  eminent 
position  at  the  bar,  and  soon  came  into 
an  extensive  practice.  In  1841,  on  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Webster  from  the 
Senate,  Mr.  Choate  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term, 
he  gave  himself  up  wholly  to  his  pro 
fession.  He  was  a  Regent  of  the  Smith 
sonian  Institution,  but  resigned  the 


position.  He  was  greatly  distinguished 
for  his  eloquence,  but  his  style  of  speak 
ing  was  peculiar  ;  his  judgment  in  the 
management  of  causes  was  considered 
consummate.  His  published  orations 
and  arguments  are  quite  numerous, 
and  all  of  a  high  order.  He  died  at 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  while  on  his  way 
to  Europe  for  his  health,  July  12,  1859. 

Chrisman,  James  S. — He    was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Christie,  Gabriel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1793  to  1797,  and  from  1799 
to  1801. 

Christie,  Henri/. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1809  to  1811. 

Churchivell,   William  M. — He 

was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1852  to  1855. 

Cilley ?  Bradbury. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1813  to  1817. 

Cilley,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 

in  Nottingham,  New  Hampshire,  July 
2,  1802  ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College 
in  1825  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829;  was  at 
one  time  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  of  Maine,  of  which,  he 
was  a  member  from  1832  to  1837 ;  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1837  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  killed, 
at  the  third  fire,  in  a  duel  fought  with 
William  J.  Graves,  at  Bladensburg, 
Maryland,  February  24,  1838,  with 
rifles,  at  eighty  yards  distance. 

Cilley,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1846  to 
1847. 

Clagnett,  Clifton.— He  was  born 

in  Rockingham  County,  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  was  Judge  of  Probate  of  Hills- 
borough  County,  from  1823  to  1827; 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  one  or  two 
years ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1803  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


79 


1805,  and  again  from  1817  to  1821  ;  and 
died  in  1829,  aged  fifty-six  years. 

Claiborne,  John. — He  was  a  Re- 

preseiitative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1805  to  1808.  Died  during 
the  latter  year. 

Claiborne,  John  F.  H. — Was  a 

native  of  Natchez,  Mississippi ;  edu 
cated  and  licensed  as  a  lawyer  in  Vir 
ginia  ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  Mississippi  during  three  ses 
sions,  and  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1835  to  1838 ;  has  since  conducted 
the  Natchez  Fur  Trader  and  also  the 
Louisiana  Courier,  leading  journals  of 
the  South,  and  was  editor  of  an  agricul 
tural  journal  published  in  New  Orleans. 
He  held  the  office  of  United  States 
Timber  Agent,  for  the  Districts  of 
Louisiana  and  Mississippi,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Pierce. 
He  wrote  an  historical  work  relating  to 
the  Southwest. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel  H*  —  He 

was  born  in  Sussex  County,  Virginia  ; 
served  many  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State ;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1825  to  1837.  Died  in  Franklin 
County,  Virginia,  August  15,  1859, 
aged  eighty-three  years. 

Claiborne,  Tliomas. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1793  to  1799,  and  again  from 
1801  to  1805. 

Claiborne,  Thomas. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Claiborne,  William  C.   C.— He 

studied  law,  and  settled  in  Tennessee,  of 
which  State  he  assisted  in  forming  the 
Constitution,  and  afterwards  represented 
it  in  Congress,  from  1797  to  1801.  In 
1801  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Mississippi  Territory,  and  in  1804  of 
Louisiana ;  and  to  that  office  he  was 
also  chosen  by  the  people,  after  the 
adoption  of  its  Constitution,  from  1812 
to  1816.  He  was  then  elected  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  but  died  before  he 
took  his  seat,  at  New  Orleans,  November 
23,  1817. 

Clapp,  Asa  W.  H. — He  was  born 


in  Maine,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Clark,  Abraham. — Born  near  Eli- 
zabethtown,  New  Jersey,  February  15, 
1726.  He  was  a  self-made  man,  and  be 
cause  of  his  habit  of  giving  legal  advice 
gratuitously,  he  was  called  the  "Poor 
Man's  Counsellor."  He  was  Sheriff,  and 
Clerk  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  one  of 
the  Delegates  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  and  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence ;  and,  after  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution,  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1791  to  1794. 
He  died  September  15,  1794,  of  stroke 
of  the  sun. 

Clark,  Ambrose  W. — He  was  born 

near  Cooperstown,  Otsego  County,  New 
York,  February  19,  1810;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  was  employed 
in  a  printing  office  at  Cooperstown  until 
he  became  of  age ;  published  for  five 
years  the  Otsego  Republican ;  esta 
blished  and  published  for  eight  years,  in 
Lewis  County,  the  Northern  Journal; 
and  also  published  for  sixteen  years  the 
Northern  New  York  Journal,  in  Wa- 
tertown,  Jefferson  County.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Printing. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress  in  1862,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Printing,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Clark,  Archibald  S. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  New  York  Senate  for 
four  years,  beginning  with  1813,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1816  to  1817.  He  held 
the  several  positions  of  Clerk,  Surro 
gate  and  Judge  of  Saratoga  County. 
Died  at  Clarence,  New  York,  December 
4,  1821,  aged  forty-three  years. 

Clark,  Beverly  S. — He  was  born 

in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Clark,  Christopher. — He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1804  to  1806. 

Clark,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in 

Stratham,  Rockingham  County,  New 
Hampshire,  October  24,  1809;  gradu- 


80 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1834; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1837  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Legislature  in  the  years  1842, 1843, 
1846,  1854,  and  1855;  in  1857  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1861  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  other 
important  committees.  During  the  first 
session  of  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress 
he  was  chosen  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate. 

Clark,  Ezra,  Jr.— He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  and  having  removed  to  Con 
necticut,  was  elected  a  Kepresentative 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections. 

Clark,  Franklin. — He  was  born 
in  Maine;  a  merchant  by  occupation; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849.  Be 
fore  entering  Congress  he  served  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council  in  1855. 

Clark,  Horace  F. — He  was  born 
in  Southbury,  New  Haven  County,  Con 
necticut;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege,  Massachusetts  ;  adopted  the  law 
as  a  profession ;  and  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from 
New  York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary.  He  has 
also  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Aifairs. 

Clark,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Bedford  County,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1813  to  1816,  and  again 
from  1825  to  1831,  and  was  Governor  of 
the  State  in  1836.  He  died  at  Frank 
fort,  Kentucky,  August  27,  1839. 

ClarJc,  James  W. — Born  in  Bertie 
County,  North  Carolina ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1796;  was  for  seve 
ral  years  in  the  House  of  Commons ;  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1812;  three 
years  a  member  of  the  State  Senate ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1815  to  1817.  He  was  in  1828  appointed 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  Navy  Department, 


and  died  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his 
age. 

Clarkj  John  J5. — Born  in  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  April  17,  1802.  A 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  removed  to  Mis 
souri,  and  was  appointed  Clerk  of  How 
ard  County  Court,  in  1824,  serving  till 
1834.  In  1832  commanded  a  regiment 
of  mounted  militia  during  the  Black 
Hawk  war,  and  made  Major-General  of 
militia  in  1848 ;  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  during  the  session  of  1850-51 ;  was 
chosen,  by  the  State,  as  commanding 
officer  to  expel  the  Mormons  from  Mis 
souri,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Cornmit- 
tee  on  Territories.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Territories.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
but  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861 
as  a  Colonel,  having  been  expelled  from 
the  House  in  July,  1861. 

Clark,  Lincoln. — He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  and,  011  removing  to 
Iowa  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Clark,  Lot. — He  was  born  in  New 
York ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1823  to  1825,  when  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  at  Norwich,  New 
York  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1846. 

Clark,  M.  S. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
during  the  years  1820  and  1821. 

Clark,  Robert.— He  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  New  York ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State, 
from  1812  to  1815 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1819  to  1821 ;  and  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  held  in  the  latter  year. 

Clark,  Samuel.  —  He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835;  on  removing  to  Michigan,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Clark,  William. — He  was  for  some 
time  prior  to  1828,  State  Treasurer  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1828  was  appointed 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and  held 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


81 


the  office  for  one  year.  From  1833  to 
1837  he  was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress.  He  died 
in  Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  28,  1851. 

Clarke,  Bayard. — Born  in  New 
York  City,  March  17,  1815;  educated 
at  Geneva  College,  and  studied  law. 
In  1836  he  was  Attache  and  Secretary 
to  General  Cass's  Embassy  to  France, 
and  continued  in  that  position  four 
years.  He  then  took  a  course  of  study 
at  the  Royal  School  of  Cavalry,  in 
France,  and  afterwards  served  in  the 
Second  Regiment  of  Dragoons,  through 
the  Florida  war.  He  resigned  in  1843, 
and  settled  at  Westchester,  New  York, 
which  District  he  represented  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Clarke,  Charles  E. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851.  In  1839  and  1840  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Jefferson  County. 

Clarke,  Daniel. — He  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Orleans  or  Louisiana,  from  1806  to  1809. 

Clarke,  Freeman. — He  was  born 

in  Troy,  New  York,  March  22,  1809 ; 
commenced  active  life  as  a  merchant, 
but  for  twenty-seven  years  was  engaged 
in  the  banking  business,  first  as  Cashier 
of  the  Bank  of  Orleans,  at  Albion,  and 
subsequently  as  President  of  several 
banks  in  Rochester.  He  also  held  the 
offices  of  Vice-President  and  Treasurer 
of  one  or  more  savings  banks  and  of 
several  important  railroad  companies. 
In  1856  he  was  a  Presidential  Elector, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Manufactures,  and  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Clarice,  Henry  S. — Born  in  Beau 
fort  County,  North  Carolina.  He  stu 
died  law ;  went  into  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1834 ;  was  Solicitor  for  the  State 
in  1842 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Clarke,  John  C. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut ;  served  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  York  in  1826 ;  and  was  a  Repre 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from  1837 
to  1843. 

Clarke,  John  H. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island, 
from  1847  to  1853. 

Clarke,  Staley  N. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Claw  son,    Isaiah    D. — He    was 

bornin  Woodstown,  New  Jersey,  March 
30,  1822  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1840;  studied  medicine  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  taking  his 
degree  in  1843  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  Assembly  in  1853  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Clay,  Brutus  J. — He  was  born  in 
Madison  County,  Kentucky,  July  1, 
1808 ;  was  educated  at  Danville  Col 
lege,  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  Bour 
bon  County  as  a  farmer  in  1837.  In 
1840  he  served  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
was  subsequently  elected  President  of 
the  Bourbon  County  Agricultural  So 
ciety,  which  position  he  still  holds.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
State  Agricultural  Society,  was  re- 
elected  for  four  years,  and  then  declined 
a  re-election  ;  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  1860  ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agri 
culture,  and  as  a  member  on  that  of 
Revolutionary  Pensions.  Ever  since 
his  boyhood  he  has  been  devoted  to 
agriculture,  and  especially  to  the  rais 
ing  of  choice  breeds  of  cattle. 

Clay,  Clement  C. — He  was  born 
in  Halifax  County,  Virginia,  December 
17,  1789;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  East  Tennessee ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809  ;  and 
removed  to  Huntsville,  Alabama,  in 
1811,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since. 
During  the  Creek  war,-  he  saw  some 
service  as  a  soldier.  He  practised  his 
profession  until  1817,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Council  of  Alabama ;  in  1819  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Circuit 


82 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Court ;  in  1820  was  chosen  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  that  Court,  and  resigned  in  1823  ; 
in  1828  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  made  Speaker  ; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1827  to  1835 ;  in 
1835  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ala 
bama,  serving  two  years  ;  and  in  1837 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  the  term  ending  in  1842. 

Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr.— He  was 

born  in  Madison,  Alabama,  about  the 
year  1819  ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Alabama,  and  spent  two  years  at  the 
University  of  Virginia ;  studied  law, 
and  commenced  the  practice  at  Hunts- 
ville,  Alabama,  in  1840 ;  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  Alabama  in  1842,  1844, 
and  1845 ;  and  was  elected  by  the  Le 
gislature,  in  1846,  Judge  of  the  Madison 
County  Court,  serving  two  years,  when 
he  resigned.  In  1853  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Alabama, 
and  in  1857  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
of  six  years,  receiving  every  vote  in  the 
Legislature.  He  left  the  Senate  in 
February,  1861,  and  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion  of  that  year. 

Clay,  Henry. — Born  in  Hanover 
County,  Virginia,  April  12,  1777.  Hav 
ing  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  he  became  at  an  early  age  a  copy 
ist  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery,  at  Eichmond.  At  nine 
teen  he  commenced  the  study  of  law, 
and  shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Lex 
ington,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1799,  and  soon  obtained 
extensive  practice.  He  began  his  poli 
tical  career,  by  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  election  of  delegates  to  frame  a  new 
Constitution  for  the  State  of  Kentucky. 
In  1803  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  by  the  citizens  of  Fayette  County; 
and  in  1806  he  was  appointed  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  the  remainder 
of  the  term  of  General  Adair,  who  had 
resigned.  In  1807  he  was  again  elected 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Kentucky,  and  was  chosen  Speaker. 
In  the  following  year  occurred  his  duel 
with  Humphrey  Marshall.  In  1809  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Mr. 
Thurston,  resigned.  In  1811  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  and  was  chosen  Speaker, 
on  the  first  day  of  his  appearance  in 
that  body,  and  was  five  times  re-elected 


to  this  office.  During  this  session,  his 
eloquence  aroused  the  country  to  resist 
the  aggressions  of  Great  Britain,  and 
awakened  a  national  spirit.  In  1814, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  to  negotiate  a  treaty  of  peace  at 
Ghent.  Returning  from  this  mission, 
he  was  re-elected  to  Congress,  and  in 
1818  he  spoke  in  favor  of  recognizing 
the  independence  of  the  South  American 
Republics.  In  the  same  year,  he  put 
forth  his  strength  in  behalf  of  a  national 
system  of  internal  improvements.  A 
monument  of  stone,  inscribed  with  his 
name,  was  erected  on  the  Cumberland 
Road,  to  commemorate  his  services  in 
behalf  of  that  improvement.  In  the 
session  of  1819-20,  he  exerted  himself 
for  the  establishment  of  protection  to 
American  industry,  and  this  was  fol 
lowed  by  services  in  adjusting  the  Mis 
souri  Compromise.  After  the  settle 
ment  of  these  questions,  he  withdrew 
from  Congress,  in  order  to  attend  to 
his  private  affairs.  In  1823  he  returned 
to  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  Speaker ; 
and  at  this  session  he  exerted  himself  in 
support  of  the  independence  of  Greece. 
Under  John  Quincy  Adams,  he  filled 
the  office  of  Secretary  of  State ;  the 
attack  upon  Mr.  Adams's  administra 
tion,  and  especially  upon  the  Secretary 
of  State,  by  John  Randolph,  led  to  a 
hostile  meeting  between  him  and  Mr. 
Clay,  which  terminated  without  blood 
shed.  In  1829  he  returned  to  Kentucky ; 
and  in  1831  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  commenced  his 
labors  in  favor  of  the  Tariff;  in  the 
same  month  of  his  reappearance  in  the 
Senate,  he  was  unanimously  nominated 
for  President  of  the  United  States.  In 
1836  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate, 
where  he  remained  until  1842,  when  he 
resigned,  and  took  his  final  leave,  as  he 
supposed,  of  that  body.  In  1839  he  was 
again  nominated  for  the  Presidency, 
but  General  Harrison  was  selected  as 
the  candidate.  He  also  received  the 
nomination,  in  1844,  for  President,  and 
was  defeated  in  this  election  by  Mr. 
Polk.  He  remained  in  retirement  in 
Kentucky,  until  1849,  when  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States.  Here  he  devoted  all  his  ener 
gies  to  the  measures  known  as  the  Com 
promise  Acts.  His  efforts  during  this 
session  impaired  his  strength,  and  he 
went  for  his  health  to  Havana  and 
New  Orleans,  but  with  no  permanent 
advantage;  he  returned  to  Washington, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


but  was  unable  to  participate  in  the 
active  duties  of  the  Senate,  and  resigned 
his  seat,  to  take  effect  upon  the  6th  of 
September,  1852.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  June  29,  1852.  He  was 
interested  in  the  success  of  the  Coloni 
zation  Society,  and  was  for  a  long  time 
one  of  its  most  efficient  officers,  and  also 
its  President.  His  Life  and  Letters, 
and  also  his  Speeches,  were  published 
in  several  volumes  by  the  late  Calvin 
Colton. 

Clay.,  James  J5. — Born  in  Wash 
ington  City,  November  9,  1817.  He 
received  his  classical  education  at  Tran 
sylvania  University,  in  Kentucky,  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  went  to  Boston, 
where  he  spent  two  years  in  a  counting- 
house.  From  Boston  he  emigrated  to 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  then  a  city  of  only 
eight  thousand,  and  settled  upon  a  farm ; 
and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he 
returned  to  Kentucky.  After  spending 
two  years  in  the  manufacturing  busi 
ness,  he  graduated  at  the  Law  School  of 
Lexington,  and  practised  law  as  the 
partner  of  his  father,  the  Honorable 
Henry  Clay,  until  1849 ;  and  during 
that  year  President  Taylor  appointed 
him  Charg6  d' Affaires  !o  Lisbon  ;  and 
having  returned  home  by  order  of  the 
Government,  he  was  mentioned  by 
name  in  President  Fillinore's  Message 
of  1850.  In  1851  he  again  took  up  his 
residence  in  Missouri,  but  returned  to 
Kentucky  in  1853,  when  he  became  the 
proprietor  of  Ashland.  He  was  elected 
to  Congress  in  1857,  serving  one  term, 
and  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela- 
tions.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Convention  of  1861.  held  in 
Washington.  Died  in  Montreal,  Ja 
nuary  26,  1864. 

Clay,  Joseph. — He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1784  ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1803  to  1808 ;  and  died  in 
1811. 

Clay,  Matthew. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1797  to  1813. 

Clayton,  Aiigustin  S. — Born  in 
Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  November 
27,  1783,  and  died  at  his  residence,  in 
Athens,  Georgia,  June  21,  1839.  He 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Geor 
gia  ;  read  law,  and  practised  it  with 


eminent  success ;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1831  to  1835. 
He  was  for  many  years  skeptical  on  the 
subject  of  the  Christian  religion,  but  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  a  sincere  be 
liever,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  He  acquired  some 
distinction  as  a  politician,  and  the  politi 
cal  pamphlet  called  "  Crockett's  Life  of 
Van  Buren,"  is  said  to  have  been  the 
production  of  his  pen. 

Clayton,  John  M. — Born  in  Sus 
sex  County,  Delaware,  July  24,  1796 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1815 ;  was 
bred  to  the  bar,  having  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  John  Clayton,  and  for  a 
time  in  the  Law  School  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut.  He  commenced  practice 
in  1818,  and  soon  attained  eminence  in 
his  profession.  He  was,  in  1824,  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  subse 
quently  Secretary  of  State  of  Delaware; 
and  in  1829  was  chosen  a  Senator  in 
Congress.  He  was  re-elected  in  1835, 
and  resigned  in  December,  1836.  In 
January,  1837,  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Delaware,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1839.  He  was  again  elected 
to  the  Federal  Senate  in  1845,  and  was 
a  Senator  until  1849,  when  he  became 
Secretary  of  State  under  President  Tay 
lor,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
the  death  of  Taylor,  in  July,  1850. 
During  this  period  he  negotiated  the  fa 
mous  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty.  He  was 
for  the  third  time  elected  to  the  Senate, 
and  took  his  seat  March,  1851,  and  died 
a  Senator,  November  9,  1856.  During 
his  last  term  in  the  Senate,  he  vindi 
cated,  with  marked  ability,  the  princi 
ples  of  the  treaty  which  he  inaugurated. 
At  the  bar  he  was  a  learned  lawyer  and 
an  eloquent  advocate ;  and  during  his 
whole  public  career  acquitted  himself 
uprightly,  with  dignity  and  recognized 
ability.  He  had  two  sons,  both  of  whom 
preceded  him  to  the  grave. 

Clayton,  Joshua.  —  He  was  the 

Governor  of  Delaware  from  1793  to 
1796,  and  was  chosen  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  in  1798,  and  died  the  fol 
lowing  year. 

Clayton,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Dela 
ware,  from*  1813  to  1817,  and  United 
States  Senator  from  1823  to  1826,  and 


84 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


again  from  1837  to  1847.  He  had  been 
at  different  periods  a  member  of  the 
Delaware  Legislature,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  of  the 
Superior  Court.  He  died  in  Newcastle, 
Delaware,  August  21,  1854,  aged  se 
venty-six  years. 

Cleaveland,  J.  F. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1836  to  1839,  but  subsequently  re 
moved  to  Charleston,  where  he  became 
a  merchant,  and  died  May  19,  1841. 

Clemens,    Jeremiah.  —  He    was 

born  in  Huntsville,  Alabama,  December 
28, 1814,  and  was  educated  at  La  Grange 
College,  and  the  University  of  Alabama. 
He  studied  law  at  the  University  of 
Transylvania,  in  Kentucky,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834.  In  1838 
he  was  appointed  United  States  At 
torney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Ala 
bama  ;  in  1839,  1840,  and  1841  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ;  in  1842 
raised  a  company  of  volunteer  troops, 
and  went  to  Texas,  having  been  ap 
pointed  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  subse 
quently  to  the  same  office  in  the  regular 
army  ;  in  1843  and  1844  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature ;  in  1844  served 
as  a  Presidential  Elector ;  in  1848  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  Civil  and 
Military  Department  of  Purchase  in 
Mexico,  which  position  he  held  until 
the  close  of  the  war ;  and  he  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from 
1849  to  1853.  He  was  also  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1856.  As  an  author  Mr. 
Clemens  has  published  two  novels,  en 
titled  "Bernard  Lile,"  and  "Mustang 
Gray,"  the  first  in  1853  and  the  last  in 
1857.  He  was  subsequently  an  editor. 

Clemens,  Sherrard.  —  Born  at 
Wheeling,  Virginia,  April  28,  1826; 
graduated  at  Washington  College,  Penn 
sylvania  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  and 
during  political  campaigns  has  held  se 
veral  confidential  positions  in  his  native 
State ;  and  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  December,  1852,  to  March, 
1853,  and  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions.  In  1859  he  was  wounded  in  a 
duel  fought  with  Mr.  Wise,  and  was 
prevented  from  attending  the  second 
session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 


Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Commerce. 

Clements,  Andrew  J. — Born  in 
Jackson  County,  Tennessee,  in  1832 ; 
received  a  common  school  education.; 
studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Tennessee  in  1858,  after 
which  he  practised  his  profession  ;  and 
in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Tennessee,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress. 

Clendenen,  David. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1815  to  1817. 

Cleveland,  Chauncey  F.— Born 
in  Hampton,  Connecticut,  in  1799;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  that 
vicinity  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1819 ;  he  was  in  the  Con 
necticut  Legislature  in  1826,  1827,  1828, 
1829,  1832,  1835,  1836,  1838,  1847,  and 
1848,  and  twice  elected  Speaker.  He 
was  appointed  Attorney  for  the  State  in 
1832  ;  and  was  Governor  of  Connecticut 
in  1842  and  1843.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1853, 
and  also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861. 

Clifford,  Nathan. — He  was  born 
in  Rumney,  Grafton  County,  New 
Hampshire,  August  18,  1803.  He  fitted 
for  college  at  the  Haverhill  Academy, 
and  completed  his  educatio'n  at  the 
Hampton  Literary  Institution.  He  stu 
died  law,  and,  after  being  admitted  to 
the  bar,  removed  to  Maine  in  1827.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  from 
York  County,  in  1830,  and  re-elected 
for  three  years,  during  the  last  two  oc 
cupying  the  post  of  Speaker.  In  1834 
he  was  appointed  Attorney-General  for 
the  State  of  Maine,  which  office  he  held 
four  years ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1839  to  1843.  In 
1846  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  which  office  he  held  until  March, 
1847,  when  he  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  to  Mexico.  When  peace  was  de 
clared  between  this  country  and  Mexico, 
he  was  appointed  Minister  to  that  Re- 
I  public.  On  his  return  to  the  United 
j  States  he  settled  in  Portland,  devoting 
himself  to  his  profession ;  and  in  1858 
!  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


85 


Clinch,  Duncan  L. — Was  a  Ge 
neral  in  the  United  States  Army  ;  and 
from  1843  to  1845  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia.  He  was  a  brave 
soldier  and  noble-hearted  man.  Died  at 
Macon,  Georgia,  October  28,  1849. 

Clingman,  Tliomas  L. — Born  in 
Himtsville,  Surry  County,  North  Caro 
lina.  He  commenced  his  classical  stu 
dies  under  private  instructors,  and  after 
wards  entered  Chapel  Hill  University 
as  a  sophomore,  where  he  graduated. 
After  leaving  Chapel  Hill  he  studied 
law,  and  in  a  short  time  mastered  the 
elementary  principles  of  legal  jurispru 
dence  ;  but  just  as  he  was  about  to  enter 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons 
of  the  State.  On  his  retirement  from 
the  Legislature  in  1836,  he  removed  to 
Ashville,  in  Buncombe  County,  where 
he  still  resides.  He  was  soon  after  elected 
by  a  large  vote  to  a  seat  in  the  State 
Senate  of  North  Carolina.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  with  the 
exception  of  one  term,  he  has  been  a 
member,  until  recently,  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  ever  since  his  first  elec 
tion,  a  period  of  about  thirteen  years. 
On  entering  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
he  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and  on  the 
resignation  of  Senator  Biggs,  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  in 
November,  1858,  his  appointment  was 
confirmed  by  an  election  by  the  Legis 
lature.  Though  so  long  identified  with 
politics,  he  has  not  neglected  the  pur 
suits  of  literature  and  science,  having 
made  himself  acquainted  with  the  soil, 
climate,  and  manifold  capabilities  of  his 
section  of  North  Carolina ;  and  from 
time  to  time  has  given  to  the  world  the 
result  of  his  observations  upon  these 
subjects.  He  has  made  contributions  to 
the  sciences  of  geology  and  mineralogy, 
and  brought  to  light  many  facts  con 
nected  with  the  mountains  of  North 
Carolina,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of 
which  it  was  his  fortune  to  explore  and 
measure,  and  which  now  bears  his  name. 
He  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as 
a  Colonel,  having  been  expelled  from 
the  Senate  in  July,  1861. 

Clinton,  De  Witt. — Born  at  Little 
Britain,  in  Orange  County,  New  York, 
March  2,  1769.  He  graduated  at  Co 
lumbia  College,  with  the  highest  honors, 
in  1786.  He  studied  law,  but  never  en- 


much  in  its  practice.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York  in 
1799.  In  July,  1802,  he  fought  a  duel 
with  Mr.  Swartwout,  arising  from  poli 
tical  controversy  concerning  Mr.  Burr. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1802  to  1803,  and  was  chosen 
Mayor  of  New  York  in  1803,  holding 
this  office  until  1815,  excepting  the 
years  1807  and  1810.  While  he  was 
Mayor,  he  was  also  for  several  years  a 
State  Senator,  and  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor.  Under  his  auspices,  also,  the 
Historical  Society  of  New  York  and  the 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts  were  incorpo 
rated,  the  New  York  City  Hall  was 
founded,  the  Orphan  Asylum  estab 
lished,  and  the  city  fortified.  He  took 
a  great  interest,  as  early  as  1817,  in, 
and  did  more  than  any  other  man  in 
behalf  of,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  that  great 
work  was  finished  during  his  adminis 
tration  as  Governor,  in  1825.  In  1812 
he  consented  to  become  the  candidate 
of  the  Peace  party  for  the  Presidency  of 
the  United  States.  In  1823  and  1824 
he  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Canal 
Commissioners,  and  during  the  latter 
year  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State, 
and  in  1826  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office ;  he  afterwards  declined  the  em 
bassy  to  England,  offered  to  him  by 
President  Adams.  He  died  at  Albany, 
February  11,  1828. 

Clinton,  George. — Born  in  Ulster 
County,  New  York,  July  26,  1739,  and 
died  at  Washington  City,  April  20, 
1812.  He  commenced  life  by  sailing  in 
a  privateer  ;  served  as  a  Lieutenant  in 
the  expedition  against  Fort  Froiitenac  ; 
he  afterwards  studied  law  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  also 
of  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775  ;  he 
was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in 
1777  ;  was  Governor  of  New  York  for 
eighteen  years  ;  from  1795  to  1800  he 
lived  in  retirement ;  was  again  chosen 
Governor  in  1804 ;  and  having  been 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  during  the  last  year,  he  retained 
the  office  until  his  death,  consequently 
officiating  as  President  of  the  Senate  a 
period  of  eight  years. 

Clinton,   George,  Jr. — He    was 

born  in  New  York  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  in  1801  and 
1802;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1804  to 
1809. 


86 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Clinton,  James  G. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 

1841  to  1845. 

Clopton,  David. — Born  in  Geor 
gia  in  1820,  and  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Alabama,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 
Resigned  in  February,  1861,  to  take 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  that  year. 

Clopton,  JTohn. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1795  to  1799,  and  again  from  1801 
to  1816.  Died  September  11,  1816. 

Clowney,  W.  K. — He  was  born  in 
South  Carolina  ;  graduated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  in  1818 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  was  Commissioner  in 
Equity  of  South  Carolina  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1839. 

Clymer,  George. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1739,  and  was  a  patriot 
of  the  Revolution.  He  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  early  espoused 
the  cause  of  his  country.  In  1773  he 
resolutely  opposed  the  sale  of  tea  sent 
out  by  the  British  Government,  and 
not  a  pound  was  sold  in  Philadelphia. 
In  1775  he  was  one  of  the  first  Conti 
nental  Treasurers.  In  1776  he  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  and  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  In  1774 
his  furniture  was  destroyed  by  the 
enemy.  In  1780  he  co-operated  with 
Robert  Morris  in  the  establishment  of 
a  bank  for  the  relief  of  the  country.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  old  Congress  in 
1780,  and  a  Representative,  under  the 
Constitution,  from  1789  to  1791.  In 
1791  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
Excise  Department  in  Pennsylvania. 
In  1796  he  was  sent  to  Georgia  to  nego 
tiate  a  treaty  with  the  Creek  and  Che 
rokee  Indians.  He  was  afterwards 
President  of  the  Philadelphia  Bank  and 
of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  died 
at  Morrisville,  Bucks  County,  January 
23,  1813. 

Cobby'Aniasa. — Born  in  Crawford 
County,  Illinois,  September  27,  1823 ; 
received  a  common  school  education  ; 
emigrated  to  Wisconsin  Territory  in 

1842  ;  spent  five  years  in  the  lead  min 


ing  business,  and  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  as  a  private  soldier,  during  which 
time  he  occasionally  read  law,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  war  he  began  to  practice 
the  legal  profession.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  a  District  Attorney,  and  served 
four  years ;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  and  served  two  years  ;  in 
1855  he  was  appointed  Adjutant-Gene 
ral  of  the  State,  and  again  in  1857; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1860;  re-elected  in  1861,  and  chosen 
Speaker;  in  1862  he  served  in  the 
volunteer  service  as  Colonel  of  the  Fifth 
Wisconsin  regiment,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Wisconsin,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia, 
and  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee 
on  Enrolled  Bills. 

Cobb9  David. — He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1783;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1793  to  1795;  and  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature. 
He  died  April  17,  1830. 

Cobb9  George  T. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Cobb.  HotveU.—The  uncle  of  Sec 
retary  Cobb,  and  for  whom  he  was 
named,  was  born  in  Granville,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1807  to 
1812.  During  the  last  war  with  Eng 
land  he  served  with  credit  as  a  Captain 
in  the  army,  and  after  peace  was  de 
clared  he  settled  upon  a  plantation,  and 
devoted  his  whole  attention  to  agricul 
ture.  He  died  about  the  year  1820. 

•  Cobb9  Howell. — He  was  born  at 
Cherry  Hill,  in  Jefferson  County,  Geor 
gia,  September  7,  1815.  When  a  child, 
his  father  removed  to  Athens,  Georgia, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  gra 
duated  at  Franklin  College  in  1834 ;  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1836;  in  1837  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Solicitor-General  of  the 
Western  Circuit,  which  he  held  four 
years  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  in  1842,  having  been 
re-elected  in  1844,  1846,  and  1848,  and 
during  his  latter  term  he  was  elected 
Speaker.  On  his  retirement  from  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


87 


gress,  he  was  chosen  Governor  of  Geor 
gia  ;  in  1855  he  was  again  elected  to 
Congress ;  and  on  the  accession  of  Mr. 
Buchanan  to  the  Presidency,  Governor 
Cohb  went  into  his  Cabinet  as  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  He  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  so-called  Confederate 
Congress,  and  a  Brigadier-General. 

Cobb9  TJiomas  W. — He  was  born 
in  Columbia  County,  Georgia,  in  1784, 
and  attained  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1817  to  1821,  and 
again  from  1823  to  1824 ;  and  he  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  1824  to  1828. 
He  was  subsequently  chosen  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court,  and  died  at  Greens- 
borough,  February  1,  1830.  He  was  the 
author  of  many  political  Essays. 

Cobb,  Williamson  It.  IF.— He 

was  born  in  Ray  County,  Tennessee,  in 
1807,  and  in  1809  his  father  removed  to 
Madison  County,  Alabama,  wTith  the 
prosperity  of  which  State  his  name  has 
been  identified  for  many  years.  He 
received  a  good  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  then  turned  his  attention  to 
farming.  From  this  pursuit  he  was 
called,  in  1845,  to  a  seat  in  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  remained  two 
years.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Alabama, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  his  adopted 
State,  by  successive  re-elections,  down 
to  1860.  During  eight  years  of  his 
Congressional  career,  he  has  officiated 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Un 
finished  Business,  and  the  balance  of  the 
time  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands.  The  credit  is  awarded 
to  him  of  having  engineered  through 
Congress  the  Bounty  Land  Bill  of  1850, 
and  the  Graduation  Bill  of  1854. 

Coburn,  Stephen. — He  was  born 
in  Maine,  and  in  January,  1861,  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that  State, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Israel  Washburn,  Jr. , 
resigned. 

Cochran,  James. — He  was  a  Ma 
jor  of  militia,  and  represented  the  State 
of  New  York  in  Congress,  from  1797  to 
1799.  He  died  at  Oswego,  New  York, 
November  7,  1848,  aged  seventy-nine 
years.  He  was  at  one  time  Post-mas 
ter  of  Oswego. 


Cochrane,    Clark   JB. — Born   in 

New  Boston,  New  Hampshire,  May  31, 
1815 ;  graduated  at  Union  College,  Sche- 
nectady,  New  York  ;  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  in  1843  and  1844  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  New  York,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  "War  De 
partment.  He  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Cochrane,  John. — Born  at  Pala 
tine,  Montgomery  County,  New  York  ; 
studied  at  Union  College  and  graduated 
at  Hamilton  College,  New  York  ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  was  Surveyor  of 
the  port  of  New  York  for  four  years, 
and  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
acting  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce.  He  was  also  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  Also  served  as  a  General  of 
volunteers  in  the  Union  army  in  1861-2. 
In  1864  he  was  nominated  for  the  office 
of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
on  the  ticket  with  J.  C.  Fremont. 

Cocke,  Jolin. — He  was  born  in 
Brunswick  County,  Virginia,  in  1772  ; 
in  early  life  he  emigrated  to  Tennessee, 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and  be 
came  a  member  of  the  first  Legislature 
of  the  State,  in  1796  ;  he  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  for  many  years,  and  also  a 
member  of  the  Senate.  From  1819  to 
1827  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  adopted  State.  He  died 
in  Grundy  County,  Tennessee,  Febru 
ary  16,  1854. 

Cocke,  William. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  participated  in  the  military, 
civil,  legislative,  and  judicial  services 
of  that  State  ;  and  on  removing  to 
Tennessee,  became  a  General  of  militia; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1813; 
became  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Circuit 
Court ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1796  to  1797,  and 
again  from  1799  to  1805;  and  was  ap 
pointed  in  1814,  by  President  Madison, 
Indian  Agent  for  the  Chickasaw  na 
tion, 

Cocke,  William  M. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 


88 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  for  a  second  terra,  ending 
in  1849. 

Coclterell,  Joseph  R. — He    was 

born  in  Virginia,  and,  having  removed 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Public 
Expenditures  and  Expenses  in  the  War 
Department. 

Cockran,  James. — A  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1809  to  1813. 

Coffee,,  John. — He  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  died  in  Telfair  County,  of 
that  State,  September  25,  1836. 

Coffin,  Charles  G. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1838  to  1839. 

Coffin,  Peleg.—Tle  was  born  Sep 
tember,  1756,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1793  to  1795.  He  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  State  Senate,  and  was  State 
Treasurer  from  1797  to  1802.  Died 
March  6,  1805. 

Coffroth,  A.  H. — Born  in  Somer 
set,  Somerset  County,  Pennsylvania, 
May  18,  1828  ;  was  self-educated  ;  read 
law  and  commenced  the  practice  in  1851 ; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Charleston  Con 
vention  in  1860,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  served  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Inte 
rior  Department. 

Colt,  Joshua. — Born  in  New  Lon 
don,    Connecticut,    October    7,    1758; 
fraduated    at   Harvard    University   in 
776  ;  he  studied  law  and  settled  in  New 
London  in  1779 ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1793  to  1798. 
He  also  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Legislature   of  Connecticut.      Died  in 
New  London,    September   5,    1798,    of 
yellow  fever. 

Coke,  Richard. — He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  possessed  talents  of 
a  high  order,  and  an  energy  seldom 
equalled.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1829  to 


1833,  and  for  many  years  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar.  He  died  in  Abing- 
don,  Virginia,  March  30,  1851. 

Colcock,    William    F.— He    was 

born  in  South  Carolina  ;  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  in  1823  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
Speaker  of  the  House ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1849  to  1853. 

Colden,    Cadwallader  D. —  He 

was  for  many  years  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  bar ;  served  also 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State  ;  held 
the  post  of  District  Attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  many  years ;  was  at 
one  time  Mayor  of  New  York ;  and  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1821  to  1823. 
He  was  an  early  and  intimate  friend  of 
Robert  Fulton,  and  wrote  his  biogra 
phy  ;  he  was  highly  respected  for  his 
talents  and  virtues,  and  died  in  Jersey 
City,  New  Jersey,  February  7,  1834, 
aged  sixty-five  years. 

Cole,  Cornelius. — Born  in  Lodi, 
New  York,  September  17,  1822 ;  bred 
to  the  business  of  a  farmer ;  graduated  at 
the  Wesleyan  University  in  Connecti 
cut  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
emigrated  to  California  in  1849,  and 
mined  for  gold  one  year  ;  subsequently 
prosecuted  his  profession  in  San  Fran 
cisco  and  Sacramento  ;  was  District  At 
torney  at  the  latter  place  for  two  years ; 
and  in  1863  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  California,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 
From  1856  to  1860  he  was  a  member  of 
the  National  Republican  Committee, 
and  during  the  Presidential  campaign 
of  1860  was  the  editor  of  a  newspaper 
in  California. 

Cole,  George  E.  —  Was  born  in 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  December 
23,  1826;  went  to  Iowa  in  1849;  crossed 
the  plains  to  California  in  1850,  and 
went  to  Oregon  the  same  year ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  Legislature  in 
1851,  1852,  and  1853;  during  the  years 
1859  and  1860  he  was  Clerk  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  District  Court  for  Oregon ; 
removed  to  Washington  Territory  in 
1861 ;  and  in  1863  he  was  elected  a  De 
legate  from  Washington  Territory  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


89 


Cole,  Orsamus. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Wisconsin,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Coleman,  Nicholas  D. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1829  to  1831,  and  was  in 
that  year  appointed  Postmaster  at  Mays- 
ville,  Kentucky. 

Coles,  Isaac. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1789  to  1791,  and  again  from  1793  to 
1797. 

Cole^s,  Walter. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835  to 
1845. 

Coif  ax,  Schuyler.—Korn  in  New 

York  City,  March  23,  1823 ;  received  a 
good  common  school  education ;  was 
bred  a  printer,  and  settled  in  Indiana 
in  1836.  He  has  been  the  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  South  Bend  Register 
ever  since  he  became  of  age ;  was  a 
member,  in  1850,  of  the  Indiana  Con 
stitutional  Convention ;  in  1848  and 
1852  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Whig 
National  Convention  of  those  years,  and 
the  Secretary  of  each  Convention.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  In 
diana,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  each  successive 
Congress,  including  the  Thirty-eighth, 
serving  during  two  of  his  terms  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads.  He  is  also  a 
Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  ; 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress. 

Collamer,  Jacob. — He  was  born 
in  Troy,  New  York,  in  1792,  but  when 
a  child  removed  with  his  father  to  Bur 
lington,  Vermont.  He  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  1810 ; 
served  as  a  subaltern  during  the  first 
campaign  of  the  last  war  with  England  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1813 ;  practised  the  profession 
until  1833,  during  which  time  he  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature";  and  from  1833  to  1841  he 
was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont.  In  1843  he  took  his  seat  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  serving  by  re-elections  until  1849 ; 
in  March  of  that  year  he  was  appointed 


Postmaster-General  in  the  cabinet  of 
President  Taylor ;  resigned  in  1850, 
with  the  rest  of  the  cabinet,  on  the  death 
of  the  President  ;  and  was  soon  after 
wards  reappointed  on  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  his  State,  which  office  he  held 
until  1854,  when  he  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  for  six 
years,  from  1855 ;  and  in  1861  he  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads,  also 
that  on  the  Library,  and  as  a  member 
of  several  other  important  committees. 
He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  Vermont,  and  from 
Dartmouth  College,  New  Hampshire. 

Collier,  John  A. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1838. 

Collin,  John  F.— Born  in  Hills- 
dale,  Columbia  County,  New  York, 
April  30,  1802.  He  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  has  devoted  him 
self  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  served 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1834,  was  a 
member,  for  some  years,  of  the  County 
Board  of  Supervisors,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Collins,  Ela. — Born  in  Meriden, 
Connecticut,  February  14, 1786;  studied 
law  and  commenced  practice  in  Oneida 
County,  New  York ;  was  for  twenty 
years  a  District  Attorney,  displaying 
ability  as  an  advocate  ;  and  during  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  farming.  He  commanded  a 
regiment  of  militia  near  Sackett's  Har 
bor,  New  York,  in  1814 ;  represented 
Lewis  County  in  the  Legislature  of  the 
State,  and  in  1821  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention ;  he 
was  in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1825;  and, 
died  at  Lowville,  Lewis  County,  No 
vember,  23,  1848. 

Collins,  John. — Governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  from  1786  to  1789,  succeeding 
William  Greene.  He  was  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1789.  He  died  at  New 
port,  in  March,  1795,  aged  seventy- 
eight. 

Collins,   William.  —  He  was   the 

son  of  Ela,  and  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  Y"ork,  and  was  a  Representative 


90 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849.  He  studied  law,  and  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Lewis  County,  until 
he  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Colqnit,  Alfred  H. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Georgia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Cplquitt,  W.  T.—'H-e  was  born  in 
Halifax  County,  Virginia,  December 
27,  1799;  was  educated  at  Princeton 
College,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1820.  He  was  a  Brigadier-General  of 
militia  at  the  age  of  twenty-one;  in 
1826  was  appointed  a  District  Judge, 
and  held  the  first  court  ever  held  in  Co 
lumbus  ;  was  appointed  to  the  same 
office  in  1829 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1834  and  1837 ;  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1839  to  1843,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1849.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Nashville  Conven 
tion  in  1850;  and  he  died  at  Macon, 
Georgia,  May  7,  1855. 

Colston,  Edward. — Born  in  Berke 
ley  County,  Virginia,  in  1788,  and  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in  1806. 
He  served  for  a  long  time  as  magistrate 
of  the  county,  and  in  the  capacity  of 
High  Sheriff;  was  frequently  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1817  to 
1819.  He  died  April  23,  1851. 

Comef/ys,  Joseph  P. — Son  of  Cor 
nelius  P.  Comegys,  formerly  Governor 
of  the  State  of  Delaware ;  was  born  in 
St.  Jones's  Neck,  at  Cherbourg,  near 
Dover,  Delaware,  December  29,  1813 ; 
was  educated  at  Dover  Academy.  In 
May,  1831,  entered  the  office  of  J.  M. 
Clayton  as  a  student  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835.  Elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  the  State  in  1842  and  1848.  In 
January,  1851,  was  appointed  by  the 
General  Assembly  one  of  a  committee 
of  three  to  revise  the  statutes  of  the 
State.  In  November,  1856,  was  chosen 
by  the  Governor  to  fill  the  vacancy  in 
the  United  States  Senate  occasioned  by 
the  death  of  John  M.  Clayton. 

Comins,  Linus  jB.— Born  in  Charl- 
ton,  Massachusetts,  in  1817;  graduated 
at  the  "  Worcester  County  Manual  La 
bor  High  School;"  and  has  devoted 


himself  to  mercantile  business,  and  to 
manufacturing.  He  was  of  the  Rox- 
bury  City  Council  in  1846,  and  in  1847 
and  1848  President  of  the  Council ;  in 
1854  he  was  Mayor  of  Roxbury ;  and 
having  been,  soon  after,  elected  to  Con 
gress,  continued  in  that  position  to  the 
close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Comstock,  Oliver  C. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1810  and  1812,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1813  to 
1819. 

Condictf  John. — He  was  born  'in 
1755  ;  was  a  soldier  and  surgeon  during 
the  Revolutionary  war  ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  for 
several  years  ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1799  to 
1803  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1803 
to  1817;  and  again  a  Representative 
during  the  years  1819  and  1820.  He 
died  May  4,  1834. 

Condict,  Letvis. — Born  at  Morris- 
town,  New  Jersey,  in  March,  1773,  and 
was  a  physician  of  eminence.  From 
1805  to  1810  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  Legislature,  the  two  latter 
years  officiating  as  Speaker ;  in  1807 
was  a  Commissioner  for  settling  the 
boundary  between  New  York  and  New 
Jersey ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1811  to  1817,  and  from 
1821  to  1833.  He  was  also  at  one  time 
Sheriff  of  Morris  County,  and  died  at 
Morristown,  New  Jersey,  May  26, 1862. 

Condict ,  Silas. — Born  in  New  Jer 
sey  in  1777;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1831 
to  1833.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  State  Consti 
tution  of  1844 ;  for  many  years  Presi 
dent  of  the  Newark  Banking  Company ; 
and  was  frequently  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  New  Jersey.  Died  at  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  November  29,  1861. 

Conger,  Harmon  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1847  to  1851.  His  native 
State  was  Connecticut. 

Conyer,  James  L.— He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and,  on  removing  to 
Michigan,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


91 


Colliding i  Alfred.— He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1821  to  1823,  and  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  New 
York.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  Minis 
ter  to  Mexico. 

Conklincf,   Frederick  A.  —  He 

was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  New 
York,  August  22,  1816;  was  bred  a  mer 
chant,  and  has  followed  that  occupation 
in  the  city  of  New  York  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1854, 
1859,  and  1860 ;  and  was  elected  a  Re- 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs.  • 

Conkling,  Roscoe. — Was  born  in 
Albany  in  1828  ;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  in 
1849  he  was  appointed  District  Attor 
ney  for  Oneida  County;  in  1858  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Utica,  to  which  place 
he  had  removed  in  1846  ;  and  at  the 
close  of  1858  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  a  Bankrupt 
Law,  and  also  as  Chairman  of  that  on 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

Conner,  Henry  W. — Born  in 
Prince  George  County,  Virginia,  in 
August,  1793;  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  South  Carolina,  where  he  gra 
duated  in  1812 ;  in  1814  he  was  aide-de 
camp  to  General  Joseph  Graham  in  the 
Creek  war  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1821  to  1841,  when  he  declined  a  re 
election  ;  and  having,  in  1848,  served  in 
the  General  Assembly,  he  also  declined 
a  re-election  to  that  office,  and  retired 
to  private  life. 

Conner,  Samuel  S. — He  was  born 
in  New  Hampshire ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1806 ;  was  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  the  United  States  Army  in 
1812  (18th  Infantry);  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1815  to  1817.  He  also  held  the 
office  of  Surveyor-General  in  Ohio  in 
1819.  He  died  at  Covington,  Kentucky, 
December  17,  1820. 


Conness,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1819,  but  came  to  this  coun 
try  when  ten  years  of  age ;  was  among 
the  first  emigrants  to  California,  where 
he  became  engaged  in  mining  and  mer 
cantile  pursuits.  In  1854  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  re- 
elected  two  or  three  times.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  and  in 
1863  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  California,  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Finance. 

Conrad,    Charles    M. — He    was 

born  in  Winchester,  Virginia,  and  when 
an  infant  went  with  his  father,  first  to 
Mississippi,  and  then  to  Louisiana, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1828  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Or 
leans  ;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  in  1842  and  1843  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  in  1844 ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1849  to 
August,  1850,  when  he  became  Secre 
tary  of  War  under  President  Fillmore. 
Served  in  the  Southern  Rebellion  as  a 
Brigadier-General. 

Conrad,  Frederick. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Conrad,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Constable,  Albert. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Contee,   Benjamin. — He    was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1789  to  1791. 

Conway,    Henry    W. — He    was 

born  in  Greene  County,  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory  of  Arkansas,  from  1823  to 
1829. 

Conway,  Martin  F. — Was  born 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  about 
the  year  1830;  removed  to  Baltimore  in 
his  fourteenth  year  ;  was  bred  a  printer  ; 
followed  that  business  for  a  time,  and 
took  part  in  originating  the  National 
Typographical  Union.  He  subsequently 


92 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


studied  law  and  practised  for  several 
years  ;  went  to  Kansas  in  1854,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Council  of  the  first  Terri 
torial  Legislature.  Under  the  Topeka 
Convention  he  was  chosen  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1856  he  was 
President  of  the  Leavenworth  Consti 
tutional  Convention  ;  and  in  1859  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Kan 
sas,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian 
A  flairs. 

Cook,  Daniel  1*.—  He  was  born  in 
Scott  County.  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
from  1820  to  1827,  and  filled  with  great 
ability  the  post  of  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means.  By  such 
men  as  Mr.  Calhoun  and  Judge  McLean 
he  was  considered  a  man  of  remarkable 
talents.  He  died  at  the  age  of  thirty- 
two  years  in  October,  1827. 


y  E.  Sates.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1831  to  1833.  At  one  time  he  held 
the  office  of  Comptroller  of  New  York. 
Died  in  1841. 

Cooky  John  J5.  —  He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  on  taking  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 


Cook9  Orchard.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1805  to  1811.  He  was  a  mer 
chant  by  occupation,  and  for  some  years 
Sheriff  of  Lincoln  County. 

Cooky  Thomas  S.  —  He  was  a  Re 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1811  to  1813,  and  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1838 
and  1839. 

Cook.  Zadoek.  —  Born  in  1769  ;  was 
frequently  in  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819.  His  memory  is  said  to 
have  been  remarkable,  as  he  could,  after 
reading  a  chapter  in  the  Bible,  repeat 
the  same  from  beginning  to  end.  In 
1854  he  was  still  living. 

Cookey     Eleutheros.  —  Born    in 

Granville,  Washington  County,  New 
York,  December  25,  1787.  He  received 
a  liberal  education,  and  having  studied 
law,  practised  it  with  success  both  in 


New  York  and  Ohio,  until  1830.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1831  to  1833;  served  for 
many  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  before  and  after  entering  Con 
gress  ;  and  though  ostensibly  living  in 
retirement,  he  has  been  for  many  years, 
and  is  still,  very  frequently  called  upon 
to  address  the  citizens  of  Ohio  on  topics 
of  a  varied  nature,  on  account  of  his 
popularity  as  an  orator. 

Cookey  Joseph  JP. — He  was  born 
in  1730;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1750  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1811  to  1813,  and 
died  at  Danbury,  Connecticut,  in  1816.' 

Cooper y  George  J5. — Born  at  Long 
Hill,  Morris  County,  New  Jersey,  June 
6,  1808  ;  received  a  good  common  school 
education ;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1830 ;  served  in  the  two  houses  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  served  two  terms  as 
State  Treasurer  of  Michigan ;  held  the 
position  of  Postmaster  at  Jackson  for 
eleven  years,  which  he  resigned  when 
chosen  Treasurer ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Michigan,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress.  His  seat,  how 
ever,  was  contested  by  William  A.  How 
ard,  and  before  the  close  of  the  first  ses 
sion  the  latter  was  admitted. 

Cooper  y  James. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  Maryland,  May  8, 
1810.  He  commenced  his  education  at 
the  common  schools  of  the  county,  spent 
some  little  time  at  St.  Mary's  College, 
and  graduated  at  Washington  College, 
Pennsylvania.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1834 ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  in  1838, 
and  re-elected  in  1840;  in  1843  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  re- 
elected  in  1844,  1846,  and  1848,  serving 
in  1847  as  Speaker ;  in  1848  he  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  in  1849  was  chosen  a  Senator 
in  Congress  for  the  term  of  six  years. 
During  his  service  in  Congress  his  health 
was  feeble,  so  that  he  could  not  partici 
pate  in  the  debates  of  the  Senate  to  the 
extent  that  he  desired,  and  on  his  return 
to  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  subsequently  became  a  Briga 
dier-General  in  the  army,  and  died  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  March  1,  1863. 

Cooper,  Mark  A. — He  was  born 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


93 


in  Georgia,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1842  to  1843. 

Cooper,  Richard  M. — Born  in 
Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1829  to  1833.  He 
also  served  in  the  Legislature,  and  was 
President  of  the  State  Bank  at  Camden. 
Died  March  10,  1844,  aged  seventy-six 
years. 

Cooper,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Dela 
ware,  from  1813  to  1817. 

Cooper,  Thomas  IB. — He  was  born 
in  Cooperstown,  Lehigh  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  December  29,  1823  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Pennsylvania  College  at  Get 
tysburg,  and  also  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  in 
1843;  and  having  adopted  the  profession 
of  a  physician,  he  was  successful  therein. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1863,  but  died  at  Cooperstown, 
April  4,  1862,  during  the  second  session 
of  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Cooper,  William. — Born  in  New 
Jersey  ;  and  having  removed  to  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  became  the  founder 
of  Cooperstown.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1795  to  1797,  and  again  from  1799 
to  1801.  He  was  the  father  of  the  emi 
nent  author,  James  Fenimore  Cooper. 

Cooper,  W.  It. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersev, 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Corning,  Erastus. — Born  in  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  December  14,  1794. 
When  thirteen  years  of  age  he  went  to 
Troy,  New  York,  and  entered  the  hard 
ware  store  of  his  uncle  Benjamin  Smith, 
the  bulk  of  whose  property  he  subse 
quently  inherited.  In.  1814  he  removed 
to  Albany,  and  continued  in  the  same 
business,  establishing  the  well-known 
house,  still  in  existence,  of  Erastus  Corn 
ing  &  Co.  His  first  public  position  was 
that  of  Alderman  of  the  City  of  Al 
bany  ;  from  that  he  was  promoted  to 
Mayor,  which  office  he  held  for  three 
years.  He  was  also  for  several  years  an 
influential  railroad,  bank,  and  canal 


company  President ;  for  several  terms 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs.  In  1860 
he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means  ;  and  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861.  Re- 
elected  in  1862  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress. 

Comvin,  Moses  U. — He  was  born 
in  Bourbon  County,  Kentucky,  January 
5,  1790 ;  spent  his  "boyhood  on  a  farm  in 
Ohio;  received,  a  good  education;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1812.  In  1838  and  1839  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1849  to  1855,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Post-office  Depart 
ment. 

Corwin,  Thomas. — Born  in  Bour 
bon  County,  Kentucky,  July  29,  1794. 
Rising  from  humble  life,  he  became  dis 
tinguished  as  a  lawyer,  having  come  to 
the  bar  in  1817  ;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
Legislature  in  1822,  and  afterwards  a 
Representative  to  Congress,  from  the 
Warren  District,  in  1831.  He  continued 
a  member  of  the  House  until  1840 ;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840,  when  he 
was  chosen  Governor  of  Ohio,  in  Octo 
ber  of  that  year.  He  was  Governor  but 
two  years,  Wilson  Shannon  succeeding 
him  in  1842.  The  Whigs  having  a  ma 
jority  in  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  in 
1845,  elected  him  United  States  Senator, 
which  office  he  held  till  his  appointment 
in  the  cabinet,  in  1850,  as  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  under  President  Fillmore. 
He  was  long  known  in  Congress  as  an 
advocate  of  the  Whig  measures  of  policy . 
As  a  stump  speaker  and  before  a  jury, 
his  eloquence  is  singularly  effective.  In 
October,  1858,  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1859 ;  and 
during  that  year  a  volume  of  his 
Speeches  was  published.  He  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Af 
fairs.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  but  in  1861  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln  Minister  to  Mexico." 

Cotter al,  J.  L.  T.—  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  from  1846  to  1847. 


94 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Cottman,  Joseph  S. — Born  in 
Somerset  County,  Maryland,  August 
16,  1803;  received  a  classical  education; 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826;  served  in 
the  Maryland  Legislature  ;  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1849  ;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1851  to  1853. 
Died  in  Somerset  County,  Maryland, 
in  1863. 

Coulter,  Richard. — He  attained 
eminence  as  a  lawyer,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1827  to  1835,  and  died  in 
Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  21,  1852.  At  the  time  of  his 
death,  he  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania. 

Covington,  Leonard.  —  He  was 

born  at  Aquasco,  Prince  George  County, 
Maryland,  October  30,  1768.  In  1793 
he  obtained,  from  General  Washington, 
the  commission  of  Lieutenant  of  dra 
goons,  and  joined  the  army  under  Gene 
ral  Wayne  ;  he  distinguished  himself  at 
Fort  Recovery  and  the  battle  of  Miami, 
and  was  honorably  mentioned  in  the 
official  report  of  General  Wayne.  After 
the  war  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Captain,  by  Washington,  in  1794, 
and  retired  to  the  pursuits  of  agricul 
ture.  He  was  for  many  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1805  to 
1807.  He  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  in  1809,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  a  regiment  of  cavalry,  and  in  1810 
was  in  command  at  Fort  Adams,  on  the 
Mississippi,  and  took  possession  of  Ba 
ton  Rouge,  and  a  portion  of  West  Flo 
rida.  In  1813  he  was  ordered  to  the 
northern  frontier,  and  appointed,  by 
President  Madison,  Brigadier-General. 
At  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  he  re 
ceived  a  mortal  wound  while  animating 
his  men,  and  leading  them  to  the  charge, 
and  died  at  French  Mills,  November 
13,  1813,  two  days  after  his  fall.  His 
remains  were  removed  to  Sackett's  Har 
bor,  August  13,  1820,  and  the  place  of 
his  burial  is  now  known  as  Mount 
Covington.  He  had  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  best  officers  in  the 


Covode,  John. — Born  in  West 
moreland  County,  Pennsylvania,  March 
17,  1808;  a  farmer  and  manufacturer 
by  occupation ;  and  extensively  engaged 


in  the  coal  business.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures.  He  was  also  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was 
made  Chairman  of  a  Special  Committee 
appointed  to  investigate  certain  charges 
made  against  President  Buchanan  and 
his  administration.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures. 

Coivan,  Edgar. — He  was  born  in 
Greensburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law  ;  and  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Patents  and  the  Patent-office. 

Coiven,  Benjamin  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Coivles,  Henry  JB. — Born  at  Hart 
ford,  Connecticut,  March  18,  1798; 
when  eleven  years  old  he  removed  to 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  with  his 
father  ;  and  graduated  at  Union  College 
in  1816.  He  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1819 ;  in  1826, 1827, 
and  1828,  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Legislature,  from  Putnam 
County,  and  during  his  first  term  was 
Chairman  of  the  Select  Committee 
raised  to  investigate  the  "  Astor  Claim ; ' ' 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829  to 
1831.  In  1834  he  took  up  his  residence 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he 
continues  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion. 

Coac?  Anleder  M. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  removing  to  Kentucky, 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Congresses. 

Cox,  James. — He  was  a  native  of 

Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  hav 
ing  been  born  in  1753;  several  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly  ;  commanded 
a  company  of  militia  in  the  Revolution, 
having  been  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Germantown  and  Monmouth  ;  was  sub 
sequently  a  Brigadier-General  of  mill- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


95 


tia ;  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  during  the 
years  1809  and  1810.  Died  September 
12,  1810. 

Cove,  Samuel  S. — He  was  born  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio  ;  graduated  at  Brown 
University ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  and  was  also  an  editor  in  Ohio. 
He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation 
to  Peru  in  1855 ;  and  elected  a  Eepre- 
sentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Eevolu- 
tionary  Claims.  As  an  author,  he  pub 
lished  a  book  of  foreign  travel,  called 
' '  The  Buckeye  Abroad, ' '  and  on  literary 
topics  is  an  occasional  lecturer.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con- 

fress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
oreign  Affairs,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  same  Committee.  He  is  also  a  Ee- 
gent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution ; 
and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  in  1864. 

Coxe,  William. — He  was  a  Eepre- 
sentativein  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1813  to  1815;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  Assembly;  and  died  at  Burlington. 

Crabb?  George  W. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Crabby  Jeremiah, — He  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1795  to  1796. 

Cradlebaugh,    John.  —  He    was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  elected  a  Delegate, 
from  the  Territory  of  Nevada,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Crafts,  Samuel  C. — He  was  born 
in  Windham  County,  Connecticut;  and 

fraduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
790.  His  father  effected  the  settlement 
of  Craftsbury,  Yermont,  and  upon  the 
organization  of  the  town,  in  1792,  Mr. 
Samuel  C.  Crafts  was  chosen  Town 
Clerk,  and  held  the  office  for  thirty- 
seven  successive  years.  He  was  the 
youngest  delegate  to  the  Convention  for 
revising  the  State  Constitution  in  1793. 
In  1796,  1800,  1801,  1803,  and  1805,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Eepresentatives  of  the  State.  From 


1796  to  1815  he  was  Register  of  Probate 
for  Orleans  District.  In  1798  and  1799 
he  was  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Eepre 
sentatives.  From  1809  to  1812,  and 
from  1825  to  1827,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council.  In  1800  he  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  Orleans  County 
Court,  and  remained  such  till  1816, 
during  the  last  six  years  as  Chief  Judge. 
From  1825  to  1828  he  was  again  Chief 
Judge,  and  from  1836  to  1838  Clerk  of 
the  Court.  In  1816  he  was  elected  Ee 
presentative  to  Congress,  and  served  for 
that  and  the  three  succeeding  terms ; 
i.  e.,  from  1817  to  1825,  inclusive.  In 
1828  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Yer 
mont,  and  was  re-elected  in  1829  and 
1830.  In  1829  he  was  President  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention.  In  1842  he 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Paine,  and 
afterwards  elected  by  the  Legislature,  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  one  year.  He  thus  filled  every 
office  in  the  gift  of  Yermont.  He  died 
in  Craftsbury,  Yermont,  November  19, 
1853,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Cragln,  Aaron  H. — Born  in  Wes- 
ton,  Yermont,  February  3,  1821.  He 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature, 
from  1852  to  1855,  and  was  elected  a  Ee 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1865. 

Craig,  Hector. — He  was  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1829 
to  1830. 

Craig,  James. — Born  in  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  Legisla 
ture  in  1846  and  1847 ;  was  Captain  of 
a  volunteer  company  in  the  Mexican 
war  ;  Circuit  Attorney  for  the  Twelfth 
Judicial  Circuit  in  Missouri,  from  1852 
to  1856  ;  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads.  He  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads. 

Craig,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Yirginia,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in 


96 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1841. 

Craiffe,  Burton. — Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  March  13, 
1811 ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  in  1829; 
is  a  lawyer  "by  profession  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1832  and 
1834;  and  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee  ;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 
He  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861 
as  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Con 
gress. 

CraiJc,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1796  to  1801. 

Cramer,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1837  ;  having  been  elected 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
in  1821,  and  having  served  three  years 
in  the  Assembly,  and  three  years  in  the 
Senate  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Crane,  Joseph  H. — Born  in  Eliza- 
bethtown,  New  Jersey ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1829  to  1837  :  and  died  at  Dayton,  Ohio, 
November  12, 1851,  aged  seventy  years. 

Cranston,   Henry    Y. — Born  in 

Newport,  Rhode  Island,  October  9, 1789 ; 
received  a  limited  education  ;  worked  at 
a  trade  for  five  years  from  the  age  of 
twelve,  then  commenced  the  business 
of  commission  merchant;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  three 
years.  In  1818  he  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  held 
the  office  until  1833  ;  he  was  for  twenty- 
five  years  annually  elected  Moderator 
for  the  town  of  Newport ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  several  conventions  for  fram 
ing  and  remodelling  the  State  Constitu 
tion  ;  and  was  Vice-President  of  the 
Convention  in  1842.  From  1827  to 
1843  he  was  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Legislature ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1847,  when  he  was  returned  to  the 
Legislature,  and  was  several  times 
Speaker  of  that  body  until  1854,  after 
which  time  he  lived  in  retirement. 
Died  at  Newport,  February  12,  1864. 


Cranston,  Robert  .!?.  —  He  was 

born  in  Rhode  Island,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1843,  and  again  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Crary,  Isaac  E. — Was  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of  Mich 
igan,  in  1835  and  1836,  and  a  Represen 
tative  from  that  State  from  the  time  of 
its  admission  into  the  Union  in  1836,  to 
1841.  He  died  in  Michigan,  May  8, 
1854. 

Cravens,  James  Ji.  —  Born  in 
Rockingham  County,  Virginia,  Novem 
ber  4,  1818  ;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Indiana  in  1820 ;  spent  his  boyhood  in 
Washington  County,  where  he  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  has 
devoted  much  of  his  life  to  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  especially  to  the  raising 
of  the  best  breeds  of  cattle.  He  served 
as  a  Major  in  the  Mexican  war  under 
General  Taylor,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Buena  Vista.  In  1848  and 
1849  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Indiana  ;  in  1850  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  serving  three  years  ;  in  1854  he 
was  commissioned  a  Brigadier-General 
of  militia  ;  frequently  presided  over  the 
Board  of  School  Trustees  for  his  town 
ship  ;  was  Vice-President  and  President 
of  the  Washington  and  Orange  Coun 
ties  Agricultural  Societies ;  in  1859  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  of  In 
diana  to  the  important  position  of  agent 
for  the  State,  which  he  resigned,  and 
in  1860  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Territories.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Territories. 
His  father,  James  H.  Cravens,  was  also 
in  Congress. 

Cravens,  James  If. — He  was  born 
in  Rockingham  County,  Virginia,  in 
1798,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Crawford,  George  W.— Born  in 
Columbia  County,  Georgia,  December 
22,  1798.  He  graduated  at  Princeton 
in  1820 ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
the  practice  at  Augusta,  in  1822.  In 
1827  he  was  elected  Attorney-General, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1831 ; 
he  was  in  the  State  Legislature  from 
1837  to  1842  ;  and  in  1843  was  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


97 


to  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1843. 
and  re-elected  in  1845.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  President  Taylor's  cabinet,  as 
Secretary  of  War,  and  subsequently 
visited  Europe,  since  which  time  he  has 
lived  in  retirement. 

Crawford,  Joel. — Born  in  Colum 
bia  County,  Georgia,  June  15,  1783. 
He  was  educated  by  private  tutors  ;  be 
came  a  student  of  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1808.  In  1813  he 
joined  the  army  of  General  Floyd,  and 
served  through  the  whole  campaign  as 
aide-de-camp  to  the  General.  After  the 
war  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  ;  served  three  years  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1817 
to  1821. 

Crawford,  Martin  J. — He  was 

born  in  Jasper  County,  Georgia,  March 
17,  1820;  was  educated  at  the  Mercer 
University ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legis 
lature,  from  1845  to  1847.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  for  the  Chattahoochee  Circuit, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  in  the  last  on  the  Committees  of 
Ways  and  Means,  and  Roads  and  Ca 
nals.  He  was  also  elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  still  serving  on  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means.  Re 
signed  in  1861  and  joined  the  Great  Re 
bellion  of  that  year  as  a  member  of  the 
Rebel  Congress,  and  a  Commissioner  to 
Washington. 

Craivford,  Thomas  II. — Born  at 

Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  Novem 
ber  14,  1786.  He  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1804  ;  studied  law  for 
three  years  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1807 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1833.  During  the  last  year  named, 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ; 
in  1836  he  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  investigate  certain  alleged 
frauds  in  the  purchase  of  the  reserva 
tion  of  land  of  the  Creek  Indians  ;  in 
1838  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Van  Buren,  Commissioner  of  Indian 
Affairs,  and  took  up  his  residence  in 
Washington,  holding  that  office  for  seven 
years ;  and  in  1845  he  was  appointed, 
Dy  President  Polk,  Judge  of  the  Crimi 


nal  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
which  arduous  position  he  occupied  un 
til  his  death,  which  took  place  in  Wash 
ington,  January  27,  1863. 

Crawford,  William. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1809  to"  1817. 

Crawford,  William  II.  —  Born 
in  Amherst  County,  Virginia,  Febru 
ary  24, 1772,  and  with  his  father  settled 
in  Georgia  in  1783.  He  received  an 
academical  education,  and  subsequently 
had  the  management  of  Richmond  Aca 
demy.  He  studied  law  and  took  a  high 
position  as  a  lawyer.  He  served  four 
years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1807  to  1813, 
and  during  a  part  of  the  Twelfth  Con 
gress,  officiated  as  President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate.  President  Madison  in 
vited  him  into  his  cabinet  as  Secretary 
of  War,  but  he  declined  the  honor, 
accepting,  instead,  the  post  of  Minister 
to  France,  in  1813  ;  on  his  return,  how 
ever,  at  the  end  of  two  years,  he  went 
into  the  War  Department.  In  1817  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  where  he 
served  with  marked  ability  until  1825, 
during  which  year  he  received  a  flatter 
ing  vote  for  President  of  the  tlnited 
States.  In  1827  he  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Northern  Circuit  of  Georgia, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Albert  County, 
Georgia,  September  15,  1834. 

Creighton,  William. — Born  in 
Berkeley  County,  Virginia,  October  29, 
1778 ;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College, 
when  quite  young  ;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty  ; 
and  in  1798  he  settled  in  Chillicothe, 
Ohio,  devoting  himself  to  his  profes 
sion,  and  holding  many  positions  of 
public  trust.  He  was  the  first  Secretary 
of  State  for  Ohio  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1813  to  1817,  and  again  from  1827 
to  1833.  Died  at  Chillicothe,  October 
8,  1851,  having  for  many  years  pre 
viously  declined  all  public  office. 

Creswell,  John  A.  J. — Was  born 
in  Port  Deposit,  Cecil  County,  Mary 
land,  November  18,  1828 ;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1848;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
of  Maryland,  in  1850.  He  was  a  mem- 


98 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ber  of  the  Maryland  House  of  Delegates 
in  1861  and  1862.  From  August,  1862, 
to  April,  1863,  he  was  an  Assistant  Ad 
jutant-General  for  Maryland,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Mary 
land,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  and  Invalid  Pensions.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864. 


Crisfield,  John  W. — Was  born  in 
Kent  County,  Maryland,  November  6, 
1808 ;  received  his  education  at  Wash 
ington  College,  Chestertown ;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1830 ;  settled  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession,  in  Somerset  County ;  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  Legislature,  in  1836; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1847  to  1849  ;  in 
1850  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  ;  in  1861  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public 
Lands,  and  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Crittenden,    John   J. — He    was 

born  in  Woodford  County,  Kentucky, 
in  September,  1786.  When  quite  young 
he  entered  the  army,  and  during  the 
war  of  1812  served  as  Major  under 
General  Hopkins,  in  his  expedition, 
and  was  aide-de-camp  to  Governor  Shel 
by,  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames.  After 
adopting  the  profession  of  law,  he  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House  ;  he  entered  Congress  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Senate,  from  Kentucky,  in 
1817,  serving  then  but  two  years.  From 
1819  to  1835  he  continued  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession,  residing  princi 
pally  at  Frankfort,  and  again  occa 
sionally  representing  his  county  in  the 
State  Legislature.  In  1835  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  body 
until  March,  1841,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison.  In  September,  1841, 
he  resigned  with  the  other  members  of 
the  cabinent,  except  Mr.  Webster,  and 
retired  to  private  life,  from  which,  how 
ever,  he  was  soon  called  by  the  Legisla 
ture,  to  resume  his  seat  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  in  1842.  He  was  also 
elected  a  Senator  for  another  term  of 


six  years,  from  March,  1843,  but,  in 
1848,  having  received  the  Whig  nomi 
nation  for  Governor  of  Kentucky,  he 
retired  from  the  Senate,  and  was  elected 
to  that  office,  which  he  held  until  his 
appointment  as  Attorney-General  by 
President  Fillmore.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in 
1855,  for  the  term  ending  in  1861,  and 
was,  when  he  retired,  the  oldest  mem 
ber  of  that  body.  He  was  elected  in 
1860  a  Representative,  from  Kentucky, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress.  Died 
at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  July  25,  1863. 

Orocheronf  Hetivy.  —  He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1817. 


.  —  He  was  a  Re 

presentative    in   Congress,    from   New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

CrocJcer,  Samuel  L.  —  Was  born 
in  Taunton,  Massachusetts,  March  31, 
1804  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1822;  held  various  municipal  offices; 
and  in  1849  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council  of  Massachusetts  ; 
has  been  devoted  to  the  manufacturing 
business  ;  and  was  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress. 

Crockett,  David.  —  Born  in  Greene 
County,  Tennessee,  August  17,  1786,  of 
Irish  descent,  his  father  having  fought 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  com 
menced  the  active  duties  of  life,  when 
twelve  years  old,  by  turning  drover, 
and,  instead  of  going  to  school,  he  chose 
the  fortunes  of  an  adventurer.  He 
served  under  General  Jackson  in  some 
of  the  Indian  wars,  and  became  his  fast 
friend.  He  had  a  natural  bias  for  poli 
tics,  and  his  smartness  and  eccentrici 
ties  made  him  very  popular  on  the  fron 
tiers,  and  caused  him  to  be  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Tennessee.  He  was 
fond  of  the  woods,  and  had  no  equal  as 
a  bear-hunter.  He  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  in  1827,  and  served  until  1831, 
and  then  again  in  1833,  serving  until 
1835.  While  in  Washington  he  was 
always  at  his  post  of  duty,  never  forget 
ting  the  welfare  of  his  constituents,  and 
he  was  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in 
Congress.  The  most  striking  features 
of  his  disposition  and  mind  were,  un 
doubtedly,  of  a  whimsical  character; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


99 


but  behind  these  there  was  much  to 
command  respect  and  admiration.  He 
told  stories,  or  related  his  wild  adven 
tures,  with  wonderful  effect.  He  was 
killed  at  the  Alamo,  Texas,  March  1, 
1836. 

Crockett,  John  W. — He  was  the 

son  of  the  celebrated  David  Crockett,  a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1838  to  1843,  and  died  at 
Memphis,  November  24,  1852. 

Cross,  Edivard. — He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and,  011  taking  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Arkansas,  was  elected  a  Ee- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1845. 

Crouch,  Edward. — He  was  a  Ee- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Croivell,  John. — Born  in  Halifax 
County,  Alabama ;  was  chosen  Delegate 
to  Congress,  when  the  Territory  of 
Alabama  was  established  in  1817,  and 
served  till  1819,  when  the  State  Consti 
tution  was  formed,  and  he  was  elected 
first  Kepresentative  to  Congress,  serving 
till  1821,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims.  Soon 
afterwards  he  was  appointed  Agent  for 
the  Creek  Indians,  then  inhabiting  large 
portions  of  Alabama  and  Georgia,  and 
exercised  extensive  influence  over  them, 
until  their  removal  west  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  in  1836.  He  died  near  Fort 
Mitchell,  Alabama,  June  25,  1846. 

Crowell,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1847  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Croivninshield,  Benjamin  W. 

— Born  in  Essex  County,  Massachusetts, 
in  1774.  He  filled  with  general  accep 
tance  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
to  which  he  was  appointed  in  December, 
1814,  by  President  Madison,  and  served 
until  his  resignation,  in  November, 
1818.  In  1823,  he  was  elected  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  Salem 
District  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued 
in  that  position  until  1831.  He  died  in 
Boston,  February  8,  1851. 

Croivninshield,  Jacob. — He  was 

a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 


ture  in  1801,  and  was  elected  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1803  to  1805,  and  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  by  President 
Jefferson,  March  3,  1805.  Died  April 
14,  1808. 

Crosier,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 

Crudup,  Josiah. — He  was  born 
in  Wake  County,  North  Carolina ;  a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1821  to  1823,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Claims. 

Cruf/er,  Daniel. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  a  num 
ber  of  years,  and  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

Crump,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Powhatan  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1826  to  1827. 

Culbreth,  Thomas.  —  Born  in 
Kent  County,  Delaware,  and  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Cullen,  Elisha  D.— He  was  born 
in  Delaware,  and  elected  a  Eepresenta 
tive  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth 

Congress. 

Cullom,  Alvan. — He  was  a  native 
of  Kentucky;  adopted  the  law  as  his 

E'ofession ;    served   frequently   in    the 
egislature   of  Tennessee,  and   was   a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1845  to  1847.     He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Cullom,  William. — He  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1851  to  1855,  and  Clerk  of 
the  House  of  Eepresentatives  during 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress.  • 

Culpepper,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Anson  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
represented  that  State  in  Congress, 
from  1807  to  1808,  when  his  seat  was 
vacated  by  resolution  of  the  House ; 
but  he  was  re-elected,  and  served  from 


100 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1813  to  1817,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
from  1823  to  1825.  He  was  a  Baptist 
preacher,  and  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly,  but  his  seat  was  vacated  on 
constitutional  grounds. 

Culver,    Erastus    J>.  —  He    was 

born  in  New  York ;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1826  ;  served 
in  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1838 
and  1841,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Cumback,     William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Franklin  County,  Indiana, 
March  24,  1829;  was  educated  at  the 
Miami  University,  Ohio  ;  taught  school 
for  one  or  two  years  ;  attended  the  Law 
School  at  Cincinnati,  and  adopted  the 
legal  profession ;  and  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana,  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Cumminffs,    Thomas    W.  —  He 

was  born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Cummins,  John  D. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative,  from  Ohio,  during  the  Thirti 
eth  Congress.  He  died  of  cholera  at 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  September  11, 
1848. 

Cunningham,  Francis  A. — He 

was  born  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Curry,  J.  L.  M. — Bom  in  Lincoln 
County,  Georgia,  June  5,  1825,  and  re 
moved  with  his  father,  in  1838,  to  Talla- 
dega  County,  Alabama,  where  he  has 
since  resided  ;  he  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia  in  1843,  and  at  the 
Dane  Law  School,  Harvard  University, 
in  1845,  and  practised  law  with  success 
in  Alabama.  In  1846  he  joined  the 
Texas  Rangers  for  the  Mexican  war, 
but  soon  returned  on  account  of  ill 
health.  He  was  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  of 'the  Legislature  of  Alabama 
in  1847,  1853,  and  1855;  and  in  1857 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Re 
volutionary  Claims,  and  Expenditures 
in  the  State  Department.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 


Resigned  in  1861,  and  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion  of  that  year  as  a  member  of 
the  Rebel  Congress. 

Curtis.  Carlton  J5. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Curtis,  Edward. — Born  in  Ver 
mont,  graduated  at  Union  College,  New 
York,  and  practised  law  in  New  York 
City.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
councils  of  that  city,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1837  to  1841.  He  was  appointed 
Collector  of  New  York  by  President 
Harrison,  and  removed  by  President 
Polk.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of 
Daniel  Webster. 

Curtis,  Samuel  R. — Born  in  Ohio 
(while  his  parents  were  emigrating  to 
the  West  from  Connecticut),  February 
3,  1807.  He  graduated  at  the  West 
Point  Academy  in  1831,  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  United 
States  infantry,  but  resigned  in  1832. 
He  studied  and  pursued  the  profession 
of  law  in  Ohio ;  was  subsequently  an 
engineer  in  Ohio  and  Iowa ;  from  1837 
to  1840,  chief  engineer  of  the  Muskin- 
gum  Works  ;  during  the  Mexican  war 
he  served  as  an  Adjutant-General  in 
mustering  the  State  troops ;  he  went  to 
Mexico  as  a  Colonel  under  General 
Taylor,  and  acted  for  a  time  as  Gover 
nor  of  Matamoras,  Camargo,  Monte 
rey,  and  Saltillo,  performing  much  im 
portant  service ;  on  his  return  from 
Mexico,  he  practised  law  for  a  time, 
but  was  called  to  Iowa  and  Missouri  to 
perform  important  labors  as  an  engineer, 
in  improvements  of  harbors  and  the 
building  of  railroads  ;  and  having  finally 
settled  at  Keokuk,  in  Iowa,  he  was 
elected  from  that  State  a  member  of 
the  House  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  in 
1861.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  but  resigned  to  serve  as  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  Union  army 
in  1861. 

Cashing,  Caleb.— Was  born  in 
Salisbury,  Essex  County,  Massachu 
setts,  January  17,  1800.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1817,  and  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


101 


subsequently  a  tutor  there  of  mathe 
matics  and  natural  philosophy  ;  studied 
law  at  Cambridge,  and  settled  in  New- 
buryport  to  practice,  having  come  to 
the  bar  in  1822.  In  1825  and  1826  he 
served  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
1829  visited  Europe  for  pleasure,  pub 
lishing,  on  his  return,  "  Reminiscences 
of  Spain,"  and  "  Keview  of  the  Revo- 
lution  in  France,"  He  also  wrote  for 
the  North  American  Eeview.  In  1833 
and  1834,  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1843.  He 
was  appointed  by  President  Tyler  Com 
missioner  to  China,  and  as  such  nego 
tiated  an  important  treaty.  In  1846, 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature. 
In  1847  he  was  chosen  Colonel  of  the 
Massachusetts  Regiment  of  Volunteers 
for  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  after 
wards  appointed  Brigadier-General  by 
President  Polk.  In  1850,  he  was  for 
the  fifth  time  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  in  1851  was  made  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  When 
President  Pierce  came  into  power,  he 
invited  General  Gushing  into  his  Cabi 
net,  as  Attorney-General ;  and  on  his 
return  home,  he  was  again  re-elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State. 
In  office,  or  out  of  it,  he  has  the  reputa 
tion  of  being  a  hard  student,  and  his 
ability  as  a  lawyer  is  unquestioned.  In 
1860,  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
Charleston  Convention  to  nominate  a 
President. 

Cushman,  John  Paine. — He  was 

born  in  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  in  1784, 
and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1807. 
He  studied  law  and  removed  to  Troy, 
New  York,  where  he  practised  his  pro 
fession.  He  served  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819  ;  and  in  1838,  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  having  pre 
viously  been  Recorder  of  the  City  of 
Troy,  and  one  of  the  Regents  of  the 
State  University.  Died  in  Troy,  New 
York,  September  16,  1848.  He  was  a 
man  of  eminence  in  his  profession,  and 
discharged  with  ability  the  various 
offices  with  which  he  was  intrusted. 

Cushman,  Joshua. — He  was  born 
in  Plymouth,  Massachusetts ;  graduated 
at  Cambridge  in  1787 ;  studied  divinity ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1819  to  1821 ;  and 
represented  Maine,  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1825,  after  its  separation  from 


Massachusetts.  He  was  also  a  State 
Senator  in  1809,  1810,  1828,  and  1829, 
and  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1811 
and  1834,  when  he  died. 

Cushman,  Samuel. — Born  in  1783; 
was  Judge  of  the  Police  Court  of  Ports 
mouth,  New  Hampshire,  and  held  seve 
ral  offices  of  trust  in  the  State  ;  such  as 
Councillor,  from  1833  to  1835;  County 
Treasurer,  from  1823  to  1828 ;  and  Navy 
Agent  at  Portsmouth,  from  1845  to  1849. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1835  to  1839,  and  died  in  Ports 
mouth,  May  20,  1851. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred.  —  Born  in  Sa 
vannah,  Georgia;  he  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1803;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1814  to  1817;  again,  from  1821 
to  1827,  and  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  1837  to  1843.  Died  in  1856. 

Cuthbert,  John  A. — He  was  born 
in  Savannah,  Georgia;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1805;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  was 
appointed,  by  the  President,  in  1822,  a 
Commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek 
and  Cherokee  Indians. 

Cutler,  Manasseh. — He  was  born 
in  Killingly,  Connecticut,  in  1742,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1765; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1767 ;  removed  to  Dedham,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1769;  studied  for  the  mi 
nistry,  and  was  ordained  in  1771 ;  and 
was  settled  as  a  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Hamilton,  Massachusetts,  September 
11,  1771.  He  distinguished  himself  by 
his  attention  to  several  branches  of  na 
tural  history,  particularly  by  making 
the  first  essay  toward  a  scientific  de 
scription  of  the  plants  of  New  England, 
an  account  of  several  hundred  of  which, 
communicated  by  him,  was  published 
by  the  American  Academy,  of  which  he 
was  a  member.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
scientific  explorers  of  the  White  Moun 
tains.  In  1787  he  organized  an  expe 
dition  for  the  Northwest  Territory,  and 
in  1788,  with  General  Rufus  Putnam, 
commenced  a  settlement  at  Marietta,  on 
the  Muskingum,  Ohio.  In  1790  he  re 
turned,  with  his  family,  to  New  Eng 
land,  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Legislature,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Hamilton,  Massachusetts,  until  his 


102 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


death.  In  1800  he  was  elected  to  a  seat 
in  Congress,  and  retained  it  till  1804, 
when  he  declined  any  further  political 
employment,  from  its  interference  with 
his  professional  duties.  He  died  July 
28,  1823. 

Cutler,  William  P.— Born  near 
Marietta,  Ohio,  July  12,  1813;  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1844, 
1845,  and  1846,  officiating  as  Speaker  of 
the  House  during  the  last  term ;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1850 ;  from  that  period  until 
elected  to  Congress,  he  was  President 
of  the  Marietta  and  Cincinnati  Eailroad 
Company ;  arid  he  was  elected  a  Eepre- 
sentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia,  and  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Cutting,  Francis  B. — He  was  born 
in  New  York  ;  was  liberally  educated, 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  in 
1836  and  1837  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  York,  from  the  city 
of  New  York ;  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Cutts,  Charles. — Born  in  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1769;  entered  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1786 ;  graduated  in  1790 ;  studied 
law  with  Judge  Pickering;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1804, 
and  then  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
sent  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1810, 
from  New  Hampshire,  and  served  till 
1813 ;  and  chosen  Secretary  of  the  Se 
nate,  from  1814  to  1825.  By  appoint 
ment,  he  entered  the  Senate,  for  a  second 
term,  in  1813,  but  resigned  in  June  of 
that  year.  He  died  in  Virginia,  in  1846. 

Cutts,  Richard. — Born  June  22, 
1771,  at  Cutts  Island,  Saco,  in  the  pro 
vince  or  district  of  Maine,  then  consti 
tuting  a  part  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  and  received  his  early 
education  at  Harvard  University,  at 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1790, 
and  in  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age. 
He  studied  law,  was  extensively  en 
gaged  in  commerce,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  politics.  He  visited  Europe,  and 
on  his  return,  after  serving  two  succes 
sive  years  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Court  of  Massachusetts,  he  was,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-nine,  in  1800,  elected  by 
the  people  of  his  district  a  member  of 


the  House  of  Eepresentatives  of  the 
United  States.  He  took  his  seat  in  the 
House,  December  7,  1801,  and  through 
six  successive  Congresses,  constantly 
sustained  by  the  continued  confidence 
of  his  constituents,  he  gave  a  firm  sup 
port  to  President  Jefferson's  adminis 
tration,  and  to  that  of  his  successor, 
President  Madison,  until  the  close  of 
his  first  term,  March  3,  1813,  having 
patriotically  sustained,  by  his  votes, 
non-importation,  non-intercourse,  the 
embargo,  and  finally  war,  as  measures 
called  for  by  the  honor  and  interest  of 
the  nation,  although  ruinous  to  his 
private  fortune.  On  the  3d  of  June,  of 
that  year,  he  was  appointed  Superinten 
dent-General  of  Military  Supplies,  an 
office  created  by  the  act  of  March  3, 
1813,  the  functions  of  which  were  re 
quired  only  during  the  continuance  of 
the  war.  The  office  was  accordingly 
abolished  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1817, 
to  provide  for  the  prompt  settlement  of 
public  accounts.  By  the  same  act,  the 
office  of  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Trea 
sury  was  created,  to  which  Mr.  Cutts 
was  immediately  appointed  by  President 
James  Monroe,  and  which  he  held  until 
1829 ;  after  which  he  resided  in  the  city 
of  "Washington,  in  the  retirement  of  pri 
vate  life,  until  his  death,  April  7,  1845. 

Daggett,  David. — Born  in  Attle- 
borough,  Massachusetts,  December  31, 
1764;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1783, 
and  was  professor  of  law  in  that  insti 
tution.  He  was  State's  Attorney  and 
Mayor  of  New  Haven,  and  frequently 
a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  mem 
ber  of  the  Council.  From  1813  to  1819 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut;  from  1826  to  1832  he  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
and  was  Chief  Judge  from  1832  to  1834, 
when  he  attained  the  age  of  seventy 
years.  He  died  April  12,  1851. 

Daily,  Samuel  G. — He  was  elected 
a  Delegate,  from  the  Territory  of  Ne 
braska,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress. 

Dallas,    George    Mijflin.  —  Ile 

was  born,  July  10,  1792,  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  where  he  received  his 
early  education.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1810;  commenced 
the  study  of  law  in  his  father's  office  in 
Philadelphia  ;  and  was  admitted  to  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


103 


bar  in  1813.  In  the  same  year  he  ac 
companied  Mr.  Gallatin  to  Russia  as 
his  private  secretary,  when  that  gentle 
man  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
commission  to  negotiate  a  peace  under 
the  mediation  of  Alexander.  During 
his  absence,  he  visited  Russia,  France, 
England,  Holland,  and  the  Nether 
lands.  He  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1814,  and  after  assisting  his 
father  for  a  time  in  his  duties  as  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury,  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Phila 
delphia.  In  1817  he  was  appointed  the 
deputy  of  the  Attorney-General  of 
Philadelphia,  and  soon  won  a  high  re 
putation  as  a  criminal  lawyer.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  politics,  and  in 
1825  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  on  the  accession  of  General 
Jackson,  in  1829,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  office  of  District  Attorney,  the  same 
office  which  had  been  held  by  his  father. 
This  post  he  held  until  1831,  when  a 
vacancy  having  occurred  in  the  repre 
sentation  from  Pennsylvania  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  Mr.  Dallas  was 
chosen  to  fill  it.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  debates  of  the  stormy  ses 
sion  of  1832-33.  On  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office  in  1833,  he  declined  a 
re-election,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1837  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Van  Buren,  Ambassador 
to  Russia,  and  remained  in  that  coun 
try  until  October,  1839,  when  he  re 
turned  home,  and  once  more  devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  law.  In  1844 
he  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States,  and  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office  in  March  of  the  fol 
lowing  year.  His  term  of  office  expired 
in  March,  1849,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Fillmore.  He  was  appointed 
by  President  Pierce,  in  1856,  to  succeed 
Mr.  Buchanan  as  Minister  at  the  Court 
of  St.  James,  in  which  position  he  was 
retained  by  Mr.  Buchanan,  when  he 
became  President. 

Dalton,  Tristmn. — Was  born  in 
that  portion  of  Newbury,  Massachu 
setts,  now  Newburyport,  in  1783,  and 
at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  graduated 
at  Harvard  University.  He  studied 
law  as  an  accomplishment,  the  fortune 
which  he  inherited  from  his  father  not 
requiring  him  to  practise  it  as  a  pro 
fession,  and  he  took  a  deep  interest  in 
the  cultivation  of  a  large  landed  estate, 
in  what  is  now  the  town  of  West  New 


bury.  Washington,  John  Adams, 
Louis  Philippe,  Talleyrand,  and  other 
distinguished  guests  partook  of  his  hos 
pitalities.  As  eminent  for  piety  as  he 
was  for  mental  endowments,  the  Episco 
pal  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  warden, 
shared  in  his  generous  liberality  ;  and 
he  was  also  noted  for  the  aifectionate 
interest  which  he  took  in  the  welfare  of 
his  servants,  both  black  and  white.  He 
was  a  Representative,  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  a  Senator 
in  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  in  the  First 
Congress  after  the  adoption  of  the  Fede 
ral  Constitution.  When  Washington 
City  was  founded,  Mr.  Dalton  invested 
his  entire  fortune  in  lands  there,  and 
lost  it  by  the  mismanagement  of  a  busi 
ness  agent.  At  the  same  time  a  vessel, 
which  was  freighted  with  his  furniture 
and  valuable  library,  was  lost  on  her 
voyage  from  Newburyport  to  Washing 
ton,  and  he  thus  found  himself,  after 
having  lived  sixty  years  in  affluence, 
penniless.  Several  offices  of  profit  and 
honor  were  immediately  tendered  him 
by  the  Government,  and  he  accepted 
the  Surveyorship  of  Boston.  He  died 
in  Boston  in  June,  1817,  and  his  remains 
were  taken  to  Newburyport,  where  they 
were  interred  in  the  burial-ground  of 
St.  Paul's  Church. 

Damrell,  William  S. — Born  in 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  Novem 
ber  20,  1809;  never  had  the  privilege 
of  even  a  common  school  education ; 
was  by  trade  a  printer  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Massachusetts, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  where 
he  served  on  the  Committee  on  Engra 
ving,  and  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and 
Canals.  Died  at  Boston,  May  17,  1860. 

Dana,  Amasa. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1828 
and  1829,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 

Dana?  Judah. — Born  in  Massa 
chusetts  in  1772;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1795  ;  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Fryeburg ;  was  At 
torney  for  Oxford  County  for  six  years  ; 
Judge  of  Probate  for  twenty  years  ; 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for  nine 
years;  one  of  the  Committee  which 
drafted  the  Constitution  of  Maine ;  a 


104 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the 
State  in  1834 ;  and  by  appointment  of 
the  Governor,  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  during  the  years  1836  and  1837. 
He  died  at  Fryeburg,  Maine,  December 
27,  1845. 

Dana.  Samuel. — He  was  a  re 
spectable  lawyer  and  a  judge,  and  during 
the  years  1814  and  1815  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts. 
He  died  at  Charlestown  in  November, 
1835,  in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age. 

Dana,  Samuel  W. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut  in  1747,  and  died  July 
21,  1830.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1775,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1810  to  1821. 

Dane,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 

Beverly,  Essex  County,  Massachusetts, 
October  25,  1778,  and  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1799.  He  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  removing  to 
Kennebunk,  Maine,  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1816  and  1819,  and  from  1820  to  1823  he 
represented  the  York  District  of  Maine 
in  Congress ;  was  subsequently  in  the 
Legislature  as  a  member  of  the  House 
for  six  years,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  in  1829.  He  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1817,  and  to  a  similar  station 
in  Maine  in  1841,  but  he  declined  both 
offices.  He  settled  in  Kennebunk  early 
in  the  present  century,  where  he  died, 
May  1,  1858. 

Daniel,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
1793,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1827  to 
1833,  where  he  had  a  famous  encounter 
with  Tristam  Burgess. 

Daniel,  John  R.  J.  —  Born  in 
Halifax  County,  North  Carolina;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  that  State  in 
1821 ;  studied  law,  and  practised  it  with 
success.  He  served  for  several  years  in 
the  General  Assembly,  and  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  the  State  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1853,  serving  through  several  sessions 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims. 

Danner,  Joel  B. — He  was  a  Ke- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1850  to  1851. 


Darby,  Ezra. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from' 1804  to  1808.  Died  January  28, 
1808. 

Darby,  John  Fletcher. — Born  in 
Person  County,  North  Carolina,  Decem 
ber  10,  1803.  In  1818  he  removed  with 
his  father  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  St. 
Louis  County,  where,  until  1823,  he 
worked  on  a  farm,  pursuing  his  studies 
under  many  difficulties,  having  pre 
viously  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion  in  his  native  town.  After  the  death 
of  his  parents,  in  1825,  he  applied  for 
an  appointment  at  West  Point,  but  being 
unsuccessful,  sold  out  his  father's  estate, 
and  went  to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  and 
studied  law  with  Mr.  Crittenden.  In 
May,  1827,  having  a  license  to  practise 
from  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky, 
he  returned  to  Missouri  and  commenced 
his  professional  life.  He  was  four  times 
chosen  Mayor  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis, 
and  once  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Dargan,   Edward  S.  —  He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  removed  in 
early  youth  to  Alabama,  where  he  sub 
sequently  taught  school  and  studied  law. 
In  1844  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Mo 
bile  ;  from  1845  to  1847  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress ;  and  during  the 
latter  year  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Alabama. 

Darling,  Mason  C.  —  Born  in 
Bellingham,  Massachusetts,  May  18, 
1801  ;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion  ;  commenced  active  life  as  a  school 
teacher  in  New  York  ;  and  having  stu 
died  medicine,  graduated  at  the  Berk 
shire  Medical  Institution  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1824.  He  practised  his  profession 
for  thirteen  years,  when  he  removed  to 
Wisconsin,  and  aided  in  establishing 
the  towns  of  Sheboygan  and  Fond  du 
Lac.  The  principal  offices  held  by  him, 
in  Wisconsin,  were  those  of  Judge  of 
Probate,  Mayor  of  Fond  du  Lac,  a  mem 
ber,  for  several  years,  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  the  State  of  Wisconsin, 
from  1847  to  1849. 

Darlington,  Edward.— He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1839. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


105 


Darlington,  Isaac.  —  Born  in 
Westtown,  Chester  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  December  13,  1781,  and  died  April 
27,  1839.  He  was  brought  up  to  hard 
labor,  partly  on  a  farm,  and  in  the  shop 
of  his  father,  a  worthy  blacksmith,  and 
was  a  Quaker  in  religion.  He  educated 
himself,  taught  school,  studied  law,  and 
was  successful  as  a  practitioner.  In 
1807  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  served  as  a  volunteer  Lieutenant 
in  the  last  war  with  England  ;  and  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1817  to 
1819, — declining  a  re-election.  In  1820 
he  was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney-Ge 
neral  for  Chester  County,  and  in  1821 
was  appointed  President  Judge  of  the 
County  Court,  which  he  held  until  his 
death. 

Darlington,  William. — Born  in 
Birmingham,  Chester  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  April  28,  1782.  He  was  brought 
up  on  a  farm  until  eighteen  years  old, 
trained  in  the  religion  of  George  Fox, 
and  when  young  had  but  a  limited  edu 
cation.  He  studied  medicine,  and  in 
1804  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1806  he  was  disowned 
by  the  Society  of  Friends  for  accepting 
the  appointment  of  surgeon  to  a  mili 
tary  regiment ;  in  1807  he  went  to  In 
dia  as  surgeon  of  a  merchant  ship ;  in 
1811  and  1812  he  assisted  in  establishing 
the  West  Chester  Academy,  Pennsyl 
vania,  of  which  he  was  long  a  Trustee 
and  the  Secretary  ;  in  1813  he  prepared 
a  catalogue  of  plants  of  his  native  coun 
ty  ;  in  1814  he  took  part  in  establishing 
the  Bank  of  West  Chester,  and  was  its 
President.  When  Washington  City 
was  attacked  by  the  British,  he  went  to 
camp  as  a  volunteer  ;  and  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  again  from  1819 
to  1823.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
"American  Philosophical  Society;" 
was  a  Canal  Commissioner  in  1825.  In 
1826  he  aided  in  forming  a  Natural  His 
tory  Society  in  West  Chester,  and  was 
elected  President  of  the  same ;  and  on 
account  of  his  devotion  to  science  and 
his  scientific  learning,  a  number  of  rare 
plants  were  named  after  him  by  leading 
naturalists  of  Switzerland  and  America. 
He  also  held  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Chester  County ;  •  aided  in 
founding  and  was  President  of  the 
"  West  Chester  Medical  Society;"  was 
President  of  a  railway  company ;  in  1847 
he  was  robbed  of  $50,000  belonging  to 


the  bank  of  which  he  was  president ;  his 
publications  on  botany  and  kindred  sub 
jects  are  quite  numerous  ;  in  1848  he  re 
ceived  from  Yale  College  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws,  and  in  1855  that  of 
Doctor  of  Physical  Science  from  Dick 
inson  College  ;  and  he  has  been  elected 
a  member  of  some  forty  learned  socie 
ties,  in  America  and  Europe.  Died  in 
1863. 

Darragh,   Cornelius.  —  He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

Davee,  Thomas. — Born  in  Ply 
mouth,  Massachusetts,  December  9, 
1797 ;  removed  to  Maine,  and  was  bred 
a  merchant ;  served  six  years  in  the 
two  Houses  of  the  Maine  Legislature  ; 
served  a  second  term  in  the  State  As 
sembly,  and  was  chosen  Speaker ;  he 
was  also  High  Sheriff  of  Somerset 
County;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1841.  He  was  also, 
for  many  years,  a  Postmaster  in  Maine, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  Sena 
tor  elect  of  the  State  Legislature.  He 
died,  supported  by  the  hopes  of  the 
Christian,  December  9,  1841. 

Davenport,  Franklin. — He  was 

a  Senator  in  Congress,  from.  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1798  to  1799,  but  was  super 
seded,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1799  to  1801. 

Davenport,   James. — He  was  a 

graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1777,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1796  to  1797,  in  which 
year  he  died. 

Davenport,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1770;  was  a  tutor  in  that  Col 
lege;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1799  to  1817. 
He  died  in  1830. 

Davenport,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1827  to  1829. 

Davenport,    Thomas. — He  was 

born  in  Cumberland  County,  Virginia, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1825  to  1835,  and 
died  in  Halifax  County,  in  November, 

1838. 


8 


106 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Davidson,  Thomas  G. — Born  in 
Jefferson  County,  Mississippi,  August 
3,  1805 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1827  ;  in  1833  was  Regis- 
ter  of  the  Land-office  at  Greensburg, 
Louisiana;  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State  in  1833,  where  he 
served,  from  different  parishes,  some 
thirteen  years ;  and  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  in  1855 ; 
re-elected  in  1857,  and  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills, 
and  member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
but  resigned  in  February,  1861. 

Davidson,  William. — He  was  a 

native  of  Mecklenburg  County,  North 
Carolina,  having  been  born  September 
12,  1778;  represented  that  County  in 
the  State  Legislature,  as  a  Senator,  in 
1813,  1815,  1816,  and  1817  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1818  to  1821.  He 
served  again  in  the  State  Senate,  in 
1827,  1828,  and  1829.  He  died  in  Char 
lotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  September 
16, 1857,  from  injuries  which  he  received 
by  being  thrown  from  his  carriage,  while 
taking  a  drive  with  a  fractious  horse. 
Though  leading  the  quiet  life  of  a  plant 
er,  he  was  a  man  of  great  influence  and 
usefulness. 

Davies.  Edward. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1841. 

Davis,  Amos.  —  He  represented 
Kentucky  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  died  in  Owingsville,  Ken 
tucky,  June  5,  1835. 

Davis,  Garret. — He  was  born  at 
Mount  Stirling,  Kentucky,  September 
10,  1801  ;  received  an  English  and 
classical  education  ;  while  yet  a  boy,  he 
was  employed  as  a  writer  in  the  County 
and  Circuit  Courts  of  his  district ;  stu 
died  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1823. 
In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  was  twice  re-elected  ;  in 
1839  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  from  1839  to 
1847  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  and  declined  a 
re-election ;  and,  though  always  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  he  has  ever  devoted  much  atten 
tion  to  the  pursuits  of  agriculture.  In 


1861  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1867,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Foreign  Relations  and  on 
Territories.  From  early  manhood  until 
the  death  of  Henry  Clay,  he  was  one  of 
the  most  intimate  personal  and  political 
friends  of  that  statesman. 

Davis,  George  T. — He  was  born 
in  Sandwich,  Massachusetts,  January 
12,  1810  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1829  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1832 ;  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Massachusetts  in  1839  and 
1840 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1851  to  1853.  He  is  now 
devoted  to  his  profession. 

Davis,  H.  Winter. — He  was  born 
in  Annapolis,  Maryland,  in  1817;  gra 
duated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College ; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Maryland,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means.  He  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
same  Committee ;  and  in  1863  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs.  As  an  author  he 
published,  in  1852,  a  book  entitled 
"  The  War  of  Ormuzd  and  Ahrinam  in 
the  Nineteenth  Century." 

Davis,  Jefferson. — He  was  born 
in  Christian  County,  Kentucky,  June 
3,  1808,  but  his  father  removed  to  Mis 
sissippi  in  his  infancy.  He  commenced 
his  education  at  the  Transylvania  Uni 
versity,  Kentucky,  but  left  it  for  the 
West  Point  Academy,  where  he  gra 
duated  in  1828.  He  followed  the  for 
tunes  of  a  soldier  until  1835,  when  he 
became  a  planter.  He  was  a  cadet  from 
1824  to  1828  ;  Second  Lieutenant  of  in 
fantry  from  1828  to  1833 ;  First  Lieu 
tenant  of  dragoons  from  1833  to  1835, 
serving  in  various  campaigns  against 
the  Indians  ;  was  Adjutant  of  dragoons, 
and  at  different  times  served  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department ;  in  1844 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  ;  in  1845  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  for  one  term,  but  re 
signed  in  1846,  to  become  Colonel  of  a 
volunteer  regiment  to  serve  in  Mexico  ; 
in  Mexico  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Brigadier-General ;  in  1847  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  to  fill  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


107 


vacancy,  and  was  elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1851,  but  resigned  in  1850; 
was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years, 
but  resigned  ;  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  War  by  President  Pierce,  serving 
throughout  his  administration  ;  and  in 
1857  again  took  his  seat  in  the  United 
States  Senate  for  the  term  of  six  years, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Affairs,  and  a  member  of 
those  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds 
and  on  Printing.  In  February,  1861, 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  be 
came  identified  with  the  Great  Rebel- 
lion,  and  was  elected  President  of  the 
so-called  "Southern  Confederacy." 

Davis,  John. — Born  in  Northbo- 
rough,  Massachusetts,  January  13, 1787 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1812 ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1815;  was  a  Reprensenta- 
tive  in  Congress  from  1825  to  1833; 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  during  the 
years  1833  and  1834,  and  1841  and  1842  ; 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1841, 
and  again  from  1845  to  1853,  always 
serving  on  important  committees  and 
exerting  much  influence.  On  account 
of  his  many  popular  qualities,  he  was 
called  "  Honest  John  Davis."  He  died 
suddenly,  at  Worcester,  April  19,  1854. 

Davis,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Davis.  John  G. — Born  in  Fleming 
County,  Kentucky,  October  10,  1810. 
His  education  was  obtained  at  a  country 
school,  where,  during  the  winter  months, 
he  studied  the  rudiments  of  reading, 
writing,  and  arithmetic.  He  was  bred 
to  the  occupation  of  a  farmer ;  was  elect 
ed  Sheriff  of  Parke  County,  Indiana, 
where  he  now  resides,  and  resigned  in 
1832.  He  was  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
and  Inferior  Courts  of  that  county, 
from  1833  to  1851,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative,  from  Indiana,  in  the  Thirty-se 
cond,  Thirty-third,  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Lands,  and  also  served 
on  the  Committee  to  Examine  into  the 
Accounts  of  the  late  Clerk  of  the  House. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Davis,  John  W. — He  was  born  in 


Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  in  1799;  af 
ter  completing  his  medical  studies  in 
Baltimore,  in  1821,  at  the  Medical  Col 
lege,  he  emigrated  to  Indiana.  He 
served  first  as  a  Surrogate  and  then  in 
the  Legislature  of  that  State,  and  was 
Speaker  of  the  lower  branch,  both  be 
fore  and  after  his  services  in  Congress, 
viz.,  in  1832  and  1841 ;  and  was  also  a 
Commissioner  to  make  a  treaty  with 
the  Indians.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1835 
to  1837,  from  1839  to  1841,  and  again 
from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  during  the 
Twenty-ninth  Congress.  He  was,  in 
1848,  appointed  Minister  to  China,  and, 
subsequently,  held  the  position  of  Go 
vernor  of  Oregon  Territory.  He  was 
also  President  of  the  Baltimore  Conven 
tion  which  nominated  Franklin  Pierce 
for  President,  in  1852.  Died  at  Car 
lisle,  Indiana,  August  22,  1859. 

Davis,  Reuben. — Born  in  Tennes 
see,  January  18,  1813.  He  was  self- 
educated,  owing  to  the  limited  means 
of  his  father.  He  studied  and  practised 
medicine  for  a  few  years,  and,  after 
wards,  pursued  the  law  as  a  profession. 
In  1835  was  chosen  District  Attorney 
for  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Mis 
sissippi.  In  1837  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  same  office  ;  served  for  four  months, 
in  1842,  on  the  bench  of  the  High  Court 
of  Errors  and  Appeals ;  was  in  the 
Mexican  war  as  Colonel  commandant 
of  the  Mississippi  Rifles,  but  resigned  on 
account  of  sickness,  and  was  in  no  bat 
tle  ;  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature  from  1855  to  1857 ; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress.  Joined  the  Rebellion  in 
1861. 

Davis,  RicJiard  D. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1818,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1841  to  1845. 

Davis,  Roger. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1811  to  1815. 

Dav^is,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Representa- 


108 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1813  to  1815.  In  1803,  from  1808  to 
1812,  and  in  1815  and  1816,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature. 

Davis,  Samuel  JS. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Davis,  Thomas. — He  was  born  in 
Ireland,  and  having  emigrated  to  Rhode 
Island,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Davis,    Thomas    T. — He    was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  179-7  to  1803,  and  was  ap 
pointed  in  that  year  Judge  in  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Indiana. 

Davis,  Thomcis  T. — Was  born  in 
Middlebury,  Addison  County,  Ver 
mont,  August  22,  1810;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College,  New  York,  in  1831 ; 
studied  law  in  Syracuse,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1833.  As  a  public 
man,  his  time  has  been  chiefly  devoted  to 
business  connected  with  railroads,  with 
various  kinds  of  manufacturing,  and 
with  the  mining  of  coal ;  and  in  1862  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

Davis,  Timothy. — He  was  born  in 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  March,  1794 ; 
received  a  common  school  education  ; 
removed  to  Kentucky  in  1816,  and  was 
there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817  ;  spent 
twenty  years  of  his  life  in  Missouri ; 
and,  having  removed  to  Iowa,  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Davis,  Timothy. — He  was  born  in 
Gloucester,  Massachusetts,  April  12, 
1821  ;  was  educated  at  a  district  school, 
which  he  did  not  attend  after  reaching 
the  age  of  twelve  years  ;  spent  two 
years  in  a  printing-office ;  lived  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  Boston  as  a  clerk  and  as 
a  merchant;  in  1854,  by  an  unusually 
large  majority,  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
district ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs.  He 


was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  to 
a  place  in  the  Boston  Custom-house  in 
1861. 

Davis,  Warren  H. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina;  graduated  at  the 
College  of  South  Carolina  in  1810; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  came  to 
the  bar  in  1814 ;  was  appointed  Solicitor 
for  South  Carolina  in  1818  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1825  to  1835,  and  died 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
January  29,  1835,  aged  forty-two  years. 
It  was  while  attending  his  funeral  that 
President  Jackson  was  fired  at  by  •  a 
man  named  Lawrence. 

Davis,  William  M. — Was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Dawes,  Henry  L. — Born  in  Cum- 
mington,  Hampshire  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  30,  1816.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1839,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  taught  school 
for  a  time,  and  edited  a  paper  called  the 
Greenfield  Gazette.  He  was  a  member 
for  three  years  of  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts,  during  the  years  1848, 

1849,  and  1852 ;  of  the  State  Senate  in 

1850,  and  also  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1853.     He  was  also  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  Western  District 
of  his   native    State,    from    1853   until 
elected   to   the    Thirty-fifth   Congress, 
wherein  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims  ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress  ;    serving   on  the   Committee  on 
Elections ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the   Committee   on    Elections ;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  again  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections. 

Dawson,  John. — He  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1782  ;  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1797  to  1814;  served  in 
one  of  the  State  Conventions  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  the  General  Assembly  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council 
of  Virginia;  rendered  service  in  the 
war  of  1813,  as  aid  to  the  commanding 
General,  on  the  Lakes ;  and  was  ap 
pointed  bearer  of  despatches  to  France 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


109 


in  1801,  by  President  Adams.  He  died 
in  Washington  City,  March  30,  1814, 
aged  fifty-two  years. 

Daivson,  John  B. — He  was  born 
at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  in  1800,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1841  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  St.  Francis- 
ville,  Louisiana,  June  26,  1845. 

Dawson,  John  L. — He  was  born 
in  Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  February  7,  1813 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  "Washington  College  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  was  appointed 
by  President  Polk,  in  1845,  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Western  District 
of  Pennsylvania ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  during  the  last  term  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agri 
culture  ;  and  in  1862  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
Homestead  Bill  which  passed  in  1854  ; 
and  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
ventions  of  1844,  1848,  and  1860,  and  of 
the  Cincinnati  Convention  of  1856, 
when,  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania,  he 
delivered  the  speech  acknowledging  the 
nomination  of  Mr.  Buchanan.  He  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Kansas,  by  Pre 
sident  Pierce,  in  1855,  but  declined  the 
appointment. 

Dawson,  William  C. — Born  in 
Greene  County,  Georgia,  January  4, 
1798,  and  died  May  5,  1856.  He  gra 
duated  at  Franklin  College  in  1816; 
studied  law  at  home  and  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut ;  and  having  been  admitted 
to  the  bar,  settled  at  Greensborough,  in 
1818,  where  he  was  eminently  success 
ful  as  a  jury  lawyer.  He  was  for  twelve 
years  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  Georgia,  and  several  times  Se 
nator  and  Representative  in  the  Legis 
lature.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1837  to  1842 ;  and  in 
1845  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Ockmulgee  Circuit;  and  from  1849  to 
1855  he  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  where  he  served  on  important 
committees,  and  spoke  on  many  impor 
tant  questions  of  national  interest,  and 
commanded  a  wide  influence. 

Daivson,  William  J. — A  Repre 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1793  to  1795. 

Day,  Rowland. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of 'the  New  York  Assembly  in  1816 
and  1817,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1825,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835. 

Day,  Timothy  C. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Dayan,  Charles. — Born  at  Am 
sterdam,  New  York,  July  16,  1792  ; 
until  fourteen  years  of  age  he  worked 
in  a  mill ;  at  that  time  he  began  to 
study,  and  was  successful ;  taught  school 
for  four  winters  at  a  monthly  price  of 
two  dollars  per  month ;  studied  law, 
and  was  a  successful  practitioner  for 
many  years.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833;  a  State  Senator  in  1827  and 
1828;  acting  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
1829  ;  and  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1835  and  1836.  He  was  also  District  At 
torney  for  Lewis  County  for  five  years. 

Dayton,  Jonathan. — A  native  of 
New  Jersey  \  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1776;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  in  1787  ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1791  to  1799; 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
from  1795  to  1797;  and  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1799  to  1805. 
He  was  a  distinguished  statesman,  and 
died  at  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey, 
October  9,  1824,  aged  about  sixty-eight 
years. 

Dayton,    William    L. — Born  in 

Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  Febru 
ary  17,  1807 ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1825;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  having  come  to  the  bar  in  1830 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of 
New  Jersey  in  1837  ;  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Justices  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
the  State  February  28,  1838,  and  re 
signed  said  office  in  1841,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  law ;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1842  to  1851.  In  March, 
1857,  was  appointed  Attorney-General 
of  New  Jersey,  which  office  he  held 
until  1861,  when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  Minister  to  France. 

Dean,  Ezra. — He  was  born  in  New 


110 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


York,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1841  to  1845. 

Dean,  Gilbert*  —  Is  a  native  of 
Pleasant  Valley,  Dutchess  County,  New 
York.  In  May,  1837,  he  entered  the 
Amenia  Seminary,  and  in  September  of 
the  same  year  he  went  to  Yale  College, 
and  graduated  in  1841.  He  studied  law 
in  Pine  Plains,  and  commenced  prac 
tice  in  Poughkeepsie  in  1844,  attaining 
eminence  in  his  profession  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress 
from  1851  to  1853.  Was  re-elected  for 
a  second  term,  but  resigned  in  1854. 

Dean,  Josiah. — He  was  born  in 
Baynham,  Massachusetts,  March  16, 
1748,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1807  to 
1809.  From  1804  to  1807  he  was  a  State 
Senator ;  and  in  1810  and  1811  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature.  Died 
October  14,  1818. 

Dean,  Sidney. — He  was  born  in 
Glastenbury,  Hartford  County,  Con 
necticut,  November  16,  1818.  He  re 
ceived  only  a  common  school  education ; 
entered  upon  active  life  as  a  manufac 
turer  ;  but  subsequently  became  a  clergy 
man.  He  served  one  year  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Connecticut,  anof  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857 ; 
officiating  during  his  first  term  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia.  In 
1860  he  settled  in  Khode  Island  as  a 
clergyman. 

Dearborn, Henry. — Was  a  native 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  settled,  in  the 
practice  of  physic,  at  Portsmouth.  He 
was  a  Captain 'in  Stark 's  regiment  at  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill ;  he  accompanied 
Arnold  in  the  expedition  through  the 
wilderness  of  Maine  to  Quebec ;  he  was 
captured  by  the  British,  and  put  into 
close  confinement;  but  in  May,  1776, 
was  permitted  to  return  on  parole ;  in 
March,  1777,  he  was  exchanged ;  he 
served  as  a  Major  in  the  army  under 
Gates  at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne.  He 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Monmouth  by  a  gallant  charge  on  the 
enemy.  Dearborn  being  sent  to  ask  for 
further  orders,  Washington  inquired, 
byway  of  commendation,  "  What  troops 
are  those?"  "Full-blooded  Yankees 


from  New  Hampshire,  sir,"  was  the  re 
ply.  In  1779  he  accompanied  Sullivan 
in  his  expedition  against  the  Indians ; 
in  1780  he  was  with  the  army  in  New 
Jersey ;  in  1781  he  was  at  Yorktown, 
at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  ;  in  1789 
Washington  appointed  him  Marshal  of 
the  District  of  Maine.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  Congress  from  1793  to 
1797.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  War,  and  held  the  office  till 
1809,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  lu 
crative  office  of  Collector  of  Boston. 
In  1812  he  received  a  commission  as 
senior  Major-General  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States.  In  the  spring  of  1813 
he  captured  York,  in  Upper  Canada, 
and  Fort  George,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Niagara.  He  was  recalled  by  Mr.  Madi 
son  in  July.  He  was  ordered  to  assume 
the  command  of  the  military  district  of 
New  York  City.  In  1822  he  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Portugal ;  two  years  after  he  returned 
to  America  at  his  own  request.  He  died 
in  1829,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Dearborn,  Henry  A.  S. — Born 

in  1783,  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire; 
was  educated  at  William  and  Mary 
College,  Virginia,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  Washington,  while  his 
father  was  Secretary  of  War  under  Jef 
ferson.  He  finished  his  studies  at  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  in  the  office  of  Judge 
Story,  and  commenced  to  practise  in 
that  city.  He  removed  to  Portland, 
and  superintended  the  erection  of  the 
forts  in  the  harbor.  He  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Boston  by  President  Madi 
son  (having  been  previously  made  De 
puty  Collector  by  his  father,  when  Col 
lector),  as  an  inducement  for  his  father 
to  accept  the  command  of  the  army, 
and  he  held  the  office  until  removed  by 
General  Jackson  in  1829.  In  1812  he 
was  Brigadier  of  militia,  and  had  the 
command  of  the  troops  in  Boston  har 
bor.  In  1821  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  revising  the  Constitution  of 
Massachusetts.  In  1829  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature  from  Kox- 
bury;  and  the  same'year  chosen  Execu 
tive  Councillor,  and  the  following  year 
a  State  Senator.  From  1831  to  1833  he 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress.  He 
was  soon  appointed  Adjutant-General 
of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  in  that 
office  till  1843,  when  he  was  removed 
for  lending  some  of  the  State  arms 
during  the  Dorr  Rebellion  in  Rhode 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ill 


Island.  In  1847  was  chosen  Mayor  of 
Koxbury,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  While  in  the  Custom-house,  in 
Boston,  he  wrote  and  published  three 
volumes  on  the  l '  Commerce  of  the  Black 
Sea."  He  also  wrote  a  biography  of 
Commodore  Bainbridge,  and  one  of  his 
father ;  a  book  on  Architecture,  and  a 
Life  of  Christ.  He  died  in  Portland, 
Maine,  July  29,  1851. 

Deberry,  Edmund.  —  Born  in 
Montgomery  County,  North  Carolina, 
August  14,  1787.  He  was  educated  at 
the  ordinary  schools  of  the  county,  and 
having  entered  public  life,  in  1806,  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  he 
continued  to  serve  there,  with  occasional 
intermissions,  until  1828;  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress  from  1829 
to  1831,  from  1833  to  1845,  and  again 
from  1849  to  1851.  Died  in  his  native 
county  in  1859. 

De  Graff,  John  J.— He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Deitz,  William. — He  was  born  in 
Schoharie  County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1814  and  1815 ;  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1827 ; 
and  a  State  Senator  from  1830  to  1833. 

De  Jarnett'e,  Daniel  C. — Born  in 

Caroline  County,  Virginia,  in  1822  ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education  ;  adopted  the 
occupation  of  a  farmer ;  served  many 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Claims.  Ke-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Delano,  Charles. — Born  in  Brain- 
tree,  Massachusetts,  in  1820;  graduated 
at  Amherst  College  in  1840 ;  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1842 ;  in 
1850  he  was  appointed  Treasurer  of 
Hampshire  County;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Kepresentative,  from  Massachusetts, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Delano,    Columbus.  —  Born    in 


Shoreham,  Vermont,  June  5,  1809 ;  re 
moved  to  Knox  County,  Ohio,  in  1817  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1831,  and  settled  in  the  town  of 
Mount  Vernon.  In  1836  he  was  elected 
for  two  years  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
Knox  County ;  re-elected  in  1838 ;  and 
in  1844  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Con 
gress.  In  1860  he  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Convention ;  in  1863  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  ;  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

Delaplaine,  Isaac   C.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds. 

Dellet,  James. — He  was  a  native 
of  Ireland  ;  and  one  of  the  early  gradu 
ates  of  the  University  of  South  Carolina, 
having  left  it  in  1810 ;  he  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  coming  to  the  bar  in 
1813  ;  was  a  Commissioner  in  Equity  ; 
removed  to  Alabama  in  1818,  where  he 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  and  frequently  represented  his 
county  in  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1839  to  1841,  and  again 
from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  at  Clai- 
borne,  December  21,  1848,  aged  sixty 
years. 

Detning,  Henry  C. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1836,  and  at  the  Law  School  of 
Harvard  College  in  1838 ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  Legislature 
in  1849  and  1850,  and  also  from  1859  to 
1861,  serving  as  Speaker  during  the 
latter  year.  In  1851  he  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate.  He  subsequently 
presided  over  the  city  of  Hartford  as 
Mayor  for  six  years.  In  1861,  as  Colonel 
of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of  Connecticut 
Volunteers,  he  went  to  New  Orleans, 
and  participated  in  the  capture  of  that 
city.  In  October,  1862,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Mayor  of  New  Orleans,  which 
position  he  held  until  February,  1863, 
when  he  resigned  both  that  office  and 
his  commission  in  the  army  and  re 
turned  home.  Two  months  afterwards 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Connecticut,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 


112 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Military  Affairs,  and  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
War  Department. 

Demming,  Benjamin  F.  —  He 

was  born  at  Danville,  Vermont ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education ; 
served  a  number  of  years  as  a  clerk  in 
a  store ;  was  Clerk  of  the  court  in  his 
native  county  for  sixteen  years ;  and 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress  for  the  term  from  1833  to  1835, 
but  died  at  Saratoga  Springs,  whither 
he  had  gone  for  his  health,  July  11, 
1834. 

De  Mott,  John. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  in  1833  ;  and  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Denison,  Charles. — Was  born  in 
Wyoming  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  Janu 
ary  23,  1818;  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College  in  1839;  adopted  and  practised 
the  profession  of  law ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Dennis,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Somerset  County,  Maryland,  in  1807; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841.  He 
was  also  twice  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  State  Convention  in  1850. 
He  was  educated  for  the  bar,  but  relin 
quished  professional  life  for  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture.  Died  of  consumption 
November  1,  1859. 

Dennis,  Littleton  P. — He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1803;  served 
many  years  in  the  Legislature  of  Mary 
land  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  Congress,  from  Maryland,  in  1833; 
and  died  at  Washington,  April  14, 1834, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  Con 
gress. 

Dennison,  George. — He  was  born 
in  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1823.  He  was 
for  many  years  Register  and  Recorder 
of  Luzerne  County,  and  before  as  well 
as  after  his  service  in  Congress,  was  fre 
quently  returned  to  the  Legislature,  and 


he  died  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1831,  while  in  office. 

Denny,  Harmar. — Born  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1794;  graduated 
at  Dickinson  College;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  his  native  State,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1829 
to  1837 ;  and  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  present  Consti 
tution  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  in 
Pittsburg,  January  29,  1852. 

Dent,  George. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1793  to  1801,  and  was  appointed  in 
the  latter  year  United  States  Marshal 
for  the  Potomac  District.  During  the 
third  session  of  the  Fifth  Congress  he 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Dent,   William  B.   JF.— He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Denver,  James  W. — Born  in  Win 
chester,  Virginia,  in  1818.  When  quite 
young  he  emigrated  to  Ohio  with  his 
parents ;  received  a  good  education ;  in 
1841  he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he 
taught  school  and  studied  law ;  he  served 
in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  Captain,  under 
appointment  from  President  Polk ;  in 
1850  he  went  to  California,  where  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  a  relief  commit 
tee  to  protect  emigrants;  and,  after 
wards,  Secretary  of  State  of  California; 
he  was  a  Representative,  from  Califor 
nia,  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  by 
President  Buchanan  he  was  appointed 
a  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  which 
office  he  resigned  to  accept  the  appoint 
ment  of  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Kansas,  which  position  he  resigned  in 
November,  1858,  R.nd  was  reappointed 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs.  Re 
signed,  March,  1859. 

Desaussure,  William  F. — He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1810;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1850  to  1853. 

Desha,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  December  9,  1768,  and 
emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1781 ;  in  1794 
he  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  expedi 
tion  against  the  Indians,  under  Gene- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


113 


ral  Wayne;  served  for  a  time  in  the 
State  Legislature;  fought  at  the  battle 
of  the  Thames,  as  a  Major- General ;  was 
a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  1807 
to  1819;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky  for 
four  years,  from  1824;  and  died  at 
Georgetown,  Kentuckv,  October  13, 
1842. 

Desha,  Robert.— He  was  a  promi 
nent  merchant  of  Mobile,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1827  to  1831.  He  was  the  brother 
of  Joseph  Desha.  He  died,  February  8, 
1849. 

Destrihan,  John  Noel. — He  was 

a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
for  a  part  of  the  year  1812. 

Dewart,  Lewis. — He  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

Dewart,  William  L.  —  He   was 

born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  his  native 
State.  He  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Unfinished  Business. 

Deivey,  Daniel. — Was  a  lawyer, 
having  studied  under  Theodore  Sedg- 
wick,  and  attained  a  high  rank  in  his 
profession.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  the  State,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Berkshire  Dis 
trict,  Massachusetts,  in  1813  and  1814; 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts  in  1814.  He 
died  June  3,  1815. 

De  Witty  Alexander.  —  Born  in 

Worcester  County,  Massachusetts, April 
2,  1797 ;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  from  1830  to 
1836;  devoted  himself  to  the  manufac 
turing  business;  was  a  bank  President; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1853  to  1857.  He  was  also  a  State 
Senator  in  1842,  1844,  1850,  and  1851 ; 
and  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1853. 

De  Witt,  Charles  G.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831,  and  appointed 
Charge*  d'Affaires,  for  Central  America, 
in  1833.  He  died  at  Newburg,  April 
13,  1839. 


De  Witty  Jacob  H. — He  was  born 
in  Ulster  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821 ;  and  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1839  and 
in  1847.  He  died  at  Kingston,  New 
York,  January  30,  1857,  aged  seventy- 
three  years. 

De  Wolfe.    James.  —  He    was    a 

Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
Rhode  Island,  from  1821  to  1825,  when 
he  resigned,  and  died  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  December  21, 1837,  aged  seventy- 
four  years. 

Dexter,  Samuel. — Was  a  native 
of  Massachusetts,  and  born  in  1761  ;  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1781  ; 
and,  having  studied  law  at  Worcester, 
with  Levi  Lincoln,  he  soon  rose  to  pro 
fessional  eminence.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Con 
gress,  from  1793  to  1795,  and  was  elected 
to  the  Senate,  serving  from  1799  to  1800. 
During  the  administration  of  John 
Adams  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
War,  in  1800,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  in  January,  1801 ;  and,  for  a 
short  time,  also,  had  the  charge  of  the 
Department  of  State.  On  the  accession 
of  Mr.  Jetferson  to  the  Presidency,  he 
held  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Trea 
sury,  and  not  complying  with  an  inti 
mation  to  resign,  Mr.  Gallatin  was  ap 
pointed  in  his  place.  In  1812  he  aban 
doned  the  party  to  which  he  had  al 
ways  been  attached,  and  became  a  lead 
er  on  the  other  side,  and,  as  such,  was 
the  candidate  for  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1815  and  1816,  in  opposition 
to  Governor  Brooks.  A  mission  to 
Spain  was  offered  him,  by  Mr.  Madison, 
in  1815.  He  died  May  3,  1816. 

Dicky  JoJin. — Was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  was  bred  a  merchant,  and  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  said  State, 
in  1854  and  1855,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  a  member*of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Accounts. 

Dickens,  Samuel. — A  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
during  the  years  1816  and  1817. 

Dicker  son,  Mahlon. — Born    in 

Morris  County,  New  Jersey,  in  1769  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1789  ; 
studied  law,  and  in  early  life  he  resided 


114 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


in  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  Recor- 
der  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and 
subsequently  Quartermaster-General  of 
the  State  ;  he  returned  to  New  Jersey, 
and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
that  State.  He  was  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  and  was 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1815, 
and  held  the  office  until  1817,  when  he 
was  chosen  United  States  Senator,  and 
continued  in  that  office  for  sixteen 
years.  In  1834  he  became  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
Jackson,  and  held  that  department  until 
1838,  some  two  years  after  the  accession 
of  President  Van  Buren.  For  two  years 
he  was  President  of  the  American  In 
stitute.  He  died  in  Morris  County, 
New  Jersey,  October  5,  1853. 

Dickerson,  Philemon. — He  was 

the  brother  of  Mahlon  Dickerson,  a  na 
tive  of  New  Jersey,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  Paterson 
District  in  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841.  In 
1836  he  was  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
and  was  subsequently  appointed  Judge 
of  the  United  States  District  Court  for 
New  Jersey.  Died  at  Paterson,  New 
Jersey,  December  10,  1862,  aged  about 
seventy  years. 

Dickey,  Jesse  C. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Dickey,  John. — He  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  from  1847  to  1849; 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  United 
States  Marshal  for  Western  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  died  in  Beaver  County, 
March  14,  1853. 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S. — He   was 

born  in  Goshen,  Litchfield  County, 
Connecticut,  September  11,  1800;  re 
moved  with  his  family  to  New  York  in 
1806;  he  was  self-educated,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  coming  to  the 
bar  in  1830.  He  was  at  one  time  in  the 
State  Senate ;  was  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Errors  from  1836  to  1841 ;  he  was 
Lieutenant-Governor,  President  of  the 
Senate  and  of  said  court,  from  1842  to 
1844 ;  was  a  Democratic  Elector  in 
1844 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1844  to  1851,  since 
which  time  he  has  lived  in  retirement. 


He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1864. 

Dickinson,  David  W. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten-, 
nessee,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  again 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  died  at  Franklin, 
Tennessee,  April  27,  of  the  latter  year. 

Dickinson,    Edward. — He    was 

born  in  Massachusetts ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature,  in  1838  and 
1839;  a  State  Senator  in  1842  and  1843  ; 
a  State  Councillor  in  1845  and  1846; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1853  to  1855.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Amherst  College,  and 
a  lawyer  by  profession. 

Dickinson,  John  D. — He  was  born 
in  Middlesex  County,  Connecticut,  in 
1767  ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1785  ;  and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1819  to  1823, 
and  again  from  1827  to  1831 ;  and  died 
at  Troy,  January  28,  1841. 

Dickinson,  Philemon. — A  native 
of  New  Jersey ;  was  an  officer  in  the 
American  Revolution,  and  enjoyed  a 
great  reputation  for  courage  and  zeal  in 
the  cause  of  liberty.  He  commanded 
the  Jersey  militia  at  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth.  He  was  a  Delegate  from  Dela 
ware,  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from 
1782  to  1783  ;  and  after  the  organization 
of  the  National  Government  in  its 
present  form,  he  was  appointed  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1790  to  1793. 
Having  discharged  in  a  satisfactory  man 
ner  the  duties  of  the  several  civil  and 
military  stations  which  he  held,  he  en 
joyed  several  years  of  retirement  from 
public  life,  and  died  at  Trenton  in  1809. 

Dickinson,  Rudolphns.—He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts,  and  having  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1847  to 
1849.  Died  in  August,  1849. 

Dickson,  David.— He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  in 
1835  and  1836,  and  died  at  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas,  July  31,  1836. 

Dickson,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1831  to  1835,  and  died  at  West 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


115 


Bloomfield,  New  York,  February  22, 
1852. 

Dickson,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  during  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress.  He  died  at  his  residence,  in 

New  Scotland,  New  York,  May  3, 1858, 
in  consequence  of  spinal  injuries  re 
ceived  while  in  the  faithful  discharge  of 
his  public  duties  at  Washington.  He 
had  been  bred  a  physician,  and  was  uni 
versally  respected. 

Dickson,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1801  to  1807. 

DUlingham,  Paul,  Jr. — He  was 

born  in  Shutesbury,  Franklin  County, 
Massachusetts,  August,  1800  ;  removed 
to  Waterbury,  Vermont,  with  his  father, 
in  1805 ;  received  a  good  education  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and  was 
admitted  to  practice,  in  Washington 
County,  in  1824.  He  was  Town  Clerk  of 
Waterbury,  from  1829  to  1844,  and  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace  eighteen  years.  He 
was  State's  Attorney,  for  Washington 
County,  from  1835  to  1838 ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  in  1836  and  1837.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  General  Assembly  six 
years,  and  State  Senator  in  1841  and 
1842 ;  and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary.  He  has  since  that  time  devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Dimmdck,  Milo  M. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Dimmick,   William  H. — He  was 

born  in  Milford,  Pike  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  December  20, 1815.  He  received 
an  academical  education,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  was  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney,  for  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania,  for  Wayne  County,  in 
1836  and  1837  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1845,  1846,  and  1847; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Library.  He 
was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 


Printing.     Died   at   Honesdale,    Penn 
sylvania,  August  2,  1861. 


j  Davis,  Jr.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1841  to  1842.  Died  Janu 
ary  13,  1842. 

Dinsmoor,  Samuel.  —  He  was  born 

at  Londonderry,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1766  ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1789;  was  for  many  years  a  Major- 
General  of  militia  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1811  to  1813  ;  a  Judge  of  Probate  ;  and 
served  as  Governor  of  his  nativ%  State 
during  the  years  1831,  1832,  and  1833. 
He  died  at  Keene,  March  15,  1835. 

Disney,  David  T.  —  He  was  a  na 

tive  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  re 
moved  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1820.  He 
was  frequently  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  State  Legislature  of  Ohio,  and 
three  times  elected  Speaker.  He  repre 
sented  his  adopted  State  in  Congress, 
from  1849  to  1855.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  March  14,  1857,  aged  fifty-four 
years. 

Diven,  Alexander  S.  —  He  was 

born  at  the  head  of  Seneca  Lake,  town 
of  Catharine,  and  County  of  Tioga, 
New  York,  February  15,  1809;  received 
an  academical  education  ;  studied  law 
and  adopted  that  profession  ;  was  a 
Senator  in  the  New  York  Legislature, 
in  1858  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Dive,  John  A..  —  Born  in  Boscawen, 
New  Hampshire,  July  24,  1798.  He 
commenced  his  education  by  attending 
the  academies  at  Salisbury  and  Exe 
ter  ;  spent  one  year  in  a  French  college 
at  Montreal  ;  and,  in  1812,  was  ap 
pointed  a  cadet  in  the  army,  but,  in 
stead  of  going  to  West  Point,  preferred 
to  join  the  army  on  the  frontier  as  an 
Ensign;  and  in  1813,  he  was  acting  Ad 
jutant  of  an  independent  battalion.  In 
1819  he  was  aide-de-camp  to  Major- 
General  Brown,  but  devoted  his  leisure 
to  the  study  of  law  ;  from  that  time  un 
til  1828,  he  visited  Cuba  and  travelled  in 
Europe  for  his  health,  when  he  settled  at 
Cooperstown,  as  a  lawyer.  In  1831  he 
was  Adjutant-General  under  Governor 


116 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Throop  ;  in  1833  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
Regent  of  the  State  University  ;  in  1841 
he  was  elected  to  the  Assembly,  from 
Albany  ;  and  after  making  another  visit 
abroad,  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  where  he  served  from  1845  to 
1849.  Of  late  years,  he  has  been  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  management  of  large 
estate.  In  1820  he  received  from  Brown 
University  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts,  and  in  1845,  from  Geneva  College, 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  In  1860 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Buchan 
an,  Postmaster  of  New  York  ;  and  in 
Januaiy,  1861,  was  appointed  by  Mr. 
Buchanan,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
He  served  in  1861  and  1862  as  a  Major- 
General  of  volunteers,  and  was  appointed 
to  the  same  position  in  the  regular  army. 

Dixon,  Archibald. — Was  born  in 
Caswell  County,  North  Carolina,  April 
2,  1802,  and  removed  with  his  father  to 
Henderson  County,  Kentucky,  in  1805. 
He  received  only  a  plain  English  educa 
tion  at  the  county  schools,  but  made 
good  use  of  his  advantages,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty,  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law,  and  acquired  considerable  repu 
tation  as  a  lawyer.  In  1830  he  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Legislature,  and 
in  1836  in  the  State  Senate,  and  again 
in  the  Lower  House  in  1841.  In  1843 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Grovernor  of 
Kentucky.  In  1849  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  for  re 
forming  State  laws,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  from  1852 
to  1855,  being  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  his 
friend,  Henry  Clay. 

Dixon,  James. — Born  in  Enfield, 
Connecticut,  in  1814;  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College,  Williamstown,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1834;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  House 
in  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  in 
1837,  1838,  and  1844,  and  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1849  and  1854 ;  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1849 ; 
also  elected  a  Senator  for  six  years, 
from  March  4,  1857;  and  he  was  re- 
elected  for  a  second  term  in  1862.  He 
has  served  on  several  committees  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate. 

Dixon,  Joseph  Henry. — A  Re 


presentative  in   Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1799  to  1801. 


Dixon,  Nathan  F. — Born  at  Plain- 
field,  Connecticut,  in  1774;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1799;  studied 
law,  and  established  himself  in  Rhode 
Island,  in  1802,  to  practise  his  profes 
sion.  In  1813  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  that  State. 
From  1839  to  1842  he  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States.  He  died  at  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  January 
29,  1842. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F. — Born  in  Wes 
terly,  Rhode  Island,  May  1,  1812;  fitted 
for  College  at  Plainfield  Academy,  in 
Connecticut,  and  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1833.  He  attended  the 
Law  Schools  at  New  Haven  and  Cam 
bridge,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
New  London  in  1837,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Connec 
ticut  and  Rhode  Island.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Rhode  Island  from  1840  to  1849,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Rhode 
Island,  to  the  Thirty-first  Congress.  He 
was  again  elected  to  the  General  Assem 
bly  of  his  State  in  1851,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  two  years,  held  the  office 
until  1859.  In  1863  he  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Com- 


Doane,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Maine,  and  having  removed  to  Ohio, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1843. 


Dobbin,  James  C. — He  was  born 
in  1814;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1832.  He  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  in  1845,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  He  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1848  and  1850,  and  during  the 
last  session  officiated  as  Speaker.  His 
eloquence  at  the  bar  and  in  the  legisla 
tive  hall,  is  said  to  have  been  of  the  most 
winning  character,  and  his  urbane  man 
ners  and  amiable  disposition  made  him 
a  general  favorite.  He  was  Secretary 
of  the  Navy  during  the  whole  of  Presi 
dent  Pierce's  administration,  and  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


117 


died  in  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina, 
August  4,  1857. 

Dockery,  A. — He  was  a' native  of 
North  Carolina,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to  1853. 

Dodd,  Edward. — Born  in  Salem, 
Washington  County,  New  York,  in 
1805 ;  was  bred  a  merchant ;  chosen 
County  Clerk  of  the  County  of  "Wash 
ington  for  three  terms  of  three  years 
each,  commencing  January  1, 1835;  was 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  New  York  in  1846 ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  in  1855,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Doddridge,   Philip.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  in  1829,  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Washington,  November  19,  1832. 
He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and 
commanded  great  influence  in  Congress. 
He  was  about  sixty  years  of  age. 

Dodge,  Augustus    C.  —  He   was 

born  in  Missouri,  and  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress,  from  the  Territory  of  Iowa, 
from  1841  to  1847 ;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  State  of  Iowa,  from  1848 
to  1855 ;  after  which  he  received,  from 
President  Pierce,  the  appointment  of 
Minister  to  Spain,  which  he  resigned. 
He  was  a  Delegate  also  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1864. 

Dodge,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Indiana,  and  removing  to  Wisconsin, 
served,  with  great  credit,  as  an  officer 
of  volunteers,  on  the  Northwestern 
frontiers.  He  distinguished  himself  es 
pecially  in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and, 
as  an  Indian  fighter,  was  thought  to 
have  no  superior.  When  the  first  regi 
ment  of  dragoons  was  raised  in  1833,  he 
was  appointed  Colonel,  which  oifice  he 
resigned  in  1836,  when  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Wisconsin  Territory  and 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs.  He 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  Wis 
consin,  from  1841  to  1845,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  the  State  of  Wiscon 
sin,  from  1849  to  1857. 

Doe,  Nicholas  IB. — Born  in  New 
York,  and  elected  a  Representative,  from 


that  State,  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Con 
gress,  in  place  of  A.  Brown,  deceased. 

Doig,  Andreiv  W. — He  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1843,  having 
previously  served  one  year,  1832,  in  the 
State  Assembly.  He  was  many  years 
a  teacher  and  surveyor,  a  County  Clerk 
for  one  year,  and  held  the  office  of  Sur 
rogate  from  1835  to  1840.  He  went  to 
California  in  1849,  but  subsequently  re 
turned  to  his  native  county. 

Doneyelles,  Peter. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Donnelly  Richard   S. — He    was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1849.  In  1863  he 
published  a  Letter  on  the  Rebellion, 
which  attracted  great  attention. 

Donnelly,    Ignatius.  —  He    was 

born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
November  3,  1831  ;  graduated  at  the 
Central  High  School  in  that  city  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1853 ;  emigrated  to  Minnesota  in 
1857  ;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  that  State  in  1859  ;  re-elected  in  1861, 
and  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Minnesota,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  and  served  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Post-office  and  Post- 
roads,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Interior 
Department. 

Doolittle,  J.  H. — Born  in  Hamp 
ton,  Washington  County,  New  York, 
January  3,  1815  ;  graduated  at  Geneva 
College  in  1834 ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York  in  1837.  He  was 
District  Attorney,  for  several  years,  for 
Wyoming  County,  New  York  ;  and  re 
moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1851 ;  was  cho 
sen  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  Circuit 
of  that  State  in  1853,  but  resigned  in 
1856.  He  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  in  1857,  for  six  years, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861.  In 
1863  he  was  re-elected  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1869. 

Dorsey,  Clement. — He  was  born 


118 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Maryland, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1825  to  1831. 
Died  August  6,  1846. 

Doty,  James  D. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  the  State  of  "Wisconsin, 
from  1849  to  1853.  He  was  also,  for 
many  years,  United  States  Judge  for 
Northern  Michigan ;  also  Superinten 
dent  of  Indian  Aifairs ;  and  from  1841 
to  1844  Governor  of  Wisconsin. 

Doubleday,  Ulysses  F. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835 
to  1837. 

Douglas.  Stephen  A. — Was  born 
at  Brandon,  Rutland  County,  Yermont, 
April  23,  1813.  He  lost  his  father  while 
an  infant,  and  his  mother  being  left  in 
destitute  circumstances,  he  entered  a 
cabinet  shop  at  Middlebury,  in  his  na 
tive  State,  for  the  purpose  of  learning 
the  trade.  After  remaining  there  for 
several  months,  he  returned  to  Brandon, 
where  he  continued  for  a  year  at  the 
same  calling,  but  his  health  obliged  him 
to  abandon  it,  and  he  became  a  student 
in  the  academy.  His  mother  having 
married  a  second  time,  he  followed  her 
to  Canandaigua,  in  the  State  of  N"ew 
York.  Here  he  pursued  the  study  of 
the  law  until  his  removal  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  1831.  From  Cleveland  he 
went  still  farther  west,  and  finally  set 
tled  in  Jacksonville,  Illinois.  He  was 
at  first  employed  as  clerk  to  an  auc 
tioneer,  and  afterwards  kept  school, 
devoting  all  the  time  he  could  spare  to 
the  study  of  the  law.  In  1834  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  soon  obtained  a 
lucrative  practice,  and  was  elected  At 
torney-General  of  the  State.  In  1837 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  Register  of  the  Land-office,  at 
Springfield,  Illinois.  He  afterwards 
practised  his  profession,  and,  in  1840, 
was  elected  Secretary  of  State,  and  the 
following  year  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  This  office  he  resigned,  after 
sitting  upon  the  bench  for  two  years,  in 
consequence  of  ill  health.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  continued 
a  member  of  the  Lower  House  for  four 
years.  In  December,  1847,  he  was 


elected  to  the  United  States  Senate.  He 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories.  In  1860  he  was  the  candi 
date  of  his  own  party  for  the  office  of 
President,  but  was  defeated. 

Doivdell,  James  F. — Born  in  Jas 
per  County,  Georgia,  November  26, 
1818  ;  graduated  at  Randolph  Macon 
College  in  1840,  and  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  he  removed  to  Alabama  in 
1846,  and  took  charge  of  a  female  col 
lege  for  one  year,  and  afterwards  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  planting.  He 
was  a  Representative,  from  Alabama,  in 
the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  'and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means,  and  also  that  of  Inquiry  into 
the  Cost  of  Public  Printing  and  Laws 
relating  thereto. 

Doivning,  diaries. — He  was  bom 

in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  from  the  Territory  of  Florida, 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  October  24, 
1841. 

Downs,  Solomon    W. — He    was 

Collector  of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans, 
and  from  1847  to  1853  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana.  He  died  at  Or 
chard  Springs,  Kentucky,  August  14, 
1854. 

Doivse,  Edward. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Drake,  John  jR. — He  was  one  of 

the  earliest  settlers  in  Tioga  County, 
New  York ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1819;  was  elected  Judge  of  Tioga 
County  in  1833  ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  in  1834.  He 
was  in  ill  health  for  eight  years  before 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Oswego, 
March  21,  1857,  in  the  seventy-fourth 
year  of  his  age. 

Draper,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1830  to  1831,  and  again  from  1832 
to  1833. 

Drayton,  William. — Born  in  St. 

Augustine,  Florida,  December  30, 1776; 
went  to  school  in  England,  and  on  re 
turning  to  South  Carolina  was  for  a 
time  Assistant  Clerk  in  a  Court  of  Ses- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


119 


sions  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1797  ;  was  a  Captain  in  the  South 
Carolina  militia  ;  in  1812  was  commis 
sioned  a  Colonel  in  the  United  States 
Army,  and  Inspector-General  in  1814 ; 
assisted  Generals  Scott  and  Macomb  in 
preparing  a  System  of  Infantry  Tactics 
for  the  army  ;  was  elected  Recorder  of 
Charleston  in  1819  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1825  to  1833;  and  was  chosen 
President  of  the  United  States  Bank  in 
1840.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  May  24, 
1846. 

Driggs,  John  F. — Was  born  in 
Kiiiderhook,  New  York,  March  3, 1813; 
was  apprenticed  to  a  mechanical  busi 
ness  connected  wTith  building  in  New 
York  City,  and  was  a  master  mechanic 
until  1856  ;  in  1844  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  New  York  Peni 
tentiary,  holding  the  office  one  year ; 
settled  in  East  Saginaw,  Michigan,  in 
1856 ;  was  President  of  that  village  in 
1858  ;  during  the  two  following  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  Le 
gislature  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Michigan,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands. 

Drum,  Augustus. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Drumgoole,  George  C. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia  ;  educated  a  lawyer ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1835  to  1841,  and 
also  from  1843  to  1847  ;  and  died  April 
28,  1847. 

Dudley,     Charles    E. — He    was 

born  in  Rhode  Island,  but  early  settled 
in  Albany,  New  York.  He  was  a  mer 
chant  by  occupation,  and  attained  great 
wealth.  He  was  at  one  time  Mayor  of 
Albany,  served  in  the  New  York  Le 
gislature  from  1820  to  1825,  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1828  to  1833.  Died  at  Albany, 
January  23,  1841.  His  widow  founded 
an  astronomical  observatory  at  Albany, 
to  which  she  gave  the  name  of  her  hus 
band. 

Dudley,  Edward  B. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  1829 


to  1831 ;  and  in  1836  was  elected  the 
first  Governor  of  North  Carolina  under 
the  amended  Constitution  of  that  State. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed  Presi 
dent  of  the  Wilmington  and  Raleigh 
Railroad  Company,  and  died  at  Wil 
mington,  North  Carolina,  in  November, 
1855. 

Duell,  R.  Holland.  —  Born  in 
Warren,  Herkimer  County,  New  York, 
December  20,  1823 ;  received  an  aca 
demic  education ;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845 ;  in  1850  he 
was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Cort- 
land  County,  and  held  the  office  six 
years  ;  in  1856  he  was  elected  County 
Judge  for  said  county ;  and  in  1858  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions. 

Duer,  William. — Born  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  May  25,  1805.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Columbia  College  in  1824  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  in  1828,  removed  to 
Oswego,  soon  after  returning  to  New 
York ;  he  subsequently  removed  to 
New  Orleans,  and  again  returned  to 
Oswego ;  he  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  New  York  on  two  occasions;  was 
District  Attorney  for  Oswego  County, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1847  to  1851. 

Dumont,  Ebenezer.  —  Born  in 
Vevay,  Switzerland  County,  Territory 
of  Indiana,  November  23,  1814 ;  at 
tended  the  Indiana  University  at 
Bloomington,  but  did  not  graduate ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1838  ;  from  1839  to  1845  was  Treasurer 
of  his  county  ;  served  in  the  war  with 
Mexico  as  a  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and 
was  in  several  battles ;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1852 ;  in  1850  and  1853 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  ; 
was  President  for  nine  years  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Indiana ;  when  the  Rebel 
lion  broke  out,  he  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  Seventh  Indiana  Volunteers, 
and  was  at  the  battle  of  Philippi  in  West 
Virginia  ;  was  subsequently  in  charge 
of  a  brigade  at  Murfreesboro,  and  after 
the  battle  at  that  place,  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  troops  at  Nash- 


120 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ville ;  from  that  place  he  led  an  expe 
dition  against  John  Morgan,  taking 
nearly  his  whole  command;  and  in 
1862,  while  yet  in  the  field,  he  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  on  Revolutionary  Pen- 


I>unbar,    William. — He    was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Loui 
siana,  from  1853  to  1855. 


Duncan,  Alexander. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837  to 
1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845.  He  died 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  March  2,  1852. 

Duncan.  Daniel. — Born  in  the 
town  of  Shippensburg,  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  July  22,  1806, 
and  died  in  Washington,  June  18,  1849. 
He  was  bred  a  merchant,  and  in  1843 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
from  Licking  County.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1847  to 
1849;  and  more  a  man  of  action  than 
of  words. 

Duncan,  Garnett. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Duncan,  James  H. — He  was  born 
in  Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  December 
5,  1793  ;•  adopted  the  profession  of  law  ; 
served  four  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1828  to 
1831 ;  State  Councillor  in  1840  and 
1841 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

Duncan,  Joseph. — He  served  in 
the  army  with  credit  during  the  late 
war  with  England ;  held  various  offices 
of  distinction  and  trust;  was  at  one 
time  Governor  of  Illinois,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1827  to  1835.  He  died  at  Jack 
sonville,  Illinois,  January  15,  1844. 

Dunham,  Cyrus  L. — He  is  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  State.  As  a  farmer's 
boy  he  worked  laboriously  during  the 
summer  months,  to  obtain  means  for 
his  education  during  the  winter  ;  after 
acquiring  the  rudiments,  he  filled  the 


humblest  position  on  board  a  fishing 
craft  from  one  of  the  seaports  of  Massa 
chusetts  to  Newfoundland,  and  after 
completing  his  studies,  he  removed  to 
Salem,  Indiana,  taught  school  and  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Indiana,  in  1846  and  1847,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1855. 

Dunlap,  George  W. — He  was  born 
in  Fayette  County,  Kentucky,  Febru 
ary  22,  1813  ;  graduated  at  Transylvania 
University,  Lexington ;  studied  law 
and  adopted  that  profession ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  ; 
also  of  the  Border  State  Convention 
held  in  May,  1861 ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Navy 
Department,  and  also  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Dunlap,  Robert  P. — He  was  born 
in  Maine ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  in  1815 ;  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  in  1821, 
1822,  and  1823,  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  in  1823  he  was  elected 
a  State  Senator,  serving  nine  years,  and 
presided  over  that  body  four  years;  in 
1833  he  was  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  Maine;  in  1834  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Maine,  and  served 
four  years ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1847. 
During  the  years  1848  and  1849,  he  was 
Collector  of  Customs  for  Portland  ;  and 
from  1853  to  1857,  Postmaster  of  Bruns 
wick  ;  after  which  he  became  President 
of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Bowdoin 
College.  Died  in  Brunswick,  Maine, 
October  20,  1859,  aged  seventy  years. 

Dunlap,    William    C.— He    was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837. 

Dunn,  George  G.— He  was  born 
in  1813,  and  died  in  Lawrence  County, 
Indiana,  in  September,  1857.  He  had 
held  many  high  official  trusts,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1847 
to  1849.  He  was  a  lawyer,  and  noted 
for  his  abilities  as  an  orator. 

Dunn,  George  if.— He  was  a  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


121 


preservative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Dunn,  William  McK.ee. — Born 
in  the  Territory  of  Indiana,  December 
12,  1814;  graduated  at  the  State  Col 
lege  of  Indiana  in  1832  ;  taught  school 
for  two  years,  and  having  entered  Yale 
College,  received  from  College  the  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  in  1835 ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  Legislature  in  1848  ;  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1850 ;  and  in  1858  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative,  from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Manufactures  and  Roads  and 
Canals.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents,  after  which  he 
became  a  Judge-Advocate  in  the  army. 

Durell.  Daniel  M. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  ;  graduated  at  Dart- 
moutlLCollege  in  1794  ;  studied  law  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  at  Dover  in 
1797  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1807 
to  1809.  He  also  held  the  post  of  United 
States  District  Attorney  from  1830  to 
1834.  He  died  in  1841,  aged  seventy- 
one  years. 

Durfee,  Job. — He  was  born  at  Ti- 
verton,  Rhode  Island,  in  1790;  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1813 ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law ;  and 
though  for  a  long  time  Chief  Justice  of 
Rhode  Island,  he  devoted  much  atten 
tion  to  poetry  and  belles-lettres  gene 
rally.  He  wras  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1821  to 
1825.  He  died  in  1847. 

Durfee,  Nathaniel  B.— He  was 

born  in  Tiverton,  Rhode  Island,  Sep 
tember  29,  1812;  received  a  good  clas 
sical  education  at  Newport ;  from  1838 
to  1850  devoted  himself  to  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture  ;  he  represented  the  town 
of  Warwick,  some  seven  or  eight  years, 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  the  town 
of  Tiverton,  four  years;  and,  having 
been  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress,  served  his  term,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures. 

DurJcee,  Charles. — Born  in  Royal- 
ton,  Vermont,  December  5,  1807 ;  was 


I   a   merchant;    removed   to   Wisconsin, 

and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
I  that  State  in  1837  and  1838 ;  a  Repre- 
!  sentative  in  Congress  in  1848  and  1850; 
j  and  a  United  States  Senator  for  six 

years,  commencing  March,  1855,  serv- 
i  ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committees 
I  on  Revolutionary  and  Private  Land 

Claims.     He  was  a  Delegate  also  to  the 

Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Ifuyal,  William  P.— Born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1784,  but  in  early  life  went  to 
Kentucky,  where  he  studied  and  prac 
tised  law ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1813  to  1815;  and  in 
1822  was  appointed  Governor  of  Florida 
by  President  Monroe,  and  reappointed 
by  Adams  and  Jackson.  In  1848  he 
removed  to  Texas;  and  died  in  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  March 
19,  1854. 

Duvall.  Gabriel. — He  was  born  in 
1751,  of  a  Huguenot  family;  served  as 
a  clerk  to  the  first  Legislature  of  Mary 
land,  before  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1794  to 
1796;  Comptroller  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  in  1802;  and  in  1811  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  which  office  he  held  for 
twenty  years.  He  died  in  Prince  George 
County,  Maryland,  March  6,  1844. 

D wight.  Henry  W.  —  Born  in 
Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  in  1818  and  1834 ;  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1821  to  1831,  and  died  in  New 
York,  February  21,  1845. 

Divight,  Theodore.  —  Born  in 
Northampton,  Massachusetts,  in  1765. 
Soon  after  the  Revolution  he  studied 
law,  and  attained  a  high  position  as  a 
law}7er  ;  for  a  great  number  of  years  he 
was  a  State  Senator  in  Connecticut; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  during  the  years  1806  and  1807. 
He  wTas  a  ready  and  brilliant  writer ; 
conducted  for  a  time  the  Hartford  Mir 
ror  ;  was  Secretary  of  the  Hartford 
Convention,  of  which  he  wrote  the  au 
thentic  history ;  in  1815,  at  the  sugges 
tion  of  leading  men,  he  established  the 
Albany  Daily  Advertiser;  and  in  1817 
founded  the  New  York  Daily  Adver 
tiser,  which  he  conducted  with  signal 


122 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ability  until  1836,  when  he  removed  to 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  retired  from 
active  life.  About  three  years  before 
his  death  he  went  to  New  York  to  re 
side  with  his  son,  and  died  in  that  city, 
June  11,  1846. 

DwigJit,  Thomas.— He  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1778;  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  in  1794  and  1795;  a  State  Senator 
from  1796  to  1803  and  1813;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1808 
and  1809;  and  was  a  .Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1803  to  1805 ;  and  died  in  1819. 

Divinell,  Justin.— fie  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1805;  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1821  and 
1822 ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

Eager 9  S.  W.  —  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1809;  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Earle,  Ellas. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1805  to  1807,  from  1811 
to  1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1821. 

Earle,  John  B. — He  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1803  to  1805. 

Earle,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1795  to  1797. 

Earll,  Jonas. — Born  in  1786;  was 
at  one  time  a  Senator  in  the  New  York 
Legislature ;  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1827  to  1831;  and 
a  Canal  Commissioner  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Syracuse,  New 
York,  in  October,  1846. 

Earll,  Nehemiah  II.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Early,  Peter. — Born  in  Madison 
County,  Virginia,  June  20,  1773,  and 
emigrated  to  Georgia  with  his  father  in 
1795.  He  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall, 
Princeton,  and  studied  law  in  Philadel 


phia.  He  served  in  the  United  States 
House  of  Representatives,  from  Georgia, 
from  1802  to  1807  ;  and  was  one  of  the 
most  conspicuous  among  its  members 
who  supported  the  Administration.  On 
his  return  to  Georgia,  he  was  made  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  and  in  1813  was  elected  Governor 
of  his  adopted  State.  He  was  subse 
quently  a  State  Senator,  but  for  several 
years  before  his  death  lived  in  retire 
ment.  He  died  August  15,  1817. 

Easterbrook,  Experience.-^orn 

in  Lebanon,  Grafton  County,  New 
Hampshire,  April  30,  1813;  received  a 
good  academic  education  ;  studied  law 
in  Buffalo,  and  graduated  at  the  Law 
School  of  Marshall  College,  Pennsyl 
vania;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1840, 
where  he  practised  his  profession  until 
1854  ;  besides  holding  a  number  of 
county  offices  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  that  formed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  that  State  ;  served*  also^  in  the 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin,  and  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State.  In  1854 
he  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  Territory  of  Nebraska, 
which  office  he  held  until  1859,  when 
he  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress  from  Nebraska. 

Eastman,  Benjamin  C.  —  A  Re 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Wiscon 
sin,  from  1851  to  1855.  He  died  Febru 
ary  5,  1856,  at  Platteville,  in  that  State. 

Eastman,  Ira  A.  —  He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire  ;  graduated  in  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1829  ;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  from  1837  to  1839  ;  he  was  at 
one  time  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate  ; 
Register  of  Probate  ;  and  from  1844  to 
1859  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  and 
Supreme  Court  ;  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1839  to  1843. 


Eastman,  Nehemiah.— 

in  Strafford  County,  New  Hampshire  ; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  settled  at 
Farmington,  New  Hampshire  ;  was  a 
Senator  in  the  State  Legislature  from 
1820  to  1825  ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1825 
to  1827.  Died  January  11,  1856,  aged 
sixty-five  years. 

Easton,  Rufus.  —  He  was  a  Dele- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


123 


gate  to  Congress,  from  Missouri  Terri 
tory,  from  1814  to  1816. 

Eaton,  John  H. — He  was-  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1818  to  1829 ;  was  Secretary  of  War 
under  President  Jackson  (as  well  as  a 
warm  personal  friend),  from  1829  to 
1831  ;  from  1834  to  1836  was  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Florida ;  and  from 

1836  to   1840,  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  Spain.    He  died  in  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  November  17,  1856, 
aged  sixty-six  years. 

Eaton,  Letvis. — He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Eckert,  George  N. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Eckley,  Ephwiim  JR.  —  Born  in 
Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  December  9, 
1812;  received  his  education  in  the 
West;  read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 

1837  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Senate 
in  1843,  1845,  and  1849,  serving  until 
1851 ;  and  in  1853  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  House  of  Representatives.     After 
the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  had  charge, 
as  Colonel,  of  the    Twenty-sixth    and 
Eightieth  Regiments  of  Ohio  volunteers, 
serving  through  several  battles,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Corinth  he  had  command 
of  a  brigade.     In  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Private  Land  Claims,  and  on 
Roads  and  Canals  ;  and  in  March,  1863, 
resigned  his  position  in  the  army. 

Eddy,  Norman. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  having  removed  to  In 
diana,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Eddy,  Samuel. — Born  in  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  March  31,  1769; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1787 ; 
studied  law,  but  did  not  long  engage  in 
practice.  In  1798  he  was  chosen  Secre 
tary  of  State,  and  held  the  office  for 
twenty-one  years,  when  he  resigned, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1819  to  1825.  He  was  subsequently 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Rhode  Island,  for  eight  years.  He  de 


voted  some  attention  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  published  a  work  on  "Antiquities," 
and  was  honored,  in  1801,  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  He  died  in  Providence, 
February  3,  1839. 

Eden,  John  JR. — Was  born  in  Bath 
County,  Kentucky,  February  1,  1826 ; 
went  with  his  parents  at  an  early  age  to 
Indiana^  and  received  a  common  school 
education ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  it  in  Illinois.  In  1856 
he  was  appointed  State  Attorney  for  the 
Seventeenth  District,  which  office  he 
held  four  years;  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Illinois, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Ac 
counts  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Edgerton,  Alfred  P.  — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  removing  to 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

Edgerton,  Joseph  Ketchum. — 

Born  in  Vergennes,  Vermont,  February 
16,  1818 ;  spent  his  youth  in  Clinton 
County,  New  York,  and  received  a 
common  school  education,  chiefly  at 
Plattsburg  ;  read  law ;  settled  in  New 
York  City  in  1835,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1839,  and  removed  to  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana,  in  1844.  In  1855  he  was  Pre 
sident  of  the  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago 
Railroad  Company,  and  subsequently 
financial  agent  of  the  same  when  con 
solidated  with  the  Pittsburg  road,  and 
in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Na 
val  Affairs. 

Edgerton,  Sidney. — BorninCaze- 

novia,  Madison  County,  New  York,  in 
1818 ;  became  an  orphan  when  a  mere 
boy,  and  acquired  an  academic  educa 
tion  by  means  of  his  own  exertions, 
teaching  school  and  studying  at  the 
same  time ;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1844 
and  studied  law,  spending  one  year  at 
the  Law  School  in  Cincinnati ;  he  was 
a  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  four  years 
in  Summit  County ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and 


124 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Private  Land  Claims.  He  was  appointed 
by  President  Lincoln  a  Judge  for  the 
Territory  of  Idaho,  and  subsequently 
Governor  of  Montana. 

Edie,  John  JR. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Edmond,  William.  —  Born  at 
South  Britain,  Connecticut,  September 
28,  1755,  and  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1773.  He  was  a  volunteer  sol 
dier  at  the  burning  of  Danbury,  and 
received  a  wound  in  the  leg,  which 
made  him  lame  for  life.  He  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature,  member  of  the 
Council,  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  ;  and  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1798  to  1801.  He  died 
in  Newton,  Connecticut,  August  1, 1838. 

Edmonds,   J.    Wiley.— He   was 

born  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Edmundson,  Henry  A. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  having  been 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  in  1849,  has  been  re- 
elected  to  each  successive  Congress, 
serving  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures. 

Edsall,  Joseph  E. — He  was  born 
in  Sussex  County,  New  Jersey,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  last  State  Constitution. 

Edwards,  Benjamin. — Born  in 
Stafford  County,  Virginia,  in  1752,  and 
died  in  Todd  County,  Kentucky,  No 
vember  13,  1826.  He  had  not  the  ad 
vantage  of  a  classical  education,  and  his 
pursuits  were  those  of  agriculture  and 
merchandise.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  Legislature  ;  also  of  the  State 
Convention  which  ratified  the  Federal 
Constitution ;  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1793  to 
1795.  He  spent  the  later  years  of  his 
life  in  Kentucky,  but  held  no  public 
positions  in  that  State. 


Edwards,  Francis  S.  —  He  was 

born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  May  28, 
1818 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
and  removing  to  New  York,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Master  in  Chancery  in  1841 
for  the  County  of  Chenango ;  in  1851 
was  elected  Surrogate  of  Chautauque 
County ;  and  in  1854  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Edwards,  Henry  W.  —  He  was 

born  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in 
1779;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1797;  studied  his  profession  at  the 
Litchfield  Law  School,  and  settled  in 
New  Haven.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1819  to  1823 ;  United 
States  Senator  from  1823  to  1827 ;  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate  in  1828  and  1829; 
Speaker  of  the  Connecticut  House  of 
Representatives  in  1830;  Governor  in 
1833,  and  from  1835  to  1838  ;  and  upon 
his  recommendation  a  geological  sur 
vey  of  the  State  was  taken.  He  died  in 
New  Haven,  July  22,  1847. 

Edwards,  John. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1792  to  1795. 

Edwards,  John.—Kz  was  born  in 

New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1843. 

Edwards.,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1839  to  1843,  and  died  in 
Chester,  Pennsylvania,  June  25,  1843. 

Edwards,  John   C. — He  was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mis 
souri,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  Governor 
of  that  State,  from  1844  to  1848. 

Edwards,  Ninian.  —  Born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Maryland,  March, 
1775.  He  was  in  early  life  the  intimate 
friend  of  William  Wirt,  and  graduated 
at  Dickinson  College.  He  studied  both 
medicine  and  law,  but  devoted  himself 
to  the  practice  of  the  law  with  eminent 
success.  Removing  to  Kentucky,  he 
was  twice  elected  to  the  Legislature  ; 
was  appointed  a  Circuit  Clerk,  and  sub 
sequently  Judge  of  the  General  Court 
of  Kentucky,  of  the  Circuit  Court,  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  and,  finally,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State,  and  all  before  reach 
ing  the  thirty-second  year  of  his  age. 
In  1809  President  Madison  appointed 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


125 


him  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Illi 
nois,  to  which  office  he  was  three  times 
reappointed.  Before  Congress  had 
adopted  any  measures  on  the  subject  of 
volunteer  rangers,  he  organized  compa 
nies,  supplied  them  with  arms,  built 
stockade  forts,  and  established  a  line  of 
posts  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  to 
the  "W abash  Kiver.  He  was  thus  pre 
pared  for  defence,  and  during  the  In 
dian  wars  on  the  frontiers,  was  most  de 
voted  to  his  country's  service.  In  1816 
he  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Indian  tribes.  When  Il 
linois  became  a  State,  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  serving  from  1818 
to  1824,  when  he  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Mexico,  but  declined  the  office.  In 
1826  he  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  which  office  he  filled 
until  1831.  He 'died  of  cholera,  July 
20,  1833. 

Edwards,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1827. 

Edwards,  Thomas  M. — Born  in 

Cheshire,  New  Hampshire ;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  served  eight  years  in  the 
New  Hampshire  Legislature,  between 
the  years  1834  and  1856  ;  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1856 ;  and  in  1859 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Edwards.  Thomas  O. — He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Edwards,  Weldon  N. — Born  in 
Northampton  County,  North  Carolina, 
in  1788;  educated  at  Warrenton  Aca 
demy  ;  read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1810 ;  was  in  the  Legislature  for  two 
years  ;  and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1816  to  1827.  He  again  went  into 
the  Legislature,  serving  there  from 
1833  to  1844;  and  was  re-elected  in 
1850,  when  he  was  made  President  of 
the  State  Senate. 

Effner,  Valentine. — He  was  born 


in  New  York  ;  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  that  State  in  1829 ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Egbert,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

Ege,  George. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
during  the  years  1796  and  1797. 

Eggleston,  Joseph.  —  Born  in 
Amelia  County,  Virginia,  November 
24,  1754,  and  died  February  15,  1811. 
He  was  educated  at  the  College  of  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  ;  served  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  war  as  a  Captain  and  Major  of 
cavalry  under  Colonel  Henry  Lee  ;  was 
in  several  of  the  battles  fought  by  Gates 
and  Greene ;  he  served  in  the  Virginia 
Assembly  for  several  years  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1798 
to  1801.  From  the  time  of  his  leaving 
Congress  until  his  death,  he  was  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace. 

Eldredge,  Charles  A. — He  was 

born  in  Bridgeport,  Addison  County, 
Vermont,  February  27,  1821.  When  a 
child  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York ;  stu 
died  law  in  that  State,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1846.  In  1848  he  removed  to 
Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin;  in  1854  and 
1855  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Se 
nate  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Eliot,  Samuel  A. — Born  in  Boston, 

Massachusetts,  March  5j  1798;  educated 
at  Harvard  College,  and  engaged  in  com 
mercial  and  manufacturing  business. 
He  was  Mayor  of  Boston,  from  1837  to 
1839  ;  Representative  and  Senator  in  the 
Legislature  for  three  or  four  years  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1850 
to  1851.  He  was  also  Treasurer  of  Har 
vard  College  eleven  years.  Died  at 
Cambridge  in  1861. 

Eliot,  Thomas  D.— Born  in  Bos 
ton,  Massachusetts,  March  20,  1808; 
graduated  at  Columbia  College,  Wash 
ington,  in  1825 ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  and  settled  at  New  Bedford; 
served  in  both  houses  of  the  Massachu- 


126 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


setts  Legislature  ;  served  as  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Zeno  Scudder,  in  1855  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce  ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Special  Committee  on  Confiscation  of 
the  property  of  rebels ;  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Trea 
sury  Department. 

Ellery,  Christopher.  —  He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1787;  'was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island, 
from  1801  to  1805  ;  and  was  appointed, 
in  the  latter  year,  United  States  Com 
missioner  of  Loans.  He  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Newport  in  1828 ;  and  died 
in  1840. 

Ellicott,  Benjamin. — He  was  a 

Representative  in 'Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Elliot.  Jolin. — He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1794;  resided  in  Sun- 
bury,  Liberty  County, -Georgia,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1825,  serving  on  several 
important  committees.  He  died  August 
9,  1827. 

Elliot,  Thomas  D. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law ;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1846  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1854  to 
1855.  He  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress  in  1859. 

Elliott,  James. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1803  to  1809,  and  died  at  Newfane, 
Vermont,  November  10,  1839. 

Elliott,  John  M.— Born  in  Scott 
County,  Virginia,  May  16,  1820.  He 
was  educated  in  the  county  schools  of 
Kentucky ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
the  practice  in  1843  ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1847 ;  and  in  1853 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Ellis,  Caleb.— Born  at  Walpole, 
Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at  Har 


vard  College  in  1793;  when  admitted 
to  the  bar  he  settled  at  Claremont,  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1805  to  1809;  was  a 
member  of  the  Council,  and  in  1811 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  In  1812  he 
was  one  of  the  Electors  of  President 
and  Vice-President;  and  in  1813  was 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  continued  in  that  office 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  May  9, 
1816,  aged  forty-nine  years. 

Ellis,  Cheselden. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

Ellis,  Fowhatan.  —  He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  but  removing  at  an  early 
day  to  Mississippi,  there  devoted  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  law.  He  became 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  that  State ;  in  1825  he  was  appointed 
to  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  but 
was  displaced  by  the  Legislature;  in 
1827,  however,  the  Legislature  elected 
him  a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he 
served  until  1833.  In  1836  he  was  ap 
pointed  Charge*  d' Affaires  toMexico,  and 
in  1839  full  Minister  to  that  republic. 

Ellis,  William  C.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Ellison,  Andreiv. — He  was  born 
in  Ireland,  and  having  emigrated  to 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver.  —  Born  at 
Windsor,  Connecticut,  April  29,  1745, 
and  graduated  at  Princeton  College, 
New  Jersey,  in  1766.  He  studied  law, 
and  soon  became  eminent  in  the  prac 
tice.  In  1777  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate 
in  Congress,  from  Connecticut.  In  1780 
he  was  elected  to  the  Council  of  Connec 
ticut,  and  was  a  member  of  that  body 
till  1784,  when  he  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that 
State.  In  1787  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Federal  Constitution.  In  an  assembly 
illustrious  for  talents,  erudition,  and 
patriotism,  he  held  adistingulshed place. 
His  exertions  essentially  aided  in  the 
production  of  an  instrument  which  has 
been  the  main  pillar  of  American  pros- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


127 


perity  and  glory.  He  was  afterwards 
a  member  of  the  State  Convention  of 
Connecticut,  and  contributed  his  efforts 
toward  procuring  the  ratification  of  the 
Constitution  by  that  State.  When  the 
Federal  Government  was  organized,  in 
1789,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Senate, 
from  Connecticut.  In  1796  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  Washington,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  but  resigned  the  office,  on  account 
of  ill  health,  in  1800.  In  1799  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  to  France,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  settling  a  treaty  with  that  na 
tion.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D., 
in  1790,  from  Yale  College,  and  in  1797 
from  Dartmouth.  He  died  November 
26,  1807. 

Ellsworth,  Samiiel  S.— He  was 

born  in  Vermont;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1840,  and  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Ellsworth,  William  W.— He  was 

born  in  Windsor,  Hartford  County, 
Connecticut,  November  10,  1791;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1810;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  was  Professor 
of  Law  in  Trinity  College ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1829  to  1833.  In  183.8 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut, 
and  re-elected  four  years ;  and  for  many 
years  past  has  been  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Connecticut. 

Elmaker,Amos. — He  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  an  officer  in  the  army  which 
marched  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  de 
fence  of  Baltimore  in  1812.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Dauphin  District  of  Pennsylvania,  from 
1814  to  1815,  having  been  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation 
of  James  Whitehall.  He  was  appointed 
President  Judge  of  the  Dauphin,  Leba 
non,  and  Schuylkill  District;  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State;  and  in 
1832  was  a  candidate  for  the  Vice-Pre 
sidency  of  the  United  States.  He  re 
tired  from  the  active  duties  of  his  pro 
fession,  and  resided  in  Lancaster  City, 
where  he  died  in  1851.  Some  authori 
ties  give  this  name  as  Slaymaker ;  but 
it  is  presumed  that  the  above  spelling 
is  correct. 


Elniendorf,  Lucas. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  in  1782,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1797  to  1803;  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1804  and 
1805;  and  a  State  Senator  from  1814  to 
1817. 

Elmer,  Ebcnezer. — He  was  born 
in  Cedarville,  New  Jersey,  in  1752;  was 
educated  a  physician ;  was  a  field-officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  war ;  also  a  surgeon 
in  the  army;  was  President  of  the  So 
ciety  of  the  Cincinnati  for  New  Jersey  ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1801  to  1807;  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  State  Assembly,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker ;  he  was  also  for  a  long 
timeAdjutant-General  of  the  New  Jersey 
militia ;  during  the  war  of  1812,  he  com 
manded  the  troops  on  the  Delaware ;  in 
1807  and  1815  he  was  a  member  andVice- 
President  of  the  State  Council ;  in  1808 
he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Bridge- 
ton,  and  held  the  office  for  many  years ; 
and  he  died  at  Bridgeton,  New  Jersey, 
October  18,  1843.  He  was  one  who  al 
ways  seemed  to  think  more  of  his  duty 
as  a  public  officer  than  of  his  private 
interests. 

Elmer,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 
in  Cumberland  County,  New  Jersey,  in 
1745;  was  a  prominent  physician,  and 
practised  in  his  native  county,  having 
graduated  with  honors  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress  under  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion,  from  1789  to  1791.  During  the 
Revolution,  he  was  a  Sheriff,  a  Surrogate, 
and  a  Judge ;  was  a  man  of  learning,  and 
member  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
America.  He  died  in  1817. 


Elmer,  Lucius  Q.   C.  —  Born  in 

Bridgeton,  New  Jersey,  in  1793;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College;  was  edu 
cated  a  lawyer,  which  profession  he 
practised  in  his  native  town,  For  many 
years  he  was  Prosecutor  for  the  State; 
was  in  the  Assembly  from  1820  to  1823, 
the  last  year  being  Speaker  of  that  body ; 
and  in  1824  he  was  appointed  Attorney 
of  the  United  States  for  New  Jersey, 
which  office  he  filled  until  1829.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1843  to  1845;  in  1850 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
State ;  and  in  1852  one  of  the  Justices  of 


128 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Supreme  Court  of  his  State,  which 
office  he  continued  to  hold  until  1859. 

Elmore,  Franklin  Harper. — 

Born  in  Laurens  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  in  1799;  entered  South  Carolina 
College  in  November,  1817,  and  gradu 
ated  in  1819;  he  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821 ; 
was  a  Colonel  of  militia,  and  also  a 
Trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  College. 
In  1822  he  was  elected  Solicitor  of  the 
Southern  Circuit,  and  was  continued  in 
this  office,  by  re-elections,  until  1837, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress,  and  served 
till  1839  ;  he  was  that  year  elected  Pre 
sident  of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina,  which  office  he  held  till  his 
nomination  to  the  Senate  in  1850,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death 
of  the  Hon.  John  C.  Calhoun.  His 
voice  was  heard  but  once  in  the  Senate, 
and  then  in  answering  to  his  name  when 
called  by  the  Secretary.  He  died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  May 
29,  1850. 

Ely,  Alfred. — Was  born  in  Lyme, 
New  London  County,  Connecticut,  .Feb 
ruary  18,  1815;  removed  to  Rochester, 
New  York,  in  1835;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  where 
he  has  since  practised  his  profession. 
In  1840,  while  a  student  at  law,  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Recorder's  Court 
of  Rochester  ;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress ;  was  re-elected, 
and  while  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  In  July, 
1861,  he  was  a  witness  of  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  where  he  was  captured  and 
taken  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Richmond ; 
after  a  confinement  of  more  than  five 
months,  he  was  exchanged  in  December, 
1861,  for  the  Hon.  Charles  J.  Faulkner, 
the  American  Minister  to  France,  who 
had  been  imprisoned  for  disloyalty. 
After  his  return  home,  Mr.  Ely  pub 
lished  a  book  with  this  title,  "  Journal 
of  Alfred  Ely,  a  Prisoner  of  War  in 
Richmond,"  edited  by  the  author  of 
this  Dictionary. 

Ely,  John. — He  was  born  in  Con 
necticut,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1839 
to  1841,  having  previously  served  two 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State. 


Ely,  William. — He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1787  ;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1805  to  1815,  and  died  in  1817. 

Embree,  Elisha. — Born  in  Lin 
coln  County,  Kentucky,  September  28, 
1801,  and  removed  with  his  father,  in 
1811,  to  the  southwestern  portion  of 
Indiana  Territory,  where  he  has  con 
tinued  to  reside.  He  received  a  com 
mon  school  education,  after  which  he 
studied  and  practised  law.  In  1813  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  In 
diana  ;  in  1835  was  chosen,  by  the  Le 
gislature,  Circuit  Judge,  which  office 
he  held  for  ten  years.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  Representative  in  the  Thirtieth 
Congress,  and  after  the  expiration  of 
that  term  became  engaged  in  agricul 
tural  pursuits.  Died  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  March  7,  1863. 

Emott,  James. — Born  in  Albany, 
New  York,  in  1770;  he  did  not  receive 
a  collegiate  education,  but  in  1800  Union 
College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  He  was  a  distinguished  member 
of  the  bar,  and  under  the  old  Constitu 
tion  of  New  York  he,  for  several  years, 
filled  the  office  of  first  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  his  county, 
and  in  that  capacity  gave  that  court  a 
rank  among  the  best  of  the  State.  Un 
der  the  Constitution  of  1821  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  for  the  Second  District, 
which  station  he  filled  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  sixty  years,  which  required 
him  to  retire.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1809  to  1813,  and  died  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  April  7,  1850. 

Emrie,  J.  lleece.—He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

English,  James  E. — Was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  March, 
1812 ;  entered  early  in  life  into  mercan 
tile  pursuits,  and  continued  to  do  busi 
ness  as  a  merchant  until  1855;  since 
which  he  has  been  extensively  engaged 
in  several  branches  of  manufacture.  In 
1855  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  ;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  declined  a  re-election  ;  was 
a  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Connecticut  in  1860,  but  was  not  elected ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


129 


his  native  State,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress  ;  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Public  Lands,  and  Expendi 
tures  in  the  State  Department. 

English,  William  H.— Born  in 
Scott  County,  Indiana,  August  27, 1822. 
He  received  a  good  common  school  edu 
cation,  and  spent  three  years  at  the 
University  of  South  Hanover  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1845,  but  when  at  home  is  chiefly  de 
voted  to  agricultural  pursuits  ;  in  1843 
he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Indiana ;  during 
President  Polk's  administration  he  was 
a  Clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department ; 
he  was  the  Clerk  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1850 ;  in  1851  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
officiated  as  Speaker;  in  1852  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
re-elected  in  1854,  and  made  a  Regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  ;  again 
elected  in  1856,  and  during  the  first  ses 
sion  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  took 
part  in  the  Kansas  Compromise  mea 
sure,  and  officiated  at  the  same  time  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

Eppes,  John  W. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1803  to  1811,  and  again  from  1813 
to  1815 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1817  to  1819,  when  he  resigned 
from  ill  health ;  he  died  near  Richmond, 
Virginia,  September,  1823,  aged  fifty 
years. 

Erdman,  Jacob. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 


Ervin,  James. — Born 


in    South 

Carolina  in  October,  1778 ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1797  ;  studied 
law,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1800 ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1801 
and  1802,  and  from  1804  to  1816;  was  a 
Solicitor  of  the  Northern  Circuit ;  eight 
years  a  Trustee  of  the  South  Carolina 
College  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1817  to  1821, 
and  died  in  1841. 


Estill,  Benjamin. — He  was  born 
in  "Washington  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Etheridge,  Emerson. — He  was 

born  in  Currituck,  North  Carolina, 
September  28,  1819;  when  thirteen 
years  of  age  he  removed  to  Tennessee, 
where  he  received  a  common  school 
education  ;  and  having  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840.  In  1845 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  at  once  nominated  for  Speaker, 
which  he  lost  by  two  votes  ;  re-elected 
in  1846 ;  and  in  1853  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Tennessee,  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth,  and  also  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving,  during  his  last 
term,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs.  On  the  meeting  of 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  he  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives. 

Eustis,  George,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Louisiana,  and  was  educated  at  Har 
vard  University  ;  practised  law  in  New 
Orleans,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Commerce. 

Eustis,  William. — Was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  June  10, 
1753.  After  graduating  at  Harvard 
College  in  1772,  he  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Joseph  "Warren.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  war  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  of  a  regiment,  and  afterwards 
hospital  surgeon.  In  1777,  and  during 
most  of  the  war,  he  occupied,  as  a  hos 
pital,  the  spacious  house  of  Colonel 
Robinson,  a  royalist,  opposite  to  West 
Point ;  Arnold  had  his  headquarters  in 
the  same  house.  At  the  termination  of 
the  war,  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Boston.  In  1800  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  Massachusetts,  serving  until 
805.  In  1809  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  Wrar  by  President  Madison,  and 
continued  in  office  until,  in  the  late  war, 
the  army  of  Hull  was  surrendered,  when 
he  resigned.  In  1815  he  was  sent  as 
Ambassador  to  Holland.  After  his  re 
turn,  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1820  to  1823.  He  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1823,  and 


130 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


died  in   Boston,  after  a  short  illness, 
February  6,  1825. 

Evans,  Alexander. — He  was  born 
at  Elkton,  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  his 
ancestors  having  settled  in  that  county 
more  than  a  hundred  years  ago.  His  edu 
cation  was  received  at  a  village  school, 
until  fifteen  years  of  age,  andhisfirstXvo- 
cation  was  that  of  a  civil  engineer.  In 
1842  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
his  native  town,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845.  He  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1847  to  1853,  since  which  time  he  has 
practised  his  profession  at  Elkton.  In 
1842  he  was  elected  Corresponding  Mem 
ber  of  the  National  Institute  at  Wash 
ington,  and  in  1849  received  the  degree 
of  A.  M.  from  Delaware  College.  In 
1851  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advance 
ment  of  Science,  and  also  a  member  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Baltimore. 

Evans,  David  JR. — Born  in  "West 
moreland,  England,  February  20, 1769; 
and,  having  removed  to  South  Carolina, 
was  educated  at  Mount  Zion  College ; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1796 ;  served  in  the  State  Legislature 
from  1800  to  1803;  from  1804  to  1811 
was  Solicitor  for  the  Middle  District  of 
South  Carolina ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 
to  1815 ;  in  1818  and  1822  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate ;  and  was  for 
many  years  the  President  of  a  Bible 
Society,  and  also  of  Mount  Zion  So 
ciety.  Died  March  8,  1843.  . 

Evans,  George. — Born  in  Hallo- 
well,  Maine,  January  12,  1797 ;  gra 
duated  at  Bowdoin  College,  September 
3,  1815;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Maine  in  1829 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1829  to  1841,  and  United 
States  Senator,  from  1841  to  1847.  From 
1849  to  1850  he  was  a  Commissioner  of 
the  Board  of  Claims  against  Mexico ; 
and  Attorney-General  of  Maine  in  1853, 
1854,  and  1856. 

Evans,  Joshua. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1829  to  1833. 

Evans,  Josiah  J. — He  was  born 
in  the  District  of  Marlborough,  South 
Carolina,  November  27,  1786;  he  was 


for  a  time  a  merchant's  clerk,  but  gra 
duated  at  South  Carolina  College  in 
1808 ;  taught  school  for  one  year ;  studied 
law  and  rose  to  a  high  legal  position ; 
at  an  early  age,  in  1812,  1813,  and  1816, 
he  was  sent  to  the  Legislature  ;  by  that 
body  made  Solicitor  for  the  State  from 
his  district,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirteen  years ;  in  1830  he  was  chosen 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which 
office  he  held  until  1852,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate. 
He  died  May  6,  1858,  of  disease  of  the 
heart,  having,  only  an  hour  before  his 
death,  been  partaking  of  the  hospitali 
ties  at  dinner  of  his  friend  and  colleague, 
Senator  Hammond.  He  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims  and  on  Contingent  Expenses  of 
the  Senate,  and  also  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Patents  and  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

Evans,  Lemuel  D.— He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Texas,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Evans,  Nathan.  —  Born  in  Bel- 
mont  County,  Ohio,  June  24,  1804 ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education,  and 
studied  law,  being  admitted  to  practice 
in  1831.  He  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Guernsey  County  for  four  years, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1847  to  1849,  and  now  follows  his 
profession  in  Cambridge,  Ohio. 

Evans,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1797  to  1801. 

Everett,  Edivard. — Born  in  Dor 
chester,  Massachusetts,  April,  1794.  He 
received  his  early  education  at  Boston, 
and  entered  Harvard  College  when 
little  more  than  thirteen  years  old, 
leaving  it  with  first  honors  four  years 
later,  undecided  as  to  a  pursuit  for  life. 
He  turned  his  attention  for  two  years 
to  the  profession  of  divinity ;  but,  in 
1814,  he  was  invited  to  accept  the  new 
professorship  of  Greek  literature  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  with  per 
mission  to  visit  Europe.  He  accepted 
the  office,  and,  before  entering  on  its 
duties,  embarked  at  Boston  for  Liver 
pool.  He  passed  more  than  two  years 
at  the  famous  University  of  Gottingen, 
engaged  in  the  study  of  the  German 
language  and  the  branches  of  learning 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


131 


connected  with  his  department.  He 
passed  the  winter  of  1817-18  at  Paris. 
The  next  spring  he  again  visited  Lon 
don,  and  passed  a  few  weeks  at  Cam 
bridge  and  Oxford.  In  the  autumn  of 

1818  he  returned  to  the  continent,  and 
divided  the  winter  "between  Florence, 
Home,  and  Naples.     In  the  spring  of 

1819  he  made  a  short  tour  in  Greece. 
He  came  home  in  1819,  and  entered  at 
once  upon  the  duties  of  his  professor 
ship.     Soon  after  his  return,  he  became 
the  editor  of  the  North  American  Re- 
view,  a  journal  which,  though  supported 
by  writers  of  great  ability,  had  acquired 
only  a  limited  circulation.     Under  its 
new   editor    the    demand   increased  so 
rapidly  that  a  second  and  sometimes  a 
third   edition   of  its   numbers  was  re 
quired.     In  1824  he  delivered  the  an 
nual  oration  before  the  Phi-Beta-Kappa 
Society,  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 
This  was  the  first  of  a  series  of  orations 
and  addresses  delivered  by  him  on  pub 
lic  occasions  of  almost  every  kind  du 
ring  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  after 
wards  collected  in  several  volumes.    Up 
to  1824  he  had  taken  no  active  interest 
in  politics,  but  the  constituency  of  Mid 
dlesex,  Massachusetts,  without  any  soli 
citation  on   his  part,  returned  him  to 
Congress.    For  ten  years  he  sat  in  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  working  member.     In 
1835  he  retired  from  Congress,  and  was 
for   four   successive   years   chosen   Go 
vernor  of  Massachusetts.     In  1841  he 
was  appointed  to  represent  the  United 
States  at  the  Court  of  St.  James.     Al 
though,  the   Secretaryship  of  State  at 
Washington  was  held  by  four  different 
statesmen,  of  various   politics,  during 
his  mission,  he  enjoyed  the  confidence 
and  approbation  of  all.    His  scholarship 
was  recognized  by  the  bestowal  of  the 
degree  of  D.  C.  L.  by  the  Universities 
of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.    He  returned 
to   America  in  1845,  and  was  chosen 
President   of  Harvard   College,  which 
office  he  resigned  in  1849.    On  the  death 
of  Mr.  Webster,  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State   by  President   Fillmore, 
which  office  he  resigned  for  a  seat  in 
the  Senate.     This  position  he  also  re 
signed,  since  which  time,  although  lead 
ing  the  quiet  life  of  a  scholar,  he  has 
greatly  added  to  his  reputation  by  de 
livering  orations  on  the  Life  of  Wash 
ington,  and  on  other  topics,  all  being 
for  charitable  purposes.      He  was  the 
intimate  friend  of  Daniel  Webster,  and 
wrote  the  best  Life  extant  of  that  dis 


tinguished  man,  whose  many  collected 
writings  he  edited.  In  1860  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Union  party  as  their 
candidate  for  the  office  of  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  United  States,  but  was  de 
feated. 

Everett,  Horace.  —  A  native  of 
Vermont,  was  born  in  1780 ;  he  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  settled  in  Wind 
sor,  and  distinguished  himself  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  jury  advocates  in 
Vermont.  He  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1819,  1820,  1822,  1823, 
1824,  and  1834  ;  was  State's  Attorney 
for  Windsor  County,  from  1813  to  1817; 
and  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1828. 
He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1829  to  1843,  and  had  the  title  con 
ferred  upon  him  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
Died  at  Windsor,  Vermont,  January 
30,  18*51. 


EverJiart,    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1855.  The  circum 
stance  is  related  of  this  gentleman,  that 
it  was  his  misfortune,  many  years  ago, 
to  be  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Ireland, 
where  he  and  five  survivors  of  the  ill- 
fated  vessel  were  treated  with  great 
kindness  ;  and  that,  during  the  famine 
in  Ireland  a  few  years  ago,  he  loaded  a 
ship  with  provisions,  at  his  own  ex 
pense,  and  sent  her  to  Ireland,  by  way 
of  expressing  his  gratitude. 

Ewing,  Andrew.— He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 


Ewing  y  Ettovin  H. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Eiving,  John. — He  was  born  at 

sea,  while  his  parents  were  on  their 
way  from  Ireland  to  Baltimore.  He 
was  bred  to  mercantile  pursuits,  but  ac 
quired  a  taste  for  literature.  He  served 
in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature  of 
Indiana,  and  was  a  Representative  of 
that  State,  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  again  from  1837  to  1839.  He 
died  suddenly  and  alone,  at  Vincennes, 


132 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  the  winter  of  1857,  leaving  on  his 
table  these  lines  : 

"  Here  lies  a  man  who  loved  his  friends, 
His  God,  his  country,  and  Vincennes." 

Ewinff,  John  H.—  He  was  born  in 

Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Eiving,  Presley.  —  Born  in  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress  ;  he  died  at  the 
Mammoth  Cave,  September  27,  1854. 
He  was  considered  one  of  the  most 
promising  young  men  of  the  State. 

Eiving,  Thomas.  —  He  was  born 
near  West  Liberty,  Ohio  County,  Vir 
ginia,  December  28,  1789;  he  received 
his  early  education  chiefly  from  an  el 
der  sister,  and,  with  his  father's  family, 
settled  in  the  wilds  of  Ohio,  about»1792, 
where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a 
winter  school  and  an  academy  ;  his  life, 
during  his  youth  and  early  manhood, 
was  one  of  continuous  toil  ;  in  1814  he 
was  a  school  teacher  ;  in  1815  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.B.  from  the  Athens 
Academy,  the  first  ever  granted  in 
Ohio  ;  and  he  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1816,  practising 
with  success  in  the  courts  of  Ohio  and 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
In  1830  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  from  Ohio,  where 
he  remained  until  1837  ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  President  Harrison's  cabinet,  as 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  1841  ;  on 
the  accession  of  President  Taylor  to  the 
Presidency,  in  1849,  he  was  invited  into 
the  cabinet,  and  took  charge  of  the  new 
Department  of  the  Interior  ;  and,  in 
1850,  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  where  he  remained 
until  1851,  when  he  retired  from  politi 
cal  life  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Ewinff,  William  L.  D.  —  He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Illi 
nois,  from  1836  to  1837.  Died  March 
25,  1846. 


ldf  John.  —  Born  in  Saco, 
Maine,  January  30,  1797.  He  received 
a  common  school  education,  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826.  In 
1832  he  was  appointed  reporter  of  the 
decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  ;  from 


1835  to  1839  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  ;  he  was  Governor  of  the  State 
during  the  years  1839,  1840,  1842,  and 
1843  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  in  1843,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
in  1845  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six 
years  ;  but  he  died  at  Washington,  De 
cember  24,  1847,  after  a  surgical  opera 
tion  for  the  relief  of  a  local  complaint. 

Faran,  James  J. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  residing  at  Cincinnati,  and 
was  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the 
Thirtieth  Congress. 

Farelly,  John  W. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Farelly,  Patrick. — Born  in  Ire 
land  in  1760;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to 
1826.  Died  January  12,  1826,  at  Mead- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  while  in  Congress. 

Farlee,  Isaac  G. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Farley '?  E.  Wilder.— He  was  born 
in  Maine,  in  1818 ;  graduated  at  Bow- 
doin  College  in  1836  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1845  and 
from  1851  to  1853;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1853  to  1855.  He  also  served  in  the 
State  Senate  in  1856. 

Farlin,  Dudley.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1835  to  1837,  and  died  at 
Warrensburg,  New  York,  September 
26,  1837. 

Farnsworth.  John  F. — Born  in 
the  township  of  Eaton,  Lower  Canada, 
March  27,  1820 ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  and  was  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  and  in  1862  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs.  In  1861  he  took  part 
in  the  war  as  a  Colonel  of  volunteers. 

Farrington,   James.  —  He    was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


133 


born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1791,  and 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1837  to  1839.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1830,  1832,  and  1833.  Died  at  Ro- 
chester,  New  York,  October  29,  1859. 

Farroiv,  Samuel. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1760;  served  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  war  and  was  wounded  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1793;  was  elected  to  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  as  a  Representative  for 
the  terms  from  1813  to  1817,  but  re 
signed  in  1816  ;  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  from  1817  to  1821 ;  and  died 
at  Columbia,  November  18,  1824. 

Faulkner,  Charles  J. — Born  in 

Berkeley  County,  Virginia,  about  the 
year  1805.  He  received  a  collegiate 
education  ;  came  to  the  bar  in  1829 ; 
was,  in  1832  and  1833,  elected  to  the 
House  of  Delegates  ;  soon  afterwards  ap 
pointed  a  Commissioner  to  report  upon 
the  boundary  between  Virginia  and 
Maryland ;  in  1841  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Virginia,  and  in  1848  was 
again  elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  ; 
in  1850  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  formed  to  revise  the  Constitution 
of  the  State ;  and  having,  in  1851,  been 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
has  been  re-elected  to  each  successive 
Congress,  and  was,  during  the  first  ses 
sion  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  a 
member  of  the  Committee  to  Inquire 
into  the  Sale  of  the  Fort  Snelling  Re 
servation,  also  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Military  Affairs,  and  in  a  sub 
sequent  Congress  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  In  Jan 
uary,  1860,  he  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan  Minister  to  France.  He 
returned  to  America  in  1861  ;  was  sus 
pected  of  disloyalty,  imprisoned  at  Fort 
Warren,  and  exchanged  for  Hon.  Al 
fred  Ely  in  December  of  that  year. 

Fay,  Francis  B.— He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Senate  in  1842  and  1845; 
Mayor  of  Chelsea  in  1857  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1852  to  1853. 

Fay,  John. — He  was  born  in  Wor 
cester  County,  Massachusetts,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821. 


Fearing,  Paul. — Born  in  Ware- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  February  28,  1762, 
fraduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
785;  studied* law,  and  emigrated  to 
Ohio,  where  he  became  distinguished  in 
his  profession.  He  settled  in  Marietta 
in  1788,  after  performing  the  journey, 
from  Baltimore  over  the  mountains,  on 
foot.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Attorney  for 
Washington  County,  in  that  Territory. 
In  1797  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
Probate,  for  his  county,  and  in  1801 
was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  serv 
ing  until  1803.  In  1814 he  was  appointed 
Master  Commissioner  in  Chancery,  and 
from  1810  to  1817  was  Judge  in  one  of 
the  State  Courts.  In  1808  he  engaged 
extensively  in  the  raising  of  merino 
sheep,  producing  the  best  description  of 
wool,  and  stimulating  others  to  unite 
in  the  business.  He  died  August  21, 
1822. 

Feather  stone,    W.   S.  —  He   was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  on  taking  up 
his  residence  in  Mississippi,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1847 
to  1851.  Took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of 
1861  as  a  Brigadier-General. 

Felch.  Alpheus. — Born  in  Limer 
ick,  York  County,  Maine,  September 
28,  1806.  He  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession.  He  emigrated  to  Michigan 
when  quite  young ;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1836  and  1837  ; 
was  appointed  Bank  Commissioner  of 
Michigan  in  1838,  and  resigned  in  1839  ; 
for  a  short  time  in  1842  was  Auditor- 
General  of  the  State,  but  relinquished 
that  position  for  a  seat  on  the  bench  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan ;  in 
1845  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Michi 
gan,  and  having  resigned  in  1847,  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  six 
years.  He  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  one  of  the  Commissioners  to 
settle  land  claims  in  California,  under 
the  Act  of  Congress  and  the  Treaty  of 
Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  in  March,  1853,  the 
business  of  which  commission  was  closed 
by  disposing  of  all  the  cases  before  it  in 
March,  1856,  since  which  time  he  has 
lived  in  retirement.  He  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1864. 

Felder,  John  M. — Born  in  Orange- 
burg  District,  South  Carolina,  July  7, 


134 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1782 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1804;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1808 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly  in  18^2,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  Senate ;  was  a.  Trustee 
of  South  Carolina  College ;  and  served 
as  a  Major  of  the  militia;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at 
Union  Point,  September  1,  1851. 

Fenner,  James. — Born  in  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  in  1771 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University,  from  which 
Institution  he  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  He  was  for  more  than  half  a 
century  actively  connected  with  the 

Public  affairs  of  his  native  State  ;  was 
Inited  States  Senator  from  1805  to 
1807,  when  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  which  office  he  held  four 
years ;  was  re-elected  in  1824,  and  served 
seven  years,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1844.  He  died  in  Providence,  April 
17,  1846. 

Fenton,  Reuben  E. — Born  in  Car 
roll,  Chautauque  County,  New  York, 
July  1,  1819;  was  educated  at  Pleasant 
Hill  and  Fredonia  Academies,  and  adop 
ted  the  profession  of  law,  but  pursued 
the  mercantile  business.  In  1843  he  was 
elected  Supervisor  of  the  town  of  Car 
roll.  He  was  elected  a  Representative, 
in  the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  from  New  York,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Thirtj^-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means. 

Ferguson,  Fenner. — BorninRens- 
selaer  County,  New  York,  April  25, 
1814.  His  education  was  academic,  and 
he  is  a  lawyer  by  profession;  he  was 
Master  in  Chancery  in  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1844 ;  also  Master  in  Chancery 
in  Michigan ;  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
Legislature,  and  Prosecuting  Attorney. 
June  29, 1854,  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Pierce,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Nebraska,  which  office  he  re 
signed,  after  being  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
Territory. 


Ferris,  Charles  G. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Ferry,  Orris  S. — Born  in  Bethel, 
Connecticut,  August  loth,  1823;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1844;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846. 
In  1847  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  First  Division 
Connecticut  Militia;  in  1849  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Norwalk ;  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1855  and  1856;  in  1856  he  was 
appointed  State  Attorney  for  the  County 
of  Fairfield,  which  position  he  continued 
to  occupy  until  1859,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  theThirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims. 

Fessenden,  Sam  uel  €.— ;Was  born 
in  New  Gloucester,  Maine, March  7, 1815; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1834, 
and  completed  his  education  at  the  Ban- 

for  Theological  Seminary  in  1837;  in 
838  he  was  ordained  and  installed  as 
Pastor  of  the  Second  Congregational 
Church,  in  Thomaston,  now  Rockland, 
and  dismissed  at  his  own  request  in 
1856 ;  during  that  year  he  established 
the  Maine  Evangelist;  in  1858  he  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  the  law ;  soon 
after  taking  that  step  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Rock- 
land  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Maine,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Unfinished  Business. 

Fessenden,  T.  A.  Z). — Was  born 
in  Portland,  Maine,  January  23,  1826; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1845; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  that  nomi 
nated  General  Fremont  for  President ; 
in  1858  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to 
the  Governor  of  Maine ;  in  1860  was 
elected  to  the  Maine  Legislature ;  and 
in  1861  was  chosen  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Androscoggin ;  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until  1862,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Maine, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  C.  W.  Walton,  re 
signed,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims. 

Fessenden,  William  P.— Born  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


135 


Boscawcn,  New  Hampshire,  October  16, 
1806 ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1823; 'studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  Portland,  in  1827,  where  he 
has  continued  the  practice  to  the  pre 
sent  time ;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature  in  1832,  and  re-elected  in 
1840 ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress 
from  1841  to  1843,  declining  further  ser 
vice;  was  again  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1845  and  1846,  and  re-elected  in  1853 
and  1854;  and  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  six  years,  from  March, 
1853,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Finance ;  and  in  1859  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  of  six  years,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fi 
nance.  He  was  a  member,  in  1832,  of 
the  Convention  which  nominated  Henry 
Clay  for  President,  and  also  of  the  Con 
ventions  that  nominated  Generals  Tay 
lor  and  Scott.  During  the  summer  of 
1858,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Bowdoin  College,  of  which 
iustitution  he  is  an  overseer.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of 
1861.  In  July,  1864,  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  in  the  place  of  S.  P.  Chase, 
resigned  ;  and  soon  afterward  received 
from  Harvard  University  the  degree  of 
LL.D. 

Few,  Williatn. —  Born  in  Mary 
land,  June  8,  1748.  When  he  was  ten 
years  of  age  he  removed  with  his  father 
to  North  Carolina,  where  he  received  a 
good  education.  He  was  a  Colonel  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  and  distin 
guished  himself  in  several  actions  with 
the  British  and  Indians.  He  settled  in 
Georgia  in  1776,  and  in  1778  was  Sur 
veyor-General  of  the  State,  and  Presid 
ing  Judge  of  the  Richmond  County 
Court ;  in  1780  he  was  sent  as  Delegate 
to  Congress,  and  remained  in  that  body 
until  the  peace ;  and  was  again  appointed 
in  1786;  and  in  the  next  year  he  assisted 
in  forming  the  National  Constitution, 
after  the  adoption  of  which  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving 
from  1789  to  1793;  in  1796  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Georgia, 
and  subsequently  served  three  years 
upon  the  Bench,  as  well  as  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State.  He  resided  during 
his  later  years  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
of  which  he  was  Mayor,  and  whence  he 
went  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State, 
and  where  he  also  held  the  office  of  Com 


missioner  of  Loans.     He  died  at  Fish- 
kill,  New  York,  July  16,  1828. 

FicMin,  Orlando  1$. — A  native  of 
Kentucky,  and  born  in  1808 ;  he  received 
a  plain  English  education;  studied  law, 
and  graduated  at  the  Transylvania  Law 
School,  commencing  to  practice  in  1830, 
in  Mount  Carmel,  Illinois.  In  1834  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
was  Attorney  for  the  Wabash  Circuit 
in  1835.  In  1838  and  in  1842,  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature;  and  in  1843 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  six  consecutive  years,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1850.  In  1853  he  was 
Colonel  of  militia;  since  which  time  he 
has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

Field,  Richard  S. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  held  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  for  a  few  months, 
in  1862-3,  by  appointment ;  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States 
for  New  Jersey. 

Fillmore9  Millard. — Born  Janu 
ary  7,  1800,  at  Summer  Hill,  Cayuga 
County,  in  the  State  of  New  York.  At 
an  early  age  he  was  sent  to  Livingston 
County,  at  that  time  a  wild  region,  to 
learn  the  clothier's  trade,  and  about  four 
months  later  he  was  apprenticed  to  a 
wool-carder,  in  the  town  in  which  his 
father  lived.  During  the  four  years 
that  he  worked  at  his  trade,  he  did  what 
he  could  to  supply  the  defects  of  his  early 
education.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  de 
voted  a  portion  of  his  time  to  teaching 
school.  In  1821  he  removed  to  Erie 
County,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  in 
the  city  of  Buffalo.  Two  years  later  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Common  Pleas,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
Aurora,  in  the  same  county.  In  1827, 
he  was  admitted  as  an  Attorney,  and  in 
1829  as  a  Counsellor  in  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  in  the  following  year  he  re 
moved  to  Buffalo.  His  political  life 
commenced  with  his  election  to  the  State 
Assembly,  in  which  he  took  his  seat  in 
1829.  In  1832  he  was  elected  to  Con 
gress,  and  took  his  seat  the  following 
year.  In  1835,  at  the  close  of  his  term 
in  office,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the 
law,  but  was  re-elected  to  Congress  in 
1837.  During  this  term,  he  took  a  more 
prominent  part  in  the  business  of  the 


136 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


House  than  during  his  former  term,  and 
was  assigned  a  place  on  the  Committee 
on  Elections.  He  was  successively  re- 
elected  to  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty- 
seventh  Congresses.  At  the  close  of  the 
first  session  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Con 
gress  he  declined  a  re-election,  returned 
to  Buffalo,  and  again  devoted  himself  to 
his  profession.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  the  State. 
In  1848  he  was  nominated  by  the  Whigs 
as  their  candidate  for  Vice-President, 
and  elected  to  that  office  in  the  autumn 
of  the  same  year.  In  March,  1849,  he 
resigned  his  office  of  Comptroller,  to 
assume  the  duties  of  his  new  position, 
where  he  remained  until  the  death  of 
President  Taylor,  in  July,  1850,  by 
which  he  was  elevated  to  the  Presiden 
tial  chair.  His  term  of  office  expired 
March  4,  1853.  Since  his  retirement 
from  public  life  he  has  visited  Europe. 

Finch.  Isaac. — He  was  a  native  of 
New  York  ;  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  in  1822  and  1824;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Finch,  William  E. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  in  1822 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  State  when 
twenty-one  years  of  age ;  in  1851  he 
was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio ;  in 
1852  was  a  member  of  the  National  Con 
vention  which  nominated  General  Scott 
for  the  Presidency ;  in  1861  he  was 
again  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  in 
1862  he  was  chosen  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Findlay,  James. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1825  to  1833.  He  died  at  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  December  21,  1835. 

Findlay,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1823  to  1827.  He  was  born 
in  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
brother  of  James  and  John. 

Findlay,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania ; 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  from  1817 
to  1820 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1827. 


Findley,  William. — He  came  in 
early  life  from  Ireland.  In  the  Revo 
lution  he  engaged  with  zeal  in  the  cause 
of  his  adopted  country,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  war  he  removed  to  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  new  Constitution  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1791  to  1799,  and  from  1803 
to  1817.  In  his  politics  he  opposed  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Adams,  and  sup 
ported  Mr.  Jefferson.  He  published  a 
Review  of  the  Funding  System  in  1794, 
and  a  History  of  the  Insurrection  of  the 
Four  Western  Counties  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  1796.  He  died  at  Unity  Town 
ship,  Greensburg,  April  5,  1821,  aged 
upwards  of  seventy. 

Fine,  John. — Born  in  New  York, 
August  26,  1784;  graduated  at  Colum 
bia  College,  New  York,  in  1809;  stu 
died  law,  and  settled  in  St.  Lawrence 
County,  New  York ;  was  a  Judge  in 
that  county  for  eighteen  years ;  was 
County  Treasurer  from  1821  to  1833; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1839  to  1841.  He  published  a  volume 
of  law  lectures. 

Fish,  Hamilton. — He  was  born  in 
New  York  City  in  1809 ;  graduated  at 
Columbia  College ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830 ;  in  1837 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1845 ;  Governor  of  New  York 
in  1849 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1851  to  1856.  Of  late  years  he  has 
been  travelling  in  Europe. 


Fisher.  Charles. — Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  October  20, 
1789.  He  received  an  academical  edu 
cation,  and  studied  law,  but  did  not 
practise  to  any  extent.  He  commenced 
public  life  by  going  into  the  State  Se 
nate  in  1818,  and  in  1819  was  elected  to 
Congress,  where  he  served  during  his 
term.  In  1821  he  was  elected  again  to 
the  State  Legislature,  when  he  served 
almost  continuously  until  1836.  He 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  to 
amend  the  State  Constitution  in  1835; 
and,  from  1839  to  1841,  was  again  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress.  He  died  at 
Hillsborough,  Scott  County,  Mississippi, 
May  7, 1849,  while  returning  home  from 
an  extended  tour  in  the  Southwest. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


137 


Fisher,  David.— He  was  born  in 
Somerset  County,  Pennsylvania,  De 
cember  3,  1794;  received  an  English 
education,  chiefly  in  a  log  school-house; 
brought  up  to  clearing  land  and  farm 
ing  in  Ohio ;  he  has  done  something  also 
as  a  lay  preacher  ;  in  1842  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  ;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1847 
to  1849.  His  chair  in  the  House  of  Re- 
presentatives  was  next  to  that  of  the 
late  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  when  the 
great  statesman  fainted,  before  his  death, 
he  fell  into  the  arms  of  Mr.  Fisher.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  theological  work  on 
the  "  Divinity  of  Christ." 

Fishery  George.— Re  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1829  to  1830,  and  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly,  from  Tioga  Coun 
ty,  in  1835. 

Fisherf  George  JP.— Born  in  Mil- 
ford,  Kent  County,  Delaware,  October 
13,  1817;  graduated  at  Dickinson  Col 
lege,  Pennsylvania,  in  1838;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1841 ;  in  1840  he  was  clerk  of  the  Dela 
ware  Senate ;  in  1843  and  1844  he  was 
elected  to  the  Delaware  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  ;  in  1846  he  became  Secretary 
of  State  for  Delaware  ;  in  1849  he  went 
into  the  State  Department  at  "Washing 
ton  as  the  confidential  clerk  of  Secretary 
Clayton ;  in  1850  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Taylor  a  Commissioner  to 
settle  claims  against  Brazil,  which  office 
expired  in  1852 ;  from  1855  to  1860  he 
held  the  position  of  Attorney-General 
for  the  State  of  Delaware ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  For 
eign  Affairs.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  by  President  Lincoln  a  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Fisk,  James. — Born  about  the  year 
1762  ;  received  a  limited  education,  but 
studied  law,  and  from  his  superior  na 
tural  talents,  rose  to  eminence  in  his 
profession ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1805  to 
1809,  and  from  1811  to  1815,  when  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Yermont.  He  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  during  the  years 
1817  and  1818,  and  resigned.  In  1812 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Madison 
Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Indiana,  and 


in  1817,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Al- 
burg,  which  office  he  held  eight  years. 
He  died  December  1,  1844. 

Fisk,  Jonathan. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1809  to  1811,  and  again  from 
1813  to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York. 

Fitch ,  Asa. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

Fitch,  G.  N.— Born  in  Le  Roy, 
Genesee  County,  New  York,  in  Decem 
ber,  1810.  He  received  his  education  at 
Middlebury  and  Geneva,  but  did  not 
graduate  ;  he  studied  medicine,  and  was 
a  Medical  Professor  in  the  Rush  Medi 
cal  College  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  from 
1844  to  1849.  In  1844,  1848,  and  1856, 
he  was  chosen  a  Presidential  Elector, 
and  in  1836  and  1839  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to 
1853,  and  in  1857  was  chosen  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  "Post-offices 
and  Post-roads,  and  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Fitzgerald,    Thomas     H.  —  He 

was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  served  in 
the  war  of  1812,  under  General  W.  H. 
Harrison  ;  and  in  1848  and  1849,  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Michigan, 
under  the  appointment  of  the  Governor. 
Died  at  Niles,  Michigan,  March  25, 
1855. 

Fitzgerald,    William.— He    was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department.  He  was 
also  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Ten- 


FitzpatricJf,     Benjamin.  —  He 

was  born  in  Greene  County,  Georgia, 
June  30,  1802;  having  been  left  an 
orphan  when  quite  young,  he  emigrated 
with  an  elder  brother,  in  1815,  to  the 
valley  of  the  Alabama  River,  near 
Montgomery,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.  He  received  as  good  an  edu 
cation  as  new  countries  generally  afford  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 


10 


138 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tice  in  1821 ;  was  shortly  afterwards 
elected  Solicitor  of  the  Judicial  District 
in  which  he  lived  ;  was  again  elected  to 
the  same  office  in  1825,  and  held  it 
until  1829 ;  after  which  his  health  com 
pelled  him  to  relinquish  his  profession, 
and  settle  upon  a  farm.  He  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1840;  in  1841  was 
elected  Governor  of  Alabama ;  in  1843 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  ;  in 
1852  he  was  appointed  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  to  succeed  Honorable  W.  R. 
King,  which  appointment  was  confirmed 
by  the  Legislature  of  his  State,  and  at 
the  conclusion  of  that  term,  he  was 
elected,  in  1855,  to  the  same  position, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1861 ;  retired 
from  the  Senate  in  February,  1861,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Kebellion  of 
that  year.  For  several  sessions  he 
served  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate. 

FUzsimmons,  Thomas. — He  was 

a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1782  to  1783  ; 
a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1789  to  1795;  and  died  in 
August,  1811,  aged  seventy  years. 

Flagler,    Thomas    T. — He    was 

born  in  New  York,  served  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1842  and  1843, 
and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress 
from  1853  to  1857. 

Flanders,  Benjamin  F. — Born 
in  Bristol,  New  Hampshire,  January  26, 
1816 ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1842  ;  studied  law  and  settled  in  New 
Orleans  ;  taught  school  in  that  city  for 
a  time,  and  became  the  editor  of  the 
Tropic  newspaper  ;  served  as  a  member 
of  the  city  government;  was  superin 
tendent  of  a  public  school,  and  also  of  a 
railroad  company ;  and  towards  the 
close  of  the  year  1862,  he  was  elected, 
under  a  new  order  of  things,  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Louisiana,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  taking  his  seat  within 
a  fortnight  of  its  final  adjournment. 

Fletcher.  Isaac. — He  was  formerly 
a  member  01  the  Vermont  Legislature, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  at 
Lyndon,  Vermont,  October  19,  1842. 

Fletcher.  Richard.— He  was  born 
in  Cavendish,  Vermont,  January  8, 
1788;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 


in  1806 ;  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  from  1848  to  1853 ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1837  to  1839. 

Fletcher ,    Thomas. —  He    was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1816  to  1817. 

Florence.  Ellas. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  having  taken  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Florence,  Tliomas  IB. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  January 
26,  1812.  He  had  not  the  benefit  of  a 
college  education  ;  for  a  time  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  occupation  of  a  hatter ; 
he  published  and  edited,  for  several 
years,  a  Democratic  newspaper ;  was 
for  nine  years  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Controllers  of  Public  Schools  in  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  was  elected  to  Congress 
in  1850,  where  he  served  continuously 
until  1859,  acting  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Naval  Affairs  and  In 
valid  Pensions.  He  was  also  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  ;  and  while 
occupying  his  seat  as  a  Representative, 
established  in  Washington  the  National 
Democratic  Review. 

Flournoy,  Thomas  S. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849.  He  participated  in  the 
great  Rebellion,  and  was  killed  in  battle 
in  Virginia  in  June,  1864. 

Floyd,  Charles  A. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  served  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State  in  1836  and  1838,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Floyd,  John. — Born  in  Virginia, 
October  3,  1769.  In  consequence  of 
the  pecuniary  losses  of  his  father,  he 
learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter,  and  in 
1791  removed  to  Georgia,  and  acquired 
wealth  from  the  manufacture  of  boats. 
He  served  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  a  Representative  of  Georgia,  in 
Congress,  from  1827  to  1829.  He  was 
Brigadier-General  of  militia,  and  sub 
sequently  Major-General,  and  served 
during  the  war  of  1812.  He  died  in 
Camden  County,  Georgia,  June  24, 
1839. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


139 


Floyd,  John.— He  was  born  in 
Jefferson  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1817  to  1829  ;  served  many 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State, 
and  was  Governor  of  Virginia  from 
1829  to  1834.  He  died  at  the  Sweet 
Springs,  in  that  State,  August  16,  1837. 

Floyd.  John  G. — He  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  served  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  the  same,  from  1839 
to  1843,  and  from  1851  to  1853. 

Floyd,  William.— Re  was  born  in 

Suffolk  County,  New  York,  December 
17,  1734;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  from  1774  to  1783, 
and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Indepen 
dence  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1789  to 
1791 ;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1800  and 
1804;  and,  for  three  years,  a  member 
of  the  New  York  State  Senate ;  in  1801 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention.  He  died  in  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  August  4,  1821, 
aged  eighty-seven  years. 

Foley,  James  J5. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  having  taken  up  his 
residence  in  Indiana,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
'  State,  in  1857,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Post-office  Department. 

Folger,  Walter.— Re  was  born  at 
Nantucket,  Massachusetts  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  from 
1809  to  1815,  and  also  in  1822 ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Foot,  Solomon. — Born  in  Corn 
wall,  Addison  County,  Vermont,  No 
vember  19,  1802  ;  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  Vermont,  during  the  years  1833, 
1836,  1837,  1838,  and  1847 ;  Speaker  of 
the  House  in  1837,  1838,  and  1847; 
member  of  the  Convention  for  altering 
the  State  Constitution  in  1836  ;  State's 
Attorney  for  Rutland,  from  1836  to 
1842 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1847  ;  and  was  appointed 
United  States  Senator,  in  1850,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committees 


on  Foreign  Relations  and  the  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1863,  and  ending 
in  1869.  During  a  part  of  the  Thirty- 
sixth,  and  the  whole  of  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  he  was  President 
pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  He  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1864. 

Foote,  Charles  A. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1823 
to  1825.  Died  August  1,  1828. 

Foote,  Henry  S. — He  was  born  in 

Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  September 
20,  1800,  and  was  educated  at  Washing 
ton  College,  in  that  State  ;  studied  law, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  in 
Alabama  in  1824;  in  1826  he  removed 
to  Mississippi,  and  there  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  ;  was  elected, 
in  1847,  a  Senator  in  Congress,  where 
he  remained  until  1852,  officiating  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations  ;  and  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Mississippi  in  1852.  He  subsequently 
spent  a  few  years  in  California.  In 
1859  he  was  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Convention  held  at  Knoxville,  Tennes 
see,  and  during  his  life  has  fought  three 
duels.  He  identified  himself  with  the 
Great  Rebellion,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Confederate  Congress. 

Foote,  Samuel  A. — Born  in  Che 
shire,  Connecticut,  November  8,  1780; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1797,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  his 
native  town.  He  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  in  1819, 1823,  and 
1833 ;  was  Speaker  of  the  Connecticut 
House  of  Representatives  in  1825  and 
1826 ;  and  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1827  to  1833.  In  1834  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State.  He  died  Sep 
tember  16, 1846.  He  it  was  who  offered, 
on  the  floor  of  Congress,  the  famous 
resolutions,  upon  which  was  founded 
the  great  debate  between  Hayne  and 
Webster. 

Ford,  James.  —  He  served  two 
years  in  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1833. 
His  life  was  honorably  interwoven  with 


140 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  history  of  his  State,  and  he  died  at 
Lawrenceville,  Pennsylvania,  August, 
1859,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Ford?  William  J>. — He  was  born 
in  Providence,  Khode  Island;  served 
in  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1816  and 
1817  ;  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1819  to 
1821. 

Fornance,  Joseph.— He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Forney,  Daniel  M. — Born  in  Lin 
coln  County,  North  Carolina,  May, 
1784.  During  the  late  war  with  Eng 
land,  he  served  as  a  Major  in  the  State 
line,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1815  to  1818,  and  in  1820 
was  appointed  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Creek  Indians.  From  1823  to 
1826  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature.  In  1834  he  removed  to 
Lowndes  County,  Alabama,  where  he 
died  in  October,  1847. 

Forney,  Peter. — Born  in  Lincoln 
County,  North  Carolina,  April,  1756. 
He  was  a  patriot  and  soldier  of  the  Re 
volution.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  for  several  years, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1815.  He  served  as  an 
Elector  during  the  Presidential  cam 
paigns  of  Jefferson,  Madison,  Monroe, 
and  Jackson.  Died  February  1,  1834. 

Forrest,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1822  to  1823.  Died  March  20,  1825. 
He  was  elected  to  Congress  by  one  vote. 

Forrest,  Uriah. — He  was  a  Gene 
ral  in  the  Revolutionary  war ;  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Germantown, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  never  re 
covered  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  during  the  years 
1793  and  1794  ;  and  died  at  his  seat  near 
Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  in 
1805. 

Forrester,  J.  2Z. — He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 


mittee  on  Claims.  Died  August  31, 
1845. 

Forsyth,  John. — He  was  born  in 

Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  October,  2, 
1780  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1799;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  after 
wards  to  Augusta,  Georgia.  He  stu 
died  law,  and  from  1802  to  1808  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  Georgia  bar ; 
and  in  1808  was  Attorney-General  of 
the  State ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1813  to 

1818,  and  from  1823  to  1827;  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  during  the  years  1818  and 

1819,  and  from  1829  to  1837;  Governor 
of  Georgia  in  1827,  1828.  and  1829;  Mi 
nister  to  Spain  from  1819  to  1822 ;  and 
was  Secretary  of  State  under  President 
Jackson  ;  in  which  position  he  was  con 
tinued  by  President  Van  Buren,  until 
the  end  of  his  administration.     His  su- 

:now- 

.  «     .  ^      .  .    Jance  of 

his  manners  added  much  to  his  popular 
ity.  He  died  in  Washington  City,  of 
bilious  fever,  October  21,  1841. 


perior  abilities  were  universally  acki 
ledged,  and  the  dignity  and  elegan< 


Fort,  Tomlinson. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1827  to  1829. 

Forward,  Chauncey. — He  was  a 

native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State 
from  1825  to  1831. 

Forward,  Walter. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut  in  1786,  where  he  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education .  He  removed 
to  Pittsburg  in  1803,  and  studied  law. 
In  1805  he  became  editor  of  the  Demo 
cratic  paper  called  the  Tree  of  Liberty  ; 
from  1806  to  1822  he  was  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law,  and,  as  a  pleader, 
had  few  equals.  In  1822  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  as  a  Representative,  where 
he  continued  till  March,  1825.  In  1837 
he  bore  a  prominent  part  in  the  Penn 
sylvania  Convention  to  reform  the  State 
Constitution.  In  March,  1841,  Presi 
dent  Harrison  named  him  First  Comp 
troller  of  the  Treasury,  which  post  he 
held  until  he  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Tyler  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
On  retiring  from  Mr.  Tyler's  cabinet, 
he  resumed  and  continued  his  practice  at 
the  bar,  until  appointed  by  President 
Taylor  Charge"  d'Affaires  to  Denmark, 
where  he  spent  several  years,  resigning 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


141 


his  situation  to  return  home  in  order  to 
accept  the  office  of  President  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  Alleghany  County, 
to  which  he  had  been  called  by  popular 
election.  While  in  court,  employed  in 
his  judicial  duties,  he  was  suddenly 
taken  ill,  and  died  in  forty-eight  hours, 
at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  November 
24,  1852. 


Fosdiek,  Nicoll.  —  Vorn  in  New 

London,  Connecticut,  November  9, 
1785,  of  direct  Puritan  stock  ;  in  1809 
removed  to  Herkimer  County,  New 
York  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1816  ;  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  York  in  1818,  again  in  1819,  and 
declined  a  re-election  ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  from  New  York  in  the  Nineteenth 
Congress  ;  returned  to  his  native  place 
in  1843,  and  from  1849  to  1853  was  Col 
lector  of  Customs  for  the  District  of 
New  London. 

Foster,  Abiel.  —  Born  in  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  August  8,  1735  ;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1756  ; 
studied  theology  and  was  a  pastor  for 
eighteen  years  over  the  Congregational 
Church  in  Canterbury,  New  Hampshire; 
and  in  1780  was  a  Representative  to  the 
General  Court  ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  from  1783  to  1785;  and  was  pre 
sent  at  Washington's  resignation  of  the 
command  of  the  army  at  Annapolis  ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Legis 
lature,  and  a  Delegate  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  from  1793  to  1794,  and  in  both 
years  was  President  of  that  body  ;  and 
was  re-elected  to  Congress,  from  1795 
to  1803.  He  died  at  Canterbury,  Feb 
ruary  6,  1806. 

Foster.  A.  Laivrence.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Foster,  Dwight.  —  He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts  in  1  757,  and  died  at  Brook- 
field,  in  that  State,  in  April,  1823.  He 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1774  ; 
studied  and  practised  law  ;  was  County 
Sheriff,  and  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1793  to  1799;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 


gress,  from  1800  to  1803,  when  he  re 
signed. 

Foster,  Ephraim  H.  —  He  en 
tered  public  life  when  quite  young,  and 
in  1829  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  of  Tennessee.  In  1837  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
but  in  1839  resigned  his  seat  because  he 
could  not  obey  the  instructions  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  in  1843  he  was 
re-elected  for  two  years.  On  his  re 
turn  from  Washington  he  was  a  candi 
date  for  Governor,  but  failed  of  an  elec 
tion.  He  died  at  Nashville,  September 
4,  1854. 

Foster,  Henry  A. — He  was  born 

in  New  York ;  served  in  the  Senate  of 
that  State  from  1831  to  1834,  and  from 
1841  to  1844;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1839  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1844  and  1845. 

Foster,  Henry  D. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Foster,  Lafayette  S.  —  Born  in 

Franklin,  New  London  County,  Con 
necticut,  November  22,  1806,  and  is  a 
direct  descendant  of  Miles  Standish. 
He  graduated  at  Brown  University;  is 
a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Connecticut 
in  1839,  1840,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1854; 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  1847,  1848, 
1854 ;  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  for  two  years,  and  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  March  4, 
1855,  for  six  years,  and  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Public 
Lands,  Pensions,  and  the  Judiciary.  In 
1860  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for 
a  second  term  of  six  years.  During  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress  he  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Pensions. 

Foster,  Nathaniel   G. — Born  at 

"The  Fork,"  in  Greene  County,  Geor 
gia,  August  25,  1809 ;  graduated  at 
Franklin  College  in  1839;  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831, 
and  settled  in  Madison,  Georgia,  where 
he  obtained  a  high  reputation  as  an  ad 
vocate  and  jury  lawyer.  He  served 
three  years  as  Solicitor-General  of  Oc- 
mulgee  Circuit,  five  years  in  the  State 
Senate,  and  one  year  in  the  House,  and 


142 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Foster,  Stephen  C.  —  Born  in 
Machias,  Maine,  December  24,  1799; 
commenced  life  as  a  blacksmith,  but  for 
the  last  twenty-five  years  has  been  a 
lumber  merchant  and  ship-builder  ; 
was  in  the  Maine  Legislature  from  1834 
to  1837,  again  in  1840,  when  he  was 
President  of  the  Senate,  and  again  in 
1847;  was  elected  to  Congress,  from 
Maine,  in  1856,  serving  through  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures.  He 
is  now  President  of  the  Washington 
Agricultural  Society  of  his  native  State. 
He  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  and  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Foster,  TJieodore. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1790  to  1803,  and  died  in  1828. 

Foster,  Thomas  F.  —  Born  in 
Greensborough,  Georgia,  November  23, 
1790.  He  graduated  at  Franklin  Col 
lege  in  1812  ;  read  law  at  home,  and  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1816.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Georgia 
Legislature ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1829  to  1835,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  in  1847. 

Fouke,  Philip  B.— Born  in  Kas- 

kaskia,  Illinois,  January  23,  1818 ;  was 
chiefly  self-educated  ;  was  first  a  clerk, 
and  then  a  civil  engineer  ;  in  1841  he 
established  a  paper  called  the  Belleville 
Advocate,  which  he  printed  and  edited 
for  four  years  ;  he  then  studied  law,  and 
after  being  admitted  to  practice,  he  was 
elected  in  1846  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  his  District  and  re-elected ;  in  1851 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Legislature  ;  in  1856  he  was  again  elect 
ed  Prosecuting  Attorney  ;  and  in  1858 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Illi 
nois,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  but  served  as  a  Colo 
nel  of  volunteers  in  1861,  resigning  his 
commission  in  1862. 

Fowler,  John. — He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution ;  attained 
the  rank  of  Captain  ;  and  was  a  member 


of  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1797 
to  1807.  He  died  at  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky,  August  22,  1840,  aged  eighty- 
five  years. 

Fowler,  Or  in. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut  in  1795  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1815 ;  studied  divinity,  but 
turned  his  attention  to  politics ;  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  Massachusetts 
in  1848 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1849  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  "Washington 
City,  September  3,  1852.  He  was  at  one 
time  settled  over  a  church  in  Plainfield, 
Connecticut. 

Fowler,  Samuel. — Born  in  New 
Jersey  in  1779 ;  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  medical  profession  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  in 
Sussex  County,  New  Jersey,  February 
21,  1844. 

Franchot,  Richard. — Was  born 
in  Morris,  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
in  1816 ;  received  an  English  education  ; 
served  as  a  civil  engineer  for  seven 
years;  subsequently  turned  his  attention 
to  farming ;  was  President  of  the  Al 
bany  and  Susquehanna  Railroad  Com 
pany  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Francis,  John  J3. — He  was  born 
in  Rhode  Island,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1844  to 
1845,  having  been  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  from  1833  to  1838.  Died  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  August  9, 
1864. 

Frank,  Augustus. — He  was  born 
in  Warsaw,  Wyoming  County,  New 
York,  July  17,  1826  ;  early  became 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  to  which 
he  was  devoted  for  many  years.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents ;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Library  and 
on  Mileage ;  and  for  a  third  term,  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  when  he  was  made  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Library,  serving 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


143 


also  on  the  Committee  on  Mileage,  and 
the  Select  Committee  on  the  Bankrupt 
Law. 

Franklin,  Jesse. — He  was  born  in 

Surry  County,  North  Carolina  ;  served 
with  credit  in  the  Eevolutionary  war, 
as  a  Major ;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  that  State  in 
1794;  represented  that  State  in  Con 
gress,  from  1795  to  1797,  and  then  re 
turned  to  the  Legislature.  From  1799 
to  1805,  and  from  1807  to  1813,  he  was 
United  States  Senator,  officiating  in 
the  Eighth  Congress  as  President  pro 
iem.  of  the  Senate.  In  1816  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  a  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Chickasaws, 
and  was  elected  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  in  1820.  He  died  in  Surry 
County,  in  1823,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Franklin 9  John  A.— He  was  born 
in  Worcester  County,  Maryland,  May 
6,  1820  ;  graduated  at  Jefferson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1836 ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841  ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  of  Mary 
land  in  1843,  and  also  in  1849,  when  he 
was  elected  Speaker  ;  in  1851  he  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  of  the  State,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Franklin,  Meshack. — A  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1807  to  1815.  He  served  in 
the  House  of  Commons  of  that  State  in 
1800,  and  in  the  State  Senate  in  1828 
and  1829.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention 
for  revising  the  State  Constitution. 
He  died  in  Surry  County,  December  18, 
1839. 

Freedley,  John. — He  was  born 
(according  to  an  interesting  work  pub 
lished  by  E.  T.  Freedley,  Esq.),  in  Nor- 
ristown,  Montgomery  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  May  22,  1793.  He  com 
menced  life  as  a  brickmaker  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1820 ;  he  entered  extensively  into  va 
rious  kinds  of  business,  especially  that 
of  quarrying  marble,  and  was  success 
ful  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1847  to 
1851.  He  died  December  8,  1851. 


Freeman 9  John  D. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and,  having  removed  to 
Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Freeman,  Jonathan. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1797  to  1801.  From 
1789  to  1797  he  was  a  State  Councillor ; 
from  1793  to  1808  one  of  the  Overseers 
of  Dartmouth  College  ;  and  died  in 
1808,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Freeman,  Nathaniel.  —  He  was 

born  at  Dennis,  Massachusetts,  in  April, 
1741,  and  died  September  27,  1820.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  University;  stu 
died  medicine ;  and  was  a  patriot  in  the 
Revolutionary  war  ;  performed  various 
services  in  the  Legislature  and  as  a 
Brigadier-General  of  militia  ;  he  was 
also  a  Judge  of  Probate  for  forty-seven 
years,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  for  thirty  years ;  he  was  twice 
married,  and  had  twenty  children  ;  and 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1795  to  1799. 

Frelin gJiuysen,    Frederick.  — 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  April  13,  1753  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1770. 
When  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  was 
sent  to  the  Continental  Congress ;  and 
as  Captain  of  a  volunteer  corps  of  ar 
tillery,  he  was  at  the  battles  of  Tren 
ton  and  Monmouth,  and  it  is  said  that 
it  was  he  who  killed  Rhalle,  the  Hes 
sian  commander  at  Trenton.  He  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1793  to 
1796,  when  he  resigned  on  account 
of  domestic  bereavements.  He  stood 
among  the  first  at  the  bar  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  held  various  State  and  County 
offices.  He  died  April  13,  1804. 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore. — He 

was  born  in  Millstown,  Somerset  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  March  28,  1787  ;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College,  Nassau  Hall, 
in  1804 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1808  ;  was  Attorney-Ge 
neral  of  New  Jersey,  from  1818  to  1829  ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1829  to  1835.  Mr.  Fre- 
linghuysen  was  Chancellor  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  New  York,  from  1839  to  1850, 
and  while  in  that  position  was  the  can 
didate  of  the  Whig  party  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent  upon  the  ticket  with  Henry  Clay. 


144 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


In  1850  he  was  elected  President  of  Rut 
gers  College,  where  he  officiated  until 
his  death,  devoting  much  of  his  time  and 
means  to  the  benevolent  and  educational 
interests  of  his  native  State  and  of  the 
Union.  He  resided  for  some  years  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  was  Mayor  of 
that  city  in  1837  and  1838.  He  also  served 
as  President  of  the  American  Tempe 
rance  Union,  of  the  American  Tract 
Society,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions, 
and  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  In 
the  church,  he  was  for  many  years 
recognized  as  the  great  leader  in  all  the 
moral  movements  of  the  country,  and 
was  universally  beloved.  Died  at  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  April  12,  1862. 

Fremont,  John  Charles. — Born 
in  Savannah,  Georgia,  January  21, 
1813.  His  father  was  an  emigrant  from 
France.  He  received  a  good  education, 
though  left  an  orphan  at  four  years  of 
age ;  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
graduated  at  Charleston  College.  From 
teaching  mathematics  he  turned  his 
attention  to  civil  engineering,  and  was 
recommended  to  the  Government  for 
employment  in  the  Mississippi  survey. 
He  was  afterwards  employed  at  Wash 
ington  in  constructing  maps  of-  that 
region.  Having  received  the  commis 
sion  of  a  Lieutenant  of  engineers,  he 
proposed  to  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
penetrate  the  Rocky  Mountains.  His 
plan  was  approved,  and  in  1842,  with  a 
few  men,  he  explored  the  South  Pass. 
Impatient  of  quiet,  he  planned  a  new 
expedition  to 'the  Territory  of  Oregon. 
He  approached  the  Rocky  Mountains 
by  a  new  line,  scaled  the  summits  south 
of  the  South  Pass,  deflected  to  the  Great 
Salt  Lake,  and  connected  his  survey 
with  that  of  Wilkes's  Exploring  Expedi 
tion.  He  also  performed  another  ex 
pedition,  in  which  he  revealed  the  grand 
features  of  Alta  California,  its  great 
basin,  the  Sierra  Nevada,  the  valleys 
of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento, 
and  established  the  geography  of  the 
western  portion  of  the  continent.  In 
August,  1844,  he  was  planning  a  third 
expedition,  while  writing  the  history  of 
the  second,  and  before  its  publication, 
in  1845,  was  again  on  his  way  to  the 
Pacific,  collecting  his  mountain  com 
rades,  to  examine  in  detail  the  Asiatic 
slope  of  the  continent,  which  resulted 
in  giving  a  new  volume  of  science  to 
the  world,  and  California  to  the  United 
States.  After  the  conquest  of  Califor 


nia,  in  which  he  bore  a  part,  he  was  the 
victim  of  a  quarrel  between  two  Ame 
rican  commanders,  and  stripped  of  his 
commission  by  court-martial.  The  Pre 
sident  reinstated  him,  but  he  declined 
returning.  He  determined  to  retrieve 
his  honor.  One  line  more  would  com 
plete  his  survey,  the  route  for  a  great 
road  from  the  Mississippi  to  San  Fran 
cisco.  Again  he  appeared  in  the  far 
West.  He  refitted  his  expedition,  and 
started  again ;  pierced  the  country  of 
the  Apaches ;  met,  awed,  or  defeated 
savage  tribes  ;  and,  in  a  hundred  days 
from  Santa  Fe",  stood  on  the  banks  of 
the  Sacramento.  The  people  of  Cali 
fornia  reversed  the  judgment  of  the 
court-martial,  and  he  was  made  .the 
first  Senator  of  the  Golden  State,  in 
1850  and  1851.  He  was  subsequently  a 
candidate  for  President  in  opposition  to 
Mr.  Buchanan,  and,  though  he  received 
a  large  vote,  was  defeated.  In  1861  he 
served  in  the  Union  army  as  a  Major- 
General  ;  and  by  the  Cleveland  Con 
vention  of  1864  was  again  nominated 
for  the  office  of  President  of  the  United 
States. 

French,  Ezra  B. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Maine,  in  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861.  By  President  Lincoln 
he  was  appointed  Second  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury. 

French,  Richard. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1837,  from  1843  to  1845,  and 
again  from  1847  to  1849. 

Frey,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831. 

Frick,  Henry. — Born  in  North 
umberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1796;  was  educated  as  a  printer;  be 
came  an  editor  of  a  newspaper ;  served 
for  three  sessions  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Washington  City,  March 
1,  1844. 

Fries,  George. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and,  having  removed  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


145 


Ohio;  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847,  and  for  a  second  term  ending  in 
1849. 

Fromentin,  Eligius. — A  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  Louisiana, 
from  1813  to  1819.  In  1821  he  was 
Judge  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  New 
Orleans,  and  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Western  District  of  Florida.  He 
shortly  resigned  his  office  and  returned 
to  the  practice  of  law,  at  New  Orleans, 
where  he  died,  of  the  yellow  fever,  Oc 
tober  6,  1822. 

Frost,  Joel. — He  was  born  in  New 
York  ;  served  in  the  State  Assembly, 
in  1806  and  1808,  and  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

Fry,  Jacob,  Jr. — He  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  elected  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

Fuller,  George. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Fuller,  Henry  M. — He  was  born 
in  Bethany,  Wayne  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  January  3,  1820;  graduated  at 
Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  in  1839  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1842 ;  in  1848  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  of  Pennsylvania  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1851  to  1853,  and  from  1855 
to  1857.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  Decem 
ber  26,  1860. 

Fuller,  Philo  C. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1830 ; 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
rk,  from  1833  to  1837;  the  Second 


Yorl 


Postmaster-General,  from  1841  to  1843  ; 
and  died  at  Geneva,  August  16,  1855. 

Fuller,  Thomas  J.  I). — He  was 

born  in  Hardwick,  Caledonia  County, 
Vermont,  March  17,  1808;  was  left  an 
orphan  when  seven  years  of  age  ;  spent 
his  boyhood  and  youth  upon  a  farm ; 
on  attaining  manhood,  studied  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  having 
been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833  ;  and, 
removing  to  Maine,  was  elected  State's 
Attorney  for  his  county  for  three  years  ; 


was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Maine,  to  the  Thirty-first,  Thirty- 
second,  Thirty-third,  and  Thirty-fourth 
Congresses,  serving  as  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
In  1857  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Second  Auditor  of  the  Trea 
sury,  which  office  he  held  until  1861. 

Fuller,  Timothy. — He  was  born 
at  Chilmark,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July  11,  1778,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1801 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Se 
nate  from  1813  to  1817  ;  Speaker  of  the 
Lower  House  in  1825;  again  a  State 
Representative  in  1831 ;  a  State  Coun 
cillor  in  1831 ;  and  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1817  to  1825;  and  died  at  Groton, 
Massachusetts,  October  1,  1835,  aged 
fifty-seven  years. 

Fuller,   William  K. — He  was   a 

member  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York 
in  1829  and  1830  ;  at  one  time  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State  Militia  ;  and  from 
1833  to  1837  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress. 

Fullerton,  David.— Born  in  1771 ; 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  ;  and 
represented  that  State  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1820.  He  died  at  Greencastle, 
Pennsylvania,  February  1,  1843. 

Fullton,  Andrew  S. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Fulton,  John  H. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  at  Abing- 
don,  January  28,  1836. 

» 

Fulton,  William  S. — He  was  born 
in  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  June  2, 
1795 ;  graduated  at  Baltimore  College 
in  1813,  and  commenced  the  study  of 
law  with  William  Pinckney ;  but  be 
fore  coming  of  age,  he  served  with  great 
credit  in  a  volunteer  company,  which 
was  assigned  to  the  defence  of  Fort  Mc- 
Henry.  He  was  aid  to  Colonel  Armi- 
sted,  taking  charge  of  the  company 
during  the  illness  of  that  commander, 
and  returned  with  them  to  the  city  of 
Baltimore.  After  peace  was  restored 
in  1815,  he  removed  to  Tennessee  with 


146 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


his  father's  family,  and  resumed  the 
study  of  law  with  Felix  Grundy.  In 
1818  he  volunteered  with  the  Nashville 
Guards,  and  was  private  secretary  to 
General  Jackson  during  the  Florida 
campaign.  He  settled  in  Alabama  for 
the  practice  of  law,  and  was  appointed 
by  President  Jackson,  in  1829,  Secre 
tary  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  and, 
in  1835,  Governor  of  the  same,  which 
office  he  held  until  the  Territory  was 
admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Senator,  from 
Arkansas,  from  1836  to  1844.  He  died 
at  Eosewood,  near  Little  Kock,  Arkan 
sas,  August  15,  1844. 

Gage,  Joshua. — He  was  a  Eepre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1817  to  1819,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from  1805  to 
1808,  in  1813, 1814,  1820,  and  1821 ;  and 
was  a  State  Councillor  in  1822  and  1823. 

Gaillard,  John. — A  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1804  to  1826.  He  voted  for  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  repeatedly  called 
to  preside  over  the  Senate,  in  the  ab 
sence  of  the  Vice-President.  He  died 
at  Washington,  February  26,  1826. 

Gaines,  John  JP. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849  ;  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
Governor  of  Oregon  Territory. 

Gaither,  Nathan. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829 
to  1833.  Died  at  Columbia,  Adair 
County,  Kentucky,  in  1862,  aged  se 
venty-seven  years. 

Galbraith,  John.—He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Eepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839 
to  1841.  Died  at  Erie,  June  15,  1860, 
while  holding  the  office  of  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Gale,  George. — He  was  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1789  to  1791. 

Gale,  Levin. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1827  to 
1829. 


Gallatin,  Albert.— Born  at  Ge 
neva,  January  29,  1761 ;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  his  native  city,  in 
1779,  and  during  the  next  year  emi 
grated  to  America.  He  commenced  his 
career  in  Maine,  then  a  part  of  Massa 
chusetts,  having  been  placed  in  com 
mand  of  a  small  fort  at  Machias,  and 
while  there  he  furnished  funds  of  his 
own  to  American  troops,  and  acted  as  a 
volunteer  also.  He  was  appointed  a 
tutor  at  Harvard  University  in  1782, 
and  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in  1783, 
where  he  acted  a  prominent  part  in  the 
State  Convention  of  1789,  and  served  in 
the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature  in 
1790  and  1791.  He  also  spent  several 
years  in  Virginia,  and  in  that  State 
took  the  oath  of  allegiance.  •  In  1793 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  but  his  seat  was 
vacated,  in  1794,  by  a  resolution  of  the 
Senate,  on  the  ground  of  want  of  citi 
zenship  for  a  sufficient  length  of  time  ; 
and  soon  after,  without  his  knowledge, 
he  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  serving  from 
1795  to  1801.  He  was,  in  the  latter 
year,  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Trea 
sury,  under  President  Jefferson,  and, 
as  an  executive  councillor,  and  subse 
quently  diplomatist  and  statesman,  he 
obtained  a  very  high  reputation.  In 
1813  he  went  to  St.  Petersburg  as  one 
of  the  Envoys  Extraordinary,  to  nego 
tiate  with  Great  Britain,  under  the  me 
diation  of  Eussia,  and,  during  the  fol 
lowing  year,  with  Adams,  Bayard, 
Clay,  and  Eussell,  signed  the  Treaty  of 
Ghent.  He  assisted  also  in  concluding 
the  Commercial  Convention  with  Eng 
land,  at  London,  in  1815,  and  resided 
at  Paris,  as  Minister  of  the  United 
States,  from  1816  to  1823.  In  1827  he 
obtained  full  indemnification  from  Eng 
land,  for  injuries  sustained  by  our  citi 
zens  for  violating  the  Treaty  of  Ghent. 
President  Madison  offered  him  a  seat  in 
his  cabinet,  as  Secretary  of  State  ;  Pre 
sident  Monroe  offered  him  the  post  of 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  he  was  also 
nominated  for  Vice-President,  all  which 
honors  he  declined.  In  1828  he  became 
a  citizen  of  New  York,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  promoting  the  literary 
and  commercial  interests  of  the  Empire 
City,  and  of  the  Union  at  large.  In 
1831  he  was  a  member  of  the  Free 
Trade  Convention,  and  drew  up  the 
memorial  to  Congress,  which  embodies 
the  views  of  the  Democratic  party ;  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


147 


was  President  of  the  National  Bank  of 
New  York,  and  also  of  the  New  York 
Historical  Society,  and  the  Ethnological 
Society,  and  advocated  the  establish 
ment  of  the  New  York  University  ; 
and,  just  before  his  death,  became  iden 
tified  with  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
He  was  a  fine  scholar,  and  published 
many  papers  on  the  currency  and 
finance,  on  Indian  languages,  and  other 
important  subjects.  He  died  at  Astoria, 
Long  Island,  August  12,  1849. 

Galleffos,  Jose  Mamiel. — He  was 

born  in  New  Mexico,  and  was  a  Dele 
gate,  from  that  Territory,  to  the  Thirty- 
third  and  Thirty-fourth  Congresses. 

Galloivay,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and,  having  removed 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Gallup,  Albert. — He  was  at  one 

time  Sheriff  of  Albany  County,  New 
York ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1837  to  1841,  and 
was  appointed  by  President  Polk  Col 
lector  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  at  Providence,  in  November, 
1851. 

Gamble^  James. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Gamble.  Roger  L. — Was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  from  1841  to  1843 ;  and  after 
wards  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
that  State.  He  died  December  20,  1847. 

Gannett,  Barzillai. — He  gradu 
ated   at  Harvard   University  in  1785 ; 
served  four  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
fress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1809  to 
811. 

Ganson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Le  Roy,  Genesee  County,  New  York, 
January  1,  1818;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1839  ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1862;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  of  Elections.  He  was  also 


a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1864. 

Gardenier,  Barent. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Gardner,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Leominster,  Massachusetts,  Decem 
ber  27, 1771 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  ;  was  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel  in 
New  Hampshire  for  half  a  century ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1807  to  1809 ;  and  died  at 
Roxbury,  Massachusetts,  June  25,  1835. 

Gardner ?  Gideon. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1809  to  1811. 

Garfield,  James  A. — He  was  born 
in  Orange,  Cuyahoga  County,  Ohio,  No 
vember  19, 1831 ;  graduated  at  Williams 
College,  Massachusetts,  in  1856,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  in  1859 
and  1860  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
Senate  ;  in  1861  he  entered  the  army  as 
Colonel  of  the  Forty-second  Regiment 
of  Volunteers  ;  was  appointed  a  Briga 
dier-General  in  1862,  the  day  that  he 
fought  in  the  battle  of  Middle  Creek, 
Kentucky.  He  subsequently  served  at 
Shiloh,  Corinth,  and  in  Alabama,  and 
early  in  1863  he  was  appointed  chief  of 
staff  to  General  Rosecrans,  with  whom 
he  served  up  to  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 
Before  taking  his  seat  in  Congress  he 
was  appointed  a  Major-General  of  vo 
lunteers  ' '  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
Georgia,  from  September  19,  1863." 

Garland,  David  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  in  Oc 
tober,  1841. 

Garland,  James. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Garland,  Rice. — He  was  born  in 

Virginia,  and,  having  taken  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Louisiana,  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1834  to  1840,  having  resigned  to  become 


148 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Loui 
siana. 

Garnett,  James  M.—  Born  at  Elm- 
wood,  in  Essex  County,  Virginia,  June 
8,  1770.  He  served  for  several  years  as 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his  na 
tive  State,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1805  to 
1809.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  assembled  at  Richmond  in  1829 
to  revise  the  Constitution  of  Virginia. 
He  was  interested  in  the  cause  of  edu 
cation,  and  devoted  to  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture,  having  presided  over  the 
Agricultural  Society  of  Fredericksburg 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  toiled 
laboriously  for  the  formation  of  a  Na 
tional  Agricultural  Society.  He  died  at 
Elmwood,  May,  1843,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

Garnett  ,  Muscoe  R.  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Essex  County,  Virginia  ;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  studied  law  as  a  profession  ;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  State  in  1850  ;  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  in  1853  and 
1854,  1855  and  1856,  and  during  the  lat 
ter  session  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Finance.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  as  a  Represen 
tative,  from  Virginia,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Claims,  and 
also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  Conventions  at  Baltimore  and 
Cincinnati,  in  1852  and  1856. 


Garnett,  l£o&er£  $.—  He  was  a  na 

tive  of  Essex  County,  Virginia,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1827. 

Garnsey,   Daniel   G.  —  He   was 

born  in  Saratoga  County,  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1825  to  1830. 

Garrison,  Daniel.  —  He  was  born 
in  Salem  County,  New  Jersey,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1823  to  1827. 

Garrow?  Nathaniel.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829. 

Gartlin  Alfred.  —  He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina;  graduated  tit  the  Uni 


versity  of  that  State  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Gartrell,  Lucius  J.  —  Born  in 
Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  January  7, 
1821 ;  educated  at  Randolph  Macon  Col 
lege,  Virginia,  and  Franklin  College, 
Athens,  Georgia ;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  and  in  1843  was  elected,  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  Georgia,  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  Northern  Judicial  Cir 
cuit.  He  resigned  in  1847,  on  being 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  re-elected  in  1849  ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  of 
Georgia  in  1856  ;  and  in  1857  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  was  one  of  the  Regents 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Treasury  Department ;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
Resigned  in  1861,  and  retired  to  Georgia. 

Garvin,   William,  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Gaston,  William.— Born  in  New- 

bern,  North  Carolina,  September  19, 
1778.  His  early  education  was  con 
ducted  by  his  mother ;  advanced  at  the 
Catholic  College  of  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  ;  and  he  graduated  at 
Princeton  College.  He  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1798. 
He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1813  to  1817. 
In  1834  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  in  1835  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Convention  to  amend 
£he  Constitution.  He  continued  on  the 
Bench  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  January  23,  1844.  He  was  an 
able  and  successful  lawyer,  and  an  up 
right  judge,  had'a  taste  for  polite  litera 
ture,  and  is  remembered  in  North  Caro 
lina  as  one  of  its  most  distinguished 
citizens.  He  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1808,  and  later  in  life  received  from 
Princeton  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Gates,  Seth  Merrill.  —  He  was 

born  in  Winfield,  Herkimer  County, 
New  York,  October  16,  1800;  was  self- 
educated  ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  1827;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1832,  declining  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


149 


re-election;  in  1838  lie  purchased  and 
became  editor  of  the  Le  Koy  Gazette ; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Twenty-seventh  Con 
gress.  In  his  paper  and  in  Congress  he 
advocated  the  right  of  petition ,  arid  on  ac- 
count  of  his  hostility  to  slavery  a  reward 
of  five  hundred  dollars  was  oifered  by  a 
Southern  planter  for  his  person.  At  the 
close  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress 
he  drew  up  a  protest  against  the  annex 
ation  of  Texas,  which  was  signed  by 
twenty-two  Representatives,  John  Quin- 
cy  Adams  heading  the  list  of  names. 
In  1848  he  was  the  Free-soil  candidate 
for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  York ; 
and  he  has  been  a  resident  of  the  "Old 
Grenesee"  District  for  fifty-eight  years. 

Gayarre,  Charles  E.  A. — Born 
in  Louisiana,  January  3,  1805;  educated 
at  the  College  of  New  Orleans  ;  in  1826 
he  went  to  Philadelphia  and  studied 
law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829, 
and  returned  home;  in  1830  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  in  1831  was 
appointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  ; 
in  1833  Presiding  Judge  of  the  City 
Court  of  New  Orleans  ;  and  in  1835  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  but 
ill  health  prevented  him  from  taking 
his  seat.  He  went  to  Europe,  where  he 
spent  a  number  of  years,  and  on  his  re 
turn,  in  1843,  was  again  returned  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  in  1846  he  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  State,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  seven  years.  As  an 
author,  he  has  acquired  a  high  position, 
his  leading  works  being  as  follows: 
"  History  of  Louisiana,"  "  Romance  of 
the  History  of  Louisiana,"  "  Spanish 
Domination  in  Louisiana,"  a  dramatic 
novel  called  "The  School  of  Politics," 
and  a  work  on  "The  Influence  of  the 
Mechanic  Arts." 

Gayle.  John.  —  Born  in  Sumter 
District,  South  Carolina,  September  11, 
1792 ;  educated  at  South  Carolina  Col 
lege  ;  and  emigrated  to  Alabama  in 
1813.  In  1817  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  ;  was 
Solicitor  of  the  First  Judicial  District 
on  the  organization  of  the  State  Govern 
ment;  and  in  1823  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  In 
1829  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House. 
In  1831  was  elected  Governor,  and  re- 
elected  in  1833.  He  was  Presidential 


Elector  in  1836  and  in  1840,  and  in  1847 
was  elected,  from  Mobile  County,  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  Alabama,  and 
died  near  Mobile,  July  21,  1859. 

Gaylord,  James  M. —  He    was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Gazley,  James  W. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Gebhard,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Claverack,  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1821  to  1823. 

Geddes,  James. — Born  near  Car 
lisle,  Pennsylvania,  July  22,  1763  ;  ob 
tained  a  limited  education  while  work 
ing  upon  a  farm ;  removing  to  New 
York,  he  organized,  in  1794,  a  company 
for  the  manufacture  of  salt  at  Onondaga ; 
in  1800  was  elected  a  magistrate ;  in 
1804  and  in  1821  he  was  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  in  1809  an  Associate 
County  Justice ;  in  1812  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1815. 
In  1822  he  was  appointed  Chief  Engi 
neer  of  the  Ohio  Canal ;  and  in  1827 
assisted  in  locating  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  Canal,  as  well  as  the  Pennsylvania 
Canal.  He  died  August  19,  1838. 

Gentry,  Meredith  P. — He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina ;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Tennessee ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1843,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  from  1847  to  1853. 

German.    Obadiah. — He  was    a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1809  to  1815,  and  died  September 
24,  1842. 

Gerry,  Elbridge. — Born  at  Mar- 
blehead,  Massachusetts,  July,  1744,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1762. 
He  devoted  himself  for  several  years  to 
commercial  pursuits  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1773,  and  was  ap 
pointed  on  the  Committee  of  Correspon 
dence.  From  1776  to  1785  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 


150 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Indepen 
dence  ;  while  in  that  body  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Public 
Safety  and  Supplies,  and  when  the 
Committee  were  in  session  at  Menotomy, 
he,  with  Colonel  Orne,  escaped  from 
the  British  troops  at  night  by  fleeing  to 
a  corn-field,  while  the  house  was  search 
ed  for  them.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States,  but  de 
clined  subscribing  to  it.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Federal  Congress 
from  1789  to  1793  ;  and  in  1797  he  was 
appointed  Minister  to  France.  In  1804 
he  was  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors, 
and  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in 
1810  and  1811.  In  1813  he  was  inaugu 
rated  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  and  filled  the  office  until  his 
death,  which  took  place  at  Washington, 
November  23,  1814. 

Gerry, Elbridf/e. — Born  in  Water- 
ford,  Oxford  County,  Maine,  December 
6,  1815;  received  a  good  academical 
education ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1839 ;  in  1840  was 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Maine  ;  in  1842  was  appointed  State's 
Attorney  for  Oxford  County,  and  re- 
elected  by  the  people  during  the  follow 
ing  year ;  in  1846  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1849  to  1851.  Of  late  years  he  has  re 
sided  in  Portland,  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession. 

Gerry,  James.— He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Geyer,  Henry  S. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  Maryland,  in  1798, 
and  early  in  life  removed  to  Missouri. 
He  saw  some  service  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  Captain  of  the  first  militia  com 
pany  formed  in  the  State  of  his  adop 
tion.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
arid  became  eminent  as  a  practitioner. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  politics,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  a  State  Constitution  ;  and  he 
was  an  active  member  of  the  first  two 
sessions  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  chosen  Speaker  during  his  second 
term.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Benton  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  where  he  served 
irom  1851  to  1857  ;  and  while  in  Wash 


ington,  officiated  as  Attorney  in  the 
Dred  Scott  case.  He  was  a  man  of 
ability,  of  pleasing  manners,  and  of  high 
character.  He  died  at  St.  Louis,  March 
5,  1859. 

Gholson,  James   H.  —  He    was 

born  in  Virginia ;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1820 ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1833  to  1835 ;  and  died  at  Bruns 
wick,  Virginia,  July  2, 1848,  aged  fifty 
years. 

Gholson,  S.  If. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
from  1837  to  1838. 

Gholson,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1808  to  1816. 

Giddings,  Joshua  jR. — Born  at 

Athens,  Bradford  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  October  6,  1795;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  practised  in  Ohio ;  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1826  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1838  to  1859.  He 
was  for  many  years  recognized  as  one 
of  the  leaders  of  the  Anti-slavery  party, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  book  on  Florida. 
In  1861  he  was  appointed  «by  President 
Lincoln,  Consul-G-eneral  of  British 
North  America  ;  and  died  at  Montreal, 
while  playing  billiards,  May  27,  1864. 

Gilbert,     Edward.  —  He   was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Cali 
fornia,  from  1850  to  1851. 

Gilbert,  EzeJciel. — He  was  born 
in  1755,  in  Middletown,  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1778  ;  and 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1793  to  1797.  He  suffered 
for  thirty  years  from  a  stroke  of  para 
lysis,  and  died  at  Hudson,  New  York, 
in  July,  1842. 

Gilbert,  Sylvester.— Born  in  1756, 
at  Hebron,  Connecticut;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1775 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1777,  at  Hebron.  In  1780  he  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly,  being 
the  youngest  member  in  the  House. 
In  1788  he  was  appointed  State's  Attor 
ney  for  Toland  County,  and  filled  that 
office  twenty-one  years.  In  1807  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


151 


was  appointed  Chief  Judge  of  the  County 
Court,  and  Judge  of  Probate,  which 
offices  he  held  until  1825,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  his  term  as  Representative  in 
Congress,  in  1818  and  1819;  and  in 
1810  he  was  a  teacher  of  a  law  school, 
which  he  continued  about  seven  years, 
during  which  time  fifty-six  students 
were  prepared  for  the  bar  under  his 
tuition.  In  1826  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  was  then  the 
oldest  member  in  the  House  ;  to  which 
body  he  had,  from  the  year  1780,  been 
re-elected  thirty  times.  He  died  in 
January,  1846. 

Gilbert,    William  A.  —  He  was 

born  in  Connecticut,  and,  removing  to 
New  York,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Giles.  JTohn.  —  Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  about  the  year 
1788  ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  Univer 
sity  in  1808 ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  In  1829  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  in  Congress,  but  resigned 
before  taking  his  seat,  on  account  of  ill 
health.  In  1835  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  met  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution.  He  died  March  2, 
1846,  in  Stanley  County,  North  Caro 
lina,  where  his  professional  duties  re 
quired  his  attendance  before  the  Circuit 
Court. 

Giles,  William  Branch. — Born 
in  Amelia  County,  Virginia,  August 
12,  1762;  graduated  at  Princeton  in 
1781;  studied  law,  but  abandoned  the 
profession  after  practising  about  six 
years.  From  1826  to  1829  he  was  Go 
vernor  of  his  native  State ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1790  to 
1798,  and  again  from  1801  to  1802;  and 
United  States  Senator,  from  1804  to 
1815;  and  was  subsequently  a  member 
of  the  Legislature.  He  published  a 
Speech  on  the  Embargo  Laws  in  1808, 
and,  in  1813,  Political  Letters  to  the 
People  of  Virginia,  and  subsequently 
an  invective  letter  against  President 
Monroe,  and  others,  of  a  political  cha 
racter,  to  John  Marshall  and  John 
Quincy  Adams.  He  died  in  Albemarle 
County,  Virginia,  December  4,  1830. 

Giles,  William  D.— He  was  born 


in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Gillespie,  James. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of  North 
Carolina,  and  a  Representative  in  the 
United  States  Congress,  from  1793  to 
1799,  and  from  1803  to  1805.  Died 
January  10,  1805. 

(Hllet,  Ransom  H. — Was  born  in 

New  Lebanon,  Columbia  County,  New 
York,  January  27,  1800.  His  early 
employment  was  farming  on  his  father's 
farm,  in  Saratoga  County,  in  the  sum 
mer,  and  lumbering  in'  the  pine  forest 
during  the  winter.  In  1819  he  removed 
to  St.  Lawrence  County,  where  he  was 
employed  to  teach  school,  during  the 
winter,  while  he  attended  the  St.  Law 
rence  Academy  during  the  summer.  In 
1821  he  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  law 
with  the  late  Silas  Wright,  at  Canton, 
still  continuing  to  teach  for  his  support. 
He  was  soon  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
settled  in  Ogdensburg,  where  he  con 
tinued,  mainly  devoted  to  his  profession, 
for  about  twenty  years.  In  1827  he  was 
appointed  Brigade-Major  and  Inspector 
of  the  49th  Brigade  of  Militia,  and  for 
ten  years  drilled  and  inspected  six  large 
regiments  in  St.  Lawrence  and  Jefler- 
son  Counties;  February  27,  1830,  he 
was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Ogdens 
burg,  which  office  he  filled  about  three 
years ;  in  1832  he  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Baltimore  Convention,  which  nomi 
nated  General  Jackson  for  President; 
he  was  elected,  in  November  of  that 
year,  to  Congress  ;  re-elected  in  1834, 
and  served,  while  in  Congress,  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce ;  in 
1837  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Van  Buren,  a  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indian  tribes  in  New  York, 
and  continued  in  that  service  until 
March,  1839 ;  in  1840  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Baltimore  Convention  which  re- 
nominated  Mr.  Van  Buren  ;  he  then 
engaged  in  practising  law,  and  con 
tinued  to  do  so  until  1845,  when  Presi 
dent  Polk  appointed  him  Register  of 
the  Treasury,  in  which  office  he  served 
until  1847,  when  he  was  promoted  to 
the  office  of  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury, 
in  which  place  he  continued  to  serve 
until  the  autumn  of  1849 ;  he  then  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York ; 
in  1855  he  became  Assistant  to  the  At 
torney-General  of  the  United  States, 


152 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  continued  in  that  office  until  he 
resigned,  in  1858;  and  President  Bu 
chanan  tendered  him  the  place  of  Soli 
citor  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  which  he 
accepted  and  held  until  1861. 

Gillette,  Francis.— He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  du 
ring  the  session  of  1854-5. 

Gillis,  James  L. — Born  at  Hebron, 
"Washington  County,  New  York,  Octo 
ber  2,  1792.  He  received  a  common 
school  education ;  served  an  apprentice 
ship  to  the  currying  and  tanner's  trade; 
during  the  campaigns  of  1812  and  1813, 
served  as  a  volunteer  from  New  York  ; 
in  1814  he  was  commissioned  a  Lieu 
tenant  by  the  Governor  of  New  York, 
and,  having  been  taken  prisoner  by  the 
British,  was  transported  to  Halifax, 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of 
the  war ;  he  subsequently  returned  to 
Ontario  County,  and  established  him 
self  as  a  farmer  ;  in  1823  he  removed  to 
Pennsylvania;  in  1840  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  that  State ;  in  1842 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  Jef 
ferson  County  ;  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1845 ;  re-elected  to  the  Lower 
House  in  1851 ;  and  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Agricul 
ture. 

Gillon,  -Alexander.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1793  to  1794,  having 
died  during  the  latter  year. 

Gilman,  CJiarle8J.-H.ewas  born 
in  New  Hampshire  ;  served  in  the  Le- 

fislature  of  that  State  in  1854 ;  and 
aving  removed  to  Maine,  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  that  State,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims. 

Gilman,  Nicholas. — He  was  a  De 
legate,  from  New  Hampshire,  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  from  178(5  to  1788 ; 
after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1789  to  1797;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1805  to  1814.  He  died  at 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  May  2, 
1814,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Gilmer,  George  JR. — He  was  born 


in  Wilkes  County  (now  Oglethorpe), 
Georgia,  April  11,  1790.  He  received 
an  academical  education,  but  did  not 
enter  college,  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Lexing 
ton,  Oglethorpe  County,  Georgia.  In 
1813,  as  First  Lieutenant  of  the  Forty- 
third  Regiment,  United  States  Army,  he 
participated  in  the  Creek  war,  and  in 
1818  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1818,  1819,  and  1824; 
was  Governor  of  the  State  for  the  terms 
commencing  in  1829  and  1837,  and  du 
ring  the  latter  term  removed  the  Chero 
kee  Indians  from  Georgia.  He  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Presidential 
Electors  in  1836  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to  1823, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  from  1833  to  1835. 
He  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1836  and  1840,  and  for  thirty  years  per 
formed  the  duties  of  trustee  of  the  Geor 
gia  College.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
book,  published  in  1855,  entitled  "Geor 
gians,"  which  contains  much  useful  and 
interesting  information  touching  the 
early  settlement  of  his  native  State. 
Died  at  Lexington,  Georgia,  November 
15,  1859. 

Gilmer,  John  A. — Born  in  Guil- 
ford  County,  North  Carolina,  Novem 
ber  4,  1805  ;  acquired  a  good  English 
education  at  winter  schools,  working  on 
a  farm  and  in  the  shop  during  the  sum 
mers  ;  then  taught  a  school,  and  thus 
obtained  the  means  to  enter  the  acade 
my  at  Greensborough  for  three  years, 
and  became  a  good  linguist  and  mathe 
matician,  and  taught  for  three  years  in 
a  grammar  school;  afterwards  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1832.  Was  a  member  of  the  State  Se 
nate,  from  1846  to  1856,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections.  In  1856  he  was 
the  Whig  candidate  for  Governor  of 
North  Carolina,  but  defeated.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
and  made  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections. 

Gilmer.  Thomas  W.— He  was  a 

native  of  V  irginia,  in  which  State  he 
held  many  positions  of  high  character, 
having  been  Governor  of  the  State  in 
1840,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843,  from  Virginia; 
and  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


153 


President  Tyler.  He  was  killed  by  the 
accident  on  board  the  United  States 
steamer  Princeton,  February  28,  1844. 

GUmore,  Alfred. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Gilmore,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1829  to  1833.  Died  May  18, 
1845. 

Gist,  Joseph. — Born  in  Union  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  in  1775;  educated 
at  the  Charleston  College  ;  studied  law 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1799 ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State 
for  eighteen  years  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1821  to  1827 ;  served  as  a  Trustee 
of  the  State  College ;  and  died  May  8, 
1836. 

Glascock,   Thomas.  —  He   was  a 

soldier  and  statesman  of  Georgia;  served 
at  the  siege  of  Savannah,  under  Count 
Pulaski,  as  Lieutenant,  and  exhibited 
great  skill  and  bravery ;  he  was  ap 
pointed  Colonel  of  the  troops  ordered 
out  by  the  Legislature,  in  defence  of  the 
State  against  the  Indians,  on  the  west 
ern  frontier ;  and  was  afterwards  elected 
General  of  militia.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1836  to  1839,  and  highly  respected 
for  his  talents  and  character.  He  died 
at  Decatur,  Georgia,  May  9,  1841. 

Glasgmv,  Hugh. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1813  to  1817. 

Glenn,  Henry. — He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  in 
Congress,  from  1793  to  1801.  He  died 
at  Schehectady,  in  1814,  aged  seventy- 
three  years. 

Gloninger,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  in  the  Twelfth 
Congress,  but  resigned  before  the  expi 
ration  of  his  term,  and  E.  Crouch  was 
elected  in  his  place. 

Goddard,  Calvin.  —  Born  in 
Shrewsbury,  Massachusetts,  July  17, 
1768;  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth,  in 


1786.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Norwich,  Connecticut,  in  1790,  and  set 
tled  in  Plainfield,  from  which  place  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Le 
gislature,  for  nine  sessions,  during  three 
of  which  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House. 
He  removed  to  Norwich  in  1807.  From 
1801  to  1805  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  from  1808  to  1815  he  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Council,  and  from 
1815  to  1818  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court.  He  was  State's  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  New  London  for  five  years, 
and  Mayor  of  Norwich  for  seventeen 
years.  He  died  at  Norwich,  May  2, 
1842. 

Gof/f/in,    William,  L.  —  Born  in 

Bedford  County,  Virginia,  May  31, 
1807  ;  received  an  academic  education  ; 
studied  law  in  Winchester,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1828,  and  practised 
in  several  of  the  Circuit  and  District 
Courts  of  the  State.  In  1836  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  1837 
declined  a  re-election.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1841, 1843,  and  1847,  being  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads  during  his  last  term.  He  was 
afterwards  appointed  one  of  the  Visitors 
of  West  Point,  under  the  administration 
of  President  Fillmore,  and  since  that 
time  he  has  pursued  his  profession,  in 
connection  with  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1859  he  was  nominated  as  the  Whig- 
candidate  for  Governor  of  Virginia. 

Gold.  Thomas  R. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1786;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  from  1797  to  1802  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  in  1808  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1809  to 
1813,  and  again  from  1815  to  1817.  He 
died  in  1826. 

Goldsborongh,  Charles  W. — He 

was  Governor  of  the  State  of  Maryland, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1805  to  1817.  He  died  at  Shoal  Creek, 
Maryland,  December  13,  1834. 

Goldsborough,  Robert  H.— He 

was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  Maryland,  from  1813  to  1819,  and 
again  from  1835  to  1836.  He  died  at 
New  Easton,  Maryland,  October  5, 
1836. 


11 


154 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Gooch,  Daniel  W. — Born  in  Wells, 
State  of  Maine,  in  January,  1820.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1843 ;  stu 
died  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846  ; 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Boston ;  was  elected  in  1852  to 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  in 
1853  to  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  the  State  ;  and  subsequently  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  for  an  unexpired 
term.  He  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories ;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Con 
duct  of  the  War ;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims, 
and  Foreign  Affairs. 

Goode,  Patrick  G. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1837  to  1843. 

Goode,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1799  to  1801. 

Goode,  William  O. — He  was  born 
at  Inglewood,  Mecklenburg  County, 
Virginia,  September  16,  1798  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary  ;  studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  in  1821 ;  he  was,  early  in  life, 
elected  for  several  terms  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.  He  was  a  mem 
ber,  in  1829,  of  the  State  Keform  Con 
vention  of  Virginia ;  in  1832  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  debates 
on  slavery  of  that  year ;  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1838 ;  and 
he  was  first  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  in  1841,  serv 
ing  until  1843.  He  was  subsequently 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
for  several  sessions ;  he  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Reform  Convention  of 
1850,  and  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the 
Legislative  Committee ;  and  he  was  a 
member  of  th  e  House  of  Delegates,  called 
to  put  the  New  Constitution  into  opera 
tion,  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Finance.  In  1853  he  was  again 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  and  was  regularly  re- 
elected  until  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
in  which  he  served  as  Chairman  of  the 


Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Died  near  Boydtown,  Virginia,  July  3, 
1859. 

Goodenow,  John  JIT.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1829  to  1831. 

Goodenow,  Robert. — He  was  born 
in  Farmington,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1800 ;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821 ;  was 
County  Attorney  from  1828  to  1834,  and 
in  1841 ;  and,  having  taken  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Maine,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  Bank 
Commissioner  for  the  State. 

Goodenoiv,  Hit/us  K. — Born  in 

Henniker,  New  Hampshire,  April  24, 
1790,  but  removed  with  his  father  to 
Brownfield,  Maine,  where  he  was  edu 
cated  in  a  country  school.  He  was  a 
farmer,  and  for  many  years  a  common 
sailor.  He  entered  the  army  in  1812  as 
Captain  in  the  Thirty-third  Regiment 
of  United  States  Infantry,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  1815.  Upon  the 
organization  of  a  State  Government  he 
was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Courts  for 
Oxford  County,  and  removed  to  Paris, 
and  held  this  office  sixteen  years.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1840,  and  repre 
sented  his  district  in  the  Thirty-first 
Congress. 

Goodhue,  Benjamin. — Born  at 

Salem,  Massachusetts,  October  1,  1748  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1766  ;  and  received  literary  honors  from 
Yale  College  in  1804.  Early  in  life  he 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits.  He 
was  a  Whig  during  the  Revolution  ;  re 
presented  his  native  county  in  the  State 
Senate,  from  1784  to  1789,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  Congress 
under  the  new  Constitution,  and,  as 
sisted  by  Mr.  Fitzsimmons,  of  Philadel 
phia,  formed  our  code  of  revenue  laws, 
the  majority  of  which  have  never  been 
abrogated.  In  1796  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  and  be 
came  distinguished  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce  ;  but  in  1800 
he  resigned  his  seat,  and  retired  from 
public  life.  He  died  at  Salem,  July  28, 
1814. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey. — Born  at 
Durham,  Connecticut,  October  20, 1759  j 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


155 


graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1776,  with 
a  high  reputation  for  genius  and  acquire 
ments.  After  spending  several  years  as 
tutor  in  that  institution  he  established 
himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Hartford,  and  soon 
attained  to  eminence  in  the  profession. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1793,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1795  to  1801.  From  1802 
to  1807  was  a  Councillor  of  the  State ; 
and  he  was  elected  United  States  Sena 
tor  from  1807  to  1813.  He  received  the 
office  of  Mayor  of  Hartford  in  1812, 
and  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress.  He 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
State  in  1813.  He  died  August  18, 
1815. 

Goodrich.  Elizur. — He  was  one 

of  the  very  few  survivors  among  the 
men  who  figured  in  public  life  under 
the  administrations  of  Washington  and 
the  elder  Adams.  He  belonged  to  the 
Washington  school  of  Federalists,  and 
his  removal  from  the  office  of  Collector 
of  Customs,  at  New  Haven,  immediately 
on  the  accession  of  Jefferson  to  the  Pre 
sidency,  gave  occasion  to  the  famous 
letter,  in  which  Jefferson  avowed  his 
principle  of  removal  for  political  opin 
ions.  Besides  being  honored  with  vari 
ous  offices  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
he  was  for  some  time  Professor  of  Law 
in  Yale  College,  and  for  many  years  the 
efficient  Mayor  of  New  Haven.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1799  to  1801.  Died 
in  New  Haven,  November  1,  1849. 

Goodrich,  John  Z. — He  was  born 
in  Sheffield,  Massachusetts,  September 
27,  1801 :  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
but  turned  his  attention  to  manufactur 
ing  ;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1848  and  1849  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1855, 
from  his  native  State.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Col 
lector  of  Boston,  and  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Goodwin,  Henry  C.  —  Born  in 
De  Ruy  ter,  Madison  County,  New  York, 
June  25,  1824,  received  an  academic 
education,  and  studied  law,  having  been 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846.  In  1847 
he  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  Ma 
dison  County,  and  held  the  office  three 
years.  He  was  a  Representative,  from 
New  York,  to  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  and  was  re- 


elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 
Died  at  Hamilton,  Canada  West,  No 
vember  12,  1860. 

Goodwin,  John  N. — Was  born  in 
South  Berwick,  Maine;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1844 ;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in  South 
Berwick ;  was  elected  in  1854  to  the 
Senate  of  Maine  ;  and  in  1860  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Maine,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia,  and  Invalid 
Pensions.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Goodivin,  Peterson. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1803  to  1818.  Died  Febru 
ary  21,  1818. 

Goodyear,  Charles. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly,  from  Schoharie 
County,  in  1840,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847. 

Gordon,  James. — He  was  a  mem 
ber,  for  seven  years,  of  the  State  Senate 
of  New  York,  twelve  years  in  the  State 
Assembly,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1791 
to  1795. 

Gordon,  Samuel. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  served  in  the  State  As 
sembly  in  1834,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843,  and  again  from  1845  to 
1847. 

Gordon,  William. — He  was  a  gra 
duate  of  Harvard  College  in  1779  ;  was 
Attorney-General  for  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1797 
to  1800;  and  died  at  Boston,  in  May, 
1802,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 

Gordon,  William  F. — He  was  a 

native  of  Virginia,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1835.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  originator  of  the  Sub-treasury  Sys 
tem.  Died  in  Albemarle  County,  July 
2,  1858. 

Gore,  Christopher. — Born  in  Bos- 


156 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ton,  Massachusetts,  in  1758;  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1776 ;  Governor 
of  Massachusetts  under  the  Constitution 
of  1780.  He  settled  in  Boston  as  a  law 
yer,  and,  in  1789,  was  appointed  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  under  the  new  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  In  1796  he  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  under  the 
fourth  article  of  Jay's  Treaty.  This 
appointment  obliged  him  to  go  to  Lon 
don,  where  he  remained  eight  years, 
during  the  last  of  which  he  was  left 
Charg6  d'Aftaires.  He  was  again  cho 
sen  Governor  in  1809,  but  only  served 
one  term.  In  1813  he  was  chosen  a  Se 
nator  of  the  United  States,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  1816,  when  he 
retired  to  private  life.  He  died  March, 
1,  1827,  aged  sixty-eight.  Having  no 
children,  Mr.  Gore  left  valuable  be 
quests  to  the  American  Academy  and 
the  Historical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
a  member ;  and  he  made  Harvard  Col 
lege,  of  which  institution  he  had  been  a 
Fellow  and  Trustee,  his  residuary  lega 
tee.  He  was  for  a  time  the  legal  tutor 
and  adviser  of  Daniel  Webster. 

Gorham,  Benjamin.  —  He  was 

born  in  Charlestown,  Massachusetts, 
February  13,  1775,  and  died  in  Boston, 
September  27,  1855.  He  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1795,  studied  law  with 
Theophilus  Parsons,  of  Newburyport, 
and  rose  to  eminence  at  the  bar  of  Bos 
ton.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Suffolk  District,  from 
1820  to  1823,  from  1827  to  1831,  and 
from  1833  to  1835.  He  was  afterwards, 
for  a  short  time,  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  but  spent  the  closing  years 
of  his  life  in  retirement. 

Gorman,   William  A. — He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  having  removed 
to  Indiana,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Gott,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in  Con 
necticut,  and  on  removing  to  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1851. 

Gould,  Herman  D. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  New  York,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851. 


Gourdin,  Theodore. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1813  to  1815.  Died 
January  17,  1826. 

Govan,  A.  H. — He  was  born  in 
Orangeburg,  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1822  to  1827. 

Graham,  James. — Born  in  Lin 
coln  County,  North  Carolina,  in  Janu 
ary,  1793.  He  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  that  State  in  1814 ;  studied 
law,  and  practised  with  success  for  many 
years ;  served  four  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1833  to  1843,  .and 
from  1845  to  1847.  He  spent  the  close 
of  his  life  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits,  and  died  September  25,  1851. 

Gt^aham,  James   H.  —  He    was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Accounts. 

Graham,  William. — He  was  born 
in  1783  ;  received  a  limited  education ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  State  Constitution  of  In 
diana  ;  served  many  years  in  both 
branches  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  Speaker  in  1820;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1837  to  1839.  Died  near  Valonia, 
Indiana,  in  1857. 

Graham,  William  A. — Was  born 
in  18UO,  in  North  Carolina,  and  repre 
sented  that  State  in  the  United  States 
Senate  two  years,  viz.,  from  1841  to 
1843.  In  August,  1844,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State,  to  which  office 
he  was  re-elected  in  1846,  retiring  at 
the  expiration  of  his  second  term,  in 
January,  1849.  He  was  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  under  President  Fillmore, 
and  subsequently,  candidate  for  Vice- 
President  on  the  ticket  with  General 
Scott. 

Granger,  Amos  P. — He  was  born 
in  Suffield,  Hartford  County,  Connec 
ticut,  in  June,  1789 ;  received  a  common 
school  education;  devoted  the  most  of 
his  life  to  farming  and  merchandizing  ; 
and  having  removed  to  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  arid  Thirty- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


157 


fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories. 

Gr  anger  9  Bradley  F. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Michigan,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Granger,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Suffield,  Hartford  County,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1787  ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1811 ;  and,  on  removing  to  New  York, 
was  for  five  years,  from  1826,  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  that  State. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1835  to  1837, 
and  again  from  1839  to  1841,  when  he 
resigned,  to  receive  from  President  Har 
rison  the  appointment  of  Postmaster- 
General.  Since  that  time  he  has  lived 
in  retirement. 

Grant,  Abraham    P. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Grantland,  Seaton. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  having  taken  up  his 
residence  near  Milledgeville,  in  Geor 
gia,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835  to 
1839.  He  was  also  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor. 

Graves,  William  J. — He  repre 
sented  the  State  of  Kentucky  in  Con 
gress,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  died  at 
Louisville,  September  27,  1848,  aged 
forty-three  years. 

Gray,  Edward. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1799  to  1813. 

Gray,  Hiram. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Gray,  John  C. — He  was  born  in 
Southampton  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1820  to  1821. 

Grayson,  William. — Was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia,  and  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress.  In  1788  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  of  Virginia 
which  assembled  to  consider  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  made 


himself  conspicuous  both  by  his  talents 
and  his  union  with  Henry  in  opposing 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  From 
1789  to  1790  he  was  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  and  died  at  Dumfries, 
while  on  his  way  to  the  seat  of  Govern 
ment,  March  12,  1790. 

Grayson,   William  J. — He  is  a 

native  of  Beaufort,  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  Col 
lege  in  1809  ;  was  bred  to  the  legal  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  Commissioner  in  Equity 
of  South  Carolina ;  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1837;  and  by 
President  Taj7lor  he  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  the  Customs  at  Charleston.  Of 
late  years  he  has  devoted  himself  to 
planting.  In  1856  he  published  "  The 
Hireling  and  the  Slave,"  "  Chicora, 
and  other  Poems." 

Greeley,  Horace. — Was  born  at 
Amherst,  in  New  Hampshire,  February 
3,  1811.  Until  the  age  of  fourteen,  he 
attended  a  common  school  in  his  native 
State.  About  that  time,  his  parents 
having  removed  to  the  State  of  Ver 
mont,  Horace,  who  had  early  shown  a 
fondness  for  reading,  especially  news 
papers,  and  had  resolved  to  be  a  .print 
er,  endeavored  to  find  employment  as 
an  apprentice  in  a  printing-office  in 
Whitehall,  but  without  success.  He 
afterwards  applied  at  the  office  of  the 
Northern  Spectator,  in  Pultney,  Ver 
mont,  where  his  services  were  accepted, 
and  where  he  remained  until  1830,  when 
the  paper  was  discontinued,  and  he  re 
turned  to  work  on  his  father's  farm. 
During  the  following  year  he  arrived  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  ob 
tained  work  as  a  journeyman  printer, 
and  was  employed  in  various  offices, 
with  occasional  intervals,  for  the  next 
eighteen  months.  In  1834,  in  connec 
tion  with  Jonas  Winchester,  he  started 
The  New  Yorker,  a  weekly  journal  of 
literature  and  general  intelligence,  and 
became  its  editor.  After  struggling  on 
for  several  years,  the  journal  was  aban 
doned.  During  its  existence,  Mr.  Gree 
ley  published  several  political  campaign 
papers,  The  Constitution,  The  Jefler- 
sonian,  and  The  Log  Cabin.  In  1841  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  New 
York.  Tribune.  In  1848  he  was  chosen 
to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress,  and  served  through  the  short  term 
preceding  President  Taylor's  inaugu- 


158 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ration.  In  1851  he  visited  Europe, 
and  was  chosen  chairman  of  one  of  the 
juries  at  the  World's  Fair.  He  gave 
an  account  of  his  travels  in  a  series  of 
letters  to  the  Tribune,  which  were  af 
terwards  collected  into  a  volume.  He 
has  also  published  a  collection  of  his 
addresses,  essays,  &c.,  under  the  title  of 
"  Hints  towards  Reforms."  •'.  - 

Green,  Byram. — He  was  "born  in 
New  York;  served  five  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State ;  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Green,  Frederick   W. — He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  having  removed 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

Green,  I.  L. — He  was  born  in  Mas 
sachusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1781 ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1805  to  1809,  and  again  from  1811  to 
1813.  He  died  in  1841. 

Green,  Innis. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1827  to  1831. 

Green,  James  S. — He  was  born  in 
Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  February 
28,  1817;  and  in  1836,  with  no  fortune 
but  a  common  English  education,  he  re 
moved  to  Alabama,  where  he  remained 
one  year,  and  then  took  up  his  residence 
in  Missouri,  with  which  State  he  has 
since  been  identified.  After  many  strug 
gles  with  the  world,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1840,  and  soon  thereafter  en 
tered  upon  a  lucrative  practice.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention,  held 
in  1845,  for  the  revision  of  the  Consti 
tution  of  Missouri ;  and  was  elected  a 
member  of  Congress  in  1846,  serving 
through  two  terms.  He  argued  a  boun 
dary  dispute  case  in  the  Supreme  Court, 
by  appointment  of  the  Governor  of  Mis 
souri  ;  and  in  1849  took  the  stump  against 
the  late  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Benton.  In 
1853  President  Pierce  appointed  him  to 
be  Charge  d' Affaires,  and  subsequently 
Minister  Resident  at  Bogota,  New  Gra 
nada.  He  was  again  elected  a  member 
of  Congress  in  1856,  but  before  taking 
his  seat  he  was  chosen  by  the  Legisla 
ture  to  represent  the  State  of  Missouri 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 


During  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  and  on 
Territories,  and  at  the  commencement 
of  the  second  session  of  that  Congress, 
he  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories. 

Green,  Willis. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1845. 

Greene,  Albert  €.— He  was  born 

in  East  Greenwich,  Rhode  Island,  in 
1792;  read  law  in  New  York,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  ;  returned  to  his 
native  State,  and  there  commenced  .the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1815  he 
was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  State;  in  1816  was  elected  a  Briga 
dier-General  of  militia,  and  subsequent 
ly  became  a  Major-General ;  from  1822 
to  1825he  served  again  in  the  Legislature 
of  the  State,  and  was  chosen  Speaker ; 
from  1825  to  1843  he  was  Attorney-Ge 
neral  of  the  State ;  from  1845  to  1851 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Rhode  Island;  and  having  again  served 
a  term  in  each  of  the  two  Houses  of  the 
State  Legislature,  he  retired  from  public 
life  in  1857.  Died  at  Providence,  Ja 
nuary  8,  1863. 

Greene,  Ray. — He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1784 ;  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1797  to  1801,  when  he  resigned. 

Greene,  Thomas  M. — He  was  a 

Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Mississippi,  from  1802  to  1803. 

Greenup,  Christopher. — He  was 

Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1804  to 
1808 ;  was  a  patriot  of  the  American  Re 
volution,  and  participated  in  the  perils 
of  the  war.  He  was  at  various  times  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  Representative  of  that  State  in- 
Congress,  from  1792  to  1797.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  usefulness  in  his  native 
State,  and  died  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky, 
April  24,  1818. 

Greenwood,  A.  JS.  —  Born  in 
Franklin  County,  Georgia,  July  11, 
1811  ;  graduated  at  the  Athens  Univer 
sity,  Georgia ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  of  Arkansas  from  1842  to  1845. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


159 


He  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  said 
State  from  1845  to  1851 ;  Circuit  Judge 
from  1851  to  1853 ;  and  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1853  to  1858, 
serving  a  portion  of  the  time  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 
In  1859  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Af 
fairs. 

Gregg,  Andrew. — Born  in  Car 
lisle,  Pennsylvania,  June  10,  1755;  he 
received  a  good  classical  education,  and 
for  several  years  was  tutor  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1783  he 
opened  a  country  store  in  Middletown. 
Dauphin  County,  whence  he  removed, 
in  1789,  to  a  wilderness  valley,  where 
he  commenced  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1790  he  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  serving 
from  1791  to  1807,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1807  to  1813,  serving 
for  a  time  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate.  In  1814  he  removed  to  Belle- 
fonte,  and  in  1816  he  was  appointed  Se 
cretary  of  State  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  remarkable  for  a  sound  and  dis 
criminating  mind,  agreeable  and  digni 
fied  manners,  and  performed  his  duties 
with  talent  and  integrity.  He  died  at 
Bellefonte,  May  20,  1835. 

Gregg,  James  M. — Born  in  Pa 
trick  County,  Virginia,  June  26,  1806. 
He  received  only  a  common  school  edu 
cation,  and  was  bred  a  practical  farmer, 
but  studied  the  profession  of  law ;  and 
in  1830  he  settled  in  Hendrick  County, 
Indiana.  From  1834  to  1837  he  was 
County  Surveyor,  and  then  chosen  Clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  serving  till  1845. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

Gregory,    Dudley   S. — He    was 

born  in  Connecticut ;  was  at  one  time 
engaged  in  the  iron  business  among  the 
Adirondack  Mountains  of  New  York, 
and  having  settled  in  New  Jersey,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Greig,  John. — Born  in  Dumfries 
shire,  Scotland,  August  6,  1779;  edu 
cated  at  the  Edinburgh  High  School; 
emigrated  to  America  in  1797 ;  settled 
in  Canandaigua,  New  York  ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1804  :  prac 


tised  his  profession  until  1820,  when  he 
became  President  of  the  Ontario  Bank, 
which  he  held  until  1856 ;  he  was  for 
many  years  a  Kegent  of  the  New  York 
University,  and  also  a  Vice-Chancellor  ; 
was  long  the  active  head  of  an  Agricul 
tural  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  foun 
ders  and  corporators  of  the  Ontario 
Female  Seminary.  His  service  in  Con 
gress  was  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1841,  but  he  resigned  at  the  close  of  the 
first  session.  Died  at  Canandaigua, 
April  9,  1858. 

Grennell,  George. — Born  in  Green 
field,  Franklin  County,  Massachusetts, 
December  25,  1786  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1808;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1811 ;  was  Pro 
secuting  Attorney  for  Franklin  County 
from  1820  to  1828 ;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  from  1824  to  1827  ;  and 
was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1829  to  1839.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Amherst  College, 
and  in  1854  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  that  institution. 
From  1849  to  1853,  he  was  Probate 
Judge  for  his  county,  and  subsequently 
settled  down  as  Clerk  of  the  Franklin 
County  Court.  He  was  the  first  man 
who  proposed  and  advocated  on  the 
floor  of  Congress  the  recognition  of 
Hayti. 

Grey,    Benjamin    E.  —  He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Grider,  Henry.  —  Was  born  in 
Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  July  16, 
1796  ;  received  a  good  desultory  educa 
tion  at  Bowling  Green,  and  elsewhere  ; 
studied  law,  and  while  engaged  in  prac 
tice,  also  devoted  some  attention  to 
farming.  He  rendered  his  first  public 
service  as  a  private  in  the  army,  during 
the  last  war  with  England,  having 
served  with  Shelby  in  his  campaign  to 
Canada  ;  in  1827  and  1831  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky,  and  in 
1833  to  the  State  Senate,  where  he 
served  four  years.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  on  Mileage.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  ; 


160 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES, 


was  a  member  of  the   Committee    on 
the  Territories. 

Griffin,  Isaac. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

Griffin,  John  K.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1831  to  1841,  and  died  at 
Milton,  South  Carolina,  August  1, 1841. 

Griffin,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1789  to  1795. 

Griffin,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1803  to  1805. 

Grimes,  James  W. — He  was  born 
in  Deering,  Hillsborough  County,  New 
Hampshire,  October  16,  1816,  and  com 
menced  his  education  at  Hampton  Aca 
demy,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1836.  Soon  after  that  time 
he  emigrated  to  the  West,  and  in  1838 
was  elected  to  the  first  General  Assem 
bly  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  to  which 
he  was  frequently  re-elected.  He  was 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Iowa  from 
1854  to  1858,  and  in  1859  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
for  six  years,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Grinnell,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  No 
vember  17,  1788.  His  early  education 
was  received  at  private  schools,  and 
was  moulded  in  view  of  a  mercantile 
life  ;  he  commenced  business  in  New 
York  as  a  commission  merchant  in 
1809,  and  continued  there  until  1829, 
for  five  years  being  connected  with 
John  H.  Howland,  eleven  years  with 
Preserved  Fish,  and  four  years  with  his 
brothers,  Moses  H.  and  Henry  Grin 
nell  ;  in  1829  he  retired  from  the  New 
York  concern,  and  visited  Europe  ;  on 
his  return,  he  settled  in  his  native  place, 
devoting  himself  to  commerce  gene 
rally,  and  especially  to  the  whale  fish 
ery.  Among  the  laborious  positions 
which  he  has  long  held  in  New  Bed 
ford,  are  those  of  President  of  the  Ma 
rine  Bank,  of  the  New  Bedford  and 
Taunton  Railroad,  and  of  the  Wam- 


sutta  Cotton-mill.  In  1839,  1840,  and 
1841,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Go 
vernor's  Council  of  Massachusetts  ;  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress  in  1843,  and  was  three  times  re- 
elected,  serving  on  the  Post-oifice  and 
Commerce  Committees,  and  originating 
the  idea  of  a  reduction  of  postage  and 
the  establishment  of  life-boats.  Indeed, 
so  great  was  Mr.  Grinnell's  influence 
on  the  floor  of  Congress,  as  every  mea 
sure  he  proposed  seemed  to  succeed,  he 
was  playfully  designated  by  his  friends 
as  one  of  the  most  dangerous  men  in 
the  House. 

Grinnell,    Josiah    S. — He    was 

born  in  New  Haven,  Vermont,  Decem 
ber  22,  1821 ;  received  a  collegiate  and 
theological  education  ;  went  to  Iowa  in 
1855,  and  turned  his  attention  to  farm 
ing,  having  been  the  most  extensive 
wool-grower  in  the  State,  to  which  he 
has  devoted  special  attention ;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  for  four 
years ;  a  special  agent  for  the  General 
Post-office  for  two  years ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Iowa,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads. 

Grinnell,  Moses  H. — Born  in 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  March  3, 
1803 ;  was  educated  at  private  schools 
and  at  Friends'  Academy  ;  was  bred  a 
merchant,  and  frequently  went  abroad 
as  supercargo  ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1839  to  1841.  Moses  H.,  Henry  Grin 
nell,  and  Robert  B.  Minturn,  were  the 
gentlemen  composing  the  distinguished 
firm  of  Grinnell,  Minturn  &  Co.,  the 
house  taking  that  title  in  1829,  though 
in  reality  founded  many  years  before 
by  Joseph  Grinnell  and  Preserved  Fish. 

Griswold,  Gaylord. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1787;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  1796  to  1798;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1803  to  1805;  and  died  in  1809. 

Griswold,  John  A. — He  was  born 

in  Rensselaer  County,  New  York, 
about  the  year  1822 ;  was  educated  for 
the  mercantile  profession  ;  settled  him 
self  in  the  iron  trade,  to  which,  in  con 
nection  with  banking,  he  has  ever  been 
devoted.  He  served  one  term  as  Mayor 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


161 


of  the  City  of  Troy,  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

Griswold, Roger. — Born  in  Lyme, 
Connecticut,  May  21,  1762  ;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1780,  and  studied 
law.  From  1795  to  1805  he  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut.  In  1801  he  declined  the  ap 
pointment  of  Secretary  of  War,  offered 
him  by  President  Adams,  a  few  days 
previous  to  the  accession  of  President 
Jefferson.  In  1807  he  was  chosen  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State ;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  from 
1809  to  1811,  and  then  elected  Governor; 
while  holding  that  office,  he  refused  to 
place  four  companies  under  General 
Dearborn,  at  the  requisition  of  the  Presi 
dent,  for  garrison  purposes,  deeming 
the  requisition  unconstitutional,  as  they 
were  not  wanted  to  "repel  invasion," 
&c.  He  died  in  1812. 

Griswold,  Stanley. — Born  in  Tor- 
ringford,  Connecticut,  November,  1768  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786  ;  and 
was  a  clergyman,  In  1804  he  became 
the  editor  of  a  Democratic  paper  in 
Walpole,  New  Hampshire,  but  soon 
after  was  appointed,  by  President  Jef 
ferson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of 
Michigan.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  in  1809 ;  and  United 
States  Judge  for  the  Northwestern  Ter 
ritory.  He  died  at  Shawneetown,  Illi 
nois,  August  21,  1814. 

GroesbecJc,  William  S. — He  was 

born  in  New  York  about  the  year  1826  ; 
studied  law  and  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession ;  in  1852  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Commission  appointed  to  codify 
the  laws  of  Ohio ;  was  a  member  in 
1851  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  ;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs ;  was  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861,  and  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio. 

Gross,  Ezra  C. — He  was  born  in 
Windsor  County,  Vermont ;  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1806 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1819  to  1821 ;  and  was 


elected  to  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in 
1828  and  1829,  but  died  before  the  close 
of  his  second  term. 

Gross,  Samuel. — He  was  a  native 
of  Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1819  to  1823. 

Grosvenor,  Thomas  P.  —  Born 
in  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  in  1780,  and 
died  April  25,  1817.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1800;  and,  after  study 
ing  law,  removed  to  New  York  ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State,  and  was  elected  to  Congress 
as  a  Representative,  serving  from  1813 
to  1817. 

Grout,  Jonathan. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1789  to  1791.  He  was 
also  a  State  Representative  in  1781  and 
1784,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1787  and 
1788. 

Grove,   William  S.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1791  to  1803. 

Grover,  Lafayette. — Was  born  in 
Bethel,  Oxford  County,  Maine ;  gra 
duated  at  Bowdoin  College ;  studied 
law  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1850 ;  and  soon 
afterwards  took  up  his  re  idence  in 
Salem,  Oregon  Territory.  In  1851  he 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the  Territory;  in  1852  Auditor  of  Pub 
lic  Accounts  ;  served  three  years  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature  ;  saw  some  ser 
vice  in  the  Indian  wars  of  Oregon ;  was 
a  Commissioner  in  1854  to  adjust  the 
claims  of  citizens  of  Oregon  against  the 
United  States ;  he  was  appointed  in  1856 
one  of  the  Commissioners  to  investigate 
the  Indian  war  claims  against  the  Gene 
ral  Government;  and,  having  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Convention  of 
1857  to  form  a  State  Constitution,  he 
was  subsequently  elected  the  first  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  the  pro 
spective  State,  and  took  his  seat  as  such 
in  February,  1859. 

Grover,  Martin. — He  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

Grow,  Galusha  A. — Born  in  Ash- 


162 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ford,  "Windham  County,  Connecticut, 
August  31,  1823 ;  was  educated  at  Am- 
herst  College,  graduating  in  1844  ; 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847 ;  and 
having  settled  among  the  mountains  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  his  health,  in  1850, 
being  delicate,  he  amused  himself  by 
surveying  wild  lands  and  rafting ;  and 
in  1850  he  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  where  he  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  onTerritories  and 
Public  Printing.  "When  Mr.  Banks  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives, 
Mr.  Grow  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories ;  and,  during  one  of 
the  recesses  of  Congress,  he  visited  Eu 
rope.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories.  Ee-elect- 
ed  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and 
was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 


&.  —  'BoTn  in  Vir 


Grundy, 

ginia,  September  11,  1770  ;  he  removed 
with  his  father  to  Kentucky,  and  was 
educated  at  Bardstown  Academy;  stu 
died  law,  and  soon  became  distinguished 
at  the  bar.  He  commenced  his  public 
career  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  as  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  revising 
the  Constitution  of  Kentucky  ;  was 
afterwards,  for  six  or  seven  years,  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State. 
In  1806  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  and 
was  soon  after  Chief  Justice.  In  1807 
he  removed  to  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
and  became  eminent  as  a  lawyer.  From 
1811  to  1814  he  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  and  during 
several  years  after  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  that  State.  From  1829 
to  1838  he  was  United  States  Senator, 
and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed,  by 
President  Van  Buren,  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  United  States;  in  1840  he 
resigned  this  position,  and  was  again 
elected  Senator.  He  died  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  December-  19,  1840. 

Gunn.  James.—  He  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  Georgia, 
from  1789  to  1801,  and  died  in  Louis 
ville,  in  that  State,  July  30,  1801. 

Gurley,  Henry  H.  —  He  was  born 
in  Lebanon,  Connecticut,  in  1787;  was 


educated  at  Williamstown  College  ; 
studied  law,  and  settled  at  an  early  day 
in  Louisiana ;  and  he  was  a  Eepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1831.  He  previously  held  the 
office  of  United  States  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Louisiana,  and  died 
in  1832. 

Gurley,  John  A. — Born  in  East 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  December  9, 
1813  ;  received  an  academic  education  ; 
studied  for  the  ministry,  and  was  set 
tled  as  a  preacher  at  Methuen,  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1834  to  1837,  when  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he 
published  a  paper,  called  the  Star,  of 
the  West,  for  fifteen  years.  In  1858  he 
was  elected  a  Eepresentative,  from  Ohio, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Print 
ing.  Ee-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Commerce  and  on  Eoads  and  Canals. 
Died  at  Cincinnati,  August  19,  1863, 
while  holding  the  office  of  Governor  of 
Arizona,  conferred  upon  him  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln. 

Gustine,  Amos.— He  was  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  died  in 
Lost  Creek  Valley,  Pennsylvania, 
March  3,  1844. 

Guyon,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Eichmond  County,  New  York,  in  1777  ; 
represented  Staten  Island,  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  New  York,  a  number  of  years, 
and  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821.  He  died  on  Staten  Island, 
March  8,  1846. 

Gwin,  William  M.  —  Born  in 
Sumner  County,  Tennessee,  October  9, 
1805 ;  graduated  at  Transylvania  Uni 
versity,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  stu 
died  medicine  as  a  profession ;  he  was 
appointed  United  States  Marshal  for 
Mississippi ;  and  elected  a  Eepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  serv 
ing  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  Com 
missioner  of  Public  Buildings  to  super 
intend  the  erection  of  the  New  Orleans 
Custom-house ;  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  framing  the  Constitution  of 
California,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
United  States  Senators  from  that  State, 
having  been  elected,  in  1850,  for  six 
years,  and  re-elected  in  1856,  for  the 
term  which  expired  in  1861.  He  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


163 


Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Kailroad,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Finance  and  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

Habersham,  Hichard   W. — He 

was  born  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  in 
1786,  and  was  educated  at  Nassau  Hall, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  graduated  in 
1805.  He  distinguished  himself  as  a 
lawyer,  and  occupied  many  stations  of 
trust  in  his  native  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1843,  where  he  commanded  great  re 
spect  for  his  political  integrity  and  gen 
tlemanly  character.  He  died  in  Haber 
sham  County,  Georgia,  December  2, 
1844. 

Hacket,  Thomas  (7.— He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs.  Died  at  Ma 
rietta,  Georgia,  October  8,  1851. 

HacMey,  Aaron. — Born  in  New 
Haven,  Connecticut,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  1814, 
1815,  and  1818,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1819  to 
1821. 

Hahn,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1815  to  1817. 

Hahn,  Michael. — Born  in  Bava 
ria,  in  November,  1830 ;  was  brought 
to  the  United  States  when  a  child,  and 
settled  in  Louisiana ;  received  a  public 
school  education  in  New  Orleans,  and 
received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  the 
University  of  Louisiana  ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  and  in  1862  was 
chosen  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  he  and  B.  F.  Flan 
ders  having  been  elected  during  the 
military  rule  in  Louisiana.  He  took 
his  seat  at  the  close  of  the  session. 

Haight,  Edward. — Born  in  New 
York  City,  March  26,  1817 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  a  private  school ;  entered  a 
counting-house,  and  turned  his  whole 
attention  to  mercantile  pursuits ;  became 
a  Director  in  the  National  Bank  of  New 
York,  and  subsequently  Vice-President 
of  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  and 
finally  President,  which  position  he  still 
occupies.  Besides  acting  as  a  Director 


in  six  or  seven  banks  and  insurance 
companies,  he  has  frequently  served  as 
an  officer  in  various  benevolent  institu 
tions.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures. 

Haile,  William. — He  was  born  in 
1797,  and  died  at  Woodville,  Missis 
sippi,  March  7,  1837.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from 
1826  to  1828. 

Hale,  A.Ttemas. — Born  in  Win- 
chendon,  Worcester  County,  Massachu 
setts,  October  20,  1783,  and  pursued  the 
occupation  of  a  farmer  until  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  having  received  only 
a  common  school  education.  He  was  a 
teacher  in  Hingham  for  ten  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Bridgewater,  where  he 
engaged  in  manufacturing.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Legislature  for 
several  years,  and  a  State  Senator  in 

1833  and  1834.     In  1853  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1845  to  1849. 

Hale,  James  T. — He  was  born  in 
Bradford  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  Oc 
tober,  1810  ;  received  a  .common  school 
education ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1832 ;  in  1851  he 
was  appointed  President  Judge  in  the 
Twentieth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  in  1858  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Claims  and  on  Roads  and  Canals.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims. 

Hale,  John  P. — Born  in  Roches 
ter,  Stafford  County,  New  Hampshire, 
March  31,  1806.  After  preparing  him 
self  at  Exeter  Academy,  he  entered 
Bowdoin  College,  and  graduated  in 
1827.  He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1830;  in  1832  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in 

1834  he  was  appointed,  by   President 
Jackson,    District   Attorney   for    New 
Hampshire,  and  reappointed  by  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren;  in  1843  he  was  elect 
ed    a   Representative   in  Congress ;    in 


164 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1846  he  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature    and   chosen    Speaker ;    in 

1847  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  and  after  serving  until  1853,  de 
voted  himself  for  two  years  to  his  pro 
fession,  and  was  re-elected  in  1855  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  in  1859 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1865,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  member 
of  that  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 
In  1852  he  was  the  Free-soil  candidate 
for  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

Hale,  Salma.—Kz  was  a  [Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1823,  1824, 
and  1845,  serving  in  both  Houses. 

H ale ,   William.  —  He  was  one  of 

the  most  influential  men  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1809  to  1811,  and  again  from  1813  to 
1817.  Died  at  Dover,  November  8, 
1848,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Haley,  Elisha.—B-Q  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Hall,  Augustus. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Iowa,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Hall,  Boiling. — He  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1811 
to  1817;  died  near  Montgomery,  Ala 
bama,  March  25,  1836,  aged  sixty-seven 
years. 

Hall,  Chapin.—VoTn  in  Ellicott, 
Chautauque  County,  New  York,  July 
12,  1816;  received  a  good  English  edu 
cation  ;  has  devoted  his  life  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits  in  connection  with  lumber 
ing  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Hall,  George. — He  was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Connecticut ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in 
1816,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Hall,  Hiland.  —  He  was  born  in 
Bennington,  Vermont,  July  20,  1795. 


He  spent  his  boyhood  on  his  father's 
farm,  receiving,  as  he  could,  a  good 
English  education ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819 ;  in 
1827  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  afterwards,  for  several 
years,  was  State's  Attorney ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1833  to  1843,  officiating 
for  several  sessions  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 
He  was  also  Bank  Commissioner  for 
Vermont,  from  1843  to  1846;  four  years 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1850 
Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury ; 
and  in  1851  was  appointed,  by  President 
Fillmore,  Land  Commissioner  for  Cali 
fornia,  where  he  remained  until  1854. 
He  is  now  residing  on  the  farm  where 
he  was  born,  and  was  elected  Governor 
of  Vermont  in  1858 ;  and  served  as  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Hall,  Joseph.  —  He  was  born  in 
Essex  County,  Massachusetts,  June  26, 
1793;  received  a  limited  education; 
after  leaving  Andover  Academy,  went 
to  Maine,  and  was  a  clerk  in  a  store 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age ;  served 
as  a  Lieutenant  of  militia  in  1813-14; 
from  1817  until  1819  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  ;  was  Sheriff  of  two 
counties  for  twelve  years ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1833  to  1837,  having  been  the  first 
Northern  man  who  voted  against  re 
ceiving  slavery  petitions.  Before  enter 
ing  Congress  he  was  for  four  years 
Postmaster  of  Camden,  Maine;  and,  by 
President  Polk,  was  appointed  Navy 
Agent  of  Boston  in  1849.  He  has  since 
been  connected  with  the  Boston  Custom 
house. 


Hall,  Lawrence    W.  —  He    was 

born  in  Lake  County,  Ohio,  in  1819 ; 
was  educated  in  that  State;  graduated 
at  Hudson  in  1839 ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1843  ;  practised  his  profession 
until  1851,  when  he  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  which 
position  he  held  until  1856,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Agricul 
ture,  and  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds.  During  the  troubles  of  1862 
he  was  imprisoned  for  alleged  disloyalty, 
and  died  soon  after  his  release,  in  Ohio, 
January  26,  1863. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


165 


Hall,  Nathan  K.— Born  March  28, 
1810,  at  Marcellus,  Onondaga  County, 
New  York.  He  read  law  in  the  office 
of  Mr.  (afterwards  President)  Fillmore, 
and  became  his  partner  in  the  practice 
of  their  profession,  at  Buffalo,  Erie 
County,  New  York,  in  1832.  He  has 
held  different  administrative  and  judi 
cial  offices  in  his  native  State,  served  as 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1847  to  1849.  On  Mr.  Fillmore's  acces 
sion  to  the  Presidency,  in  July,  1850, 
he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Post 
master-General. 

Hall,  Obed. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1811  to  1813. 

Hall,  Robert  B. — Born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  January  28,  1812;  was 
educated  for  the  ministry ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1855;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress  in  that  year,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
in  1857,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Hall,  Thomas  H.— Born  in  Edge- 
combe  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1773; 
was  educated  for  the  medical  profession ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1817  to  1825,  and  again  from  1827 
to  1835.  In  1836  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate,  and  voted  against 
the  reception  of  any  of  the  surplus  reve 
nue  of  the  United  States  Treasury  by 
the  State  of  North  Carolina.  He  died 
in  Tarborough,  June  30,  1853. 

Hall,  Willard. — He  was  born  in 
Westford,  Massachusetts,  December  24, 
1780  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1799  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1803  ;  he  removed  to  Dela 
ware  and  practised  his  profession  there; 
in  1811  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  State 
in  Delaware,  and  held  that  office  three 
years ;  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1816,  and  re-elected  in 
1818;  he  was  again  Secretary  of  State 
in  1821  ;  in  1822  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  ;  and  in  1823  was  appointed  by 
President  Monroe  District  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  Delaware ;  in  1829  he 
revised  the  State  Laws  of  Delaware,  and 
in  1831  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention. 


Hall,  Willard  P.— He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  on  taking  up  his  residence 
in  Missouri,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1847  to  1853. 

Hall,  William. — He  was  born  in 
1774,  and  died  in  Sumner  County,  Ten 
nessee,  in  October,  1856.  He  was  a  Ge 
neral  of  Militia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

Hall,  William  A. — He  was  born 
in  Maine ;  taken  to  Virginia  in  early 
childhood ;  and  emigrated  to  Missouri 
in  1841.  In  1844  he  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  ;  in  1847  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  Convention  of  1861 ;  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Missouri, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  in  the 
place  of  J.  B.  Clark,  expelled ;  and  in 
1863  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Roads  and  Canals,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Post-office  Department.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Conven 
tion  of  1864. 

Hallock,  John,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Orange  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York  State,  from  Orange  County,  in 
1816  and  1817,  and  from  1820  to  1821 ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1825  to  1829. 

Halloway,  David  P. — Born  in 
Waynesville,  Warren  County,  Ohio, 
December  6, 1809,  but  removed  with  his 

Sarents  to  Cincinnati  in  1813.  In  1823 
e  went  to  Richmond,  Indiana,  and 
learned  the  printing  business,  and  sub 
sequently  served  four  years  in  the  office 
of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette.  He  com 
menced  the  publication  of  the  Richmond 
Palladium  in  1832,  and  is  still  the  editor. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  to  the  lower 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature  of  In 
diana,  and  in  1844  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  nine  years.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture  during  that  term.  He  w.as 
eight  years  President  of  the  Agricul 
tural  Society  of  Wayne  County.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lin 
coln  Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Halloway,  Ransom. — A  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the  Eighth 


166 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Congressional  District  of  New  York, 
from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  Prince  George  County,  Mary 
land,  April  6,  1851. 

Halsey,  Jehiel  H. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Senate  from  1832 
to  1835,  having  previously  been  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Halsey,  Nicoll. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  from 
Tompkins  County,  in  1824,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Halsey,  Silas. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1805  to  1807,  and  having  previously 
been  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  for 
several  years,  was  subsequently,  for  one 
year,  a  member  of  the  State  Senate. 

Halsted,  William. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  a  candidate  for  elec 
tion  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  and 
although  he  came  with  the  broad  seal 
of  his  State,  he  was  not  admitted. 

Hamer,   Thomas  L. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1833  to  1839,  and  died  at  Monterey, 
Mexico,  while  serving  in  the  war,  De 
cember  3,  1846. 

Hamilton,  A.ndreiv  J. — Born  in 
Madison  County,  Alabama,  January  28, 
1815;  received  a  good  common  school 
education,  spending  his  earlier  years  on 
his  father's  farm.  He  held  for  some 
years  the  position  of  Clerk  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court,  and  did  business  as  a  mer 
chant  ;  he  subsequently  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  ;  in  1846  he  re 
moved  to  Texas,  and  devoted  himself  to 
his  profession.  In  that  State  he  has 
held  the  office  of  Attorney-General; 
served  frequently  in  the  Legislature;  in 
1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Texas 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  In  18G2 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln 
Military  Governor  of  Texas. 

Hamilton,  James.  —  Born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1789; 


was  liberally  educated ;  and  adopted  the 
law  as  a  profession.  In  1812  he  served 
with  distinction  on  the  Canadian  fron 
tier  ;  was  for  several  years  Mayor  of 
Charleston  ;  in  1823  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  from  that  posi 
tion  was  transferred  to  the  National 
House  of  Representatives,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1829.  He  was  subsequently 
chosen  Governor  of  South  Carolina,  and, 
becoming  interested  in  the  Republic  of 
Texas,  helped  to  promote  her  indepen 
dence,  and  went  to  Europe  as  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  from  that  Republic. 
He  did  much  to  promote  the  interests  of 
his  native  city  and  State,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Southern  Quar 
terly  Review,  and  also  of  the  Bank  of 
Charleston.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  Senator  elect  in  Congress,  but 
was  drowned  on  his  passage  to  Texas, 
November  15,  1857,  by  a  collision  be 
tween  the  steamers  Galveston  and  Ope- 
lousas,  having  been  a  passenger  on  board 
the  latter  steamer. 

Hamilton,  John. — He  was  at  one 

time  High  Sheriff  of  Washington  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1805 
to  1807.  He  died  at  home,  August  31, 
1837. 

Hamilton,  William  T.— He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1855. 

Hamlin,  Edward  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1844  to  1845. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.  —  Born  in 
Paris,  Oxford  County,  Maine,  August 
27,  1809 ;  prepared  himself  for  a  colle 
giate  education,  but,  owing  to  his  fa 
ther's  death,  was  obliged  to  take  charge 
of  his  farm,  where  he  remained  until  he 
was  of  age  ;  he  then  spent  a  year  in  a 
printing-office  as  a  compositor  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833,  and  continued  in  active  practice 
until  1848  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature  from  1836  to  1840;  and 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  1837,  1839,  and 
1840;  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Twenty-eighth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress  ; 
was  again  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  the  State  Legislature 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


167 


in  1847;  and  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  May  26,  1848,  for  four 
years,  to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by 
the  decease  of  John  Fairfield.  He  was 
re-elected  for  six  years  in  1851,  and 
elected  Governor  of  Maine,  January  7, 
1857,  resigning  his  seat  in  the  Senate 
and  being  inaugurated  Governor  the 
same  day.  On  the  sixteenth  of  the 
same  month,  was  re-elected  United 
States  Senator  for  six  years,  and  resigned 
the  office  of  Governor,  February  20, 
1857.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Commerce,  and  on 
the  District  of  Columbia.  In  1860  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Kepublican  Party 
as  their  candidate  for  the  office  of  Vice- 
President,  and  was  elected. 

Hammet,   William  J. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia ;  studied  divinity  ; 
was  Chaplain  of  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  when  he  finished  his  education; 
was  at  one  time  Chaplain  of  Congress  ; 
and  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Mississippi,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Hammond,   Edivard. — He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Hammond,  Jabez  D. — He  was  a 

lawyer  and  popular  political  writer  of 
New  York  ;  did  not  receive  a  collegiate 
education,  but  Union  College  conferred 
on  him  the  degree  of  A.  M.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  on  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  of  which  he  was  a 
member  until  1821.  He  visited  Europe, 
in  1830,  to  restore  his  health.  He  was 
elected  County  Judge  in  1838,  and  about 
that  time  commenced  his  "Political 
History  of  the  State  of  New  York. "  In 
1845  he  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Van 
Buren  as  a  Eegent  of  the  University  of 
New  York,  and  held  the  office  until  his 
death.  After  his  return  from  Europe, 
having  withdrawn  in  a  great  measure 
from  public  and  professional  life,  he  de 
voted  himself  to  literary  pursuits,  and 
published  works  entitled  "Julius  Mel- 
bourn,"  "  The  Political  History  of  New 
York,"  and  the  "Life  and  Times  of 
Silas  Wright."  He  died  August  18, 
1855,  in  Cherry  Valley,  New  York,  his 
place  of  residence. 

Hammond,  James  H. — Born  in 


Newbury  District,  South  Carolina,  No 
vember  15,  1807  ;  graduated  at  the  State 
College,  Columbia,  in  1827 ;  practised 
law  from  1828  to  1830 ;  w'as  editor  of 
the  Southern  Times  ;  served  his  native 
State  in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1837; 
after  which  he  visited  Europe  for  his 
health.  In  1841  he  was  appointed  a 
General  of  militia  ;  and  in  1842  elected 
Governor  of  South  Carolina.  After 
spending  about  fifteen  years  in  the  quiet 
enjoyment  of  his  plantation,  on  the 
Savannah  Kiver,  devoting  himself  to 
agricultural  and  literary  pursuits,  he 
was,  in  November,  1857,  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  but  resigned  in 
December,  1860. 

Hammond,  Robert  H. — He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1841.  Died  June  2, 
1647. 

Hammond,  Samuel.  —  Born  in 
Richmond  County,  Virginia,  September 
21,  1757  ;  received  as  good  an  education 
as  the  country  afforded  at  the  time  ; 
when  quite  young  he  volunteered  in  an 
expedition  against  the  Indians  under 
Governor  Dunmore,  and  acquired  dis 
tinction  at  the  battle  of  the  Kanawha  ; 
when  the  Revolution  broke  out  he  dis 
played  great  bravery  and  ability  at  the 
battle  of  Long  Bridge,  at  the  siege  of 
Savannah,  where  he  was  made  Assistant 
Quartermaster  ;  at  the  battle  of  Black 
Stocks,  where  he  had  three  horses  shot 
from  under  him,  and  was  wounded  ;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Capitu 
lation  at  Charleston  ;  was  at  the  battle 
of  King's  Mountain  ;  he  was  also  at  the 
siege  of  Augusta ;  at  the  battle  of  Cow- 
pens  ;  the  battle  of  Euta\v,  where  he 
was  again  badly  wounded  ;  and  also  at 
many  others.  After  the  war  he  settled 
at  Savannah,  and  held  many  positions 
of  trust  and  honor  ;  in  1793  he  headed 
a  volunteer  corps,  and  did  good  service 
in  the  Creek  country  ;  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  Georgia  Legislature ; 
was  one  of  the  early  Governors  of  the 
State  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1803  to 
1805.  He  was  also  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Jefferson,  Military  and  Civil 
Commandant  of  Upper  Louisiana  ;  and 
Receiver  of  Public  Money  in  Missouri. 
He  was  also  President  of  the  Bank  of 
St.  Louis.  In  1824  he  returned  to 
South  Carolina,  and  was  elected  to  the 


168 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Legislature  of  that  State  ;  was  appointed 
Surveyor-General ;  and  in  1831  Secre 
tary  of  State.  He  retired  from  public 
life  in  1835,  and  died  September  11, 
1842,  leaving  behind  a  brilliant  reputa 
tion,  both  as  a  patriot  and  a  man. 

Hammons,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Oxford  County,  Maine,  in  1807 ; 
received  a  limited  education ;  studied 
law  and  commenced  the  practice  in 
Lovell,  Oxford  County,  in  1836 ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  Maine  in  1840 
and  1841  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1847  to 
1849.  Now  living  in  Bethel,  Maine, 
devoted  to  his  profession. 

Hammons,  Joseph. — He   was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1829  to  1833  ;  and 
died  at  Farmington,  in  that  State,  April, 
1836. 

Hampton,  James   G. — He   was 

born  in  New  Jersey ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1835 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1845  to  1849. 

Hampton,  Moses.— Born  in  Bea 
ver  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  28, 
1803,  but  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  so  that  his  op 
portunities  for  even  a  common  school 
education  were  limited ;  he,  however, 
by  his  own  exertions,  obtained  a  classi 
cal  education,  and  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College,  Pennsylvania.  He  stu 
died  law  at  Uniontown,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1829,  and  commenced 
to  practise  in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  until  1838,  and  then 
went  to  Pittsburg,  and  pursued  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  From  1847  to 
1851,  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In 
1853,  he  was  elected  President  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  for  Alleghany  Coun 
ty,  and  still  holds  that  office. 

Hampton,  Wade. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina  in  1755 ;  he  took  an 
active  part  in  the  war  of  the  Revolu 
tion  ;  commanded'  a  brigade  in  1812  on 
the  Northern  frontier ;  he  spent  the 
larger  part  of  his  life  engaged  in  agri 
cultural  pursuits,  by  which  he  amassed 
a  very  large  fortune,  having  been  called 
the  richest  planter  in  the  United  States  ; 


and  he  died  at  Columbia,  South  Caro 
lina,  February  4,  1834. 

Hanchett,  Luther. — Was  born  in 
Portage  County,  Ohio,  October  25, 1825 ; 
received  a  good  education  at  Fremont ; 
studied  law  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  when  twenty-one  years  of  age ; 
emigrated  to  Wisconsin  in  1849  ;  spent 
some  time  engaged  in  the  lead  and  lum 
bering  business ;  was  four  years  District 
Attorney  for  Portage  County,  in  his 
adopted  State  ;  from  18C3  to  1860  was  a 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  Senate  ;  and 
in  1860  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Wisconsin,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Expenditures,  and  Private 
Land  Claims.  Died  at  Madison,  Wis 
consin,  November  26,  1862. 

HancocJc,  George. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1793  to  1797.  He  served  as  a  Co 
lonel  in  the  Revolution  ;  was  greatly 
beloved  by  his  associates,  and  died  at 
Fotheringay,  Virginia,  August  1,  1820, 
in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

Hand9  Augustus  C. — He   was  a 

member  of  the  State  Senate  of  New 
York,  from  Essex  County,  from  1845  to 
1848,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1839  to  1841.  His  native  State 
was  Vermont. 

Hanna,  John  A.. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1797  to  1805. 

Hanna.  Robert. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1816  ;  a  General  of  militia  ; 
was  for  many  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  by  appointment,  from  1831  to 
1832 ;  took  an  active  part  for  many 
years  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  State  ; 
and  was  killed  by  the  cars,  while  walk 
ing  on  the  track  of  a  railroad  at  India 
napolis,  November  19,  1858. 

Hannegan9  Edward  A. — He  was 

born  in  Ohio,  but  spent  his  boyhood  in 
Kentucky  ;  received  a  good  education, 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  his  twenty-third  year,  settling  in  In 
diana.  He  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1833  to  1837,  and  a  Senator  in  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


169 


gress,  from  1843  to  1849,  officiating  a 
part  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Koads  and  Canals,  and  on  En 
rolled  Bills.  On  his  retirement  from 
the  Senate,  he  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Prussia,  and  on  his  return  from  Eu 
rope,  took  up  his  residence  in  Missouri. 
He  died  at  St.  Louis,  February  25, 
1859. 

Hanson,  Alexander  Contee. — 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  at 
one  time  edited  a  political  newspaper 
called  the  Federal  Republican,  first  in 
Baltimore  and  then  at  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  He  was  a  bitter  op 
ponent  of  the  administration,  and  in 
1812  published  an  article,  which  so  irri 
tated  the  populace,  that  his  printing- 
office  in  Baltimore  was  destroyed.  He 
resolved  to  reissue  the  paper,  and  took 
possession  of  a  house  for  that  purpose, 
supported  by  several  political  friends, 
well  armed ;  the  paper  appeared  next 
morning  with  an  article  against  the 
people  and  police  of  Baltimore,  and  in 
the  evening  the  house  was  attacked  by 
a  mob,  which  was,  however,  repelled ; 
but  Mr.  Hanson  and  his  friends  were 
obliged  to  surrender  to  the  civil  au 
thorities,  for  security,  and  were  con 
ducted  to  jail.  That  building  was  also 
attacked,  and  he  was  thrown  in  front  of 
the  jail,  with  others,  and  left  by  the 
mob,  supposed  to  be  dead.  Then  it  was 
that  he  issued  his  paper  in  Georgetown. 
He  afterwards  settled  in  Baltimore,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1813  to  1816,  when 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  at  Belmont,  April  23, 
1819,  aged  thirty-three  years. 

Haralson,  Hugh  A. — Born  in 
Greene  County,  Georgia,  November, 
13,  1805.  He  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Georgia,  in  1825,  and  adopted  the 
law  as  a  profession,  having,  by  an  act 
of  the  Legislature,  been  permitted  to 
practise  before  he  was  twenty-one.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Georgia  Legislature,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1851. 
He  died  at  home  in  October,  1854.  He 
also  participated  in  the  military  affairs 
of  the  State,  and  was  a  Major-General 
of  militia ;  and  when  in  Congress,  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Aifairs. 

Hard,  Qideon. — He  was  a  Repre 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  a  Senator  from 
that  State,  from  1842  to  1847. 

Hardeman,   Thomas,  Jr. — He 

was  born  in  Bibb  County,  Georgia, 
January  12,  1825,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Mileage.  He  had  before  served 
in  the  State  Legislature.  Joined  the 
Great  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Hardin,   Benjamin.  —  He    was 

born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1815  to 
1817,  from  1819  to  1823,  and  again  from 
1833  to  1837,  and  died  at  Bardstown, 
Kentucky,  September  24,  1852. 

Hardin,  John  J. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  having  removed  to 
Illinois,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1845.  Died  in 
February,  1847. 

Hardin,  Martin  D. — He  was  born 
on  the  Monongahela  River,  "Western 
Pennsylvania,  June  21,  1780.  He  was 
educated  chiefly  at  Transylvania  Semi 
nary,  in  Kentucky  ;  studied  law ;  served 
for  several  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky ;  was  at  one  time  Secretary 
of  State  for  Kentucky ;  served  in  the 
Northwestern  army  as  a  Major;  and 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  during  the 
years  1816  and  1817.  He  had  a  superior 
mind,  and  as  a  lawyer  was  eminently 
successful.  He  died  in  Franklin  County, 
Kentucky,  October  8,  1823. 

Harding,  Aaron. — Was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Kentucky ;  spent  his 
boyhood  on  a  farm ;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1833,  locating  in 
Greene  County  ;  in  1840  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1861  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Ken 
tucky,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Harding,  Benjamin  F. — Born 
in  Wyoming  County,  Pennsylvania, 
January  4,  1823  ;  studied  law  in  his  na 
tive  county,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1847  ;  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1848,  and 
during  the  following  year  settled  in 


12 


170 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Oregon  ;  in  1850  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly ;  in  1851 
was  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Legislative  As 
sembly  ;  in  1852  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Legislature,  and  made  Speaker.  In 
1853  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Pierce  United  States  District  Atorney 
for  the  Territory  of  Oregon;  in  1854 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Terri 
tory,  which  office  he  held  until  Oregon 
was  admitted  as  a  State.  From  1859  to 
1862  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le- 

§islature,  serving  the  two  last  years  as 
peaker ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Oregon,  tak 
ing  his  seat  during  the  third  session  of 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  aerving  on 
the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and 
that  on  Public  Lands. 

Harlan,  Aaron. — He  was  born  in 
Warren  County,  Ohio,  September  8, 
1802 ;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1825;  in 
1831  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1838  and  1839 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1844,  from  Ohio; 
in  1849  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Senate ;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention ;  and 
in  1852  he  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  serve  the  people  of  his  native 
district  until  the  close  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Harlan,  Andrew  J.  —  He  was 

born  in  Chester,  Clinton  County,  Ohio, 
March  29,  1815  ;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation  ;  studied  law,  but  abandoned  the 
practice  for  politics ;  in  1842  he  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Indiana  House  of 
Kepresentatives  ;  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  in  1846,  1847,  and  1848;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1849  to  1851, 
and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

Harlan9  James. — Born  in  Mercer 
County,  Kentucky,  June  22,  1800 ;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  education,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  from 
1817  to  1821.  He  then  commenced  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1823.  In  1829  he  was  ap 
pointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the 
Circuit  in  which  he  resided,  and  held 
the  office  four  years.  In  1835  he  was 


elected  a  Representative  to  Congress 
from  Kentucky,  and  in  1837  he  was  re- 
elected  ;  during  the  last  session  he  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  for  Inves 
tigating  Defalcations.  From  1840  to 
1844  he  was  Secretary  of  State  of  Ken 
tucky.  In  1845  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the  Legislature  ;  and  in 
1850  he  was  appointed  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  that  State,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Frank 
fort,  Kentucky,  February  18,  1863. 

Harlan.  James. — Born  in  Clarke 
County,  Illinois,  August  26,  1820 ;  gra 
duated  at  Indiana  University  in  1845 ; 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  Superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  the 
State  of  Iowa  in  1847 ;  President  of 
Iowa  Wesleyan  University  in  1853 ; 
and  was  elected  a  United  States  Sena 
tor  in  1854,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress 
of  1861.  Re-elected  to  the  Senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1867,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands. 

Harmanson,  John  H. — Born  in 
Norfolk,  Virginia,  in  January,  1803. 
He  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College, 
Mississippi,  and  having  removed  to 
Louisiana,  devoted  himself  first  to  one 
of  the  mechanic  arts,  then  to  law,  and 
afterwards  to  agriculture.  He  served 
in  the  State  Senate  in  1844 ;  and  was 
elected  to  the  National  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1845,  and  re-elected  in 
1847  and  1849,  ever  keeping  a  watchful 
eye  upon  the  interests  of  his  adopted 
State,  and  proposed  in  Congress  a  pro 
ject  to  secure  a  grant  from  the  United 
States  to  Louisiana  of  all  the  sub 
merged  lands  in  that  State,  with  a  view 
to  their  redemption  from  that  condition, 
and  thus  promoting  the  public  health. 
He  died  in  New  Orleans,  October  25, 
1850. 

Harper,  Alexander. —Re    was 

born  in  Ireland,  and  having  emigrated 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1839,  from 
1843  to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Harper,  Francis  J.  —  He    was 

elected  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  but  died  before  taking 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


171 


his  seat,  March  18,  1837,  aged  thirty- 
eight  years. 

Harper,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Ireland,  and  having  emigrated  to  Penn 
sylvania,  was  elected  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  1833  to  1837. 

Harper,  John  A. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1811  to  1813. 

Harper,  Joseph  M.  —  Born  in 
Limerick,  Maine,  June  21,  1787  ;  com 
menced  active  life  by  working  on  his 
father's  farm  in  summer,  and  going  to 
the  district  school  in  winter ;  he  was 
also  at  the  Fryeburg  Academy,  and 
taught  school ;  he  studied  medicine  and 
law,  and  practised  both  professions  ;  he 
was  a  judge,  at  one  time,  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1831  to 
1835.  In  1858  was  President  of  the 
Mechanics'  Bank,  Concord. 

Harper,  Robert  G. — He  was  born 
near  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  in  1765; 
was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College  in 
1785,  and  for  a  time  a  teacher  in  that 
institution ;  removing  to  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  he  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  State  ;  he  was 
a  leading  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1794  to  1801 ; 
he  subsequently  removed  to  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  during  the  years 
1815  and  1816 ;  in  1819  he  visited  Europe, 
and,  on  his  return,  devoted  himself  to 
the  cause  of  the  Colonization  Society, 
and  to  literary  pursuits,  publishing  a 
number  of  interesting  addresses  and 
papers,  which  were  subsequently  col 
lected  in  a  volume.  He  served  with 
credit  in  the  war  of  1812,  having  at 
tained  the  rank  of  Major-General.  He 
died  suddenly,  January  15,  1825,  having 
been  engaged  the  preceding  day  in  the 
Circuit  Court. 

Harper,  Wittiam. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  South  Carolina ;  born  January 
17,  1790;  graduated  at  the  South  Caro 
lina  College  in  1808,  and  became  one  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that  institution 
in  1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  Lower  House. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 


South  Carolina,  during  the  year  1826, 
and  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  that 
State  in  1835.  He  was,  in  1830,  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and 
for  a  time  State  Reporter.  For  domes 
tic  reasons,  he  spent  a  few  years  in  Mis 
souri,  from  1818  to  1823,  and  while  in 
that  State  was  made  Chancellor  of  the 
State.  He  was  an  eminent  jurist,  and 
died  October  10,  1847. 

Harrington,  Henry  W.  —  Was 

born  in  Otsego  County,  New  York,  Sep 
tember  12,  1825;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1849;  in  1856  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  Indiana,  and  continued 
the  prosecution  of  his  profession  there; 
after  serving  in  a  local  Convention,  he 
was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston 
Convention  in  1860;  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims. 

Harris,  Benjamin   Gtvinn.— 

Born  near  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Maryland,  December  13,  1806  ; 
after  receiving  an  academical  education 
at  Charlotte  Hall,  he  spent  a  few  months 
in  St.  Mary's  College,  and  went  to  Yale 
College,  from  which  he  was  dismissed 
with  one  hundred  and  forty  others,  in 
1829,  on  account  of  their  seceding  from 
Commons  Hall ;  and  although  a  compact 
was  entered  into  that  they  would  not  re 
turn  unless  their  wishes  were  respected, 
all  of  them  did  return,  excepting  Mr. 
Harris  and  one  other,  a  Georgian.  He 
subsequently  spent  fourteen  months  at 
the  Cambridge  Law  School,  and  then 
settled  in  his  native  county  as  a  lawyer. 
In  1832  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Maryland,  and  re-elected 
in  1833, 1836, 1849, 1852,  and  1856.  With 
his  profession  and  public  duties  he  ever 
combined  agricultural  pursuits;  and  in 
1863  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Maryland,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures.  He  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Harris,  Charles  M. — He  was  born 
in  Munfordsville,  Hart  County,  Ken 
tucky,  April  10,  1821 ;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law;  and  having  become  a 
citizen  of  Illinois,  he  was  elected,  in 
1862,  a  Representative,  from  that  State, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 


172 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


on  the  Committees  on  Public  Expendi 
tures,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department. 

Harris,    Ira. — He   was    born   in 

Charleston,  Montgomery  County,  New 
York,  May  31,  1802,  tracing  his  lineage 
to  the  colony  of  Roger  Williams ;  when 
a  boy,  he  labored  upon  a  farm  in  sum 
mer  and  attended  school  in  winter ;  in 
his  seventeenth  year  he  entered  Cortland 
Academy,  to  prepare  for  college;  gra 
duated  at  Union  College  in  1824 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Al 
bany,  where  he  settled.  For  seventeen 
years  he  devoted  his  whole  attention  to 
his  profession,  in  which  he  was  emi 
nently  successful,  avoiding  all  political 
entanglements.  In  1844  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  re-elected  in 
1845;  was  a  Delegate  in  1846  to  the  Con 
vention  for  revising  the  Constitution  of 
the  State ;  before  the  Convention  ad 
journed  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
in  1847  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  and  held  the  position  twelve 
years  and  a  half;  and  in  1861  he  was 
elected,  for  six  years,  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims,  and  member  of  the  Committees 
on  the  Judiciary,  and  Foreign  Rela 
tions. 

Harris,  Isham  G. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

Harris,  J.  Morrison. — Born  in 
the  city  of  Baltimore,  in  1821 ;  was 
educated  at  Lafayette  College,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  studied  law,  being  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  He  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1848,  and  in  1855  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Mary 
land,  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  returned  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  in  1857,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Mileage.  Also  elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Harris,  John. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1807 
to  1809. 

Harris,  John  T. — Born  in  Albe- 
marleCounty, Virginia,  in  1823;  received 
a  good  English  education,  going  to  school 


and  working  on  his  father's  farm  alter 
nately;  taught  school  for  a  while;  studied 
law,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  in 
1845;  was  a  State  Elector  in  1848,  1851, 
and  1855 ;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852 
and  1856;  was  twice  elected  Attorney 
for  the  Commonwealth ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Virginia,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  on  the  Pub 
lic  Buildings. 

Harris,  Mark. — He  was  born  in 
Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  in  1779;  re 
moved  to  Portland  in  1800;  went  into 
trade  as  a  grocer ;  took  an  active  part 
in  politics;  held  the  offices  of  County 
and  State  Treasurer  for  twenty  years ; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1816  and  1819 ; 
a  State  Councillor  in  1820;  served  also 
in  the  State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1822  to  1823.  Died  in  New  York, 
March  2,  1843. 

Harris,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1823  to  1827. 

Harris,  Sampson  W. — Born  in 

Elbert  County,  Georgia,  February  23, 
1809,  and  died  in  Washington  City, 
April  1,  1857.  He  graduated  at  Frank 
lin  College  in  1828;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law ;  served  one  term  in  the 
Georgia  Legislature,  and  then  removed 
to  Alabama.  He  was  there  appointed 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  State;  and 
in  1847  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  where  he 
continued  until  his  death. 

Harris,  Thomas  K. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Harris,  Thomas  L. — He  was  born 
in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  October  29, 
1816;  graduated  at  Trinity  College, 
Hartford*,  in  1841 ;  studied  law,  in  Con 
necticut,  with  Governor  Isaac  Toucey  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Virginia, 
in  1842,  and  during  that  year  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Petersburg,  Menard  County,  Illinois.  In 
1845  he  was  chosen  School  Commissioner 
for  his  county;  and  in  1846  he  raised 
and  commanded  a  company,  and  joined 
the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volun 
teers  to  serve  in  the  war  with  Mexico ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


173 


he  was  afterwards  elected  Major  of  the 
regiment,  and,  owing  to  the  sickness  of 
his  superior  officers,  was  chief  in  com 
mand  during  most  of  the  campaign. 
He  was  at  the  taking  of  Vera  Cruz,  and 
served  in  the  navy  battery  with  a  de 
tachment  during  the  day  of  its  terrible 
fire ;  was  also  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and  after 
the  wounding  of  General  Shields  took 
command  of  the  regiment,  and  was 
honorably  mentioned  in  Government 
despatches,  for  placing  a  twenty-four 
pounder  battering  cannon  on  the  heights 
of  Cerro  Gordo,  during  the  night  pre 
ceding  the  battle.  While  absent  in  the 
army,  in  1846,  he  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  in  1848 
was  chosen  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  through  the  Thirty-first, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress ;  during  his  second  term  he 
officiated  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections.  He  took  a  special  inte 
rest  in  the  election  in  Illinois  when  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress  ;  and  it  is  supposed  that,  owing  to 
his  declining  health,  the  efforts  he  made 
to  attend  the  polls  were  the  more  imme 
diate  cause  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Springfield,  Illinois,  November  24, 
1858.  His  disease  was  pulmonary  con 
sumption. 

Harris,  W.  L. — He  was  appointed, 
by  the  acting  Governor  of  Mississippi, 
in  1851,  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  caused  by  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  J.  Davis;  but  the  writer  is  not 
certain  that  he  occupied  his  seat  in  the 
Senate. 

Harris,  Wiley  P. — He  was  born 

in  Mississippi,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Harris,  William  A. — He  was  born 
in  Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  August 
8,  1805;  received  a  classical  education; 
he  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and 
practised  it  for  ten  years ;  he  was  twice 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  editor, 
for  several  years,  of  a  journal  called  the 
Spectator,  and  subsequently  of  the  Con 
stitution  ;  and  in  1845  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  Charge  d'Affaires  to 
Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  remained  until 
1851.  After  the  election  of  Mr.  Bucha 
nan  to  the  Presidency,  he  became  the 


editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Washing 
ton  Union,  which  continued  in  his  pos 
session  until  he  was  elected  Printer  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  which  office 
he  held  for  two  years.  In  1854  he  re 
moved  to  Missouri,  and  died  in  Pike 
County,  March  28,  1864. 

Harrison,  Albert  G. — He  was  a 

native  of  Kentucky ;  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  and  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1835  to  1839.  He 
died  at  Fulton,  Missouri,  September  7, 
1839,  highly  esteemed. 

Harrison,  Carter  B. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1793  to  1799. 

Harrison,  John  S. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1857. 

Harrison,  Richard  A. — He  was 

born  in  England  in  1827,  and  emigrated 
to  Ohio  in  1836;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education ;  served  for  a  time  in  a 
printing-office  in  Clarke  County;  gra 
duated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in 
1846 ;  in  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
House  of  Representatives  ;  subsequently 
to  the  State  Senate ;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions,' 
and  the  Militia. 

Harrison,  S.  S. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1833 
to  1837. 

Harrison,   William  Henry. — 

Was  born  in  Charles  County,  Virginia, 
February  9,  1773 ;  was  educated  at 
Hampden  Sydney  College,  and  after 
wards  studied  medicine.  He  received, 
from  Washington,  a  military  commis 
sion  in  1791,  and  fought  under  Wayne 
in  1792.  After  the  battle  of  Miami 
Rapids,  he  was  made  Captain,  and 
placed  in  command  of  Fort  Washing 
ton.  In  1797  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  Northwest  Territory ;  and 
in  1799  and  1800  he  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress.  Being  appointed  Governor 
of  Indiana,  he  was  also  Superintendent 
of  Indian  Affairs,  and  negotiated  thir 
teen  treaties.  He  gained  a  great  vic 
tory  in  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  No- 


174 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


vember  7,  1811.  In  the  war  with  Great 
Britain  he  was  commander  of  the  North 
west  army,  and  was  distinguished  in  the 
defence  of  Fort  Meigs,  and  the  victory 
of  the  Thames.  From  1816  to  1819,  he' 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio;  and  from  1825  to  1828,  United 
States  Senator.  In  1828  he  was  Minis 
ter  to  the  Kepuhlic  of  Colombia ;  and 
on  his  return  he  resided  upon  his  farm, 
at  North  Bend,  Ohio.  In  1840  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  United  States, 
by  234  votes  out  of  294,  and  inaugura 
ted  March  4,  1841.  He  died  in  the  Pre 
sidential  mansion,  April  4,  1841. 

Hart,  Emamiel  JS. — Born  in  New 
York  City,  October  29,  1811;  entered 
early  upon  a  mercantile  occupation ; 
went  to  the  Spanish  Main  as  a  supercargo, 
and  settled  in  New  York  as  a  commis 
sion  merchant ;  served  for  a  time  in  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  ;  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1853 ;  he 
was  at  one  time  a  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  State  militia  ;  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Surveyor  of 
the  Port  of  New  York.  Mr.  Hart  has 
also  frequently  been  a  member  of  the 
State  and  National  Conventions  of  the 
Democratic  party. 

Hartley,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Heading,  Pennsylvania ;  served  in 
the  Revolutionary  war  as  a  Colonel 
from  1776  to  1779;  was  a  lawyer  of  emi 
nence  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1789 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  York, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1800. 

Harvey,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 
in  Merrimack  County,  New  Hampshire ; 
served  seven  years  in  the  two  Houses  of 
the  State  Legislature;  was  President  of 
the  Senate  from  1817  to  1823;  was  a 
State  Councillor  from  1823  to  1825; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1825  to  1831, 
during  his  last  term  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
Died  in  Sutton,  New  Hampshire,  Au 
gust  23,  1859,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

Harvey,  Matthew. — He  was  born 
in  Hillsborough  County,  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  was  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature ; 
Speaker  of  the  House  from  1818  to  1821, 
and  President  of  the  Senate  from  1825 
to  1828;  a  State  Councillor  in  1828; 


Governor  of  the  State  in  1830;  and  in 
1831  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court.  His  services  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  were  rendered  from  1821  to 
1825. 

HasbroucJc,  Abraham. — He  was 

a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Ulster  County,  in  1781  and  1782, 
and  again  in  1811 ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1813  to  1815; 
and  State  Senator  in  1822. 

Hasbrouck,  Abraliam  B. — He 

graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1810 ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1827.  He  was 
a  native  of  Ulster  County,  New  York ; 
but  he  spent  a  few  years  of  his  life  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  President  of  Rut 
gers  College,  which  office  he  resigned. 

Hasbrouck,  Josiah. — He  was  for 

four  years  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1803  to 
1805,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 

Hascall,  Augustus  JP. — He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts ;  and  wTas  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Haskell,   William   T.— He    was 

born  in  Tennessee,  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  he  commanded,  as  Colonel,  a 
regiment  of  Tennessee  volunteers,  in 
the  late  war  with  Mexico,  having  dis 
tinguished  himself  at  Medelin  and  at 
Cerro  Gordo;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1847 
to  1849.  He  died  at  Hopkinsville,  Ten 
nessee,  March  20,  1859. 

Haskin,  John  J5. — Born  at  Ford- 
ham,  Westch ester  County,  New  York, 
August  7,  1821 ;  educated  at  a  public 
school  in  New  York  City  ;  he  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession;  held  several  impor 
tant  city  offices  from  1846  to  1856,  and 
was  then  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  New  York, 
officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment  ;  and  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


175 


Hastings,  George. — He  was  born 

in  Clinton,  Oneida  County,  New  York, 
March  13, 1807  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College  in  1826  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830  ;  he  was 
District  Attorney  for  Oneida  County 
nine  years  ;  and  he  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1853  to  1855.  Late  ki  the  latter  year 
he  was  elected  Judge  for  Livingston 
County,  which  office  he  mow  holds. 

Hastings,,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1839  to  1843,  and  died  at  Colum 
bus,  December  29,  1854. 

Hastings,  L.  Clinton. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Iowa, 
from  1846  to  1847. 

Hastings,  Seth.—Ke  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1782  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1801  to  1807.  After  his 
service  in  Congress,  he  was  elected  a 
State  Senator  in  1810  and  1814  ;  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Sessions ;  and  died  in  1831,  aged  seventy 
years,  at  Mendon,  Massachusetts. 

Hastings,  William  Soden. — He 

was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  Massachusetts,  in  the  Senate 
from  1829  to  1834,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1842.  He  died  at  the  Sul 
phur  Springs,  Virginia,  June  17,  1842. 

Hatch,  Israel  T. — He  was  born  in 
New  York ;  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1852  ;  and  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Militia,  and  as  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Engraving. 
In  1859  he  was  appointed,  by  President" 
Buchanan,  to  examine  and  report  upon 
the  working  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty, 
and  a  few  weeks  later  was  appointed 
Postmaster  at  Buffalo. 

Hathaway,  S.  G. — He  was,  for 
three  years,  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  New  York,  one  year  a  State  Senator, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Hathorn,  John. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate  of  New  York  in 
1787 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  New  York,  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
again  from  1795  to  1797  ;  and  was  again 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1804. 

Batten,  Robert. — Born  in  Sum- 
ner  County,  Tennessee,  in  1827 ;  gra 
duated  at  Cambridge  University  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1849  ;  served  in  the  Tennessee  Legis 
lature  in  1856 ;  and  in  1859  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Tennessee,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy 
Department.  He  served  in  the  Rebel 
lion  of  1861,  and  was  killed  at  the  bat 
tle  before  Richmond  in  1862. 

Haun,  H.  P. — Born  in  Scott  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky  ;  read  law  at  the  Transyl 
vania  University  of  that  State,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839  ;  he  was  for 
a  time  Attorney  for  his  native  county  ; 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1845,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  Constitution  of  that  State  in  1846 ; 
removed  to  California  in  1850,  and  was 
there  elected  a  County  Judge ;  and  in 
1859  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  California,  for  the  unwtpired  term 
of  the  late  Mr.  Broderick.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  In 
dian  Affairs,  and  on  Territories.  Died 
at  Marysville,  California,  May  6,  1860. 

Haven,  Jonathan  N. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1777,  and  was 
for  nine  years  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Suffolk  County, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1795  to  1799,  the  year  of  his  death. 

Haven,  Nathaniel  A. — He  was  a 

native  of  New  Hampshire ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1779 ;  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1809  to  1811,  and  died  March, 
1831,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Haven,  Solomon  G. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1857.  Died  at  Buffalo,  New  York, 
December  24,  1862. 

Hawes,  Albert  G. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1831  tc^!837,  and  died  in 
Davis  County,  Kentucky,  April  14, 
1849. 

Hawes,  Aylett. — Was  a  Represen- 


176 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1811  to  1817.  He  was  a  physician  by 
profession,  and  died  in  Culpeper  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  August  31,  1833. 

Halves,  HicJiard. — He  was  born 
in  Caroline  County,  Virginia,  February 
6,  1797 ;  removed  with  his  family  to 
Kentucky  in  1810  ;  received  a  good  col 
legiate  education ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature  in  1828,  1829,  and 
1836  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1837  to 
1841. 

Hawkins,  Benjamin. — Born  in 
Yates  County,  North  Carolina,  August 
15,  1754 ;  was  educated  at  Princeton 
College ;  and  was  an  excellent  French 
scholar,  which  occasioned  his  becoming 
a  personal  friend  of  Washington,  that 
he  might  act  as  interpreter  in  his  inter 
course  with  the  French  officers  of  his 
army.  He  was  with  him  at  the  battle 
of  Monmouth.  In  1780  he  was  chosen 
Commercial  Agent  by  the  Legislature 
of  North  Carolina ;  and  from  1781  to 
1784,  and  1T86  to  1787,  he  was  a  Dele 
gate  in  the  First  Congress ;  and  as 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  under 
the  Constitution,  from  North  Carolina, 
he  served  from  1789  to  1795  ;  and  hav 
ing  been  appointed,  by  Washington, 
Agent  for  Superintending  all  the  In 
dians  south  of  the  Ohio,  he  retained 
that  office  until  his  death, — having  ten 
dered  his  resignation,  without  its  being 
accepted,  to  each  successive  President, 
from  1796  to  1816.  He  was  a  man  of 
superior  abilities  and  lofty  character, 
and  left  behind  him  some  valuable  writ 
ings  on  "  Topography,"  and  "  Indian 
Character."  He  died  June  6,  1816. 

Hawkins.   George  £.  — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and,  having  become 
a  citizen  of  Florida,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and 
Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  from  that  State, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  and  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Hawkins^  Joseph. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  tg!831. 

Hawkins,  Joseph  W. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1814  to  1815. 


Hawkins,  M.  I7.— He  entered  pub 
lic  life,  in  1819,  as  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Commons  of  North  Carolina  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from 
1823  to  1827 ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1831  to  1841.  He  served  again  in  the 
State  Senate  in  1846.  He  was  also  at 
one  time  a  General  of  militia. 

Hawks,  JJBhn. — He  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1821  to  1823. 

Haws,  J.   H.  Hobart.—Ke  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Hay,  Andrew  K. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and,  having  become 
a  resident  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Hayden,  Moses. — He  was  born  in 
Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Senate  in  1829  and  1830,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1827. 

Haymond,  Thomas  S.— He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1851. 

Hayne,  Arthur  P.— He  was  born 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  March 
12,  1790,  received  a  good  education,  and 
commenced  active  life  in  a  counting- 
house.  He  early  formed  an  attachment 
for  military  life,  and,  on  entering  the 
army,  rendered  good  service  during  the 
last  war  with  England,  at  Sackett's 
Harbor,  as  First  Lieutenant;  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  as  Major  of  cavalry;  in 
the  Creek  Nation,  as  Inspector-General, 
and  also  at  the  storming  of  Pensacola, 
and  at  New  Orleans.  After  the  war  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Pennsylvania.  During  the  Flo 
rida  war  he  was  again  called  into  the 
field,  and  had  command  of  the  Tennes 
see  volunteers,  and  he  retired  from  the 
army  in  1820.  He  subsequently  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina, 
and  was  chosen  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1832,  voting  for  Jackson ;  and  he 
was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  South  Carolina, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ill 


in  May,  1858,  in  the  place  of  Senator 
Evans. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y. — He  was  born 
near  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  No 
vember  10,  1791 ;  his  early  advantages 
for  education  were  limited  ;  he  studied 
law  with  Langdon  Cheves,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  before  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  attaining  a  high  rank 
as  a  lawyer.  In  the  war  of  1812  he 
held  the  commission  of  Lieutenant.  In 
1814  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  in  1818  Speaker,  and  was 
also  Attorney-General  of  the  State. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1823,  and  continued  there 
until  1832.  In  1832,  as  a  member  of 
the  "Union  and  State  Rights  Conven 
tion"  of  South  Carolina,  he  reported 
the  ordinance  of  Nullification,  and  was 
soon  afterwards  elected  Governor  of  the 
State.  He  was  subsequently  Mayor  of 
Charleston,  and  President  of  the  Charles 
ton,  Louisville,  and  Cincinnati  Railroad 
Company.  He  died  at  Ashville,  North 
Carolina,  September  24,  1839.  His  abi 
lities  were  of  a  high  order,  and  he  ac 
quired  distinction  by  his  participation 
in  a  debate  in  the  Senate  with  Daniel 
Webster. 

Haynes,    Charles   E. —  He   was 

born  in  Brunswick,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1835  to  1839. 

Hays,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

Hays,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Hayivood  William  H.,  Jr.— Born 

in  Wake  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1801;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1819 ;  studied  law ; 
entered  public  life  as  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Commons  in  1834,  continuing 
there  three  years;  in  1836  was  Speaker 
of  the  House ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Hazard,    Nathaniel.  —  He    was 

born  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  1819  to  1821.  Died  Decem 
ber  17, 1820,  in  Washington  City. 

Hazelthie,    Abner.  —  He  was    a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1829  and  1830,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837. 

Healey,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Cheshire,  New  Hampshire ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims.  He  was  also  a  State 
Councillor  from  1829  to  1832,  and  State 
Senator  in  1824. 

Heath,  James  P. — He  was  born 
in  Delaware,  December  21,  1777.  In 
1799  he  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in 
the  regiment  of  artillerists  and  engi 
neers,  which  he  resigned  in  1802 ;  he 
was  Register  in  Chancery,  at  Annapolis, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  war  of 
1812;  he  served  through  the  whole  war 
as  aide-de-camp  to  General  Winder ;  in 
1838  he  was  wrecked  on  the  steamer 
Pulaski,  and  spent  five  days  and  nights 
afloat  upon  a  piece  of  the  wreck  ;  when 
nineteen  years  of  age  he  fought  a  duel 
with  John  Knight,  and  received  a  ball 
which  never  left  him ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1833  to  1835,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
He  died  in  Georgetown,  June  12,  1854. 

Heath,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1793  to  1797. 

Hebard,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  having  settled  in 
Vermont,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853.  He  was  also  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  from  1842  to  1845 ;  Judge 
of  Probate  for  seven  years  ;  served  seven 
years  in  the  two  houses  of  the  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  two  years  Attorney  for 
Randolph  County. 

Heister,  Daniel. — He  was  a  native 
of  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1789  to  1796,  having  re 
signed. 

Heister,  Daniel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary- 


178 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


land,  from  1801  to  1804.  He  died 
March  8,  1804. 

Heister,  Daniel. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Chester 
Countv,  Pennsylvania,  from  1809  to 
1811.  " 

Heister,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1807  to  1809,  and  father  of 
Daniel  Heister,  of  Chester  County. 

Heister,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 

Reading,  Pennsylvania,  November  18, 
1752  ;  was  a  General  in  the  Revolution 
ary  war,  having  organized  a  company 
at  his  own  expense,  which  fought  on 
Long  Island,  where  he  was  wounded 
and  taken  prisoner.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Pennsylvania  Legisla 
ture  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
and  served  for  several  years ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  State  Constitution,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1797  to  1805,  and  again  from  1815 
to  1820.  He  was  Governor  from  1820 
to  1823,  and  died  in  Reading,  June  10, 
1832. 

Heister,  William. — He  was,  for 
many  years,  an  active  politician,  and  a 
leader  of  the  Anti-masonic  party.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  re 
vise  the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1831  to  1837.  He  died 
October  14,  1853,  in  Pennsylvania,  aged 
sixty-two  years. 

Helmick,  William.  —  Born  in 
Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  September  6, 
1817  ;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  taught  school  for  seven  years; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1845 ;  in  1851  he  was  elected  a 
Prosecuting  Attorney ;  and  in  1858  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads.  He  subsequently 
accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  Interior  De 
partment. 

Helms,    William.  —  He    was    an 

officer  in  the  Revolutionary  army ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1801  to  1811 ;  and  remov 
ing  to  Tennessee,  died  there  at  an  ad 
vanced  a;-".1. 


Hemphill,  John. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Texas,  from  1859 
until  that  State  seceded,  when  he  be 
came  identified  with  the  Great  Rebel 
lion.  Expelled  from  the  Senate  in  July, 
1861. 

Hemphill,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  leading  member  of  the  old 
Federal  party ;  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  of  Pennsylvania  in  Congress,  from 
1801  to  1803,  again  from  1819  to  1827, 
and  from  1829  to  1831.  He  distinguish 
ed  himself  particularly  by  a  speech  on 
the  Judiciary  Bill  in  180f ;  and  was  for 
some  time  Judge  of  the  District  Court 
of  Philadelphia.  He  died  in  Philadel 
phia,  May  29,  1842,  aged  seventy-two 
years. 

Hempstead,  Edward. — He  was 

born  in  New  London,  Connecticut, 
June  3,  1780 ;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation  from  private  tutors,  and  having 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1801.  After  spending  three  years  in 
Rhode  Island  practising  his  profession, 
he  removed  in  1804  to  the  Territory  of 
Louisiana,  travelling  on  horseback,  and 
tarrying  for  a  time  at  Vincennes,  Indi 
ana  Territory.  He  first  settled  at  St. 
Charles,  on  the  Missouri  River,  but  in 
1805,  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  resided  the  balance  of  his  life.  In 
1806  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney- 
General  for  the  District  of  St.  Louis 
and  St.  Charles,  and  in  1809  Attorney- 
General  for  the  Territory  of  Upper 
Louisiana,  which  office  he  held  until 
1811 ;  and  he  was  the  first  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  the  western  side  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  representing  Missouri 
Territory  from  1811  to  1814.  After  his 
service  in  Congress,  he  went  upon  seve 
ral  expeditions  against  the  Indians ; 
was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Assembly, 
and  chosen  Speaker  ;  and  he  died  on 
the  10th  August,  1817.  He  was  a  man 
of  ability,  pure,  and  without  reproach, 
and  his  loss  was  deeply  lamented  by 
all  who  knew  him. 

Henderson,  Archibald.  —  Born 
in  Granville  County,  North  Carolina, 
August  7,  1768,  and  died  October  21, 
1822.  He  was  educated  in  his  native 
county,  studied  law,  and  rose  to  a  high 
position  at  the  bar  of  his  State.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1799  to  1803; 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


179 


and  subsequently  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  for  several  terms.  His  learn 
ing  was  extensive,  and  his  character  as 
a  man  above  reproach. 

Henderson,    Bennett    H.  —  He 

was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Henderson,    John.  —  He   was   a 

lawyer  by  profession ;  a  General  of 
militia  in  Mississippi ;  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1839 
to  1845 ;  and  during  the  latter  part  of 
his  life,  practised  his  profession  in  Loui 
siana.  After  his  service  in  Congress,  he 
was  engaged  in  an  unlawful  expedition 
against  Cuba,  for  which  he  was  tried, 
but  acquitted  by  a  New  Orleans  jury. 
He  died  at  Pass  Christian,  in  1857,  aged 
sixty-two  years. 

Henderson,  John  S. — Was  born 
in  Virginia,  November  16,  1826 ;  in 
1836  removed  with  his  parents  to  Mis 
souri  ;  spent  a  part  of  his  boyhood  on  a 
farm.  While  obtaining  an  academical 
education,  he  taught  school  for  his  sup 
port  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1848,  and  was  soon  afterwards  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  re-elected  in 
1856  ;  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charles 
ton  Convention  in  1860 ;  had  command 
for  a  time  of  a  brigade  of  militia.  On 
the  expulsion  of  Trusten  Polk  from  the 
United  States  Senate,  he  was  appointed 
to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  in  1863  was 
elected  for  the  full  term  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post- 
office  and  Post-roads,  and  that  on  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Henderson,    Joseph.  —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

Henderson,  J.  Pinckney.—Rorn 

in  Lincoln  County,  North  Carolina, 
March  31,  1808.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  but  did  not  graduate,  and 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  first 
visiting  Cuba  for  his  health,  and  settling 
in  Mississippi.  He  emigrated  to  Texas 
in  1836,  and  his  first  civil  oifice  was  that 
of  Attorney-General  of  the  Republic  of 
Texas,  having  been  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Houston  in  1836 ;  in  1837  he  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  State  of  the  Re 
public  ;  soon  afterwards  Minister  Ple 
nipotentiary  to  England  and  Prance, 


clothed  with  the  additional  powers  of 
Commissioner  to  solicit  the  recognition 
of  the  independence  of  Texas ;  in  1838 
he  made  a  commercial  arrangement 
with  England,  and  in  1839  a  commer 
cial  treaty  with  Prance  ;  in  1844  he  was 
appointed  a  Special  Minister  to  the 
United  States,  which  mission  resulted 
in  the  annexation  of  Texas  ;  in  1845  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of 
Texas  ;  in  November,  of  the  same  year, 
was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  ;  and 
when  the  Mexican  war  broke  out,  in 
1846,  as  Governor  of  the  State,  and  by 
permission  of  the  Legislature,  he  took 
command  in  person  of  the  volunteer 
troops,  called  for  by  General  Taylor, 
served  six  months  as  Major-General, 
and  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle 
of  Monterey,  subsequently  receiving 
from  Congress,  for  his  services,  a  vote 
of  thanks,  and  a  sword  valued  at  fifteen 
hundred  dollars.  He  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  in  1857,  but  owing 
to  ill  health,  did  not  take  an  active  part 
in  its  proceedings,  and  he  died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  June  4,  1858,  deeply  la 
mented  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Henderson,  Samuel. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1814  to  1815. 

Henderson,  Thomas. — He  was  a 

graduate  of  Princeton  College  in  1761 ; 
was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas ;  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress,  from  1779  to  1780;  a  Repre 
sentative  of  New  Jersey  in  Congress, 
under  the  Constitution,  from  1795  to 
1797  ;  and  was  once  Lieutenant-Gover 
nor  of  that  State. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A. — He  was 

born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  Sep 
tember  7,  1819 ;  was  educated  at  South 
Hanover  College;  studied  law,  and 
completed  his  legal  studies  at  Chambers- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1843  ;  settled  in 
Indiana,  and  practised  his  profession 
with  success  ;  in  1848  he  was  chosen  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  declined  are- 
election  ;  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1850 ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1851  to  1855 ;  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Pierce,  in  1855, 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Of 
fice,  in  which  he  was  continued  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan  until  1859,  when  he 


180 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


resigned.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  long  term, 
ending  1869,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Claims,  and  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds. 

HendricJcs,  William.  —  Born  in 
"Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1783.  He  was  one  of  the  early  set 
tlers  of  Madison,  Indiana,  having  re 
moved  there  in  1814.  During  his  resi 
dence  in  that  State,  he  filled  many  high 
and  important  offices  ;  he  was  Secretary 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
present  Constitution  of  the  State ;  the 
first  and  sole  Representative  of  Indiana 
in  Congress,  from  1816  to  1822;  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  from  1822  to  1825, 
when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  served  until 
1837.  He  died  in  Madison,  May  16, 1850. 

Henley.  Thomas,  Jr. — He  was 

born  in  Indiana,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Henley,  Thomas  J. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  held  the  offices  of  Indian 
Agent  and  Postmaster  of  San  Francisco. 

Henn9  Bernhardt. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  on  emigrating  to 
Iowa,  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

Henry,  John. — He  was  a  graduate 
of  Princeton  College  in  1769 ;  was  for 
several  years,  from  1778,  a  Delegate  to 
the  old  Congress;  a  Senator  in  Congress 
under  the  Constitution,  from  Maryland, 
from  1789  to  1797,  when  he  resigned; 
and  elected  Governor  of  Maryland  in 
the  latter  year.  He  died  at  Easton,  De 
cember,  1798. 

Henry,  John  F. — He  was  the  bro 
ther  of  Robert  P.  Henry,  and  was 
elected  to  Congress  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  same,  from  1826  to  1827. 
He  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Kentucky, 
January  17,  1793 ;  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Georgetown  Academy  of 
Kentucky ;  studied  medicine,  and  in 
1813  was  appointed  Surgeon's  mate  in 
Bos  well's  Regiment  of  Kentucky 
troops,  serving  at  Fort  Meigs.  Subse 


quently  graduated  at  the  New  York 
University ;  settled  in  Hopkinsville, 
Kentucky,  in  1822  ;  and  subsequently  to 
his  service  in  Congress,  removed  to  Bur 
lington,  Iowa. 

Henry,  Robert  F. — Born  in  Scott 
County,  Kentucky,  November  24, 1788; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Tran 
sylvania;  studied  law  with  Henry  Clay, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809 ; 
served  that  year  as  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  his  district ;  served  in  the  war 
of  1812  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  his  father, 
Major-General  \v'illiam  Henry  ;  subse 
quently  settled  in  Christian  County,  and 
became  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that 
circuit ;  was  a  Director  of  the  Princeton 
Branch  of  the  Comjnonwealth  Bank; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  for  the  term  from 
1823  to  1827.  As  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals,  he  obtained 
the  first  appropriation  ever  granted  for 
improving  the  Mississippi  River.  While 
in  Congress  he  received  the  appoint 
ment  of  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals, 
which  he  declined ;  and  he  died  of  fever 
August  25,  1826,  before  the  expiration 
of  his  term  in  Congress. 

Henry,  Thomas. — Born  in  Ire 
land  in  1785.  He  served  his  adopted 
State  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843. 
Died  in  Beaver  County,  Pennsylvania, 
February  27,  1849. 

Henry,  William. — He  was  born 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  having  settled 
in  Vermont,  devoted  himself  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits.  Was  for  many  years 
Cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Bellows  Falls, 
where  he  resides  ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1847  to  1853,  accomplishing  much 
work  as  a  member  of  several  commit 
tees. 

Herbert,  John  C. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Herbert,  Philip  T.— Born  in  Ala 
bama,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  California,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Hereford,  Jedediah. —  He  was 

born  in  Vermont,  and  having  removed 
to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


181 


Herkimer,  John. — Born  in  Herki- 
mer  County,  New  York,  in  1773 ;  was 
for  many  years  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1817  to 
1819,  and  again  from  1823  to  1825.  Died 
at  Danube,  New  York,  June  8,  1845. 

Hernandez,  Joseph  M. — He  was 

one  of  the  prominent  Spanish  citizens 
who  remained  in  the  Territory  of  Flo 
rida  at  the  time  of  its  transfer  to  the 
United  States.  He  was  the  first  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  from  Florida,  and  sub 
sequently  a  leading  member  and  pre 
siding  officer  of  the  Territorial  Legisla 
ture.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Indian 
hostilities,  he  was  made  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  United  States  service. 
He  was  a  man  of  refined  and  elegant 
manners  ;  resided  at  St.  Augustine;  and 
died  near  Matanzas,  Cuba,  June  8, 1857, 
at  an  advanced  age. 

Herod,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Herrick,  Anson. — He  was  born  in 
Lewiston,  Maine,  January  21, 1812;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education ;  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  was  appren 
ticed  to  the  business  of  a  printer ;  set 
tled  in  New  York  City  in  1836,  and  con 
tinued  in  the  same  employment  until 
1838,  when  he  commenced  the  publica 
tion  of  a  weekly  journal,  now  called  the 
New  York  Atlas,  of  which  he  has  since 
been  the  editor  and  proprietor.  In  1853 
he  was  chosen  one  of  the  Aldermen  of 
the  city,  and  served  three  years,  and  by 
President  Buchanan  he  was  appointed 
Naval  Storekeeper  for  New  York,  which 
he  held  until  1861.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  Representative,  from  New  York, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy 
Department.  Ebenezer  Herrick,  who 
served  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1827, 
was  his  father. 

Herrick,  Ebenezer. — He  was  born 
in  Lincoln  County,  Maine,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1821  to  1827,  and  died  at  Lewiston, 
in  that  State,  May  7,  1839.  In  1820  he 
held  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  State 
Senate,  and  was  a  State  Senator  in  1828 
and  1829. 


Herrick,  Joshua. — He  was  born 

in  Beverly,  Essex  County,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1794;  received  a  common  school 
education  ;  removed  to  Maine,  and  be 
came  a  Sheriff  in  that  State ;  was  Col 
lector  of  the  Port  of  Kennebunk  from 
1829  to  1841 ;  was  Chairman  of  a  Board 
of  County  Commissioners  from  1842  to 
1843  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1843  to  1845, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval 
Affairs,  and  Accounts.  He  was  again 
Collector  of  Kennebunk  from  1847  to 
1849  ;  and  from  1850  to  1857  he  was  Re 
gister  of  Probate  for  York  County, 
State  of  Maine. 

Herrick,  Hichard  P. — Born  in 

1791 ;  a  man  of  remarkable  business  en 
terprise;  and  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1845  to  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Wash 
ington,  June  22,  1846. 

Herrick,  Samuel.— He  was  born 

in  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  April 
14,  1779.  He  read  law  at  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1805  ;  in  1810  he  settled  at  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio,  and  was  appointed  Collec 
tor  of  Taxes  for  that  county  ;  soon  af 
terwards,  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the 
same  county  ;  and  soon  after  that, 
by  President  Madison,  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Attorney  for 
Ohio ;  in  1812  he  was  appointed  one  of 
a  Board  of  Commissioners,  for  settling 
the  Northwestern  boundary  line  ;  in 
the  autumn  of  that  year,  he  succeeded 
Lewis  Cass  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
Muskingurn  County  ;  in  1814  he  was 
appointed  to  the  same  office  in  Licking 
County  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1817  to  1821.  After 
his  second  election,  his  seat  was  con 
tested  by  Charles  Hammond,  but  the 
House  sustained  his  claim.  He  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1828,  and  in 
1829  was  appointed,  by  President  Jack 
son,  United  States  District  Attorney 
for  Ohio.  The  remainder  of  his  life 
was  spent  in  retirement,  and  he  died  in 
December,  1851. 

Heyward,    William    H.  —  He 

graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1808, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Hibbard,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  graduated  at  Dartmouth 


182 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


College  in  1835  ;  was  Assistant  Clerk  of 
the  New  Hampshire  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1839  ;  Clerk  of  the  same 
from  1840  to  1843  ;  Speaker  of  the  House 
in  1844  and  1845  ;  in  the  State  Senate 
from  1846  to  1849,  officiating  two  years 
as  President ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1849  to  1855. 

Hibshman,  Jacob.— He  was  born 
in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Hickman,  John. — Born  in  Ches 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania,  near  the 
Brandywine  battle-ground,  September 
11,  1810;  received  a  thorough  mathe 
matical  and  classical  education;  com 
menced  the  study  of  medicine,  but  find 
ing  his  health  too  feeble  for  the  dissect 
ing-room,  he  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1833.  In  1845  he  was 
appointed  District  Attorney  for  Ches 
ter  County,  holding  the  office  fifteen 
months  ;  in  1854  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Elections;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions  ;  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Ju 
diciary  Committee  ;  and  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  again  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee. 
He  declined  a  re-election  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Hicks,  Thomas  H.— He  was  born 
in  Maryland  ;  frequently  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State;  was  Governor 
thereof,  from  1858  to  1862;  and  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  the 
place  of  James  A.  Pearce,  deceased, 
taking  his  seat  during  the  third  session 
of  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs,  and  that  on  Claims. 

Hiester,  Isaac  E. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  was  the  Son  of 
William  Heister,  M.  C.,  but  changed 
the  spelling  of  his  name. 

Higby,  William.— Was  born  in  Es 
sex  County,  Vermont,  August  18, 1813; 


spent  his  boyhood  on  a  farm,  and  subse 
quently  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  iron 
business  ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont  in  1840 ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law,  which  he  practised  in  his 
native  county  until  1850;  during  that 
year  he  emigrated  to  California,  and 
was  District  Attorney  of  Calaveras 
County,  from  1853  to  1859  ;  in  1862  he 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate ;  and 
in  1863  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  California,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Public  Lands,  and  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department. 

Hill9  Clement  8.— Born  in  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Hill,  Hugh  L.  IF.— Born  in  Ten 
nessee,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Hill.  Isaac. — Born  in  Somerville, 
Massachusetts,  April  6,  1788.  In  1798 
his  parents  removed  to  a  farm  in  Ash- 
burnham,  Massachusetts  ;  his  education 
was  exceedingly  limited,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  in  a 
printing-office,  and  in  1809,  at  the  ex 
piration  of  his  apprenticeship,  he  went 
to  Concord,  New  Hampshire,  and  pur 
chased  the  American  Patriot,  which 
was  afterwards  issued  as  The  New 
Hampshire  Patriot,  and  became  a  paper 
of  immense  circulation  and  influence 
during  the  twenty  years  of  his  editor 
ship.  During  that  time  he  was  twice 
chosen  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  ;  was 
once  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1820,  1821,  1822,  and  1827. 
In  1828  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  Senate,  but  not  elected. 
In  1829  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jackson,  Second  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury,  and  held  the  office  until  April, 
1830.  He  returned  to  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  elected  by  the  Legislature 
United  States  Senator  for  six  years, 
from  1831.  In  1836  he  resigned  his 
senatorship,  being  elected  Governor  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  re-elected  in  1837 
and  1838.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Van  Buren,  Sub-Treasurer 
at  Boston,  and  in  that  year  established, 
in  connection  with  his  two  oldest  sons, 
Hill's  New  Hampshire  Patriot,  which 
they  published  and  edited  until  1847, 
when  that  paper  was  united  with  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


183 


Patriot.  He  also  published  the  Far 
mers'  Monthly  Visitor,  an  agricultural 
paper,  for  ten  years ;  and  during  the 
last  fifteen  years  of  his  life,  devoted 
much  attention  to  agriculture.  He  died 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
March  22,  1851. 

Hill,  John. — He  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Hill,  John. — Born  in  Stokes  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  served  rnany  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  the  State ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  in  1850  held  the  position 
of  Reading  Clerk  in  the  State  Senate. 

Hilly  Joshua. — Born  in  Abbeville 
District,  South  Carolina,  January  10, 
1812  ;  he  had  not  a  collegiate  education, 
but  studied  law  as  a  profession.  He 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands.  Re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  Resigned  in 
February,  1861 ,  and  returned  to  Georgia. 

Hill,  Mark  L. — He  was  born  in 
Biddeford,  Maine,  June  30, 1772.  From 
the  year  1792  to  the  close  of  his  life,  he 
had  been  almost  constantly  in  the  exer 
cise  of  some  public  employment,  either 
by  popular  election  or  executive  ap 
pointment.  Though  denied  the  advan 
tages  of  a  liberal  education,  he  succeed 
ed,  by  assiduous  self-culture,  in  making 
himself  useful  to  his  country,  and  gain 
ing  honor  to  himself  in  the  various 
posts  of  high  responsibility  to  which  he 
was  successively  elevated.  He  was,  at 
various  periods,  a  member  of  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  of  Massa 
chusetts,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  member  of  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
from  Maine,  from  1821  to  1823  ;  Post 
master  at  Phippsburg,  Maine,  Collector 
of  the  Port  at  Bath,  and  held  several 
other  town  and  county  offices.  He  was 
one  of  the  Overseers  of  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  from  the  first,  until  1821,  when  he 
became  a  Trustee,  in  which  office  he 
continued  till  his  decease,  and  during 
the  whole  period  of  forty-nine  years, 
regularly  attended  every  meeting  ex 
cept  one.  He  died  at  Phippsburg,  Maine, 


November  26,  1842,  in  the  seventy-first 
year  of  his  age. 

Hilly  Thomas.  —  He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1824 

to  1826. 

• 

Hill,  William  H. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1799  to  1803,  and  he  was 
also  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  District  of 
North  Carolina.  He  died  in  1809. 

Hillen,  Solomon ,  Jr.  —  He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Hillhousey  James. — He  was  born 
at  Montville,  Connecticut,  October  21, 
1754;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1773 ;  after  due  preparation,  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law ;  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle, 
and  when  New  Haven  was  invaded  by 
the  British,  was  commander  of  the  Go 
vernor's  Guards.  He  became  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  in  1791,  and  three 
years  afterwards  he  was  chosen  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States,  from  Connec 
ticut,  and  continued  a  distinguished 
member  for  sixteen  years ;  and  in  the 
Sixth  Congress  was  President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate.  In  1810  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Senate,  and  took  the  office  of 
Commissioner  of  the  School  Fund  of 
Connecticut,  which  he  managed  with 
great  ability  and  fidelity  for  fifteen 
years ;  and  in  1825  he  undertook  to 
conduct  the  construction  of  the  Farm- 
ington  and  Hampshire  Canal.  He  was 
chosen  Treasurer  of  Yale  College  in 
1782,  and  continued  to  hold  the  office 
until  his  death,  having  done  much  to 
promote  the  interests  of  that  institution. 
He  died  at  New  Haven,  December  29, 
1832. 

Hilliardy  Henry    W.  —  He   was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  but  spent  his 
boyhood  in  South  Carolina,  at  the  Col 
lege  of  which  State  he  graduated.  He 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  Georgia,  but 
in  1836  became  a  citizen  of  Alabama, 
occupying  for  several  years  a  professor 
ship  in  the  University  of  that  State.  In 
1838  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  in  1840  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor.  In  1842  he  was  appointed,  by 


184 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


President  Tyler,  Minister  to  Belgium  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1843  to  1861.  He 
was  also  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  devoted  some  attention 
to  the  pursuits  of  literature.  A  volume 
of  his  speeches  was  published  in  1855. 

Hilly  er,  Junius. — He  was  born  in 
"Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  April  23,  1807 ; 
graduated  at  the  State  University  at 
Athens  in  1828;  having  studied  his  pro 
fession  while  in  college,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  within  one  week  after  gradu 
ating  ;  in  1834  he  was  elected  by  the 
Legislature  Solicitor-General  for  the 
"Western  District  of  the  State ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1851  to  1855,  during  his 
second  term  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 
In  1857  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Solicitor  of  the  United  States 
Treasury. 

Hindman,  Thomas  C. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  in  1818  ;  served  in 
the  Mexican  war  as  a  Second  Lieuten 
ant  of  Mississippi  volunteers ;  and  was 
a  Representative,  from  Arkansas,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress ;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh,  but  when  the  Re 
bellion  broke  out  he  entered  the  Con 
federate  service,  and  was  at  once  made 
a  Brigadier-General,  and  subsequently 
a  Major-General ;  and  he  died  in  1863. 

Hindman,  William. — He  was  a 

Delegate,  from  Maryland,  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1792  to  1799  ;  and  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress  during  the  years  1800 
and  1801.  He  died  January  26,  1822. 

Hinds,  Thomas.— Born  abouUhe 
year  1775;  was  a  distinguished  officer 
in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Missis 
sippi,  from  1828  to  1831.  He  died  in 
Jefferson  County,  Mississippi,  August 
23,  1840. 

Hines,  Richard. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1825  to  1827. 

Hitchcock,  Peter. — Born  in  Che 
shire,  Connecticut,  October  19,  1780; 
and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1801. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1804,  and 


commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  his 
native  town.  In  1806  he  removed  to 
Geauga  County,  Ohio,  and  in  1810  he 
was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  State ;  from  1812  to  1816  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  Presi 
dent  of  that  body  one  session.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1817 
to  1819,  and  then  chosen  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  for  seven  years ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1826, 
and  retired  from  the  bench  in  1852, 
after  a  judicial  service  of  twenty-eight 
years  ;  having  been  for  a  portion  of  that 
time- Chief  Justice.  From  1833  to  1835 
he  was  again  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  and  once  again  President.  In 
1850  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  the  State.  He 
died  in  Painesville,  Ohio,  May  11,  1853. 

Hoagland,  Moses. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

Hoar,  Samuel. — Born  in  Lincoln, 
Massachusetts,  May  18,  1788.  He  gra 
duated  at  Cambridge  in  1802,  and  was 
for  two  years  thereafter  a  private  tutor 
in  Virginia.  He  studied  law  with  Arte- 
mas  Ward,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1805,  and  opened  an  office  in  Con 
cord.  He  soon  attained  high  rank,  and 
was  for  forty  years  one  of  the  most  emi 
nent  and  successful  practitioners  in  Mid 
dlesex  County,  as  well  as  in  the  whole 
State.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  revising  the  State  Constitu 
tion  in  1820  ;  State  Senator  in  1825  and 
1833  ;  member  of  the  Executive  Coun 
cil  in  1845  and  1846 ;  State  Representa 
tive  in  1850 ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1835  to  1837.  In  1844 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts  to  proceed  to  South  Ca 
rolina  and  aid  the  colored  citizens  of 
Massachusetts,  imprisoned  by  the  au 
thorities  of  South  Carolina,  by  testing, 
in  the  courts  of  the  United  States,  the 
constitutionality  of  the  acts  of  South 
Carolina,  authorizing  the  imprisonment 
of  colored  persons  who  should  enter 
that  State.  His  appearance  in  Charles 
ton  caused  great  excitement,  and  he 
was  expelled  from  that  city  by  its  citi 
zens,  December  5, 1844;  the  Legislature 
having  passed  resolutions  on  that  day 
authorizing  the  Governor  to  expel  him. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  religious 
and  charitable  societies,  of  the  American 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


185 


Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  the  [ 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and,   j 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  one  of  the  Over-   \ 
seers  of  Harvard  College ;  the  degree  of  ! 
Doctor  of  Laws  having,  in  1838,  been  | 
conferred  upon  him  by  that  institution. 
He    died   in    Concord,    Massachusetts, 
November  2,  1856. 

Hoard,  Charles  -B.  —  Born  in 
Springfield,  Vermont,  June  28,  1805; 
he  was  a  mechanic,  and  for  several  years 
in  early  life  a  clerk  in  a  private  land 
office  at  Antwerp,  New  York.  He  was 
Postmaster  under  Presidents  Jackson 
and  Van  Buren ;  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  several  years ;  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  York  in  1838,  and 
County  Clerk  of  Jeiferson  County,  New 
York,  in  1844,  1845,  and  1846.  He  has 
been  an  active  politician,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Department. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Hobart,  Aaron. — He  was  born  in 
Abington,  Plymouth  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  26,  1787;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1805 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  served  in  the  State 
Senate ;  as  a  State  Councillor ;  was  Judge 
of  Probate  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1821  to  1827.  Died  at  East  Bridgewa- 
ter,  September  19,  1858. 

Hobart.  John  Sloss. —  He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1757  ;  was 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  New 
York,  and  held  several  important  sta 
tions  in  that  State  during  the  Revolu 
tionary  war ;  after  which  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  three  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate  for  the 
term  commencing  January,  1798,  but 
resigned  May  5,  not  having  taken  his 
seat,  and  was  then  appointed  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  of  New 
York.  He  died  February  4,  1805,  aged 
sixty-six. 

Hobble,  Selah  R. — Born  in  New- 
burg,  New  York,  March  10,  1797,  and 
at  an  early  day  established  himself  at 
Delhi,  Delaware  County,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  where  he  was  soon  appointed 
District  Attorney  and  Brigade  Major 


and  Inspector.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1827  to  1829, 
when,  on  the  accession  of  General  Jack 
son  to  the  Presidency,  he  was  appointed 
Assistant  Postmaster-General,  which  he 
held  until  1850,  when  he  retired  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health,  but  assumed  the 
duties  of  the  office  under  President 
Pierce.  He  died  in  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  March  23,  1854. 

Hodges*   Charles   D. —  He    was 

elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  and  took  his  seat  during 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress. 

Hodges,  George  T. — He  was  born 
in  Clarendon,  Vermont,  July  4,  1789; 
he  was  bred  to  active  business,  and  was 
a  merchant  in  Rutland  for  many  years ; 
served  frequently  in  both  Houses  of  the 
State  Legislature;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
during  the  second  session  of  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress.  For  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  was  President 
of  the  Bank  of  Rutland ;  was  a  large 
contributor  to  the  success  of  the  Bur 
lington  Railroad,  and  a  warm  supporter 
of  the  Verment  Agricultural  Society. 
Died  at  Rutland,  September  9,  1860.  " 

Hodges,  James  L.  —  He  was  a 

State  Senator  in  1823  and  1824,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1827  to  1831.  He  died 
March  8,  1846,  aged  fifty-six  years. 

Hoffman,  Henry  W.  —  He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1855  to  1857. 

Hoffman,   Martin.  —  He  was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Hoffman,  Michael. — Born  in  the 
town  of  Clifton  Park,  Saratoga  County, 
New  York,  in  1788.  He  was  educated 
as  a  physician,  but  afterwards  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Herkimer  County, 
where  he  occupied  a  high  position.  He 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1824,  and 
continued  a  member  for  eight  years, 
serving  a  portion  of  the  time  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Af 
fairs.  He  was  appointed  a  Canal  Com 
missioner  for  the  State  of  New  York, 
wrote  several  able  reports,  and  resigned 


18 


186 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  office  in  1835.  In  1841  he  went  into 
the  House  of  Assembly,  from  Herkimer 
County,  and  accomplished  much  good 
for  the  service  and  credit  of  his  State. 
He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1846,  and  was 
Naval  Officer  in  the  city  of  New  York  ; 
he  was  a  powerful  and  effective  debater, 
and,  as  a  man,  unselfish  and  of  high 
character.-  He  died  at  Brooklyn,  Sep 
tember  27,  1848. 

Hoffman,  Ogden. — He  was  born 
in  New  York  City  in  1794,  and  gra 
duated  at  Columbia  College  in  1812  ;  he 
soon  after  entered  the  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman,  but  in  three  years  he  resigned, 
and  studied  law.  He  commenced  to 
practise  in  Orange  County,  and  was 
appointed  District  Attorney,  but  re 
moved  to  New  York  City  in  1826,  and 
was  a  partner  of  Hugh  Maxwell,  and 
became  eminently  successful  in  his  pro 
fession.  In  1828  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Legislature ;  from  1829  to 
1835  was  District  Attorney ;  and  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  by  President  Harrison.  From  1837 
to  1841  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs  ;  he  was 
re-elected  in  1848,  and  in  1854  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  the  State. 
He  was  remarkable  for  his  eloquence 
and  learning ;  and  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  occupied  a  high 
position  at  the  bar  of  New  York.  He 
died  in  that  city,  May  1,  1856. 

Hogan,  William.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Hoge,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1804  to  1805. 

Hoge,  Joseph  11.— He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and,  having  removed  to  Illinois, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

Hoge,  William. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1801  to  1804,  and  again  from 
1807  to  1809. 

Hogeboom,  J.  L. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1821,  and  was  a  Repre 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Hogg,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1817  to  1819. 

Holcomb,  George. — Born  inHun- 
terdon  County,  New  Jersey ;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1805 ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1821  to  1828,  and  died 
January  14,  1828. 


Holladay. 


Alexander  It.  —  He 

was  born  in  v  irginia,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1853,  and  was  Chairman, 
during  his  first  term,  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment. 

Holland,  Cornelius.  —  Born  July 
9,  1782  ;  established  himself  as  a  physi 
cian  at  Canton,  Maine;  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1819  ;  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1820  and  1821  ;  and  a  State 
Senator  in  1822,  1825,  and  1826.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1831  to  1833,  serving  on 
the  Committee  011  Elections,  as  well  as 
on  the  Committee  of  Representation 
under  the  Fifth  Census. 

Holland,  James.  —  He  was  a  Re 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1795  to  1797,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1811. 


Holleman,  Joel.  —  Born  in  the 
County  of  Isle  of  Wight,  Virginia, 
October  1,  1799;  was  educated  at  Cha 
pel  Hill,  North  Carolina;  taught  school 
for  some  years,  and  then  studied  law, 
in  the  practice  of  which  he  was  success 
ful  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1839  to  1840, 
when  he  resigned,  "because  he  could 
not  represent  the  feelings  and  wishes  of 
a  majority  of  his  constituents."  He 
was  subsequently  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  for  several  years,  and  Speaker  of 
the  House  when  he  died,  August,  1844. 

Holley,  John  M.—  He  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1822  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  from  1838 
to  1841  ;  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1848.  He  died  at  Jacksonville, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


187 


Florida,  March  8,  1848,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term. 

Holman,  William  S. — Born  in 
Verdstown,  Indiana,  September  6, 1822; 
received  a  good  English  education  at 
common  schools  ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  revise  the  Constitution  of 
Indiana  in  1850 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1851  ;  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from 
1852  to  1856  ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative,  from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 
Ke-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims ;  and  he  was  also  re-elected  to 
the  Thirt37-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Holmes,  Elias  B.— Born  in  Flet 
cher,  Vermont,  May  27,  1807.  He 
commenced  life  as  a  teacher,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty  emigrated  to  Monroe 
County,  New  York,  where  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1830.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1845  to 
1849. 

Holmes,  Gabriel. — Born  in  Samp 
son  County,  North  Carolina ;  was  a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1825  to  1829.  Educated 
at  Harvard  University,  and  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession.  He  was  in  the  State 
Senate  in  1807,  and  Governor  of  the 
State  in  1821.  He  died  September  26, 
1829,  in  Sampson  County.  North  Caro 
lina,  aged  sixty-live  years. 

Holmes,  Isaac  E.  —  Born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  April  5, 
1796  ;  educated  at  the  best  schools  of 
his  native  city,  and  graduated  with 
honors,  at  Yale  College,  in  1815;  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1818,  in  Charleston.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  "  South  Caro 
lina  Association;"  and  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1826.  For  a 
time  he  devoted  himself  to  planting, 
but  his  most  distinguished  public  ser 
vice  was  as  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from  1839 
to  1851,  during  which  period  he  served 
with  ability  at  the  head  of  the  Commit 
tees  of  Commerce,  and  the  Navy,  and 
also  on  that  for  Foreign  Affairs.  He 


subsequently  took  up  his  residence  in 
California. 

Holmes,  John. — He  was  born  on 
Cape  Cod  in  March,  1773 ;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1796;  studied  law, 
and  commenced  the  practice  in  Alfred, 
Maine,  in  1799;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1802  and 
1803,  and  State  Senator  from  1813  to 
1817;  was  a  Boundary  Commissioner 
under  the  Treaty  of  1815  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  to  form  the  Con 
stitution  of  Maine,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  that  drafted  the  document  in 
1820  ;  having  been  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1820;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1820  to 
1833.  For  a  part  of  1829,  and  from  1835 
to  1838,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature  ;  and  he  was  United  States 
District  Attornej7,  for  Maine,  from  1841 
till  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Port 
land,  July  7,  1843.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  for  forty  years,  and 
distinguished  for  his  eloquence  and  wit. 

Holmes,  Uriel. — He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1784,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1817  to  1818,  when  he  resigned. 
He  died  in  1827. 

Holsey,  HopMns. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1799,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1837  to  1839.  He  subsequently 
edited  the  Athens  Banner,  and  filled  a 
large  space  in  the  politics  of  Georgia. 
Died  in  Columbus,  Georgia,  March  31, 
1859. 

Holt,  Orrin. — He  was  born  in  Con 
necticut,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  in  1836,  to 
fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  from  1837  to 
1839. 

Holten,  Samuel. — Born  in  Dan- 
vers,  Massachusetts,  June  9,  1738,  and 
was  bred  a  physician.  During  the  Re 
volution  he  zealously  espoused  the  cause 
of  his  country,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
old  Congress  from  1778  to  1787,  officiat 
ing,  at  one  time,  as  its  President.  He 
was  a  Representative,  under  the  Consti 
tution,  from  1793  to  1795;  and  spent  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  as  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  for  Essex  County,  and  died  Janu 
ary  2,  1816. 


188 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Hook,  Enos. — He  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Hooks,  Charles.— Born  in  Bertie 
County,  North  Carolina,  served  for 
many  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  during 
the  years  1816  and  1817,  and  from  1819 
to  1825.  He  subsequently  removed  to 
Alabama,  where  he  died  in  1851. 

Hooper,  Samuel. — Was  born  in 
Marblehead,  Massachusetts,  February 
3,  1808 ;  received  his  education  in  that 
town ;  spent  four  years  in  a  counting- 
room  in  Boston  ;  subsequently  made  re 
peated  visits  to  Europe  and  the  West 
Indies,  attending  to  commercial  busi 
ness  ;  and  in  1832  settled  finally  in  Bos 
ton  as  a  merchant,  chiefly  engaged  in 
the  China  trade,  the  last  house  of  which 
he  formed  a  part  having  long  been 
known  as  William  Appleton  &  Co.  In 
1851  he  was  elected  to  the  State  House 
of  Representatives,  served  three  years, 
and  declined  a  re-election  ;  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  declined 
to  serve  a  second  term  ;  in  1861  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  William  Appleton  in 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means  ; 
and  in  1862  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
same  Committee. 

Hooper,  W.  H. — Born  in  Cam 
bridge,  Dorchester  County,  Maryland, 
December  25,  1813;  received  a  common 
school  education  ;  was  for  several  years 
a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Baltimore ;  when 
seventeen  years  of  age  built  a  schooner ; 
was  for  some  years  a  merchant  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland  ;  emigrated 
to  Illinois  in  1835,  from  which  time, 
until  1849,  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  and  steamboating  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  ;  in  1850  he  removed  to  Utah  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
Acting  Secretary  of  the  Territory  ;  and 
in  1859  entered  Congress  as  a  Delegate 
from  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Hopkins,  George  W. — Born  in 
Goochiand  County,  Virginia,  February 
22,  1804.  He  was  educated  at  the  "  old 
field  schools"  of  that  day,  and,  for  some 
years,  alternately  taught  school  and 


studied  law.  During  the  years  1833  and 
1834  he  served  in  the  House  of  Dele 
gates,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1835,  and  was  re-elected 
until  1847,  serving  during  one  session 
as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives,  after  which  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Polk  Charge"  d'Atfaires  of  the 
United  States  to  Portugal.  On  his  re 
turn  from  Europe,  in  1849,  he  went  a 
second  time  into  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  Virginia,  and  was  elected  Speaker  of 
the  House.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and,  in 
1857,  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations.  Died 
March  2,  1861,  at  which  time  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Legislature. 

Hopkins,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Albemarle  County,  Virginia.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  war,  having  fought  at  Princeton, 
Trenton,  Monmouth,  Brandywine,  and 
Grermantown,  and  also  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  at  the 
siege  of  Charleston.  He  removed  to 
Kentucky  in  1797,  and  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  in 
1812  led  two  thousand  troops  against 
the  Kickapoo  Indians ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  died  at 
an  advanced  age  in  October,  1819. 

Hopkins,  Samuel  M. — He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1791,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  was  an 
eminent  lawyer,  and  much  respected  as 
a  philanthropist  and  a  Christian.  He 
died  at  Geneva,  New  York,  October  8, 
1837,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph.  —  Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  November 
12, 1770;  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  his  native  State,  from  which  institu 
tion,  as  well  as  from  Nassau  Hall  and 
Harvard  University,  he  subsequenty  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  studied 
law,  and  commenced  to  practise  at  the 
age  of  twenty,  at  Easton,  and  afterwards 
at  Philadelphia,  and  became  eminent  in 
his  profession.  He  was  the  leading 
counsel  of  Dr.  Rush  in  his  famous  suit 
against  William  Cobbett,  in  1799,  and 
was  also  engaged  by  Judge  Chase  in  his 
impeachment  case  before  the  United 
States  Senate.  In  1815  he  was  a  Repre- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


189 


sentative  in  Congress,  and  served  until 
1819,  after  which  he  resided  in  Borden- 
town,  New  Jersey,  until  appointed  by 
President  John  Quincy  Adams  Judge 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United 
States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Penn 
sylvania,  when  he  returned  to  Philadel 
phia,  and  held  this  office  until  his  death. 
In  1837  he  was  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  the  State ;  was 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania ;  was  President  of  the 
Philadelphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
and  Vice-President  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society.  He  published 
many  interesting  addresses,  and  wrote 
the  song  "  Hail,  Columbia."  He  died 
at  Philadelphia,  January  15,  1842. 

Horn,  Henry.— Re  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Hornbeck,  John  W. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1847  to  1848,  and  died  at  Allentown, 
Pennsylvania,  January  16,  1848. 

Horsey,   Outerbridge. — He  was 

a  native  of  Delaware,  and  born  in  1777  ; 
after  completing  his  classical  education , 
he  studied  law,  under  Honorable  James 
A.  Bayard,  and  rose  to  eminence  in  his 
profession.  He  was  for  many  years 
Attorney-General  of  the  State,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1810  to  1821.  He  died  at  Need- 
wood,  Maryland,  June  9,  1842. 

Horton,  Thomas  It. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Horton,  Valentine  JB. — He  was 

born  at  Windsor,  Vermont,  January 
29,  1802;  was  educated  at  Partridge's 
Military  Academy,  in  that  State ;  and 
after  that  institution  was  removed  to 
Middletown,  Connecticut,  he  became  a 
teacher  therein.  He  studied  law  at 
Middletown,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1830,  after  which  he  removed  to 
and  practised  his  profession  in  Pitts- 
burg.  He  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
in  1833,  where  he  followed  his  profes 
sion  for  two  years,  and  in  1835  removed 
to  Pomeroy,  Ohio,  his  present  residence, 
where  he  engaged  in  mining  and  manu 
facturing.  He  was  a  member  of  the 


Ohio  Constitutional  Convention  of  1850, 
and  in  1854  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth, 
his  business  affairs  causing  him  to  de 
cline  a  nomination  for  the  next  Con 
gress.  He  was,  however,  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 
In  1861  he  was  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress,  held  in  Washington. 

Hosmer,  HezeMah  L. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1797  to  1799. 

Hostetter,  Jacob. — He  was  born  in 
York,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821. 

HotchMss,  Giles  W. — A  lawyer 
by  profession ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  New  York, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  and  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

HoucJc,  Jacob,  Jr. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Hoiiyh,  David.— He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Hough,  William  J. — He  was  born 

in  New  York  ;  served  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  in  1835  and  1836;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Houston,  George  S. — He  was  born 
in  Williamson  County,  Tennessee,  Ja 
nuary  17, 1811,  but  removed,  when  quite 
young,  to  the  Fifth  Congressional  Dis 
trict  of  Alabama,  where  he  was  edu 
cated,  and  has  since  resided.  Soon  af 
ter  attaining  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  elected  to 
the  Alabama  Legislature,  and  served 
two  sessions ;  he  was  also,  for  a  time, 
Attorney  for  the  State,  or  Solicitor ; 
and  was  a  second  time  elected  to  the 
Legislature.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  in  1841,  and  con 
tinued  to  serve,  by  successive  elections, 
until  1849,  when  he  voluntarily  retired, 
for  the  purpose  of  resuming  the  practice 
of  law.  He  was  again  elected  to  Congress, 
in  1851,  and  subsequently  re-elected, 


190 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


serving  on  several  of  the  leading  commit 
tees,  and  officiating  during  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary ;  having,  during 
a  former  session,  acted  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means.  Re- 
signed  in  February,  1861. 

Houston,  *Tohn  W.— Born  in  Sus 
sex  County,  Delaware  ;  studied  at  New 
ark  Academy,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1834.  He  studied  law  with 
Hon.  John  M.  Clayton,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1837.  He  was  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  1841 ;  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware,  from 
1845  to  1851.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Houston,  Sam. — Born  in  Rock- 
bridge  County,  Virginia,  March  2, 1793. 
He  lost  his  father  when  quite  young, 
and  his  mother  removed  with  her  family 
to  the  banks  of  the  Tennessee,  at  that 
time  the  limit  of  civilization.  Here  he 
received  but  a  scanty  education ;  he 
passed  several  years  among  the  Chero 
kee  Indians,  and  in  fact,  through  all  his 
life,  he  seems  to  have  held  opinions 
with  Rousseau,  and  retained  a  predilec 
tion  for  life  in  the  wilderness.  After 
having  served  for  a  time  as  clerk  to  a 
country  trader,  and  kept  a  school,  in 
1813  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  served 
under  General  Jackson,  in  the  war  with 
the  Creek  Indians.  He  distinguished 
himself  on  several  occasions,  and  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  war  he  had  risen  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant,  but  soon  resigned 
his  commission,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  at  Nashville.  It  was  about 
this  time  that  he  began  his  political 
life.  After  holding  several  minor  offices 
in  Tennessee,  he  was,  in  1823,  elected 
to  Congress,  and  continued  a  member 
of  that  body  until,  in  1827,  he  became 
Governor  of  Tennessee.  In  1829,  before 
the  expiration  of  his  gubernatorial  term, 
he  resigned  his  office,  and  went  to  take 
up  his  abode  among  the  Cherokees  in 
Arkansas.  During  his  residence  among 
the  Indians,  he  became  acquainted  with 
the  frauds  practised  upon  them  by  the 
government  agents,  and  undertook  a 
mission  to  Washington  for  the  purpose 
of  exposing  them.  In  the  execution  of 
this  project,  he  met  with  but  little  suc 
cess  ;  he  became  involved  in  lawsuits, 
and  returned  to  his  Indian  friends. 
During  a  visit  to  Texas,  he  was  request 
ed  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used  in  the 


canvass,  for  a  Convention  which  was  to 
meet  to  form  a  Constitution  for  Texas, 
prior  to  its  admission  into  the  Mexican 
Union.  He  consented,  and  was  unani 
mously  elected.  The  Constitution  drawn 
up  by  the  Convention  was  rejected  by 
Santa  Anna,  at  that  time  in  power,  and 
the  disaffection  of  the  Texans  caused 
thereby  was  still  further  heightened  by 
a  demand  upon  them  to  give  up  their 
arms.  They  determined  upon  a  resist 
ance  ;  a  militia  was  organized,  and 
Austin,  the  founder  of  the  colony,  was 
elected  commander-in-chief,  in  which 
office  he  was  shortly  after  succeeded  by 
General  Houston.  He  conducted  the 
war  with  vigor,  and  finally  brought  it 
to  a  successful  termination  by  the  battle 
of  San  Jacinto,  which  was  fought  in 
April,  1836.  In  May,  1836,  he  signed 
a  treaty,  acknowledging  the  indepen 
dence  of  Texas,  and  in  October  of  the 
same  year  he  was  inaugurated  the  first 
President  of  the  Republic.  At  the  end 
of  his  term  of  office,  as  the  same  person 
could  not  constitutionally  be  elected 
President  twice  in  succession,  he  became 
a  member  of  the  Texas  Congress.  In 
1841,  however,  he  was  again  elevated 
to  the  Presidential  chair.  During  the 
whole  time  that  he  held  that  office  it 
was  his  favorite  policy  to  effect  the  an 
nexation  of  Texas  to  the  United  States, 
but  he  retired  from  office  before  he  saw 
the  consummation  of  his  wishes.  In 
1846  Texas  became  one  of  the  States  of 
the  Union,  and  General  Houston  was 
elected  to  the  Senate,  of  which  body  he 
remained  a  member  until  the  close  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  In  1859 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Texas.  Died 
in  Huntersville,  Texas,  July  25,  1863. 

Howard,  Benjamin. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1807  to  1810,  when  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Indiana  Terri 
tory.  He  was  appointed  Brigadier-Ge 
neral  in  the  United  States  Army  in 
1813;  and  was  once  Governor  of  Mis 
souri  Territory.  He  died  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  September  18,  1814. 

Howard,  Benjamin  C. — He  was 

born  in  Maryland  ;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1809 ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1829  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835 
to  1839.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


191 


Howard,  Jacob  M. — He  was  born 
in  Shaftsbury,  Vermont,  July  10,  1805; 
was  educated  at  the  Academies  of  Ben- 
nington  and  Brattleborough,  and  at 
Williams  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1830 ;  studied  law,  and  taught  in  an 
academy  in  Massachusetts  for  a  time ; 
removed  to  Michigan  in  1832,  and  came 
to  the  bar  of  that  Territory  in  1833  ;  in 
1838  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  the  State  ;  from  1841  to  1843  he 
was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Michigan ;  in  1854  he  was  elected  At 
torney-General  of  the  State,  twice  re- 
elected,  and  serving  in  all  six  years;  and 
in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  in  the  place  of  K.  S.  Bingham, 
deceased,  for  the  term  ending  in  1865, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Pacific  Eailroad,  and  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Military  Af 
fairs,  the  Judiciary,  and  Private  Land 
Claims. 

Howard,  John  Eager. — He  was 

born  June  4, 1752,  in  Baltimore  County, 
Maryland  ;  and  graduated  at  Princeton 
College.  He  entered  the  army  in  1776,  as 
a  Captain  in  the  regiment  of  Colonel  J.  C . 
Hall ;  in  the  following  year  he  was  pro 
moted,  till  finally  he  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  Second  Maryland  Eegi- 
ment.  He  was  an  efficient  coadjutor  of 
Greene  during  the  campaign  in  the 
South,  distinguishing  himself  at  the 
battle  of  Cowpens,  when,  says  Lee,  "he 
seized  the  critical  moment,  and  turned 
the  fortune  of  the  day  ;"  also  at  Guil- 
ford,  and  the  Eutaws.  He  was  in  the 
engagement  of  White  Plains,  German- 
town,  Monmouth,  Camden,  and  Hob- 
kirk's  Hill.  Having  been  trained  to 
the  infantry  service,  he  was  remarkably 
apt  at  charging  into  close  battle  with 
fixed  bayonet;  at  Cowpens  this  mode  of 
fighting  was  resorted  to  for  the  first 
time  in  the  war,  and  in  this  battle  he 
had  in  his  hands  at  one  time  the  swords 
of  seven  officers  who  had  surrendered  to 
him  personally.  On  this  occasion  he  saved 
the  life  of  the  British  General  O'Hara, 
whom  he  found  clinging  to  his  stirrup 
and  asking  quarter.  AVhen  the  army  was 
disbanded  he  retired  to  his  patrimonial 
estate  near  Baltimore.  In  1788  he  was 
chosen  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  held 
the  office  three  years.  He  was  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1796  to  1803,  and  was  Presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate  in  the  Sixth 
Congress.  He  died  October  12,  1827. 


Howard,  Tilghman  A.  —  Born 

near  Pickensville,  South  Carolina,  No 
vember  14,  1797.  He  received  a  limited 
education,  and  commenced  active  life  as 
a  clerk  in  a  store,  and  as  a  schoolmaster ; 
removed  to  Tennessee  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  law ;  when  twenty-seven 
years  of  age  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Tennessee  Legislature  ;  was  a  Jack 
son  Elector  in  1830;  during  that  year 
removed  to  Indiana,  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jackson,  District  Attor 
ney  for  that  State ;  and  was  appointed 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  Texas  in  1844,  in 
which  Kepublic  he  died  August  16, 1844. 
His  term  of  service  as  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Indiana  was  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Howard,  Volney    E.  —  He   was 

born  in  Norridgewock,  Maine  ;  studied 
law ;  emigrated  to  Mississippi,  where  he 
distinguished  himself  as  an  editor,  arid 
fought  two  duels,  first  with  S.  S.  Pren- 
tiss,  and  next  with  Governor  McNutt ; 
and  having  emigrated  to  Texas,  was 
elected  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

Hoivard,  William. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  elected  a  Eepresentative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ee- 
visal  and  Unfinished  Business. 

Howard,    William  A. — He  was 

born  in  Vermont,  and  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  Michigan,  was  elected 
a  Eepresentative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means.  Having 
contested  the  seat  of  G.  B.  Cooper  in 
1860,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Post 
master  at  Detroit. 

Hoive,  John  W. — He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  having  settled  in 
Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Eepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1853. 

Howe,  Thomas  M. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  and  having  settled  in  Penn 
sylvania,  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  1851  to  185">.  He 
was  for  many  years  Cashier,  and  then 
President,  of  the  Exchange  Bank  of 
Pittsburg. 


192 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Howe,  Thomas  Y.,  Jr. — He  was 

a  native  of  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.— "Was  born  in 
Livermore,  Oxford  County,  Maine, 
February  7,  1816;  received  an  academi 
cal  education  at  the  Eeadfield  Seminary  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1839 ;  settled  at  Readfield,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Maine  in 
1845  ;  in  the  latter  part  of  that  year, 
he  removed  to  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin ; 
was  elected  a  Circuit  Judge  in  that 
State  in  1850,  holding  the  office  until 
1855,  when  he  resigned;  and  in  1861, 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Wisconsin,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Finance,  Pensions,  and  Claims. 

Howell,  Edward. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1832, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Howell,  Ellas.— He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  having  taken  up  his 
residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1837. 

Ho  well,  Jeremiah  J5. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ehode  Isl 
and,  from  1811  to  1817. 

Howell,  Nathaniel  W. — He  was 

a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815,  and  died  at 
Canandaigua,  New  York,  October  16, 
1851,  aged  eighty-one  years. 

Howland,  Benjamin. — He   was 

a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1804  to  1809,  and  died  6th 
of  May,  1821. 

Hubard,  Edmund  W. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Kepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1847. 

Hubbard,  A.  B. — He  was  born  in 
Haddam,  Connecticut,  January  18, 
1819 ;  received  a  district  school  educa 
tion  ;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1838,  and 
taught  school  for  a  time  ;  studied  law 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1841  ;  in  1847 
he  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  Legisla 
ture,  and  served  three  years ;  in  1857 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  was  chosen 


Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District 
of  that  State  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Iowa,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs. 

Hubbard,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  for  a  second  term,  from 
1849  to  1851. 

Hitbbard,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire,  May 
3,  1784;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1803 ;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  Charlestown.  'He 
came  early  into  public  life.  He  was 
frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  for  some  years  Speaker 
of  the  House.  He  was  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  for  Sullivan  County,  from  1827  to 
1829 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1829  to  1835 ;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1835  to  1841.  He  was 
also  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  in 
1842  and  1843 ;  and  from  1846  to  1849 
United  States  Assistant  Treasurer  in 
Boston.  For  a  part  of  the  time,  during 
the  Twenty-eighth  Congress,  he  was 
chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives.  He  died  at  Charlestown, 
New  Hampshire,  June  5,  1857. 

Hubbard,  John  H. — He  was  born 
in  Salisbury,  Litchfield  County,  Con 
necticut,  in  1805  ;  received  a  good  com 
mon  school  education  ;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826,  and 
was  a  regular  practitioner  of  his  pro 
fession  until  1855.  For  five  years  he 
was  Attorney  for  the  county  of  Litch 
field  ;  was  twice  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  ;  and  early  in  1863  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Connecticut, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Patents,  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post-office  Depart 
ment. 

Hubbard,  Jonathan  H. — Born 
in  1768.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  esteemed  citizens  of  Vermont,  and 
was  distinguished  as  a  jurist ;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  for  many  years  was  one  of 
the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont.  His  death  occurred  where 
most  of  his  life  was  spent,  at  Windsor, 
Vermont,  September  20,  1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


193 


Hubbard,  Levi. — He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1813  to  1815;  a  State  Senator 
in  1806,  1807,  1811,  and  1816  ;  also  for 
some  years  a  County  Treasurer ;  a  State 
Councillor  in  1819 ;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1820  and  1828 ;  having  also 
been  in  1804  and  1805  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly. 

Hubbard,  Samuel  DicJcinson. 

— Born  at  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
August  10,  1799,  and  died  at  the  same 
place,  October  8,  1855.  Graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1819,  studied  law,  but 
did  not  practice,  devoting  himself  chiefly 
to  the  manufacturing  business.  He 
served  as  a  Representative  through  the 
Twenty-ninth  and  Thirtieth  Congresses. 
In  1852  he  was  appointed  Postmaster- 
General,  and  held  the  office  until  the 
close  of  President  Fillmore's  adminis 
tration,  after  which  he  retired  to  private 
life.  He  was  zealous  in  the  cause  of 
education,  and  assisted  in  the  establish 
ment  of  the  City  High  School  at  Mid 
dletown. 

Htibbard,  Thomas  H. — He  was  a 

native  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  and 
a  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1798.  He 
studied  law,  and  settled  at  Hamilton, 
Madison  County,  New  York,  and  was 
there  Surrogate  for  ten  years.  In  1823 
he  removed  to  Utica,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1817  to  1819,  and  from  1821  to 
1823.  He  was  chosen  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1812,  1844,  and  1852.  He  died 
in  Utica,  May  22,  1857,  aged  seventy- 
six  years. 

Hubbell,    William   S.— He   was 

born  in  New  York ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1841,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  the 
same,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Hubley,  Edward  B.— From  1835 
to  1839,  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  and  died  February 
23,  1856,  in  Philadelphia. 

Hudson,  Charles. — Born  in  Marl- 
borough,  Massachusetts,  November  14, 
1795.  He  spent  his  youth  as  a  student 
in  a  village  school,  and  also  as  a  teacher, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty -one  was  a  day 
laborer  on  a  farm.  In  1819  he  was 
licensed  as  a  preacher  of  the  Universal- 
ist  persuasion;  was  a  member  of  the 


Massachusetts  Legislature  from  1828  to 
1833  ;  a  State  Senator  from  1833  to  1839  ; 
a  State  Councillor  from  1839  to  1841  ; 
and  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1841, 
where  he  remained  until  1849.  He  was 
subsequently  appointed  Naval  Officer 
for  Boston,  Massachusetts,  by  the  Fede 
ral  Government,  serving  from  1849  to 
1853. 

Hufty,  Jacob. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1809  to  1814. 

Huger,  Benjamin. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1799  to  1805,  and  for  a 
second  term,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Huger,  Daniel. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and  a 
Representative  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1789  to  1793. 

Huger,  Daniel  Elliot. — Was  a 

citizen  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1789 ; 
and  for  nearly  half  a  century  was  iden 
tified  with  the  public  service  of  his 
State,  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
State  Senate,  and  Judge  of  her  Courts  ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1846.  He  died  in  Charleston, 
in  August,  1854. 

Hughes,  Charles. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  having  settled  in  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Pro 
vost  Marshal  for  the  Sixteenth  District 
of  New  York. 

Hughes,    George    W.  —  He  was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  Mary 
land,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment. 

Hughes,  James. — He  was  born  at 
Hampstead,  Maryland,  November  24, 
1823,  and  was  educated  at  the  State 
University  of  Indiana.  He  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Bloomington,  Indi 
ana,  in  1842;  was  appointed  First  Lieu 
tenant  of  the  16th  Regiment  of  United 
States  infantry,  one  of  the  ten  regiments 
in  the  Mexican  war,  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  then  returned  to 


194 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  practice  of  law  in  Bloomington. 
He  was  elected  Circuit  Judge,  in  1852, 
for  six  years ;  in  1853  was  elected  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  the  University  of  In 
diana,  and  served  three  years.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories.  In  1863  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Claims. 

Hughes,  James  M. — He  was  a 

native  of  Kentucky,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Hughes,  Tliomas  H.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1829  to  1833. 

Hughston,  Jonas  A.  —  He   was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  Congress. 

Huguenin, Daniel. — He  was  born 
in  Montgomery  County,  New  York, 
and  was  distinguished  as  an  officer  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  participated  in  the 
stirring  events  on  the  Niagara  frontier, 
and  the  battle  of  Queenstown,  with 
General  Scott,  where  he  was  taken  pri 
soner.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1825  to  1827,  and 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature, 
and  at  a  later  period  United  States 
Marshal  for  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin, 
under  an  appointment  from  President 
Harrison.  He  died  at  Kenosha,  Wis 
consin,  June,  1850,  aged  fifty-nine. 

Hulbert,  John  W. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1814  to  1817. 

Hiilburd,   Calvin   T.  —  He    was 

born  in  Stockholm,  St.  Lawrence  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  June  5, 1809  ;  graduated 
at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont ;  read 
law  at  Yale  College,  and  adopted  the 
occupation  of  farming ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  from  1842  to 
1844,  and  again  in  1862  ;  and  in  the  lat 
ter  year  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Humphrey,   Charles.  —  He  was 


born  in  Orange  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1827,  and  sub 
sequently  served  four  years  in'  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State, — one  year  as 
Speaker.  He  died  at  Albany,  July  18, 
1850,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Humphrey,  James.  —  Born  in 
Fairfield,  Connecticut,  October  9,  1811 ; 
graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1831, 
of  which  his  father,  Rev.  Heman  Hum 
phrey,  was  for  many  years  President ; 
had  charge,  in  1832, "of  Plainfield  Aca 
demy,  in  Connecticut ;  studied  law,  and 
settled  for  practice  in  Louisville,  Ken 
tucky,  where  he  remained  only  one 
year.  In  1838  he  removed  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  where  he  has  since  prac 
tised  his  profession  ;  and  in  1858  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Humphrey,  Heubcn.  —  He  was 

for  four  years  a  Senator  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  New  York,  from  Onondaga 
County,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1807  to 
1809. 

Humphreys,  Jacob. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Humphreys,  Perry  W. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Hungerford,  John  jP. — He  was 

an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1813  to  1817.  He  died  at  Twiford, 
in  Westmoreland  County,  December  21, 
1833,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Hungerford,    Orville.  —  He  was 

born  in  Connecticut  in  1790,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died  at 
Watertown,  April  6,  1851. 

Hunt,  Hiram  P. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1843. 

Hunt,  James  J5. — He  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  for  many  years  law- 
partner  with  Michael  Hoffman.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


195 


removed  to  Michigan  about  the  time  of 
its  admission  into  the  Union,  and  was 
soon  called  to  responsible  public  trusts. 
He  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Michigan,  from  1843  to  1847.  He  died 
in  Washington,  August  15,  1857,  aged 
fifty-eight  years. 


.  —  He  represented 
the  State  of  Vermont  in  Congress,  from 
1827  to  1832,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands,  and  died  at  Washing 
ton,  May  14,  of  the  latter  year.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College 
in  1807. 

Hunt,  Samuel.  —  He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1802  to  1805. 

Hunt,  Theodore  G.—  He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
from  Louisiana. 

Hunt,    Washington.  —  Born    in 

Windham,  Greene  County,  New  York, 
August  5,  1811.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Lockpor-t  in 
1834.  In  1836  he  was  appointed  first 
Judge  of  Niagara  County,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1849,  serving  during  his  last  term  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  In  1849  he  was  elected  Comp 
troller  of  New  York,  and,  in  1850,  Go 
vernor  of  the  State.  Since  that  time 
he  has  lived  in  retirement  upon  a  hand 
some  farm  near  Lockport,  dividing  his 
attention  between  his  friends,  his  books, 
and  the  pursuits  of  horticulture.  He 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Conven 
tion  in  1864. 

Hunter,  John.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1793  to  1795,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1795  to 
1796. 

Hunter,  Naisivorthy.  —  He  was  a 

Delegate  in  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Mississippi,  from  1801  to  1802. 
Died  March  11,  1802. 

Hunter,  Hobert  M.  T.  —  He  was 

born  in  Essex  County,  Virginia,  April 
21,  1809  ;  was  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1830  ; 


served  three  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  and  was  first  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  in  1837,  when  he  served  two 
terms,  and  was  re-elected  in  1845,  offi 
ciating  during  the  Twenty-sixth  Con 
gress  as  Speaker.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  a  long  term, 
and  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1859,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Finance,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  the  Library,  and  on 
the  Pacific  Railroad.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  in  1859  for  another  long 
term,  but  was  expelled  July,  1861.  He 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion  as  Secretary 
of  State  and  a  member  of  Congress  in 
the  Rebel  government. 

Hunter,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1817  to  1819.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1807  and  1809,  and  a  State  Councillor 
in  1809, 1814,  and  1815. 

Hunter,  William. — Born  in  New 
port,  Rhode  Island,  November  23, 1775 ; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1791 ; 
went  to  London,  and  studied  medicine, 
but  soon  changed  to  the  law,  and  en 
tered  at  the  Inner  Temple  in  London; 
and  on  his  return  to  Newport,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  In  1799  he  was  a  Representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Isl 
and,  and  re-elected  at  diiferent  periods 
from  that  time  to  the  year  1811,  when 
he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
find  held  his  seat  till  1821 .  His  speeches, 
especially  those  on  the  acquisition  of 
Florida,  and  the  Missouri  Compromise, 
won  him  a  high  reputation  as  a  saga 
cious  statesman  and  finished  orator.  In 
1834  he  was  Charge  to  Brazil,  an  office 
which  was,  in  1842,  raised  to  a  full  mis 
sion,  and  he  was  continued  as  Minister 
till  1845,  when  he  retired  from  public 
life,  and  resided  at  Newport  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  December  3, 1849. 

Hunter,  William  F. — He  was  born 
in  Alexandria,  Virginia,  December  10, 
1808;  had  few  educational  advantages; 
practised  the  trade  of  a  cabinet-maker 
until  1840 ;  and  having  studied  law,  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1853;  since  which  time  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  his  profession. 


196 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Hunter,    William  G. — He    was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1844. 

Hunter,  William  H.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Stinting  ton,  Abel. — He  was  born 
in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  but  at  an 
early  age  removed  to  East  Hampton, 
Long  Island,  and  for  sixty  years  was  a 
practising  physician.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1837.  He  was  Collector 
of  Sag  Harbor,  under  President  Polk  ; 
and  member  of  the  New  York  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1846.  He  died 
at  East  Hampton,  May  18,  1858,  aged 
eighty-two  years. 

Huntington,  Benjamin. — Was  a 

native  of  Norwich,  Connecticut;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1761,  and  prac 
tised  law  in  his  native  town.  He  was 
a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
State,  from  1793  to  1798,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1780  to  1784,  and  also  from  1787 
to  1788;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  under  the  Constitution,  from  1789 
to  1791.  He  was  Mayor  of  Norwich 
for  twelve  years,  and  he  died  in  1800. 

Huntington,  Ebenezer. — He  was 

born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  and 
died  there  in  May,  1834,  aged  ninety- 
seven  years.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1775;  joined  the  army  the 
same  year  as  a  volunteer  ;  was  soon 
commissioned  as  a  Lieutenant;  in  1776 
he  was  appointed  a  Captain,  and  also, 
deputy  Adjutant-General;  in  1777  a 
Major;  in  1779  a  Lieutenant-Colonel; 
and  he  was  present  at  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis,  at  Yorktown.  He  was  twice 
elected  to  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
serving  from  1810  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1817  to  1819.  In  1799  he  was,  at 
the  recommendation  of  Washington, 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in  the 
army  raised  by  Congress,  when  expec 
tations  were  entertained  of  a  war  with 
France. 

Huntington,  Jabez  W.  —  Born 
in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  November  8, 
1788,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1806.  He  studied  law  at  Litchficld,  and 
commenced  to  practise  there,  where  he 


remained  thirty  years.  In  1828  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
1829  was  a  Representative  in  Congress; 
which  office  he  filled  until  1834,  when 
he  removed  to  Norwich,  and  became  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors, 
and  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  his  State.  He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  1840  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Norwich,  November 
1,  1847. 

Huntsman,  Adam.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  Virginia,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1835  to  1837. 

Hutchins,  John. — Born  in  Vienna 
Township,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  July 
25, 1812 ;  was  chiefly  educated  by  private 
tutors,  although  he  spent  one  year  at  the 
Western  Reserve  College;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837;  in 
1838  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  Trumbull  County, 
holding  the  position  five  years ;  in  1849 
he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature ; 
served  a  number  of  years  as  a  Bank  Di 
rector;  and  in  1858  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ma 
nufactures. 

Hutchins,  Wells  A.  —  Was  born 
in  Hartford,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio, 
October  8,  1818;  received  a  common 
school  education  ;  taught  school  for  se 
veral  years  in  Ohio  and  Indiana ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  his  twenty- 
third  year  ;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Le 
gislature  in  1851 ;  in  1862  he  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  six  Provost  Marshals 
for  Ohio ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  theThirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce. 

Huuler,  John. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  having  become  a  citi 
zen  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Hyneman,  John  M. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1811  to  1813,  when  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


197 


resigned,  and  D.  Udree  was  elected  in 
his  place. 

Ihrie,  Peter. — He  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

Ilsley,  Daniel.  —  Born  in  Fal- 
mouth,  Massachusetts,  in  1740;  was  a 
distiller  by  occupation ;  served  three 
years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1807  to  1809.  Died  in. 
1813. 

Imlay,  James  H. — He  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1786 ;  was  for 
a  time  tutor  in  that  institution  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1797  to  1801. 

Inge,  Samuel  W. — He  was  born 
in  North  Carolina,  and  on  removing  to 
Alabama  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1851, 

Inge,  William  M. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

Ingersoll,  Charles  J. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  October  3,  1782;  received 
a  liberal  education;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Attorney 
for  Pennsylvania,  which  he  held  until 
1829.  In  1837,  he  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  Legation  to  Prussia.  He  was 
afterwards  re-elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1847,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fo 
reign  Affairs.  He  has  published  a  "  His 
tory  of  the  Second  American  War  with 
Great  Britain,"  and  several  other  works 
of  minor  importance,  including  some 
poetry.  He  has  also  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  various  Internal  Improvement 
Conventions;  and  in  1847  was  appointed 
by  President  Polk  Minister  to  France, 
but  was  rejected  by  the  Senate.  Died 
in  Philadelphia,  May  14,  1862. 

Ingersoll,  Colin  .M. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut  in  1820 ;  received  a  libe 
ral  education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  at 
St.  Petersburg,  by  appointment  of  Pre 


sident  Polk;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from 
1851  to  1855. 

Ingersoll,  Ebon  C. — Born  inOnei- 
da  County,  New  York,  December  12, 
1831 ;  removed  with  his  father  to  Illi 
nois  in  1843 ;  finished  his  education  at 
Padueah,  Kentucky  ;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1854 ;  in  1856  he  was 
elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature ;  and 
in  1864  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Owen 
Lovejoy. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  H. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  June  14,  1786;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1804;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  from  1842  to 
1849,  and  for  a  time  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee.  He  was  appointed 
by  President  Fiflmore  Minister  to  Eng 
land.  The  titles  of  LL.D.  and  D.C.L. 
Oxon.  have  been  conferred  upon  him. 

Ingersoll,  RalpliJ. — He  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1808;  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  Connecticut;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1825  to  1833,  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  Russia. 

Ingham,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Hebron,  Connecticut,  September  5, 
1793 ;  received  a  good  English  education 
in  Vermont,  and  studied  law  in  Connec 
ticut,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1815;  and  in  1817  he  settled  at  Say- 
brook,  which  has  since  been  his  home. 
From  1827  to  1835  he  was  State's  Attor 
ney  for  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and 
again  in  1843  and  1844;  he  was  a  Judge 
of  Probate  from  1829  to  1833  ;  Judge  of 
the  Middlesex  County  Court  from  1849 
to  1853;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1835 
to  1839,  having  officiated  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Aifairs,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  He  also  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Re 
presentatives  of  Connecticut,  three  years 
as  Speaker,  and  was  one  year  Clerk  of 
the  House;  he  was  appointed  in  1837,  by 
the  State,  an  agent  to  prosecute  certain 
claims  against  the  United  States,  and 


198 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  successful ;  and  in  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Com 
missioner  of  Customs.  In  1854  he  was 
a  candidate  for  the  office  of  United  States 
Senator,  and  received  the  entire  vote  of 
his  party  in  the  Legislature,  but  Senator 
Foster  was  elected. 

Ingham,  Satmiel  D.  —  He   was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  September  16, 
1773;  received  a  good  education;  had 
the  management  for  some  years  of  a 
paper-mill  in  Eastern  New  Jersey; 
served  three  years  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature ;  held  for  a  time  the  office  of 
Prothonotary  to  one  of  the  Courts  of  that 
State ;  and  w"as  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1813  to  1818,  and  from  1822 
to  1829,  serving  as  Chairman  of  several 
Committees,  when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury.  Died  at  Trenton,  New  Jer 
sey,  June  5,  1860. 

Iredell,  James. — Corn  in  Chowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1788.  He 
was  for  several  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  that  State,  part  of  the  time  Speaker 
of  the  House;  in  1812  commanded  a  com 
pany  of  volunteers,  who  went  to  Norfolk 
to  repel  the  British;  in  1819  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court ; 
in  1827  was  elected  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1828  to  1831.  Toward  the 
close  of  his  life  he  was  a  Keporter  of  the 
Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
died  at  Edenton,  April  13,  1853. 

Irvin,  Alexander. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Irvin,  James.  —  He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1845! 

Irvine,  William.  —  Born  in  Ire 
land  ;  educated  for  the  medical  profes 
sion  ;  served  as  surgeon  on  board  of  a 
British  ship,  in  the  war  which  began  in 
1754,  and  after  the  peace  of  1763  settled 
at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.  In  1774  he 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention ; 
in  1776  he  served  in  Canada,  and  ac 
companied  Colonel  Thompson  from  So- 
relle  to  dislodge  the  enemy  from  Trois 
Rivieres  ;  but  was  taken  prisoner,  June 
16,  and  remained  as  such  at  Quebec  un 


til  exchanged  in  1778.  On  his  release 
he  was  promoted  to  the  command  of  the 
Second  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  and  in 
1781  the  defence  of  the  northwestern 
frontier  was  intrusted  to  him,  and  he 
attained  the  rank  of  Major-General.*  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  after 
the  war,  from  1793  to  1795.  He  was  a 
Commissioner  during  the  Whiskey  In 
surrection  of  1794,  and  removed  shortly 
after  to  Philadelphia,  and  was  appoint 
ed  Superintendent  of  Military  Stores. 
He  died  July  30,  1804,  aged  sixty-three 
.years. 

Irvine,  William. — He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mi 
litia. 

Irvine.   William   W. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  State  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
and  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1829  to  1833.  In  1843 
he  was  appointed  Charge"  d'Aifaires  to 
Denmark.  He  died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
April,  1842. 

Irving,  William. — He  was  born 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  August  16, 
1766;  from  1787  to  1791  was  an  Indian 
trader  on  the  Mohawk ;  was  subsequent 
ly  a  merchant  in  New  York  City,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1813 
to  1819,  and  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures. 
He  was  a  brother  of  Washington  Ir 
ving,  for  whose  "Salmagundi"  he  wrote 
several  poems  and  essays.  He  was  dis 
tinguished  for  his  colloquial  powers, 
and  was  a  popular  as  well  as  an  influen 
tial  member  of  Congress,  but  he  resigned 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term,  on 
account  of  his  health.  He  died  Novem 
ber  9,  1821. 

Irwin,  Jared. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  adopted  the 
Constitution  of  1789  ;  was  Governor  of 
Georgia,  from  1796  to  1798,  and  also 
from  1806  to  1809.  He  removed  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1813  to  1817,  and  died  March  1,  1818, 
aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Irwin,  Thomas.— He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1829  to  1831,  and  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


199 


in  the  latter  year  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  United  States  Judge  of 
the  Western  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Invin,    William    W.— He  was  a 

member  of  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1841  to  1843 ;  and  from  1843 
to  1847  he  was  ChargS  d' Affaires  of  the 
United  States  to  Denmark.  He  died  in 
Pittsburg,  September  15,  1856. 

Isaacs,  Jacob  C.— He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1833. 

Iverson,  Alfred. — Born  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia,  December  3,  1798 ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1820; 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  served  three 
years  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  and  one  year  as  Senator 
in  the  Legislature  of  Georgia.  Twice 
elected  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
that  State  for  terms  of  three  and  four 
years  ;  was  one  of  the  Electors  at  large 
in  the  Presidential  election  of  1844; 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirtieth 
Congress,  and  served  two  years.  In 

1854  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate   for   six  years,   from   March  4, 

1855  ;  and  for  a  long  time  acted  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Claims,  and 
as   a   member  of   the   Committees    on 
Military  Affairs,  and  the  Pacific  Rail 
road.     Resigned  in  February,  1861,  and 
joined  the  Great  Rebellion. 

Ives,  Willard. — He  was  born  in 
Watertown,  New  York,  July  7,  1806 ; 
received  a  good  English  education  ;  is  a 
farmer  by  occupation  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1851  to  1853.  In  1846  he  was 
elected  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  a  Delegate  to  the  Christian 
World's  Convention,  which  was  held  in 
London. 

Izard,  Halph. — A  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1789  to  1795,  President  of  the  Se 
nate  pro  tern,  during  the  first  session  of 
the  Third  Congress,  and  a  distinguished 
and  eloquent  statesman.  In  the  judg 
ment  of  Washington  no  man  was  more 
honest  in  public  life.  He  died  at  South 
Bay,  May  30,  1804,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

Jack,  William* — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 


tive  in  Congress,  from  ttiat  State,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Jackson,  Andrew. — Born  at  the 
Waxsaw  Settlement,  North  Carolina, 
March  15,  1767.  When  fourteen  years 
of  age  he  left  the  academy  where  he  had 
been  placed,  and  entered  the  Revolu 
tionary  army,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  established  himself  as  a  lawyer  in 
Western  North  Carolina.  When  that 
part  of  the  country  became  a  Territory  in 
1790,  President  Washington  appointed 
him  Attorney  of  the  United  States  for 
the  new  district.  When  said  Territory 
was  formed  into  the  State  of  Tennessee, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  drew  up  the  new  Constitution, 
and  he  was  immediately  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  serving  one  term, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  continued  until 
1798.  His  next  public  position  was  that 
of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court ;  and 
having  been  chosen  Major-General  of 
one  of  the  divisions  of  the  Tennessee 
militia,  he  retained  the  office  until  1814, 
when  he  went  into  the  regular  army 
with  the  same  rank.  He  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  army  at  New 
Orleans,  and  January  8,  1815,  obtained 
his  famous  victory  over  the  British.  In 
1817-18  he  conducted  the  Seminole  war 
in  Florida,  and  soon  after  retired  from 
the  army.  In  1823  he  was  again  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  remained 
there  two  years.  He  was  elected  Presi 
dent  in  1828,  and  re-elected  in  1832. 
The  events  which  marked  his  adminis 
tration  were,  the  difficulties  with  France, 
the  suppression  of  the  Nullification  move- 
ment  in  South  Carolina,  the  Indian  war 
in  Florida,  and  the  removal  of  the  de 
posits  from  the  United  States  Bank. 
He  retired  to  private  life  in  1836,  and 
in  the  peaceful  shades  of  the  Hermitage, 
in  Tennessee,  he  died,  June  8,  1845. 
That  he  was  a  remarkable  man  is  the 
undisputed  verdict  of  his  countrymen 
throughout  the  LTnion. 

Jackson,  David  S. — He  was  bom 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1848. 

Jackson,  Ebenezer,  Jr. — He  was 
born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
to  fill  an  unexpired  term,  from  1834  to 
1835. 


200 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Jackson,  Edward  J2.  —  He  was 

born  in  Harrison  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1823.  Died 
September  8,  1826. 

Jackson.  Jabez.—Rz  was  born  in 
Georgia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1836  to 
1839. 

Jackson,  James. — Born  in  Devon, 
England,  in  1757,  and  came  to  this  coun 
try  in  1772.  Early  in  the  American 
Revolution  he  joined  the  army  ;  in  1778 
was  made  Brigade-Major  ;  and  in  1781 
commanded  the  Legionary  Corps  of  the 
State  of  Georgia.  When  the  British 
evacuated  Savannah,  July  12,  1782?  he. 
received  the  keys.  For  his  various 
services  the  Assembly  of  the  State  pre 
sented  him  with  a  house  and  lot  in 
Savannah.  On  the  return  of  peace  he 
engaged  with  success  in  the  practice  of 
law  ;  in  1780  he  fought  .a  duel  with 
Lieutenant-Governor  Wells,  whom  he 
slew,  but  was  wounded  himself  in  both 
knees  ;  and  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  first  Con 
stitution  of  Georgia.  He  was  chosen  a 
Representative  in.  Congress  in  1789, 
from  Georgia,  and  soon  after  a  Senator, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1795.  He 
was  Major- General  of  the  Georgia 
militia;  and  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1798  till  his  election  as  Senator  in  1801. 
He  died  March  18,  1806,  aged  forty- 
eight. 

Jackson,  James.  —  He  was  born 
in  Jefferson  County,  Georgia,  in  1819 ; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia 
in  1837  ;  and,  having  studied  law,  com 
menced  the  practice  in  1840.  In  1842 
he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Senate 
of  Georgia,  holding  the  office  one  year; 
in  1845  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  re-elected  to  the  same  posi 
tion  in  1847  ;  in  1849  he  was  chosen  by 
the  Legislature  Judge  of  the  Western 
Circuit  of  his  State,  and  was  elected  to 
the  same  office  by  the  people  in  1853, 
and  again  in  1857.  In  June  of  that  year 
he  was  nominated  for  Congress,  resigned 
his  judgcship,  and  in  October  following 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Claims,  and 
Revolutionary  Claims.  Re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  Resigned 


in  February,  1861,  and  returned  to 
Georgia. 

Jackson,  James  S. — He  was  born 
in  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law.  He 
served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  Captain 
of  volunteers.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress ;  but,  while 
the  Rebellion  was  progressing,  he  re 
cruited  a  regiment  of  Kentucky  cavalry ; 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  Brigadier- 
General,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Perryville,  in  1862,  bravely  fighting  in 
the  service  of  his  country. 

Jackson,  John  G. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1795  to  1797,  from  1799  to  1810, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1817. 

Jackson,  Joseph  W. — He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  City  Council 
of  Savannah  ;  at  one  time  Mayor  of  the 
city ;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1850  to  1853.  Died  at  Savannah,  De 
cember  28,  1854. 

Jackson,  Richard  S.  —  Born  in 
1764,  and  died  at  Providence,  April  18, 
1838.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1808  to  1815. 
In  early  life  he  was  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business,  and  was  among  the  first, 
in  this  country,  who  embarked  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton.  He  filled  seve 
ral  important  public  offices,  and  was 
distinguished  for  his  benevolence. 

Jackson,  Thomas  IB.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1841 ;  and  was  also,  for 
three  years,  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  New  York. 

Jackson,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  September  6,  1783 ; 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  railroad  en 
terprise  in  Massachusetts ;  and  from 
1834  to  1837,  and  1841  to  1843,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  from  1829  to  1832; 
and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  President 
of  the  Newton  Bank.  He  died  at  New 
ton,  Massachusetts,  February  27,  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


201 


Jackson,  W.  T. — Born  in  Chester, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  December 
29,  1794 ;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  and  has  been  chiefly  em 
ployed  in  mercantile  business.  He  was 
Justice  of  the  Peace  several  years  in 
Havana,  New  York,  and  held  the  office 
of  County  Judge  four  years.  In  1848 
he  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  and  served  one  term. 

Jacobs,  Israel. — He  was  born  in 
Germany,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1791  to  1793. 

James,  Charles  T. — Was  born  in 
West  Greenwich,  Rhode  Island,  in  1806 ; 
received  a  limited  education ;  early 
turned  his  attention  to  mechanics  as 
connected  with  the  cotton  interest ; 
wrote  a  series  of  papers  on  the  culture 
and  manufacture  of  cotton  in  the  South ; 
and  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1851  to  1857,  from  Rhode  Island.  He 
subsequently  invented  a  rifled  cannon, 
and  he  met  his  death  from  the  explosion 
of  a  shell  of  his  own  invention,  while 
trying  experiments  at  Sag  Harbor,  New 
York,  October  17,  1862. 

James,  Francis. — He  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1843. 

Jameson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1830  to 
1831,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845,  and 
for  another  term  from  1847  to  1849. 

Janes,  Henry  F. — He  was  born  at 
Brimfield,  Hampd'en  County,  Massachu 
setts,  in  October,  1792 ;  studied  law  in 
Montpelier,  Yermont,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Washington  County  in 
1817,  and  commenced  to  practise  at 
Waterbury  in  that  year.  From  1820  to 
1830  he  was  Postmaster  at  Waterbury  ; 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  from  1830  to  1834,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1835  to  1837.  He  was  State 
Treasurer  from  1838  to  1841 ;  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  Censors  in  1848 ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Legislature,  from  Wa 
terbury,  in  1855 ;  since  which  time  he 
has  practised  his  profession. 

Jarnagin,   Spencer.  —  Born    in 


Granger  County,  Tennessee ;  graduated 
at  Greenville  College  in  1813 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1817;  and  was  United  States  Senator, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1841  to  1847.  He 
died  in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  June  24, 
1851. 

Jarvis,  Leonard. — He  was  born 

in  1782;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1800;  and  died  in  Surrv,  Maine, 
September  18,  1854.  He  was  Sheriff  of 
Hancock  County  from  1821  to  1829; 
Collector  of  Customs  for  the  Penobscot 
District  from  1829  to  1831 ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1831  to  1837,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 
From  1838  to  1841  he  held  the  office  of 
Navy  Agent  for  the  Port  of  Boston. 

Jayne,  William. — Born  in  Spring 
field,  Illinois,  October  8,  1826  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  medicine,  and  practised 
eleven  years  in  Springfield ;  in  1859  was 
elected  Mayor  of  that  city  ;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1860  and  1861 ; 
during  the  latter  year  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Dakota  Territory ;  and  in 
1862  he  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Dakota  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 
After  occupying  his  seat  for  some  time, 
he  was  superseded  by  J.  B.  S.  Todd. 

Jefferson,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
at  Shadwell,  Virginia,  in  1743.  His 
education  was  principally  conducted  by 
private  tutors,  although  he  passed  two 
years  at  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary.  He  adopted  the  law  as  his  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Virginia  from  1769  to  the  com 
mencement  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion.  In  1775  he  was  a  Delegate  in  Con 
gress  ;  and  on  May  15,  1776,  the  Con 
vention  of  Virginia  instructed  their 
delegates  to  propose  a  Declaration  of  In 
dependence.  In  June,  Mr.  Lee  accord 
ingly  made  the  motion,  and  it  was  voted 
that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  pre 
pare  one.  The  committee  was  elected 
by  ballot,  and  consisted  of  Thomas  Jef 
ferson,  John  Adams,  Benjamin  Frank 
lin,  Roger  Sherman,  and  Robert  R. 
Livingston.  The  Declaration  was  ex 
clusively  the  work  of  Jefferson,  to  whom 
the  right  of  drafting  it  belonged,  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee,  though 
alterations  and  amendments  were  made 
in  it  by  Adams,  Franklin,  and  other 
members  of  the  Committee,  and  after- 


14 


202 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


wards  by  Congress.  Jefferson  retired 
from  Congress  September,  1776,  and 
took  a  seat  in  the  Legislature  of  his 
State  in  October.  In  1779  he  was  chosen 
Governor,  and  held  the  office  two  years. 
He  declined  a  foreign  appointment  in 
1776,  and  again  in  1781.  He  accepted 
the  appointment  of  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  for  negotiating  peace,  but  before 
he  sailed,  news  was  received  of  the  sign 
ing  of  the  provisional  treaty,  and  he 
was  excused  from  proceeding  on  the 
mission.  He  returned  to  Congress.  In 
1784  he  wrote  notes  on  the  establish 
ment  of  a  money-unit,  and  of  a  coinage 
for  the  United  States  ;  in  May  of  that 
year  he  was  appointed,  with  Adams  and 
Franklin,  a  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  negotiate  treaties  of  commerce  with 
foreign  nations.  In  1785  he  was  Minis 
ter  to  the  French  Court.  In  1789  he 
returned  to  America,  and  received  from 
Washington  the  appointment  of  Secre 
tary  of  State,  which  he  held  till  Decem 
ber,  1793,  and  then  resigned.  In  Sep 
tember,  1794,  when  an  appointment  was 
offered  him  by  Washington,  he  replied, 
"  No  circumstance  will  ever  more  tempt 
me  to  engage  in  anything  public. ' '  Not 
withstanding  this  determination,  he  suf 
fered  himself  to  be  a  candidate  for  Pre 
sident,  and  was  chosen  Vice-President 
in  1796.  At  the  election  in  1801  he  and 
Aaron  Burr  having  an  equal  number  of 
electoral  votes,  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives,  after  a  severe  struggle,  finally 
determined  in  his  favor.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1805.  At  the  end  of  his  se 
cond  term  he  retired  from  office.  He 
died  July  4,  1826,  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  just  fifty  years  from  the  date 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
Preparations  had  been  made  throughout 
the  United  States  to  celebrate  this  day 
as  a  jubilee ;  and  it  is  a  most  remarkable 
fact,  that  on  the  same  day  John  Adams, 
a  signer  with  Jefferson  of  the  Declara 
tion,  and  the  second  on  the  Committee 
for  drafting  it,  and  his  immediate  pre 
decessor  in  the  office  of  President,  also 
died.  Jefferson's  publications  were  : 
Summary  View  of  the  Eights  of  British 
America,  1774;  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence,  1776 ;  Notes  on  Virginia, 
1781  ;  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Prac 
tice,  for  the  Use  of  the  Senate ;  Life  of 
Captain  Lewis,  1814 ;  and  some  papers 
of  a  philosophical  character.  His  works, 
chiefly  letters,  were  first  published  by 
his  grandson,  Thomas  Jefferson  Ran 
dolph,  four  volumes,  8vo.,  1829. 


Jenckes,    Thomas    A. — He    was 

born  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  in 
1818  ;  received  a  liberal  education  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  practised  the  profession 
until  elected,  in  1863,  a  Representative, 
from  Rhode  Island,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents. 

Jenifer,  Daniel. — Was  frequently 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  of 
Maryland,  and  represented  that  State  in 
Congress,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  from 
1835  to  1841.  During  the  administra 
tions  of  Presidents  Harrison  and  Tyler, 
he  was  the  United  States  Minister  to 
Austria.  He  died  December  18,  1855, 
near  Port  Tobacco,  Maryland. 

Jenkins,  Albert  G. — Was  born  in 
Cabell  County,  Virginia,  November  10, 
1830;  graduated  at  Jefferson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  and  in  law  at  Cambridge, 
in  1850  ;  never  practised  law,  but  has 
been  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits; 
was  a  member  of  the  Cincinnati  Na 
tional  Convention  in  1856 ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Virginia, 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia ;  and  also  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Com 
mittee. 

Jenkins,  Lemuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Jenkins,  Robert. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Jenkins,  Timothy.  —  Born  in 
Barre,  Worcester  County,  Massachu 
setts,  January  29,  1799;  received  an 
academic  education  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1824,  prac 
tising  his  profession  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York ;  he  was  District  Attorney 
for  that  county  six  years,  and  resigned 
the  office  on  being  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirtieth  and 
Thirty-second.  Died  at  Martinsburg, 
New  York,  December  24,  1859. 

Jenks,  Michael  H. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in"  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1845. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


203 


Jenness,  Benning   W. — He  was 

Judge  of  Probate  in  StrafFord  County, 
New  Hampshire,  from  1841  to  1845, 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  during  the  vears  1845  and 
1846. 

Jennings,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Hunterdoii  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1825  to  1826. 

Jennings,  Jonathan. — He  was 

born  in  Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey, 
and  was  the  first  Governor  of  Indiana, 
and  twice  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1809  to 
1816,  and  from  1822  to  1831.  In  1818 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
Indian  Commissioner.  He  died  near 
Charlestown,  Clarke  Countv,  Indiana, 
July  26,  1834. 

Jewett,    Freeborn    G. — He   was 

born  in  New  York  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1826  and 
1827  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  same,  from  1831  to  1833. 
From  1846  to  1856  he  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  ;  and 
died  February  23,  1858,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years. 

Jewett,  Joshua  H. — He  was  born 
at  Deer  Creek,  Harford  County,  Mary 
land,  September  13,  1812,  and,  having 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  removed 
to  Kentucky,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses. 
He  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

Jewett,  Luther. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1795  ;  was  both  a  clergyman  and 
a  physician  ;  for  fifteen  years  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  Legislature  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Johns,  Kensey. —  Was  born  in 
Delaware,  December  10,  1791 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1810  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1813 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1827  to 
1831  ;  in  1832  he  was  appointed  Chan 
cellor  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  in  which 
capacity  he  was  still  serving  at  the  time 


of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  New 
Castle,  March  "28,  1857. 

Johnson,  Andrew. — He  was  born 

in  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  December 
29,  1808  ;  when  ten  years  of  age  he  was 
apprenticed  to  a  tailor,  and  worked  at 
that  business,  in  South  Carolina,  until 
his  seventeenth  year  ;  he  never  attended 
school,  but  acquired  a  good  common 
education  by  studying  alone.  Having 
removed  to  Greenville,  Tennessee,  he 
was  elected  Mayor  of  that  place  in  1830 ; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1835  ;  to  the  State  Senate  in  1841 ;  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1843  to  1853. 
During  the  latter  year  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Tennessee,  and  re-elected 
in  1855.  He  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  in  1857,  for  the  term  ending 
in  1863.  He  has  served  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Public  Lands,  and  on  the 
District  of  Columbia.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Mili 
tary  Governor  of  Tennessee  ;  and  by 
the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864  was 
nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice-Pre- 
sident  of  the  United  States. 

Johnson,  Cave. — He  was  born  in 
Robertson  County,  Tennessee,  January 
11,  1793 ;  received  a  liberal  education, 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  was 
a  Circuit  Judge  for  a  few  years  ;  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1829  to  1837,  and 
again  from  1839  to  1845,  after  which  he 
went  into  the  Cabinet  of  President  Polk 
as  Postmaster-General.  He  also  held 
for  many  years  the  position  of  President 
of  the  Bank  of  Tennessee,  which  he  re 
signed  in  1859. 

Johnson,  Charles. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Johnson,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Caroline  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Johnson,  Harvey  A.  —  He  was 

born  in  Vermont,  and  having  removed 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Johnson,  Henry. — He  was  born 


204 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Virginia  in  1781 ;  removed  to  Loui 
siana  when  quite  young,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber,  in  1812,  of  the  Convention  called 
to  form  a  Constitution  for  Louisiana ; 
from  1818  to  1824  he  served  the  State 
as  a  Senator  in  Congress ;  from  1824  to 
1828  he  was  Governor  of  Louisiana ; 
from  1835  to  1839  he  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress ;  and  was  a  second 
time  elected  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  serving  from  1843  to  18.49.  He 
died  at  his  residence  in  Louisiana,  on 
the  21st  of  August,  1864,  commanding 
in  his  old  age,  as  he  did  in  the  Senate, 
the  highest  respect  of  all  who  knew  him. 

Johnson,  Herschel  V. — Born  in 

Burke  County,  Georgia,  September  18, 
1812.  He  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Georgia  in  1834,  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law.  He  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1844  ;  in  1848  was  appointed 
to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United  States 
Senate;  and  in  1849  he  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  In  1860 
he  was  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Vice- 
President  on  the  ticket  with  Mr.  Doug 
las,  but  was  defeated  ;  and  subsequently 
served  in  the  Confederate  Senate. 

Johnson,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1813 
to  1820,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  Norfolk  and  Ports 
mouth,  Virginia.  He  also  served  in  the 
State  Legislature.  Died  at  Norfolk, 
December  7,  1825. 

Johnson,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Orange  County,  Virginia;  served  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel  under  Colonel  R. 
M.  Johnson,  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  during  the  years  1825 
and  1826,  his  death  having  been  an 
nounced  in  the  House  in  December, 
1826. 

Johnson,  James. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Georgia,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Johnson,  James  H.  —  He    was 

born  in  New  Hampshire,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1845  to  1847,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures.  He  was 


also  a  State  Councillor  in  1842  and  1843, 
and  a  State  Senator  in  1839. 

Johnson,  James  L. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Johnson,  Jeromus. — He  was  born 

in  King's  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York  City,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  died 
in  Goshen,  Orange  County,  New  York, 
September  7,  1846. 

Johnson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
the  County  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1808  ; 
received  a  common  school  education, 
and  emigrated  to  Ohio,  in  1824,  where 
he  is  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
Senate,  and  in  the  last  Constitutional 
Convention  of  that  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Johnson,  John  T. — He  was  born 

in  Scott  County,  Kentucky ;  was  brother 
of  Richard  M.  Johnson  ;  once  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky,  and 
represented  that  State  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1825.  For  thirty  years  he  was 
a  preacher  of  the  Gospel,  without  a  sa 
lary.  He  died  in  Lexington,  Missouri, 
December  18,  1857. 

Johnson,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  Orange  County,  New  York,  and  on 
removing  to  Virginia,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to 
1827,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  from  1845 
to  1847.  He  was  also  Governor  of  Vir 
ginia  from  1852  to  1856. 

Johnson,  Noadiah. — He  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  New  York  ;  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1833  to  1835; 
and  died  at  Albany,  April  4,  1839. 

Johnson.  Perley  B. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

Johnson,  Philip.— Was  born  in 

Warren  County,  New  Jersey,  January 
17,  1818 ;  in  1839  he  removed  with  his 
father  to  Pennsylvania,  settling  in 
Northampton  County  ;  and  he  was  edu 
cated  at  Lafayette  College,  where  he 
spent  two  years,  after  which  he  spent 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


205 


two  years  teaching  school  in  the  South. 
On  his  return  home  he  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848,  and  soon 
afterwards  elected  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Sessions  and  of  the  Oyer  and  Terminer. 
In  1853  and  1854  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Assembly.  In  1857  he  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Democratic  State  Conven 
tion.  In  1860  he  was  the  Revenue 
Commissioner  for  the  Third  Judicial 
District  of  the  State,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Roads  and  Canals, 
and  on  Patents  ;  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Terri 
tories.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Johnson,  Iteverdy. — Born  in  An 
napolis,  Maryland,  May  21,  1796  ;  was 
educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapo 
lis  ;  studied  law  with  his  father  ;  and 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  has 
practised  his  profession  without  inter 
mission  to  the  present  time ;  his  first 
appointment  was  that  of  State  Attor 
ney ;  in  1817  he  removed  to  Baltimore 
(where  he  has  since  resided),  and  in  1820 
was  appointed  Chief  Commissioner  of 
Insolvent  Debtors,  which  office  he  held 
until  1821,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  serving  two  years ;  was 
re-elected,  and  resigned  in  the  second 
3?ear  of  that  term  ;  in  1845  he  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he  remain 
ed  until  1849,  when  he  resigned  to  ac 
cept  the  post  of  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States,  bestowed  upon  him 
by  President  Taylor.  On  his  leaving 
the  latter  position,  he  turned  his  whole 
attention  to  his  profession,  practising 
chiefly  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Johnson  has  also 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  preparation 
of  seven  volumes  of  Reports  of  Decisions 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland. 
He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861,  and  in  1862  he  was  again 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  for  the  term  commencing 
March,  1863,  and  ending  1869,  and 
serving  on  the  Library  Committee,  and 
that  on  the  Judiciary. 

Johnson,  Richard  M. — He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  in  1780,  and  died  at 
Frankfort,  November  19, 1850.  In  1807 
he  was  chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  which  post  he 


held  until  1813.  In  1813  he  raised  a 
volunteer  regiment  of  cavalry,  of  one 
thousand  men,  to  fight  the  British  and 
Indians  on  the  Lakes,  and  during  the 
campaign  that  followed,  served  with 
great  credit,  under  General  Harrison, 
as  a  Colonel  of  that  regiment.  He 
greatly  distinguished  himself  at  the 
battle  of  the  Thames,  and  the  chief 
Tecumseh  is  said  to  have  been  killed  by 
his  hand.  In  1814  he  was  appinted  In 
dian  Commissioner,  by  President  Madi 
son.  He  was  again  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1815  to  1819.  In  1819 
he  went  from  the  House  into  the  United 
States  Senate,  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  ; 
was  re-elected,  and  served  as  Senator 
until  1829.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
House,  and  remained  there  until  1837, 
when  he  became  Yice-President,  and  as 
such  presided  over  the  Senate.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Legislature,  and  he  died 
from  a  second  attack  of  paralysis.  He 
was  a  kind-hearted,  courageous  and  ta 
lented  man. 

Johnson,  JR.  W. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  in  1814;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ar 
kansas,  in  1847,  and  served  until  1853, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Printing,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs, 
and  on  Public  Lands. 

Johnson,  William  C.  —  Born  in 
Frederick  County,  Maryland,  in  1806 ; 
received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  Supreme  Court  in  1831 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  from  1837  to  1843.  .He 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  before 
entering  and  after  he  left  Congress ; 
was  a  member  of  the  last  Convention 
for  revising  the  Constitution  of  Mary 
land  ;  and  was  President  of  the  Na 
tional  Convention  of  Young  Men,  which 
met  in  Washington  to  nominate  Henry 
Clay  for  President.  When  in  Congress, 
Mr.  Johnson  officiated,  for  a  nunrber  of 
years,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands,  and  also  as  a  member 
of  the  Judiciary  Committee.  Died  in 
Washington,  April  16,  1860. 

Johnson,  William  S.  —  Born  at 

Stratford,  Connecticut,  October  7,  1727; 


206 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1744 ; 
studied  law,  and  acquired  distinction 
as  a  pleader  and  orator.  In  1765  lie 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Congress  at  New 
York,  and  in  1706  an  agent  for  the 
Colony  to  England.  In  1772  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Connecticut ;  was  again  a  Delegate 
to  the  New  York  Congress  in  1785,  and 
was  a  member  in  1787  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  framed  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  'States.  He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
from  1792  to  1800,  President  of  Colum 
bia  College,  in  New  York  ;  after  which 
he  returned  to  his  native  village,  where 
he  died,  November  14,  1819. 

Johnston,  Charles.  —  Born  in 
Chowan  County,  North  Carolina ;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  for 
many  years,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress  during  the  years  1801  and 
1802,  having  died  before  the  expiration 
of  his  term. 

Johnston,  Charles  C. — A  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1831  to  1832,  having  died  at  Washing 
ton,  June  18,  of  the  latter  year.  He 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Imprisonment  for  Debt.  He  was  found 
drowned  in  the  Potomac,  near  Alexan 
dria. 

Johnston,   Josiah   8. — He  was 

born  in  Salisbury,  Connecticut,  Novem 
ber  25, 1784,  but  was  taken  by  his  father, 
in  infancy,  to  Kentucky.  He  graduated 
at  Transylvania  University,  and  studied 
law.  He  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1805, 
and  commenced  his  professional  career 
at  Alexandria,  on  the  Red  River ;  and, 
in  1812,  was  a  leading  man  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  he  was  next  appointed 
District  Judge,  and  represented  Loui 
siana,  in  Congress,  from  1821  to  1823; 
and  in  1824  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  retaining  that  position 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  May 
19,  1833,  by  the  explosion  of  gunpowder 
on  board  the  steamboat  Lioness,  on 
Red  Biver. 

Johnston,  Samuel. — Governor  of 
North  Carolina,  from  1787  to  1789;  was 
President  of  the  Convention  of  that 
State  which  ratified  the  Federal  Con 
stitution,  and  had  been  a  member  of 
Congress  previous  to  1789,  when  he  was 
appointed  Senator,  from  North  Caro 


lina,  and  served  till  1793 ;  was  after 
wards  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Law  and  Equity.  He  was  a  native  of 
Edenton,  and  died  at  Sherwarkey,  Au 
gust  18,  1816,  aged  eighty-three. 

Johnston,    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Ireland  in  1819 ;  removed  to 
Ohio  in  early  life  ;  received  a  good  edu 
cation  ;  held  a  variety  of  local  offices  in 
Richmond  County,  where  he  has  long 
resided  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Claims,  and  on  Expendi 
tures  on  the  Public  Buildings. 

Jones,  Benjamin. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and,  having  removed  to 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837. 

Jones,  Daniel  T. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and,  having  settled  in 
New  York,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Jones,  Francis. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1817  to  1823. 

Jones,  George. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  during  the 
session  of  1807. 

Jones,  George  W. — Born  at  Vin- 
cennes,  Indiana,  and  graduated  at  Tran 
sylvania  University,  Kentucky,  in  1825. 
He  was  bred  to  the  law,  but  ill  health 
prevented  him  from  practising.  He 
was  Clerk  of  the  United  States  District 
Court,  in  Missouri,  in  1826 ;  served  as  an 
aide-de-camp  to  General  Henry  Dodge 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war ;  was  chosen 
Colonel  of  militia  in  1832;  subsequently 
Major-General ;  also  a  Judge  of  the 
County  Court ;  in  1835  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  and  served  four 
years ;  in  1839  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Van  Buren,  Surveyor-General 
of  the  Northwest ;  was  removed  in  1841 
for  his  politics,  but  reappointed,  by 
President  Polk,  and  remained  in  the 
office  until  1849;  in  1848  he  was  elected 
a  United  States  Senator,  from  Iowa,  for 
six  years,  and  re-elected  in  1852,  officia 
ting  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


207 


Pensions,  and  on  Enrolled  Bills,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  last 
term  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Minister  to  New  Granada. 
In  1861  he  was  charged  with  disloyalty, 
and  imprisoned  in  Fort  Warren. 

Jones,  George  W. — Born  in  King 
and  Queen  County,  Virginia,  March  15, 
1806.  He  began  life  by  adopting  the 
occupation  of  a  saddler ;  was  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  three  years  ;  in  1834  a 
Justice  to  hold  the  Quorum  Court  in 
Lincoln  County ;  in  1835  and  1837  was 
elected  to  the  Tennessee  Legislature  ; 
in  1839  to  the  State  Senate  ;  in  1840  and 
1842  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Lincoln 
County  Court ;  and  was  elected  a  Re- 
presentative  to  Congress,  in  1843,  to 
which  position  he  has  been  regularly 
re-elected  to  1859,  serving,  during  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 
In  1853,  upon  the  inauguration  of  Pre 
sident  Pierce,  Mr.  Jones  was  appoint 
ed  special  bearer  of  despatches  to  the 
American  Consul  at  Havana,  having 
been  authorized  to  administer  the  offi 
cial  oath  to  the  Vice-President,  W.  R. 
King,  who  had  visited  Cuba  for  his 
health.  In  1861  he  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Peace  Congress  held  in  Washing 
ton. 

Jones.  Isaac  D. — He  was  born  in 

Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  a  Delegate  also  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Jones.  James.  —  Born  in  Mary 
land,  and  removed  to  Georgia  when 
young.  He  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Savannah.  He  was  often  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Georgia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1799 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Washington,  January  12,  1801. 

Jones,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Amelia  County,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1823. 

Jones,  James  C. — Born  in  Wil 
son  County,  Tennessee,  June  8,  1809 ; 
received  a  good  education ;  devoted 
himself  in  early  life  to  farming  ;  first 
entered  public  life  in  1839  as  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  ;  was  Go 


vernor  of  Tennessee,  from  1841  to  1845, 
serving  two  terms  ;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1841  and  1849  ;  and  in  1851 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  serving  the  whole  of 
his  term  of  six  years.  Died  at  Mem 
phis,  Tennessee,  October  29,  1859.  He 
was  for  many  years  devoted  to  the  pub 
lic  interests  of  Memphis,  and  his  native 
State,  and  was  distinguished  for  his 
abilities. 

Jones,  J.  Glancy. — He  was  born 
on  the  Conestoga  River,  Pennsylvania, 
October  7, 1811.  By  his  early  education 
he  was  prepared  for  the  church,  but 
preferred  the  law,  to  which  he  devoted 
himself  with  success  ;  and  while  Deputy 
Attorney-General  of  the  State,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  serving  (excepting 
a  part  of  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
when  Henry  W.  Muhlenburg  succeeded 
him),  from  1850  to  1858.  He  was  the 
author,  in  the  House,  of  the  bill  creating 
the  Court  of  Claims,  when  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims  ;  and  by  Mr. 
Speaker  Orr,  was  placed  at  the  head  of 
the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 
He  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856, 
and  was  tendered,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  the  Mission  to  Berlin,  which 
he  declined;  but  in  October,  1858,  he 
was  offered  the  mission  to  Austria,  and 
accepted  the  appointment. 

Jones,  John  J. — Born  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia,  November  13,  1824  ; 
graduated  at  Emory  College  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1848 ;  and  was  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revisal 
and  Unfinished  Business.  Resigned  in 
February,  1861,  and  returned  to  Georgia. 

Jones,  John  W. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835  to 
1845.  He  was  also  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  during  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Congress.  He  was  an  eminent 
politician,  and  died  January  29,  1848. 

Jones,  John  W. — Born  on  Rock 
Creek,  Montgomery  County,  Maryland, 
April  14,  1806  ;  when  quite  young  he 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  received  a  good  English  and 
classical  education,  at  the  Carlisle  Semi 
nary  ;  as  his  health  would  permit,  he 


208 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  medi 
cine,  attended  lectures  at  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Academy,  and  from  Jefferson 
College  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine.  In  1840  he 'was  elected 
to  the  Georgia  Legislature,  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1847  to  1849.  In  1849 
he  removed  to  Alabama,  and  devoted 
himself  to  agriculture ;  hut,  returning 
to  Georgia,  was  appointed  a  medical 
professor  in  the  Atlanta  Medical  Col 
lege.  He  enjoys  the  reputation  of  hav 
ing  done  much  for  the  cause  of  education 
in  the  States  of  Georgia  and  Alabama. 

Jones,    Nathaniel. — He    was    a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1827  and  1828;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1841 ;  a  State  Senator  in  1852  and 
1853  ;  and  also  held  the  offices  of  Sur 
veyor-General  of  the  State,  and  Canal 
Commissioner. 

Jones,  Owen. — Born  in  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  Re 
presentative,  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State. 

Jones,  Roland. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative,  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
from  that  State. 

Jones,  Seaborn. — He  was  born  in 
Columbus,  Georgia,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Jones,  Walter. — Born  in  Virginia, 
and  educated  as  a  physician  at  Edin 
burgh,  about  the  year  1770;  on  his  return 
he  settled  in  Northumberland  County, 
where  he  had  extensive  practice  in  his 
profession.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1797  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1803  to  1811.  He  died  in  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia,  December 
31,  1815,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Jones,  William. — Born  in  Phila 
delphia  ;  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle,  having  fought 
at  Trenton  and  Princeton  as  a  volun 
teer,  and  served  in  several  vessels  ;  he 
was  a  Lieutenant  under  Commodore 
Truxton,  and  was  twice  wounded  and 
twice  made  prisoner  ;  in  1790  settled  in 


Charleston,  South  Carolina,  whence  he 
returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1793;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1801  to  1803 ;  and 
was  for  a  short  time  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  under  President  Madison.  He 
was  also  President  of  the  Bank  of  the 
United  States  ;  Collector  of  Customs  at 
Philadelphia  ;  and  for  twenty-six  years 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  Society,  before  which  he  read 
many  valuable  communications,  which 
were  published.  Died  at  Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1831. 

Judson,  Andrew  T. — Born  at 
Eastford,  Connecticut,  November.  29, 
1784  ;  his  education  was  obtained  at  the 
common  schools,  and  under  the  in 
structions  of  his  father  and  brother. 
He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1806,  when  he  removed  to  Mont- 
pelier,  Vermont,  and  practised  in  that 
State  ;  he  afterwards  returned  to  his 
native  town,  and  in  1809  went  to  Can 
terbury,  which  he  made  his  permanent 
residence.  In  1819  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  State's  Attorney  for  Wind- 
ham  County,  which  office  he  held  for 
fourteen  years.  He  was  at  different 
times  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1839,  when 
he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  District 
Court,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  his  death.  In  October,  1850,  he 
was  designated,  by  the  Circuit  Judge  of 
the  Second  Circuit,  to  hold  the  Courts 
of  the  United  States  in  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York,  during  the  ill 
ness  of  the  distinguished  Judge  of  that 
District,  and  he  officiated  at  the  trial  of 
Mr.  O'Sullivan,  and  others,  for  the  at 
tempted  Cuban  invasion.  Among  the 
causes  which  were  brought  before  him 
for  adjudication,  was  the  libel  of  the 
Amistad,  and  the  fifty-four  Africans  on 
board.  He  died  at  home,  March  17, 
1853. 

Julian,  George  W. — Was  born  in 
Centreville,  Wayne  County,  Indiana, 
May  5,  1817  ;  received  a  good  common 
school  education ;  spent  three  years  as 
school  teacher ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840.  In  1845 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  In 
diana  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Buffalo 
Convention  of  1848;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1849  to  1851.  In  1852  he  was  nomi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


209 


nated  by  the  Pittsburg  Convention  for 
the  office  of  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  on  the  ticket  with  J.  P.  Hale  for 
President ;  and  in  1856  he  was  Vice- 
President  of  the  Republican  Conven 
tion  held  at  Pittsburg.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands, 
and  on  Public  Expenditures  •  and  in 
1862  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures. 

JunMn,  Benjamin  T. — Born  in 

Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
November  12,  1822;  educated  at  Fa- 
yette  College ;  studied  law  at  Carlisle, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844; 
was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Perry 
County  in  1850,  and  held  the  office 
three  years  ;  and  was  elected,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions. 

Kalbfleisch,    Martin.— He    was 

born  in  Flushing,  Netherlands,  Febru 
ary  6,  1804  ;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  a  chemist.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  early  in  life,  and  his  first  public 
position  was  that  of  Health  Warden  in 
New  York  City  in  1832.  In  1836  he 
was  Trustee  of  one  of  the  common 
schools  in  New  York ;  in  1852,  and  the 
two  following  years,  Supervisor  of  the 
town  of  Bushwick,  King's  County.  In 
1854  he  was  appointed  President  of  a 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  consoli 
dating  the  cities  of  Brooklyn,  Williams- 
burg,  and  Bushwick.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  an  Alderman  of  Brooklyn,  and 
having  been  re-elected,  was  President 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  from  1857  to 
1861 ;  during  the  latter  year  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Brooklyn ;  and  in  1862, 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department. 

Kane,  Ellas  K. — He  was  born  in 
New  York  State  about  the  year  1795, 
and  was  bred  to  the  legal  profession. 
At  an  early  period  of  his  life  he  went 
to  Tennessee,  and  finally  settled  in  Kas- 
kaskia,  in  Illinois  Territory,  in  1815. 


In  1818  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  framing  a  State  Constitu 
tion,  and  when  that  Government  was 
organized,  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  State.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  ;  and  from 
1825  to  1836  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims.  He  died  at  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  December  12,  1835. 

Kasson,  John  A. — He  was  born 

near  Burlington,  Vermont,  January 
11,  1822;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont ;  studied  law  in  Massachu 
setts,  and  practised  the  profession  in 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  until  1857,  when 
he  removed  to  Iowa.  In  1858  he  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  to  report 
upon  the  condition  of  the  Executive 
Departments  of  Iowa ;  assisted  in  1859 
in  organizing  the  State  Bank  of  Iowa, 
and  became  Director  for  the  State.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  which  office  he  resigned 
in  1862,  when  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Iowa,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means.  During 
the  summer  of  1863  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  a  Commissioner 
to  the  International  Postal  Congress  at 
Paris,  returning  in  August. 


Kaufman,  David    S. — Born  in 

Cumberland,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813 ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1833  ; 
not  long  after  he  removed  to  Natchez, 
Mississippi,  and  read  law  in  the  office  of 
General  Quitman.  In  1835  he  settled 
in  Natchitoches,  Louisiana.  In  1837 
he  emigrated  to  Nacogdoches,  in  Texas, 
and  in  1838  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Texan  Congress ;  he  was  twice 
re-elected,  and  twice  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  House.  In  1843  he  was  elected  to 
the  Senate,  and  from  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Relations,  in  1844,  presented  a 
report  in  favor  of  annexation,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  its  consummation.  In 
1845  he  was  appointed  Charge  to  this 
Government,  but  that  office  was  super 
seded  by  the  final  act  of  annexation, 
and  he  was  elected  one  of  the  fir.-t  mem 
bers  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
from  Texas,  serving  from  1846  to  1851. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  January  13,  1851. 

Kavanaghy  Edward. — He    was 


210 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


born  April  27,  1795;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1826,  1828,  1842, 
and  1843;  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1830 ;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1831  to  1835 ;  when 
he  was  appointed  Charge"  d'Affaires  to 
Portugal,  where  he  remained  until  1841. 
In  1842  he  was  a  Commissioner  for  set 
tling  the  Northeast  Boundary  ;  and  was 
acting  Governor  of  Maine  from  1843  to 
1844  ;  and  for  a  short  time  President  of 
the  State  Senate.  He  died  at  Newcastle, 
Maine,  January  20,  1844. 

Keese,  Richard. — Born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1827  to  1829. 

Keim,  George  M. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1838  to  1843. 

Keim,  William  if.— He  was  born 
in  Reading,  Berks  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  June  25,  1813 ;  was  educated  at  the 
Mount  Airy  Military  Academy ;  but 
he  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  continued  in  active  busi 
ness  until  1855.  He  held  almost  con 
tinually,  for  thirty  years,  a  number  of 
military  offices,  among  others  that  of 
Major-General  of  the  Fifth  Division 
of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  ;  in  1848  he 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Reading  ;  and  in 
November,  1858,  he  was  elected  to  fill 
the  unexpired  term  of  the  Hon.  J. 
Glancy  Jones  (appointed  Minister  to 
Austria),  and  took  his  seat  at  the  com 
mencement  of  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress. 

Keitty    Laivrence   M. — He    was 

born  in  Orangeburg  District,  South 
Carolina,  October  4,  1824 ;  graduated 
at  the  College  of  South  Carolina  in 
1843 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1845 ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1848;  and  in  1853 
to  a  seat  in  the  National  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  having  been  regularly  re- 
elected  until  December,  1860,  when  he 
resigned,  serving  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Just 
before  leaving  Congress,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Seceding  Convention  of  South 
Carolina,  and  subsequently  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Great  Rebellion  as  a 
member  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 


Killed  in  battle,  in  Virginia,  in  June, 
1864. 

Kelley,  William  D.— Was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  the  spring  of  1814  ; 
received  a  good  English  education ; 
commenced  life  as  a  reader  in  a  print 
ing-office  ;  spent  seven  years  as  an  ap 
prentice  in  a  jewelry  establishment ; 
removed  to  Boston,  and  followed  his 
trade  there  for  four  years,  devoting 
some  attention  to  literary  matters  ;  re 
turned  to  Philadelphia,  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841, 
and  held  the  office  for  some  years  of 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
in  Philadelphia.  In  addition  to  -his 
many  political  speeches,  a  number  of 
literary  addresses  have  been  published 
from  his  pen.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Indian 
Affairs,  and  Expenditures  on  Public 
Buildings.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Agriculture,  and  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

Kelloc/g,  Charles. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Berkshire  County,  Massachu 
setts  ;  served  six  years  in  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Cayuga  County,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Kellogg,  Francis    W. — Born  in 

Worthington,  Hampshire  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  30,  1810 ;  received  a 
limited  education,  and  having  removed 
to  Michigan,  entered  into  the  business 
of  lumbering.  He  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Michigan,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions  ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Public  Lands,  and  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post-office  Depart 
ment;  and  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

Kellogg,  Orlando.— Was  born  in 
Elizabethtown,  New  York,  in  1809; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirtieth  Congress ;  and 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures,  and  that  on  the  Militia. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


211 


Kellogg,  William. — Born  in  Ash- 
tabula  County,  Ohio,  July  8,  1814,  and 
removed  to  Illinois  in  1837.  His  edu 
cation  was  obtained  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  country,  and  having 
studied  law,  acquired  an  extensive  prac 
tice  in  the  district  of  disputed  land 
titles  in  Illinois.  He  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850,  and 
was  three  years  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Illinois,  and  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Judiciary  Committee. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Commit 
tee,  and  that  on  Government  Expendi 
tures.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln  Minister  to  Guate 
mala. 

Kelly,  James. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1805  to  1809. 

Kelly,  John. — Born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  April  21,  1821;  educated 
at  the  public  schools  in  that  city ;  by 
trade  a  mason ;  was  Alderman  of  the 
city  for  two  years  ;  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means.  In 
October,  1858,  he  was  elected  High 
Sheriff  for  the  City  and  County  of  New 
York.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Kelly,  William. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
during  the  years  1821  and  1822 ;  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1822  to  1825. 

Kelsey,  William  H. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture. 

Kemble,  Gouverneur. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1841. 

Kempshall,  Thomas. — He  was 

born  in  England,  arid  having  emigrated 
to  New  York,  was  a  Representative  in 


Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Kenan,  Thomas.— ^om  in  Duplin 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1771.  In 
1799  he  was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates  ;  served  in  the  State  Senate 
in  1804;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1805  to  1811.  He  sub 
sequently  removed  to  Alabama,  where 
he  served  for  many  }7ears  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State,  but  declined  a  re 
election  to  Congress.  Died  near  Selma, 
October  22,  1843. 

Kendall,  Jonas. — He  was  born  at 

Worcester,  Massachusetts,  in  1757 ;  ob 
tained  a  finished  education  by  his  own 
unaided  exertions ;  served  thirteen  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 
Died  in  Leominster,  Massachusetts,  Oc 
tober  22,  1844. 

Kendall,  Joseph    G.  —  Born  in 

1788  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1810,  and  was  a  tutor  in  that  University 
from  1812  to  1819.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  the  Northern 
District  of  Worcester  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1829  to  1833 ;  and  then 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  State  Courts. 
He  died  at  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
October  2,  1847. 

Kennedy,    Andrew.  —  Born    in 

Ohio  in  1810 ;  was  bred  a  blacksmith, 
and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  could  neither 
read  nor  write.  He  subsequently  stu 
died  law,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  of  Indiana ;  and  repre 
sented  that  State  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1847.  He  died  at  Muncietown,  In 
diana,  December  31,  1847. 

Kennedy,  Anthony.  —  Born  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1811 ;  removed, 
when  ten  years  of  age,  to  Virginia; 
educated  at  Jefferson  Academy,  Charles- 
town,  Virginia  ;  studied  law,  but  aban 
doned  it,  and  subsequently  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  cotton  and  in  plant 
ing.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Virginia,  from  1839  to  1843,  and 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress, 
from  Virginia ;  removed  to  Baltimore 
in  1850,  and  was  elected  to  the  Mary 
land  Legislature  in  1856,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Ways 
and  Means ;  and  by  that  body  elected 


212 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  the  United  States  Senate,  for  six 
years,  from  March  4,  1857,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  and  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Kennedy,  John  JP. — He  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  October,  1795.  He  stu 
died  law,  and  practised  in  that  city 
until  1888,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives,  in  the  Fede 
ral  Legislature,  and  served  in  that  body 
through  the  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-se 
venth,  and  Twenty-eighth  Congresses  ; 
elected  in  1846  to  the  House  of  Dele 
gates  of  Maryland  (of  which  he  had 
been  a  member  in  the  sessions  of  1820 
and  1822)  ;  he  was  made  Speaker,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  measure 
which  was  then  adopted  to  resume  the 
payment  of  the  State  debt,  and  the  re 
storation  of  the  public  credit.  Since 
1847,  he  has  held  no  local  political  post, 
but  has  devoted  his  time  to  literary  pur 
suits.  His  last  national  position  was 
that  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  under 
President  Fillmore.  In  1849,  he  was 
chosen  by  the  Kegents  of  the  University 
of  Maryland  to  preside  over  that  insti 
tution,  as  provost,  which  position  he 
now  occupies.  Among  his  various  poli 
tical  tracts,  speeches,  reports,  and  ad 
dresses,  which  have  been  published,  are 
"A  Keview  of  Mr.  Cambreling's  Free- 
Trade  Keport,  by  Mephistopheles,"  in 
1830;  "The  Memorial  of  the  Perma 
nent  Committee  of  the  New  York  Con 
vention  of  Friends  of  Domestic  Indus 
try,"  in  1833  ;  an  elaborate  report  on 
"The  Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the 
United  States,  by  the  Committee  of 
Commerce"  (of  which  Mr.  Kennedy 
was  chairman),  in  1842 ;  and  a  report 
from  the  same  Committee,  on  "  The 
Warehouse  System,"  in  1843.  Besides 
these,  he  has  published  several  pamph 
lets  and  tracts,  in  defence  of  the  pro 
tective  system.  In  the  field  of  general 
literature,  he  is  known  to  the  public  as 
the  author  of  "Swallow  Barn,  a  So 
journ  in  the  Old  Dominion,"  "  Horse 
shoe  Robinson,"  "Rob  of  the  Bowl," 
"Quod  Libet,"  "  Memoirs  of  the  Life 
of  William  Wirt,  late  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  United  States,"  sundry  his 
torical,  biographical,  and  literary  dis 
courses,  essays,  and  reviews,  which  have 
not  yet  been  collected  into  volumes. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the.  Histori 
cal  Society  of  Maryland,  of  which  he  is 
the  Vice-President. 


Kennedy,   William. — He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1803  to  1805,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  from  1813  to  1815. 

Kennett,  Luther   M. —  He    was 

born  in  Falmouth,  Pendleton  County, 
Kentucky,  March  15,  1807 ;  received  a 
good  English  and  classical  education ; 
was  for  a  number  of  years  Deputy  Clerk 
of  Pendleton  and  Campbell  counties ; 
he  studied  law,  and  in  1825  removed  to 
Missouri,  where  he  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  pursuits ;  having  settled  in  St.  Louis 
in  1842,  he  was  elected  to  the  Councils 
of  that  city  ;  in  1849  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Convention,  held 
in  St.  Louis,  and  subsequently  Vice- 
President  of  the  company  formed  for 
commencing  the  work  ;  in  1850  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  re- 
elected  in  1851  and  1852.  In  1853  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  St.  Louis 
and  Iron  Mountain  Railroad;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Missouri  (St.  Louis  District),  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Kennon,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  emigrated 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1833,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Kent,  Joseph. — Born  in  1779,  in 
Calvert  County,  Maryland ;  was  edu 
cated  for  a  physician,  and  combined  the 
practice  of  his  profession  with  the  pur 
suits  of  agriculture.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1811  to  1815,  and  from  1821 
to  1826  ;  Governor  of  Maryland  from 
1826  to  1829;  and  United  States  Sena 
tor  from  1833  to  1837.  He  died  near  his 
residence,  in  the  vicinity  of  Bladens- 
burg,  Maryland,  November  24,  1839. 

Kent,  Moss. — He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  in  1807  and 
1810,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813  to 
1817. 

Kenyan,  William   $.  — He   was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Kernan,  Francis.— He  was  born 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


213 


in  Steuben  County,  New  York,  Janu 
ary  14,  1816  ;  received  his  education  at 
the  Georgetown  College,  District  of  Co 
lumbia  ;  adopted  and  practised  the  pro 
fession  of  law  ;  held  for  a  time  the  office 
of  Keporter  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary. 

Kerry  John.  —  He  was  a  Kepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1813  to  1817. 

Kerry  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1853  to  1855; 
and  was  subsequently  elected  to  the 
House  of  Commons  of  that  State. 

Kerry  John  Bozman.  —  Born  at 
Easton,  Talbot  County,  Maryland, 
March  5,  1809  ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1830.  He  studied  law  at 
Easton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833  ;  was  a  member  of  the  General  As 
sembly  of  Maryland  from  1836  to  1838; 
and  from  1847  to  1849  he  acted  as  deputy 
for  the  Attorney-General  of  Maryland, 
for  Talbot  County.  From  1849  to  1851 
he  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  session  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Fillmore  Charge" 
d'  Affaires  to  the  Republic  of  Nicaragua. 
During  the  revolution  of  1851  he  had 
the  good  fortune,  as  the  National  Ke 
presentative  in  Central  America,  to 
bring  about  an  armistice,  and  was  in 
strumental  in  saving  the  lives  of  leading 
officers  of  the  revolutionary  party,  for 
which  he  received  a  formal  expression 
of  thanks  from  the  Executive  on  leaving 
the  country  ;  and  in  1853  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States  voted  him  an  extra 
sum  for  services  in  Central  America. 
In  1854  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and 
subsequently  held  an  office  under  the 
Attorney-General  in  Washington  ,  after 
which  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Solici 
tor  of  the  Court  of  Claims. 


9  JoJin  L.  —  He  was  born  at 
Greenbury  Point,  near  Annapolis,  Ma 
ryland,  January  15,  1780;  graduated  at 
St.  John's  College  in  1799  ;  studied  law 
with  John  Leeds  Bozman,  and  practised 


the  profession  with  success ;  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again  from 
1831  to  1833 ;  he  was  also  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Convention, 
held  at  Harrisburg  in  1839,  and  at  the 
head  of  the  Electoral  ticket  for  Presi 
dent  during  the  same  year.  Before  en 
tering  Congress,  he  was  the  agent  of 
Maryland  in  the  prosecution  of  militia 
claims  against  the  United  States.  He 
died  at  his  homestead,  in  Maryland, 
February  21,  1844. 

Kerrf  Joseph. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1814  to 
1815,  having  succeeded  Thomas  Worth- 
ington. 

Kerriffanf  James  E. — He    was 

elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
leaving  his  seat  for  a  time  to  serve  as  a 
Colonel  of  volunteers  in  the  troubles  of 
1861. 

KershaWy  John. — He  was  a  native 
of  South  Carolina,  and  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 
to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Pre 
sident  Madison  one  of  the  three  Com 
missioners  to  run  the  Creek  boundary 
lines. 

Key9  Philip. — "Was  born  in  Saint 
Mary's  County,  Maryland,  in  1750;  re 
ceived  a  classical  and  commercial  educa 
tion  ;  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pur 
suits  ;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland,  and  was  for 
one  or  two  terms  Speaker.  He  also  ren 
dered  some  service  in  the  municipal 
courts  of  his  native  county.  His  ser 
vice  as  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  was  from  1791  to  1793. 
Died  in  his  native  place  in  January. 
1820. 

Key,  Philip  Barton. — Born  in 
Cecil  County,  Maryland,  in  1765  ;  was 
liberally  educated  ;  entered  the  English 
army  as  a  Captain,  and  when  the  Re 
volutionary  war  broke  out,  he  refused  to 
bear  arms  against  the  Colonies  ;  he  had 
a  small  command  and  some  service  at 
Pensacola,  Florida,  where  he  was  a  hard 
student ;  and  after  the  peace  he  returned 
to  Maryland,  where  he  took  a  high  po 
sition  as  a  lawyer.  He  also  represented 
Annapolis  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 


214 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1807  to  1813,  and  died 
at  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia, 
July  28,  1815. 

Keyes,  Elias. —  He  was  born  in 
Ashford,  Connecticut;  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1821 
to  1823.  From  1803  to  1818  he  was  a 
State  Councillor  ;  and  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Vermont  for  a  period 
of  eighteen  years,  from  Stockbridge 
County. 

Kidder,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Dresden,  Lincoln  County,  Maine,  De 
cember  8,  1787;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation  from  private  tutors  ;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  Somerset  County,  where 
he  was  County  Attorney  from  1811  to 
1823;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1823  to  1827  ;  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1829. 

Kidivell,  Zede7ciah. — He  was  born 
in  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  January 
4,  1814 ;  was  educated  by  his  father ; 
studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadel 
phia  in  1839 ;  after  practising  medicine 
some  years,  he  commenced  in  1848  the 
study  of  law,  and  began  to  practise  as  a 
lawyer  in  1849  ;  he  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1829 ;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1852  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1853  to  1857.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  one  of  three  Commissioners  to 
superintend  the  public  works  for  the 
State  of  Virginia,  representing  in  that 
board  the  Third  District. 

Kilbourn,  James. — Born  in  New 
Britain,  Connecticut,  October  19,1770; 
while  apprenticed  as  a  farmer's  boy  he 
received  instruction  in  Latin  and  Greek 
and  mathematics,  from  the  son  of  his 
employer  ;  was  next  a  mechanic,  then  a 
merchant  and  manufacturer,  and  finally 
studied  divinity,  and  became  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  In  1803 
he  was  instrumental  in  forming  an  emi 
grating  colony  to  Central  Ohio,  called 
the  "  Scioto  Company;"  a  town  was 
soon  organized,  and  named  Worthing- 
ton.  In  1805  he  was  appointed  by  Con 
gress  to  the  office  of  United  States  Sur 
veyor  of  Public  Lands  ;  and  in  1806  he 


was  chosen  by  the  Legislature  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Ohio  Col 
lege,  at  Athens.  In  1812  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  President,  a  Commis 
sioner  to  settle  the  boundary  between 
the  Public  Lands  and  the  Virginia  Re 
servation,  and  also  commissioned  as  Co 
lonel  of  the  frontier  regiment.  He  was 
one  of  the  Commissioners  for  locating 
Miami  University,  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Worthington  Col 
lege.  From  1813  to  1817  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress.  In  1823  he 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature, 
serving  on  fourteen  committees,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1838;  and  subsequently 
devoted  much  attention  to  matters  of 
State  policy.  He  died  in  Worthington, 
Ohio,  April  24,  1850. 

JKilgore,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Harrison  County,  Kentucky,  April  3, 
1804,  and  removed  with  his  father  to 
Indiana  in  1819,  and  settled  in  Franklin 
County.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  commenced  the  study  of 
law  in  1825,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1830,  and  removed  to  Delaware 
County.  In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  served  several 
years.  In  1839  he  was  elected  by  the 
Legislature  President  Judge  of  the  Ju 
dicial  Circuit  in  which  he  resided,  and 
held  the  office  seven  years.  In  1850  he 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  the  State.  .  In  1854  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  In 
diana,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  De 
partment,  and  that  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Kilgore,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1835  to  1839. 
Died  in  New  York,  December  12,  1851. 

Kille,  Joseph.  — He  was  born  in 

New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Killinger,  John  W.  —  Born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Public  Expenditures.  Re-elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


215 


to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Mileage,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Post-office  Department. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  Assessor  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  the  Tenth  District 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Kincaid,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1829  to  1833. 

King,  Adam. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1827  to  1833,  and  died  May  6,  1835. 

King,  Austin  A. — He  was  born  in 
Sullivan  County,  Tennessee,  September 
20,  1801 ;  received  as  good  an  educa 
tion  as  the  country  then  afforded ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  on 
becoming  of  age  ;  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1830 ;  in  1834  was  elected  to  the  Mis 
souri  Legislature;  re-elected  to  the  same 
position  in  1836 ;  in  1837  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Circuit  Judge  for  Ray  County, 
which  position  he  held  until  1848,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Missouri, 
the  term  of  that  office  expiring  in  1853; 
in  1862  he  was  again  placed  upon  the 
Bench  in  his  old  circuit,  and  during  that 
year  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Missouri,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judici 
ary  ;  was  subsequently  reported  against 
by  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

King,  Cyrus.  —  Born  in  Scarbo 
rough,  Massachusetts,  September  6, 
1772  ;  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in 
1794;  was  private  secretary  to  Rufus 
King,  his  half  brother,  in  1796;  studied 
law,  and  practised  twenty  years  in  Saco  ; 
was  a  "Major-General  of  militia ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1813  to  1817.  Died 
April  25,  1817. 

King,  Daniel  Putnam.  —  Born 
in  Danvers,  Massachusetts,  iii!800;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  in  1823.  At  first  he 
contemplated  the  study  of  the  law,  but 
soon  abandoned  it  for  the  practice  of 
agriculture.  In  1836  and  1837  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  ;  in  1838  and  1839  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  ;  and  in  1840  and  1841  Pre 
sident  of  that  body.  Speaker  of  the 
House  in  1843,  and  during  that  year  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  held  that  position  until  his 


death,  which  occurred  in  Danvers,  July 
25,  1850. 

King,  George  G. — He  was  born  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

King,  Henri/. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  also  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State.  Died 
at  Allentown,  Pennsylvania,  July  13, 
1861,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

King,  James  G. — He  was  born  at 
High  wood,  New  Jersey,  in  1791 ;  was 
taken  to  England  by  his  father  when 
American  Minister,  and  was  educated 
there,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1810;  was  an  eminent  merchant 
and  banker  in  New  York  City,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  in 
High  wood,  New  Jersey,  October  3,  1853, 
aged  sixty-two  years. 

King,  John. — He  was  born  in  1775; 
served  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1831  to  1833  ;  and  died  at  New 
Lebanon.  New  York,  September,  1, 
1836. 

King,  John  A. — He  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1788,  and  educated  at 
Harrow,  England.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  from  1819 
to  1821 ;  and  re-elected  in  ^1832  and  in 
1840,  from  Queen's  County;  and  in  1823 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1849  to  1851 ;  and  was 
also  Governor  of  New  York,  from  1856 
to  1858.  Rufus  King,  the  diplomatist, 
was  his  father,  and  James  G.  King,  of 
New  Jersey,  was  his  brother.  He  was 
also  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  at 
London,  in  1826,  and  on  the  return  of 
his  father  acted  as  Charg6  d'Affaires. 
He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861. 

King,  John  P. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1833  to 
1837. 

King,  Perkins. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1827, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1829  to  1831. 


216 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


King,  Preston. — Born  at  Ogdens- 
burg,  St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York, 
October  14,  1806.  He  graduated  at 
Union  College ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  was  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Legislature ;  also  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  from  1849  to  1853 ;  after 
which  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  which  position  he  still 
retains,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 
He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Balti 
more  Convention  of  1864. 


King,  Riifu s.  —  He  was  born  in 
Scarborough,  Maine,  in  1755  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Dummer  Academy,  in  New- 
bury,  Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1777 ;  in  1778  he  was 
aide-de-camp  to  Sullivan  in  his  expedi 
tion  against  the  British  in  Rhode  Isl 
and  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  in  Newburyport,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1780;  he  was  elected,  from  that 
town,  to  the  State  Legislature  ;  in  1784 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  at 
Trenton ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Convention  of  Massachusetts,  held  in 
1787  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  Federal  Consti 
tution  ;  removing  to  New  York  City  in 
1788,  he  was,  in  1789,  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  and  served  his  entire  term, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position 
in  1813,  remaining  in  that  capacity 
until  1825.  At  the  close  of  his  first 
term  in  the  Senate  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Washington,  Minister  to 
England,  where  he  remained  through 
the  whole  of  President  Adams's  term, 
and  during  two  years  of  President  Jef 
ferson's  term.  In  1825  President  John 
Quincy  Adams  again  appointed  him 
Minister  to  England,  but  bad  health 
prevented  him  from  entering  upon  his 
duties ;  and,  returning  home,  he  died 
at  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  April  29, 
1827.  As  a  statesman,  diplomatist, 
and  political  writer,  he  displayed  great 
abilities,  and  he  was  the  author  of  many 
of  the  papers  written  on  the  British 
Treaty  in  1794,  over  the  signature  of 
Camilius  ;  as  a  man,  he  was  universally 
respected  and  beloved. 

King,  Rufus  H.— He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855  to 
1857. 


King,  T.  Butler. — He  was  born 
in  Ham'pden,  Hampshire  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  August  27,  1804 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Westfield  Academy  ;  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Georgia  in  1823, 
where  he  devoted  himself  to  planting. 
In  the  years  1832,  1834,  1835,  and  1837, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1839  to  1843, 
and  again  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for 
another  term  ending  with  1849,  serving 
much  of  the  time  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs,  in  which  he  took  espe 
cial  interest.  He  was  also  a  member, 
in  1833,  of  the  Milledgeville  Conven 
tion ;  in  1836,  of  the  Macon  Railroad 
Convention;  and,  in  1840,  of  the  Young 
Men's  Convention  at  Baltimore ;  be 
sides  serving  as  the  President  of  various 
canal  and  railroad  companies.  He  sub 
sequently  became  a  resident  of  Califor 
nia,  but  returned  to  Georgia,  and  was 
elected,  in  1859,  a  Senator  in  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  for  two  years 
Collector  of  the  Port  of  San  Francisco ; 
was  identified  with  the  Great  Rebellion 
as  a  Commissioner  to  Europe  ;  and  died 
in  Georgia,  May  10,  1864. 

King,  William  K.— Born  in  North 

Carolina,  April  7,  1786;  received  a  good 
education  ;  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1806 ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1811  to  1816;  he  resigned 
that  position  and  accompanied  William 
Pinckney  to  Europe,  as  Secretary  of 
Legation ;  and,  on  his  return  from  Eu 
rope,  he  settled  in  the  Territory  of  Ala 
bama,  and  devoted  himself  to  planting. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitution  of 
Alabama ;  in  1819  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Alabama, 
where  he  continued  until  1844 ;  in  that 
year  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
France,  and  continued  there  two  years ; 
in  1846  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  where  he  re 
mained  until  elected  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States,  in  1852.  During  the 
Twenty-fourth,  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty- 
sixth,  Thirty-first,  and  Thirty-second 
Congresses,  he  officiated  as  President, 
pro  tern.,  of  the  Senate,  and  as  a  pre 
siding  officer,  as  well  as  a  man,  com 
manded  universal  respect.  At  the  time 
of  his  election,  as  Vice-President,  his 
health  was  feeble,  and,  when  the  time 
arrived  for  taking  the  constitutional 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


217 


oath  of  that  office,  he  was  in  Cuba,  and 
the  oath  was  administered  by  the  Ame 
rican  Consul  there.  He  returned  to  his 
plantation  at  Cahawba,  Alabama,  April 
17, 1852,  and  died  on  the  following  day. 

Kingsbury,  William  W. — Born 
in  Towanda,  Bradford  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  June  4,  1828.  He  was  self- 
educated  ;  he  was  bred  a  farmer,  emi 
grated  to  Minnesota,  and  in  the  year 
1855  was  first  elected  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  Legislature,  and  again  in 
1856.  In  1857  was  Delegate  to  the 
Convention  for  framing  a  Constitution 
for  Minnesota,  and  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 

Kinnard,  George  L. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  In 
diana,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  died  at 
Cincinnati,  November  26,  1838,  from 
injuries  received  on  the  sixteenth  of 
that  month  on  board  the  steamboat 
Flora,  which  exploded  near  that  city. 

Kinney,  John  Fitch. — Born  in 

New  Haven,  Oswego  County,  New 
York,  April  2,  1816 ;  received  an  aca 
demical  education,  studied  law,  settled 
in  Marysville,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  at  "Court  and  Bank"  in 
1837.  In  1839  he  removed  to  Lee  Coun 
ty,  Iowa ;  held  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
the  Legislative  Council  for  the  Terri 
tory,  and  also  that  of  District  Attor 
ney.  Upon  the  admission  of  Iowa  as  a 
State  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  holding  the  office 
two  years,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
same  by  the  Legislature  for  six  years. 
In.  1853  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Utah,  and  went  to  that  Terri 
tory  in  1854 ;  in  1857  removed  to  Ne 
braska  Territory,  and  settled  in  the 
practice  of  law ;  in  1860,  by  President 
Buchanan,  he  was  again  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Utah,  holding  that  office  until 
1863,  when  he  was  elected,  by  a  unani 
mous  vote,  a  Delegate  from  Utah  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Kinsey,  Charles. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  from 
1820  to  1821. 

Kinsley,  Martin. — He  was  born 
in  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts,  June  2, 
1754 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 


15 


in  1778,  and  studied  medicine ;  per 
formed  some  service  in  the  Revolution 
ary  war,  and  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to 
the  Convention  for  forming  the  Consti 
tution  of  his  native  State  ;  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  about 
thirty  years ;  he  was  also  at  different 
periods  a  member  of  the  State  Council ; 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas ; 
Judge  of  Probate ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1819  to  1821.  He  died  June  20, 
1835. 

Kirkland,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  Old  Norwich,  Connecticut,  in  1771  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1790;  re 
moved  to  Utica,  New  York,  and  was 
the  first  Mayor  of  that  city  ;  served  fre 
quently  in  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died 
at  Utica,  January  26,  1844. 

Kirkpatrick,  Littleton.  —  Bom 

in  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in  1815; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  was  also  for  five  years  Surrogate  of 
the  County  of  Middlesex. 

Kirkpatrick,  W. — He  was  born  in 
Amwell,  Hunterdon  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  in  November,  1768;  was  educated 
at  Princeton  College,  graduating  in 
1788;  studied  medicine,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1795;  in  1806  he  re 
moved  to  Salina,  New  York,  and  became 
Superintendent  of  the  Salt  Springs ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1807 
to  1809,  from  New  York ;  and  died  of 
cholera,  at  Salina,  September  2,  1832. 

Kirtland,  Dorrance.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College,  in  1789;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

Kitchell,  Aaron. — Born  in  Morris 
County,  New  Jersey  ;  was  a  warm  sup 
porter  of  the  Revolution ;  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1791  to  1793,  from  1794  to  1797,  and  from 
1799  to  1801 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1805  to  1809,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature. 

Kittera,  John  W. — He  was  a  gra- 


218 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


duate  of  Princeton  College  in  1776  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1791  to  1801,  when 
he  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  Eastern  District  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Kittera,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1826  to  1827. 

Kittredge,  George  W. — He  was 

born  in  New  Hampshire ;  a  physician 
by  profession  ;  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  for  three  years,  in  1847,  1851,  and 
1852,  officiating  as  Speaker  in  1852;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Klingensniith,  John,  Jr.  —  He 

was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

Knapj),  Anthony  L.— Born  in 

Middletown,  Delaware  County,  New 
York,  June  14,  1828 ;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Illinois,  in  1839;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849, 
settling  in  the  town  of  Jersey  ville ;  in 
1858  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Il 
linois,  attending  the  sessions  of  1859  and 
1861  ;  and  in  the  latter  year  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Illinois, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions.  In  1862  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Knapp,  Chauncey  L. — He  was 

born  in  Berlin,  Vermont,  February  26, 
1809.  He  commenced  the  active  business 
of  life  by  serving  an  apprenticeship  of 
seven  years  in  a  printing-office  in  Mont- 
pelier ;  was  elected  Reporter  for  the  Le 
gislature  in  1833  ;  was  co-proprietor  and 
editor  for  some  years  of  the  State  Jour 
nal  ;  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  State 
in  1836,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
four  years;  and  removing  to  Massachu 
setts  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Senate  in  1851 ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Territories.  To  him  was 
awarded  the  credit,  while  editing  the 
Journal,  of  first  nominating  General 
Harrison  for  the  Presidency,  which  re 
sulted  in  his  obtaining  the  electoral  votes 


of  Vermont  four  years  before  he  was 
really  elected.  Mr.  Knapp's  tastes  have 
led  him  to  the  study  of  mechanics,  and 
in  all  his  public  positions  he  has  paid 
particular  attention  to  the  mechanical 
interests  of  his  constituents. 

Knickerbocker,  Herman.  — lie 

was  born  in  New  York  in  1780,  and  was 
a  descendant,  in  the  third  generation, 
of  one  of  the  original  emigrants  to  New 
York.  He  early  engaged  in  politics, 
and  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1809  to  1811,  as  a  Federalist ;  but  during 
President  Jackson's  administration  he 
became  a  Democrat.  He  died  in  Wil- 
liamsburg,  New  York,  January  30, 1855. 
This  was  the  person  to  whom  Irving 
playfully  alluded  in  the  preface  to  his 
Knickerbocker  as  "my  cousin  the  Con 
gressman." 

Knight,  Jonathan.  —  Born  in 
Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  Novem 
ber  22,  1787,  and  removed  with  his 
parents,  in  1801,  to  East  Bethlehem, 
Washington  County.  He  was  mostly  self- 
educated,  and  became  a  school  teacher, 
and  surveyor  of  lands.  In  1816  he  was 
appointed  by  the  State  Government  to 
make  and  report  a  map  of  his  county. 
He  served  three  years  as  County  Com 
missioner,  and  was  appointed,  in  1827, 
a  Commissioner  to  extend  the  National 
Road  between  Cumberland  and  Wheel 
ing,  through  Ohio  and  Indiana  to  the 
eastern  line  of  Illinois.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
served  six  years.  In  1828  he  visited 
England  to  acquire  a  thorough  know 
ledge  of  civil  engineering,  and  on  his 
return  was  appointed  Chief  Engineer  on 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Road.  He  was 
elected,  in  1854,  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress ;  after  that  time 
he  was  engaged  in  agriculture.  He  died 
in  Washington  County,  November  22, 
1858. 

Knight,  Nehemiah.—Ke  was   a 

native  of  Rhode  Island ;  a  farmer  by 
occupation  ;  a  prominent  politician  of 
the  Federal  school,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1808. 

Knight.  Neheniiah  R.— Born  in 
Cranston,  Rhode  Island,  December  31, 
1780;  was  chiefly  self-educated;  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1805  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


219 


Providence  ;  in  1812  he  was  chosen  Clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  served  until 
1817;  he  was  also  for  many  years  Pre 
sident  of  the  Roger  Williams  Bank;  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Island 
in  1817,  and  re-elected  in  1819  and  1820; 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison, 
during  the  war  with  England,  Collector 
of  Providence  ;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1821  to  1841.  He  was  a 
member,  in  1843,  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention,  after  which  he  retired 
to  private  life.  He  died  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  April  19,  1854.  He  was 
a  man  of  sterling  character,  and  a  true 
patriot. 

Knowlton,    Ebenezer. — He   was 

born  in  New  Hampshire  ;  was  educated 
for  the  ministry ;  was  elected  to  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1844,  1846,  and 
1848,  serving  during  his  second  year  as 
Speaker  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1855  to 
1857. 

Knox,  James. — Born  in  Canajo- 
harie,  Montgomery  County,  New  York, 
July  4,  1807 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1830  ;  studied  law  at  Utica,  New 
York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833.  In  1836  he  located  at  Knoxville, 
Illinois,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
giving  his  attention  chiefly  to  mercan 
tile  and  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1847 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Illinois,  and  in  1852  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth.  He  subsequently  be 
came  blind,  and  visited  Europe  with  a 
view  of  recovering  his  sight. 

Knox,  Samuel. — He  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Missouri,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  having  success 
fully  contested  the  seat  occupied  by  F. 
P.  Blair,  Jr.,  and  taking  his  own  seat 
near  the  close  of  the  first  session. 


Krebs,  Jacob. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1826  to  1827. 


Kremer>  George. — Born  in  Dau 
phin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1775, 
and  died  in  Union  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  September  11,  1854.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1823  to  1829. 


Kuhns9  Joseph  H.  —  He  was  born 
in  Pennsj'lvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1853. 


d,  Jacob  M.  —  Was  born  in 
Frederick,  Maryland,  July  23,  1822; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  1843  ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  1846  ;  and  in  1850  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  Senate  for  six  years, 
but  the  change  in  the  State  Constitu 
tion  cut  short  his  term.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Maryland,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department.  Also  elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Kunkel.  John  C.  —  Born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Kurtz,  William  H.  —  He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Labranch,  Alcea.  —  He  was  born 
in  Louisiana,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Lacock,  Abner.  —  Born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1770.  Without  the  advantage 
of  much  early  education,  he  raised  him 
self  by  his  talents  to  eminence  as  a  le 
gislator,  statesman,  and  civilian.  He 
filled  various  public  stations  for  a  pe 
riod  of  nearly  forty  years  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1811  to  1813,  and  United 
States  Senator  from  1813  to  1819.  He 
died  in  Beaver  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  12,  1837. 

Lahm,  Samuel.  —  Born  in  Leiters- 
burg,  Maryland,  April  22,  1812.  His 
education  was  limited,  yet  his  first 
earnings  were  the  result  of  teaching 
school.  In  March,  1835,  he  removed 
to  Indiana,  and  studied  law,  and  then 
settled  in  Ohio.  In  1837  he  was  elected 
Master  in  Chancery;  in  1842  a  State 
Senator  ;  at  various  times  to  high  posi 
tions  in  the  militia  ;  and  to  Congress, 


220 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


as  a  Representative,  in  1847,  where  he 
remained  until  1849. 

Lake,  William  A* — He  was  born 
in  Maryland  ;  graduated  at  Washington 
College,  in  Pennsylvania  ;  studied  law  ; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  ; 
removed  to  Mississippi ;  practised  his 
profession  there  with  success  ;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Senate  of  that  State;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Mississippi,  during  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Lamar,  Henry  G. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1833. 

Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. — He  is  a  native 
of  Georgia,  having  been  born  in  1820 ; 
but  removed  to  Mississippi,  studied  law, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that  State, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
Joined  the  Great  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Lamb,  Alfred  W. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Lambert,  John. — He  was   a  Re- 

Sresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
ersey,  from  1805  to  1809;  and  from 
1809  to  1815  he  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Senate.  During  the  years 
1802  and  1803  he  performed  the  duties 
of  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  served 
many  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  died  in  February,  1823,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 

Lancaster,  Columbia. — He  was 

a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Washington,  during  the  years 
1854  and  1855. 

Landrnm,  John    M. — He    was 

born  in  Edgefield  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  July  3,  1815;  obtained  the  greater 
part  of  his  education  after  he  became  of 
age,  by  his  own  exertions  ;  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  in  1842; 
taught  school  and  studied  law  at  the 
same  time ;  in  1845  removed  to  Loui 
siana,  and  settled  at  Shreveport,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Louisiana,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 


serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenses  in  the  Post-office  Depart 
ment.  Resigned  in  February,  1861. 

Landry,  J.  Aristide. — He  was 

born  in  Louisiana,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Landy,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  October  13, 
1813 ;  received  his  education  in  his  na 
tive  city ;  devoted  himself,  for  a  time, 
to  the  occupation  of  a  builder ;  studied 
law,  but  abandoned  the  profession,  and 
turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pur 
suits.  He  has  devoted  much  of  llis  at 
tention  to  the  Public  School  System  of 
Philadelphia,  and  has  held  the  positions 
of  Commissioner  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  School  Commissioners.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

Lane,  Amos. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1833  to  1837,  having  previously  been  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
served  one  session  as  Speaker.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  the  first  ability,  and  filled 
a  conspicuous  place  in  the  history  of  In 
diana.  He  died  in  Lawrenceburg,  in 
that  State,  in  1850. 

Lane,  Henry  S. — He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Kentucky,  Fe 
bruary  24,  1811 ;  received  a  good  com 
mon  school  education,  and  under  a  tu 
tor,  some  knowledge  of  the  classics ; 
studied  law  in  Kentucky,  but  removed 
to  Indiana,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  that  State  ;  in  1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  Legislature ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1841  to  1843  ;  served  as  a  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  of  volunteers  under  General 
Taylor,  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  in 
1846;  in  1859  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  to  contest  the  seat 
of  J.  D.  Bright,  but  was  denied  the  seat ; 
in  1861  he  was  elected  Governor  of  In 
diana  ;  but,  two  days  after  his  inaugu 
ration,  he  was  again  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  and  of 
Pensions,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Enrolled  Bills. 

Lane,  James  II. — He  was  born  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


221 


Indiana,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1853  to 
1855 ;  settled  in  Kansas,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  politics ;  and  on  the  ad 
mission  of  that  State  into  the  Union,  he 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1865,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Agri 
culture.  During  the  early  part  of  the 
Kebellion  he  was  commissioned  a  Briga 
dier-General  of  volunteers.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

Lane,  Joseph.  —  Born  in  Bun 
combe  County,  North  Carolina,  Decem 
ber  14,  1801.  In  his  fifteenth  year  he 
became  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  house 
in  Indiana,  and  in  1822  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State, 
serving  in  that  capacity,  with  occa 
sional  intervals,  until  1846.  He  partici 
pated  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  acquit 
ting  himself  with  credit  at  Buena  Vista 
and  on  other  fields,  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  a  Brigadier-General. 
In  1849  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Oregon,  without  his 
solicitation,  and  organized  the  govern 
ment ;  and  was  elected  a  Delegate  to 
Congress,  in  1851,  where  he  was  re 
tained  by  his  constituents  until  the 
admission  of  Oregon  as  a  State,  when 
he  took  his  seat  as  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  in  1859.  In  1860  he  was  nomi 
nated  for  Vice-President  on  the  ticket 
with  Mr.  Breckenridge,  but  was  de 
feated. 

Langdon,  Chauncey. — He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1787;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  died  in 
1830.  He  also  served  seven  years  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  State,  and  was  a 
State  Councillor  for  nine  years. 

Langdon,  John. — He  was  educa 
ted  for  mercantile  pursuits,  and  after 
wards  prosecuted  business  upon  the  sea, 
until  the  commencement  of  the  contro 
versy  with  Great  Britain.  He  was  one 
of  the  party  which  removed  the  powder 
and  the  military  stores  from  Fort  Wil 
liam  and  Mary,  at  New  Castle,  in  1774. 
In  1775  and  1776  he  was  chosen  a  De 
legate  to  Congress.  Commanding  a 
company  of  volunteers,  he  served,  for 
awhile,  in  Vermont  and  Rhode  Island. 
In  his  own  State,  he  was,  in  1776  and 
1777,  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  Judge 


of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  In  1779 
he  was  Continental  agent  in  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  contracted  for  the  build 
ing  of  several  ships  of  war.  In  1783  he 
was  again  appointed  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  and  was  afterwards  repeatedly  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  Speaker. 
In  March,  1788,  he  was  chosen  Go 
vernor  of  the  State,  and  from  1789  to 
1801  he  was  Senator  of  the  United 
States  and  President  of  the  Senate  pro 
tern,  during  the  First  Congress,  and 
part  of  the  Second.  From  1805  to  1808, 
and  again  in  1810  and  1811,  he  was 
Governor  of  the  State.  He  died  in  1819, 
aged  seventy-eight. 

Lanman,  James. — Born  in  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  June  14,  1769  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College,  in  1788 ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1791,  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  his 
native  town  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  first  Con 
stitution  of  Connecticut  in  1818  ;  served 
two  years  in  the  Lower  House  of  the 
Legislature  in  1817  and  1832,  and  one 
year  as  a  State  Senator  in  1819;  and 
was  for  five  years  Attorney  for  the  State, 
for  New  London  County,  from  1814  to 
1819,  acquiring  great  local  distinction 
by  his  abilities.  He  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  serving  from  1819  to 
1825,  during  one  Congress  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committees  on  Post-oifices  and 
Post-roads,  and  Contingent  Expenses 
of  the  Senate,  and  voted  with  the  South 
on  the  Missouri  Compromise ;  during 
the  Seventeenth  Congress,  he  was  at 
one  time  member  of  four  committees, 
viz.,  that  of  Commerce  and  Manufac 
tures,  the  Militia,  District  of  Columbia, 
and  the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the 
Senate.  He  was  appointed,  by  the  Go 
vernor,  to  a  second  term  in  the  Senate, 
in  recess  of  the  Legislature  and  before 
the  vacancy  occurred,  and  by  a  small 
majority  the  Senate  decided  that  the 
appointment  was  without  authority  of 
law.  He  was  subsequently  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts  of 
Connecticut,  for  three  years,  from  1826 
to  1829,  and  three  years,  from  1831  to 
1834,  Mayor  of  Norwich,  where  he  died, 
August  7,  1841. 

Lansing,  Gerrit  Y. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  served  four  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1837.  He  has  also 


222 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


been  a  Kegent  of  the  University  of  New 
York. 

Lansing,  William  E. — Was  born 
in  the  town  of  Sullivan,  Madison  County, 
New  York,  in  1822;  studied  law  at 
Utica,  and  commenced  the  practice  in 
1845  ;  in  1850  he  was  elected  District 
Attorney  of  Madison  County  ;  in  1857 
Clerk  of  the  same  County  ;  and  in  1860 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Laporte,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1837. 

Larrabee,  Charles  H. — Born  in 

Rome,  Oneida  County,  New  York,  No 
vember  9,  1820 ;  when  quite  young,  ac 
companied  his  father  to  Ohio,  and  was 
educated  at  Granville  College ;  after 
devoting  some  attention  to  practical  en 
gineering,  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  at  Pontotoc, 
Mississippi ;  in  1844  he  settled  in  Chi 
cago,  Illinois,  and  edited  for  a  time,  the 
Democratic  Advocate  ;  served  one  term 
as  City  Advocate  for  Chicago  ;  in  1847 
he  settled  in  Wisconsin,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to.  form  a 
State  Constitution ;  in  1848  he  was 
elected  a  Circuit  Judge,  and  after  serv 
ing  ten  years,  resigned,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Wisconsin,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses 
in  the  War  Department.  He  subse 
quently  entered  the  army  in  the  volun 
teer  service,  and  had  command  as  Co 
lonel,  of  a  regiment  from  his  State. 

La  Sere,  Emile. — He  was  born  in 
Louisiana,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1846  to 
1847,  and  also  for  the  two  following 
terms,  ending  in  1851. 

Latham,  Milton  S. — Was  born  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  May  23,  1827 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1845;  soon  afterwards  removed  to 
Alabama,  where  he  studied  law  ;  was 
appointed  in  1848,  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  for  Russell  County ;  removed  to 
California  in  1850,  and  was  there  ap 
pointed  Clerk  of  the  Recorder's  Court 
in  San  Francisco ;  he  was  soon  after 


wards  chosen  District  Attorney  for  the 
counties  of  Sacramento  and  Eldorado, 
which  he  held  until  1851.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Cali 
fornia,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
declining  a  re-election ;  he  was  appointed 
in  1855,  by  President  Pierce,  Collector 
of  San  Francisco,  which  office  he  held 
until  1857 ;  having  been  elected  Governor 
of  California,  three  days  after  his  in 
auguration,  in  January,  1860,  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
California,  for  six  years,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  and  on 
the  Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

Lathrop,    Samuel.  —  Born    in 

Hampden  County,  Massachusetts,  in 
1771 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1792 ;  studied  law,  and  attained  a  high 
position  at  the  bar ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1818  to  1826.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  for  ten 
years,  and  President  of  that  body  in 
1829  and  1830.  He  died  in  West  Spring 
field,  July  11,  1846. 

Lattimer?  Henry. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Dela 
ware,  from  1794  to  1795,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1795  to  1801,  when 
he  resigned. 

Lattimore,    William. — Born   in 

Norfolk,  Virginia,  February  9,  1774, 
where  he  received  a  limited  education  ; 
he  studied  medicine  ;  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Mississippi ;  and  was  a  De 
legate  to  Congress,  from  that  Territory, 
from  1803  to  1807,  and  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  first  Con 
stitution  of  Mississippi;  after  which  he 
retired  to  private  life,  and  died  April  3, 
1843. 

Law,  John. — Was  born  in  New 
London,  Connecticut,  in  1798;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1814 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut  in  1817, 
and  soon  afterwards  emigrated  to  the 
Territory  of  Indiana,  locating  himself 
at  Vincennes.  Soon  after  arriving  in 
the  West  he  was  elected  a  Prosecuting 
Attorney,  and  in  1823  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  ;  he  was  again  elected  At 
torney  for  his  district,  and  held  that  po 
sition  until  promoted  to  a  Judgeship, 
which  office  he  held  by  re-elections  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


223 


eight  years.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  Evansville,  where  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1860  he 
was  elected  a  Eepresentative,  from  In 
diana,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Li 
brary,  and  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 
Like  Mr.  Charles  F.  Adams,  Mr.  John 
Law  can  mention  the  fact,  with  excus 
able  pride,  that  his  father,  as  well  as  his 
grandfather,  both  served  their  country 
as  members  of  Congress,  and  witnessed 
the  same  events  in  our  country's  his 
tory.  Amasa  Learned,  who  was  also 
his  grandfather  on  his  mother's  side,  was 
in  the  first  Congress  that  sat  under  the 
Constitution.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture,  and  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions,  and  the  Select  Com 
mittee  on  Emigration. 

Laiv,  Lytnan. — Born  at  New  Lon 
don,  Connecticut,  August  19,  1770  ;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1791 ;  studied 
law  with  his  father,  Richard  Law  (who 
was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Con 
gress),  and  practised  at  New  London  ; 
after  serving  in  the  Legislature  of  the 
State,  and  being  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  and  represented  his  State,  in 
that  body,  from  1811  to  1817.  He  died 
in  New  London,  February  3,  1842. 

Lawler,  Joab. —  Born  in  North 
Carolina,  June  12,  1796  ;  was  educated 
for  the  ministry,  and  became  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Baptist  Church.  In  1826  he 
was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
Alabama  Legislature,  and  was  re-elected 
until  1831,  in  which  year  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate.  In  1832  he  was  ap 
pointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  for 
the  Coosa  Land  District,  and  held  the 
office  until  1835.  In  1833  he  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  the  University  of  Ala 
bama.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1835  to  1838. 
He  died  in  Washington,  May  8,  1838, 
during  the  first  session  of  his  second 
term. 

Laivrance,  John. — He  was  born 
in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  England,  in 
1750,  and  emigrated  to  the  city  of  New 
York  in  1767.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1772,  and  in  1775 
was  commissioned  in  the  First  New 
York  Regiment,  and  served  to  the  end 
of  the  Revolutionary  war,  his  several 


grades  having  been  Aide-de-camp  to  his 
relative,  Colonel  McDougal,  Judge- Ad 
vocate,  and  General,  in  which  latter  ca 
pacity  he  conducted  the  court-martial 
called  to  try  Major  Andre".  In  1783  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  New  York.  In  1785  and  1786  he  was 
a  member  of  the  First  Congress.  In 
1789  he  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and 
during  that  year  was  elected,  by  a  five- 
sixths  vote,  a  Representative  in  the  Fe 
deral  Congress,  serving  from  1789  to 

1793  ;  was  appointed  by  Washington  in 

1794  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  New  York  ;  and  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1796  to  1800,  serv 
ing  for  a  short  time  as  President  pro-tern. 
of  that  body,  when  he  resigned,  and  re 
tired  to  private  life.     He  died  in  1810. 

Laivrence,  Abbott. — Born  in  Gro- 
ton,  Massachusetts,  December  16,  1792. 
His  education  was  obtained  at  a  district 
school  and  at  Groton  Academy,  and  in 
1808  he  went  to  Boston,  and  became  a 
clerk  in  the  store  of  his  brother  Amos. 
In  1814  he  was  admitted  as  a  partner  in 
the  concern,  and  for  many  years  the 
twain  prosecuted  a  very  extensive  im 
porting  business,  and  laid  the  founda 
tions  of  their  several  fortunes.  He  was 
the  travelling  partner,  and  visited  Eu 
rope  a  number  of  times.  He  subse 
quently  became  one  of  the  foremost  men 
in  building  up  American  manufactures, 
and  the  flourishing  city  of  Lawrence 
was  the  offspring  of  his  enterprise.  In 
1827  he  was  a  Delegate'  to  the  Harris- 
burg  Convention.  He  served  in  the 
Common  Council  of  Boston  in  1831,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  again  in  1839  and  1840. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  arrange  the  Northeastern  boun 
dary  question  ;  in  1849  he  was  invited 
by  President  Taylor  into  his  cabinet, 
but  declined  ;  he  subsequently  accepted, 
however,  the  appointment  of  Minister 
to  England,  where  he  acquitted  himself 
with  credit.  He  founded  a  scientific 
school  in  Cambridge,  and  his  gifts  and 
bequests  to  various  charitable  and  reli 
gious  societies  proved  him  to  be  a  man 
of  many  noble  qualities.  Died  in  Bos 
ton,  August  18,  1855. 

Lawrence,  Cornelius  Van 
Wyck. — He  was  born  in  Flushing, 
Long  Island,  February  28,  1791 ;  spent 
his  boyhood  working  on  his  father's 
farm,  and  acquiring  a  good  English  edu- 


224 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


cation ;  and,  on  arriving  at  the  age  of 
manhood,  removed  to  New  York  City, 
with  which,  as  a  business  man,  he  has 
been  identified  ever  since.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York  City,  from  1832  to  1834  ;  for  two 
years  following  he  was  Mayor  of  the 
City  of  New  York  ;  in  1836  President 
of  the  Electoral  College  for  President ; 
and  for  twenty  years  he  held  the  hon 
orable  position  of  President  of  the  Bank 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  Among 
other  positions  of  trust  and  responsi 
bility  which,  with  the  above,  have 
tended  to  give  him  a  high  reputation, 
may  be  mentioned  the  following :  Di 
rector  of  the  Branch  Bank  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Bank  of  America,  Trus 
tee  of  the  New  York  Life  and  Trust 
Company,  and  of  numerous  Fire  and 
Marine  Insurance  Companies.  In  1856 
ill  health  compelled  Mr.  Lawrence  to 
retire  from  the  pursuits  of  active  life, 
and  he  spent  the  closing  years  of  his  life 
in  peace,  on  the  spot  where  his  ancestors 
have  resided  for  two  hundred  years. 
Died  at  Flushing,  February  20,  1861. 

Lawrence.  John    W. — He    was 

born  in  New  York  ;  served  two  years 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State,  from 
Queen's  County;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Lawrence,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1788;  he  served  for  nine  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  one  year  as  State 
Treasurer,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1841  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
April  17,  1842. 

Lawrence,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  New  York ;  served  seven  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  that  State,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  the 
same,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Laivrence,  Sidney. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  but  removed  to  New  York, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Lawrence,   William.  —  Born  in 

Washington,  Guernsey  County,  Ohio, 
September  2,  1814 ;  graduated  at  Jef 
ferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  Sep 


tember,  1835 ;  engaged  in  mercantile 
and  agricultural  pursuits  ;  and  served 
in  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1843.  He 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848,  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  Ohio  in  1850-51,  State  Senator 
in  1856-57,  and  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  State  Department. 

Lawrence,    William    T. —  Born 

in  New  York  City,  May  7,  1788  ;  he 
was  bred  a  merchant,  and  continued 
such  until  called  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  war  of  1812,  as  a 
militia  Captain  of  artillery.  In  1823 
he  removed  to  Cayuga  County,  New 
York,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  In  1838 
he  was  chosen  County  Judge,  and  from 
1847  to  1849  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  ;  he  also  served  as  delegate  to 
several  nominating  conventions. 

Lawyer,    Thomas.  —  He    was    a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Schoharie  County,  in  1816,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Lay,  George  W. — He  was  born  in 

New  York  ;  liberally  educated  ;  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  and  was  a  member 
of  the" New  York  Assembly,  from  Gene- 
see  County,  in  1840,  having  been  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1837.  He  was  also  appointed  Charge" 
d'Affaires  to  Sweden,  by  President  Ty 
ler,  in  1842.  Died  at  Batavia,  New 
York,  October  21,  1860. 

Lazear,  Jesse.  —  Was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  Decem 
ber  12,  1804;  received  his  early  educa 
tion  from  his  parents,  and  worked  on  a 
farm  until  he  became  of  age  ;  served  as 
a  Clerk  in  the  Recorder's  office ;  in 
1829  and  1832  he  was  appointed  Register 
and  Recorder  for  his  county  ;  and  since 
that  time  (until  1864),  he  has  held  the 
position  of  Cashier  of  the  Farmers'  and 
Drovers'  Bank  of  Waynesburg.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims,  and 
Chairman  of  that  on  Expenditures  on 
the  Public  Buildings;  and  in  1862  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


225 


Public  Expenditures,  and  again  on  that 
relating  to  Public  Buildings. 

Lea,  Luke. — He  was  born  in  Surry 
County,  North  Carolina,  January  26, 
1782  ;  removed  at  an  early  day  with  his 
father  to  Tennessee,  where  he  was  for 
several  years  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives;  he  served  gallantly  in 
Florida  and  in  the  Creek  country,  under 
General  Jackson,  in  the  Indian  wars. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  for  thirty  years 
discharged  the  duties  of  Cashier  of  the 
State  Bank,  and  Register  of  the  State 
Land-office  of  Tennessee.  In  1849,  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor, 
Indian  Agent  of  the  Fort  Leavenworth 
Agency,  and  was  highly  esteemed  by 
the  Indians  under  his  charge.  He  was 
returning  to  his  residence,  after  making 
the  Indian  payments  of  his  agency, 
when  he  was  killed  by  a  fall  from  his 
horse,  June  17,  1851. 

Lea,  Fry  or. — Born  in  Knox  County, 
Tennessee,  in  1794;  was  educated  at 
Greenville  College  ;  studied  law  as  a 

Erofession,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
i  1817.  He  served  with  General  Jack 
son  in  the  Creek  war,  in  1813 ;  was 
Clerk  to  the  Legislature  in  1816  ;  United 
States  District  Attorney  in  1824  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1827 
to  1831.  In  1837  he  removed  to  Jack 
son,  Mississippi,  and  in  1847  to  Goliad, 
Texas.  He  projected  the  work  called 
the  "Central  Transit,"  for  building  a 
railroad  from  Arkansas  Bay  to  Mazat- 
lan,  and  was  President  of  the  Com 
pany. 

Leach,  De  Witt  C.— Born  in  Cla 
rence,  Erie  County,  New  York,  Novem 
ber  23,  1822.  He  was  self-educated; 
bred  a  farmer  ;  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850; 
and  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
revise  the  State  Constitution,  in  1850; 
he  was  also  State  Librarian  in  1855  and 
1856  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Mi 
chigan,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revisal  and  Unfinished 
Business ;  also  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Leach,  James  M. — Born  in  Lands- 
downe,  Randolph  Countj^,  North  Caro 
lina;  received  a  good  classical  education  ; 


studied  law  :  nd  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842  ;  served  ten  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  North  Carolina;  and  in 
1859  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Leadbetter,  D.  P. — He  was  born 

in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  removed 
to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1841. 

Leake,  Shelton  F. — Born  in  Al- 

bemarle  County,  Virginia,  November 
30,  1812  ;  received  a  good  English  edu 
cation  ;  taught  for  three  years  an  "  old 
field  school;"  studied  law,  and  in  his 
twenty-fifth  year  was  admitted  to  the 
bar ;  in  1842  he  was  elected  to  the  Vir 
ginia  House  of  Delegates  ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1845  to  1847;  in  1851  he  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  in 
1854,  but  was  defeated  ;  and  in  1859  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Federal  House  of 
Representatives  for  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Leake,  Walter. — He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Revolutionary  war  ;  in  1821  was 
elected  Governor  of  Mississippi,  having 
previously  served  as  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1817  to  1820.  He 
died  at  Mount  Salus,  Hines  County, 
Mississippi,  November  17,  1825. 

Learned,  Amasa. — Born  in  Kil- 
lingly,  Connecticut,  November  15, 1750, 
and  died  at  New  London,  May  4,  1825. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1772; 
studied  divinity,  but  preached  for  only 
a  short  time ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from 
1801  to  1805.  He  had  been  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  ;  in 
1818  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut 
Constitutional  Convention ;  and  after 
wards  frequently  sat  in  the  Assembly 
of  his  native  State. 

Leary,  Cornelius  L.  L.— Born  in 
Baltimore,  October  22,  1813  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  in  that  city ; 
in  1835  he  engaged  in  business  in  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  but  returned  to  Balti 
more  in  1837 ;  in  1838  he  was  chosen  a 
Delegate  to  the  Maryland  Assembly ; 


226 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  1847  he  came  to  the  "bur  ;  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  185iJ ;  and  in  1861, 
at  a  special  election,  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Maryland,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

Leavitt,  Humphrey  H. — He  was 

born  in  Suffield,  Connecticut,  in  June, 
1796  ;  removed  at  an  early  day  with  his 
father  to  the  Western  Keserve  of  Ohio  ; 
received  an  academical  education  ;  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  hav 
ing  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816 ; 
and  he  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1831  to  1834.  He  also  served  in 
the  State  Legislature,  in  the  House  in 
1825  and  1826,  and  in  the  Senate  in  1827 ; 
and  he  has  for  many  years  been  Judge 
of  the  District  Court  of  Ohio,  having 
been  appointed,  in  1834,  by  President 
Jackson. 

Le  Blonde,  Francis   C.  —  Was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  in  1851  he  was  elected  for  two 
years  to  the  State  Legislature ;  was  re- 
elected  in  1853,  and  served  as  Speaker 
of  that  body ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Lecompte,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  Woodford  County,  Kentucky;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1825  to  1833. 

Lee,  Gideon. — He  was  born  in  Am- 
herst,  Massachusetts,  in  1777;  in  early 
life  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York, 
where  he  became  a  leather  merchant, 
and  amassed  a  large  fortune.  He  was 
at  one  time  Mayor  of  New  York,  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector,  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress  during  the  years  1836  and  1837. 
He  died  at  Geneva,  New  York,  August 
21,  1841. 

Lee,  Henry.  —  Born  in  Virginia, 
January  29,  1756,  and  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1773.  In  1776  he 
was  appointed  a  Captain  of  cavalry, 
under  Colonel  Bland,  and  in  September, 
1777,  he  joined  the  main  army.  His 
skill  in  discipline  and  gallant  bearing 
attracted  the  notice  of  Washington,  and 
he  was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Major,  with  the  command  of  a  separate 
corps  of  cavalry,  and  then  advanced  to 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  From 


1780  to  the  end  of  the  war  he  served 
under  Greene.  The  services  of  Lee's 
Legion  in  various  actions  were  very  im 
portant.  He  particularly  distinguished 
himself  in  the  battle  of  Guilford ;  after 
wards,  he  succeeded  in  capturing  Fort 
Cornwallis,  and  other  forts  ;  he  was  also 
conspicuous  at  Ninety-six,  and  at  the 
Eutaw  Springs.  In  1786  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  Delegate  in  Congress,  from  Virgi 
nia,  in  which  body  he  remained  till 
the  Constitution  was  adopted,  having  in 
the  Convention  of  Virginia  advocated 
its  adoption.  In  1791  he  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Virginia,  and  remained  in 
office  three  years.  By  appointment  of 
Washington,  he  commanded  the  forces 
sent  to  suppress  the  Whiskey  Insurrec 
tion  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  at  the  period  of  Wash 
ington's  death,  in  1799,  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  Congress,  to  deliver  a  eulogy 
on  the  occasion.  He  it  was  who  first 
uttered  the  memorable  saying  in  regard 
to  Washington,  "First  in  peace,  first  in 
war,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  coun 
trymen."  In  1801  he  retired  to  private 
life,  and  in  his  last  years  he  was  dis 
tressed  with  pecuniary  embarrassments ; 
while  confined  in  1809  within  the  bounds 
of  Spottsylvania  County,  for  debt,  he 
wrote  his  valuable  "Memoirs  of  the 
Southern  Campaigns."  In  1814,  during 
the  mob  at  Baltimore,  he  was  one  of  the 
defenders,  and  was  severely  wounded, 
and  carried  to  the  jail  for  safety.  Re 
turning  from  the  West  Indies,  where 
he  had  gone  for  health,  he  died  at  Cum 
berland  Island,  near  St.  Mary's,  Geor 
gia,  March  25,  1818. 

Lee,  John. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

Lee,  Joshua. — He  was  born  in  New 
York,  and  served  three  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  that  State,  from  Ontario  and 
Yates  counties,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1835  to  1837. 

Lee,  M.  Lindley.—Rorn  in  Mini- 
sink,  Orange  County,  New  York,  May 
29,  1805;  spent  his  boyhood  alternately 
working  upon  a  farm  in  summer  and  at 
tending  the  district  school  in  winter ; 
when  sixteen  years  of  age  commenced 
an  academical  course  of  study,  and  gra 
duated  at  Union  College  in  1827  ;  and 
having  studied  medicine  and  surgery, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


227 


obtained  a  degree  in  1830  from  the  Col 
lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Western  New  York.  While  devoting 
himself  to  his  profession  he  was  appoint 
ed  Postmaster  of  Fulton,  Orange  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  serving  from  1840  to 
1844 ;  he  was  elected  in  1846  and  1847 
to  the  Assembly  of  New  York ;  sub 
sequently  held  the  position,  for  three 
terms,  of  Commissioner  of  Loans  for  the 
State ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Se 
nate  in  1855 ;  and  in  1858  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  from  New  York,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads. 

Lee,  Richard  Henry. — Was  born 
at  Stratford,  Westmoreland  County, 
Virginia,  January  20,  1732,  and  was 
educated  at  Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  Eng 
land.  He  had  a  seat  in  the  House  of 
Burgesses,  of  Virginia,  in  1757,  and 
proposed  there,  in  1773,  the  formation 
of  a  Committee  of  Correspondence.  He 
had  the  honor  of  originating  the  first 
resistance  to  British  oppression,  in  the 
time  of  the  Stamp  Act,  in  1765.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  First  Congress,  in 
1774,  and  in  October  prepared  the  draft 
of  the  memorial  to  the  people  of  British 
America.  In  accordance  with  instruc 
tions  from  the  Virginia  Convention,  he 
first  proposed  in  Congress  a  declaration 
of  independence,  June  7,  1776,  and  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  prepare  it. 
The  second  eloquent  address  to  the  peo 
ple  of  Great  Britain  was  drawn  up  by 
him ;  and  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Articles  of  Confederation,  he  withdrew 
from  Congress,  but  was  re-elected  in 
1784,  and  chosen  President  of  that  body, 
serving  till  1787.  He  contended  for  the 
necessity  of  amendments  to  the  Consti 
tution  previously  to  its  adoption  in  1789 ; 
and  was  a  Senator,  from  Virginia,  from 
1789  to  1792,  serving  one  session  as  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  that  body.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  number  of  political 
pamphlets,  and  his  correspondence  was 
published  in  1825.  He  died  at  Chantilly , 
Westmoreland  County,  Virginia,  June 
9,  1794. 

Lee,  Silas. — He  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1784;  served  in  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1793, 1797, 
and  1798  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1799  to 
1802 ;  Judge  of  Probate  from  1805  to 
1814  ;  for  some  years  Chief  Judge  of  the 


Court  of  Common  Pleas ;  and  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  Maine. 
Died  in  1814. 

Lee,  TJiomas. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1833  to  1837;  and  died  at 
Port  Elizabeth,  November  2,  1855. 

Lee,  Thomas  Bland.— Re  was  a 

native  of  Virginia,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1789  to  1795, 
having  previously  served  in  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  and  died  in  1827. 

Leet,  Isaac. — Born  in  Pennsylva 
nia  in  1802;  was  for  several  years  in 
the  Senate  of  that  State  ;  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1829  to  1831; 
and  died  at  Washington,  Pennsylva 
nia,  June  10,  1844. 

Lefevre,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1811  to  1813. 

Lefferets,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815;  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1821;  and  a  State  Senator,  from  1822 
to  1825. 

Leffler,  Isaac. — Born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  Novem 
ber,  1788;  was  educated  at  Jefferson 
College  ;  studied  law  and  settled  in 
Wheeling,  Virginia;  in  1817  was  elected 
to  the  Virginia  Legislature,  where  he 
served  eight  years ;  in  1827  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  Virginia,  from  1827  to  1829. 
n  1832  again  elected  to  the  Virginia 
Legislature ;  in  1835  removed  to  Bur 
lington,  Iowa  ;  served  two  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin  Territory ; 
one  year  as  Speaker ;  one  year  in  the 
Legislature  of  Iowa ;  in  1843  was  ap 
pointed  Marshal  of  Iowa ;  in  1849  Re 
gister  of  the  Land  Office  at  Stillwater, 
but  declined ;  in  1852  appointed  Re 
ceiver  of  the  same  office,  whence  he 
was  removed  for  opinion's  sake. 

Leffler,  Shepherd. — He  was  born 

in  Pennsylvania ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Iowa,  from 
1846  to  1851. 


288 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Leftwich,  Jcibez. —  He  was  born 
in  Bedford  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1825. 

Lcgare,  Hugh    Stvinton.  —  He 

was  born  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
January  2,  1797  ;  graduated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  that  State  in  1814,  and,  after 
having  studied  law,  went  to  Europe, 
where  he  remained  until  1820,  occupied 
with  the  pursuits  of  literature.  On  his 
return  to  Charleston,  he  devoted  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
to  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1830  he 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
State,  and  was  the  principal  editor  of 
the  Southern  Eeview.  In  1832  he  was 
appointed  Charg6  d'Affaires  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  to  Belgium;  from  1837  to 
1839  was  a  Representative  of  his  native 
State  in  Congress ;  and  in  1841  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States  by  President  Tyler,  and  also  Act 
ing  Secretary  of  State.  He  died,  sud 
denly,  at  Boston,  June  20,  1841,  while 
accompanying  the  President  in  his  jour 
ney  to  attend  the  Bunker  Hill  Celebra 
tion.  His  fine  taste  as  a  writer,  his  emi 
nent  acquirements  as  a  scholar,  and  his 
learning  and  eloquence  as  a  lawyer, 
were  known  and  appreciated  through 
out  the  Union.  His  writings  were  col 
lected  and  published  in  1846. 

Lehman,  William  E. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  August  21,  1822;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1843 ;  studied  law,  and,  after 
practising  with  success,  retired  from  the 
bar  and  travelled  in  Europe.  By  Pre 
sident  Polk  he  was  appointed  an  Ex 
aminer  of  Post-offices  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  his  only  office  by  ap 
pointment;  and  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 
His  family  was  one  of  note  in  Dresden, 
his  father  and  grandfather  having  ac 
quired  distinction  in  the  civil  and  mili 
tary  service. 

Leib,  Michael. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1799  to  1806,  and  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1808  to  1814, 
and  in  the  latter  year  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster  at  Philadelphia.  He  also 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Pennsyl 
vania  both  before  and  after  his  election 


to  Congress.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  De 
cember  28,  1822,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Leib,  Owen  D. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847.  Died  June  17,  1848. 

Leidy,  Paul. — Born  in  Hemlock, 
Columbia  County,  Pennsylvania,  No 
vember  21,  1813.  He  was  educated  at 
a  common  school ;  the  early  part  of  his 
life  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pur 
suits  ;  from  the  age  of  sixteen  to  twenty- 
four  he  followed  ike  business  of  a  tailor ; 
taught  school,  and  having  studied  law 
at  the  same  time,  has  since  practised 
that  profession.  He  was  for  five  years 
District  Attorney  for  Montour  County; 
for  a  short  time  Superintendent  of 
Common  Schools  for  the  same  county; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Roads 
and  Canals. 

Leigh,  Benjamin   WatJcins.  — 

Born  in  Virginia  in  1782,  and  died  at 
Richmond,  February  2,  1849.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  his 
State,  well  known  as  a  lawyer  and  pub 
lic  man.  From  1829  to  1841  he  was 
Reporter  of  the  State ;  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Delegates ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  of  1830  for  re 
vising  the  State  Constitution  ;  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  1834  to  1837. 

Leiper,  George  G. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Leiter,  Benjamin  F.  —  He  was 

born  in  Leitersburg,  Washington  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  October  13,  1813.  He 
was  chiefly  educated  by  his  father  ; 
taught  school  in  Maryland,  from  1830 
to  1834 ;  removed  to  Ohio  and  taught 
there  until  1842,  after  which  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  law,  in  which  he 
was  successful ;  he  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  Legislature  in  1848,  and  was  chosen 
temporary  Chairman,  by  the  Demo 
crats,  acting  as  such  throughout  the 
long  contest  of  that  year  between  his 
party  and  the  "Whigs,  which  is  now 
spoken  of  in  Ohio  as  the  "days  of  the 
Revolution  ;"  in  1849  he  was  re-elected 
and  chosen  Speaker ;  and  in  1854  he 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  re-elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


229 


to  each  successive  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Affairs. 

Lent,  James. — He  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1829  to  1833,  and  died  in  Washington, 
February  24,  1833.  He  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Department  of  State. 

Leonard,  George. — Born  in  Bos 
ton,  July  4,  1729;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1748  ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1789  to  1793,  and 
from  1795  to  1797;  a  man  of  unusual 
wealth ;  for  his  learning  was  made  a 
Doctor  of  Laws ;  and  died  at  Newton, 
Massachusetts,  July  26,  1819.  His  de 
scendants  are  numerous,  and  many  of 
them  distinguished. 

Leonard,  Moses  G. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  was  for  several  years 
Commissioner  of  Emigration  in  the  city 
of  New  York. 

Leonard,  Stephen  U. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Letcher,  John. — Born  in  Lexing 
ton,  Roekbridge  County,  Virginia," 
March  29,  1813 ;  he  commenced  his 
classical  studies  at  Washington  College, 
and  completed  his  education  at  Ran 
dolph  Macon  College  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1839  ;  during  that  year  he 
established,  and  for  a  time  edited,  the 
Valley  Star,  in  Lexington;  a  member 
of  the  Convention  for  reforming  the 
Constitution  of  Virginia  in  1850;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  Thirty- 
fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  generally  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means.  He 
was,  in  1859,  elected  by  the  democracy 
of  Virginia  Governor  of  that  Com 
monwealth. 

Letcher,  Robert  P. — He  was  born 
in  G-oochland  County,  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  good  education,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Legisla 


ture,  and  was  at  one  time  elected  Speaker 
of  the  House ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1823  to  1835;  Governor 
of  Kentucky  from  1840  to  1844  ;  and 
in  1849  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Mexico.  Died  in  Frankfort,  Kentucky, 
January  24,  1861. 

Levin,  Lewis  C. — He  was  born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  November 
10,  1808;  received  a  liberal  education, 
having  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
South  Carolina  ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  and  practised  the  same  in  Mary 
land,  Louisiana,  Kentucky,  and  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1847  to 
1851,  generally  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Naval  Affairs.  To  him  is  gene 
rally  awarded  the  credit  of  having 
founded,  in  1843,  the  Native  American 
Party.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  March 
14,  1860. 

Lewis.  Abner. — He  was  born  in 
New  York  ;  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  from  Chautauque 
County,  in  1838  and  1839,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Lewis,  IHvcon  H.— Born  in  Din- 
widdie,  County,  Virginia,  in  1802,  and 
was  educated  at  the  South  Carolina  Col 
lege.  He  studied  law,  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  and  became  eminent  in  his  pro 
fession.  He  was  an  able  and  amiable 
man,  and  physically  very  large  and 
fleshy ;  and  the  story  is  related  of 
him,  that  when  returning  home  on  one 
of  the  Southern  steamers,  which  was 
wrecked,  he  refused  to  take  a  seat  in  a 
small  boat,  because  the  lives  of  several 
persons  would  thereby  be  jeopardized, 
and  though  for  a  time  he  was  in  great 
danger,  he  was  rescued.  He  represented 
Alabama  in  Congress,  from  1829  to 
1843,  and  from  1844  until  his  death  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress.  Died  in  New 
York,  October  25,  1848. 

Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirteenth  Con 
gress. 

Lewis,    William    J.— He   was    a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1817  to  1819. 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Linon,  Thomas  W. — He  was  born 
in  Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia, 
placed  at  an  early  age  at  Hampden  Syd 
ney  College,  but  finished  his  education 
at  the  University  of  Virginia.  He  stu 
died  law,  and  after  spending  a  year  and 
a  half  at  the  Yale  Law  School,  settled 
in  Baltimore.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1845 
to  1849,  having  been  re-elected  for  a 
second  term ;  and  was  elected  in  1854 
Governor  of  that  State. 

Lilly.  Samuel. — "Was  born  in  New 
York,  adopted  the  medical  profession, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Lincoln^    Abraham.  —  He    was 

born  in  Hardin  County,  Kentucky, 
February  12,  1809 ;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Indiana  in  1816 ;  received  a 
limited  education  ;  spent  two  years  at 
school  in  Stafford  County,  Virginia  ; 
taught  school  and  studied  law  for  a  time 
in  Culpeper  County,  of  that  State ;  re 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1830,  and  turned 
his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits  ; 
he  served  as  a  Captain  of  volunteers  in 
the  Black  Hawk  war  ;  was  at  one  time 
Postmaster  in  a  small  village  ;  and  he 
served  four  years  in  the  Illinois  Legis 
lature,  during  which  time  he  turned  his 
attention  again  to  the  study  of  law,  and 
settled  at  Springfield  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  National  Convention  which  nomi 
nated  General  Taylor  for  President  in 
1848,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1847  to  1849, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post- 
ofiice  and  Post-roads,  and  on  Expenses 
in  the  War  Department.  In  1858  he 
acquired  distinction  by  stumping  the 
State  of  Illinois,  for  the  United  States 
Senate,  against  S.  A.  Douglas  ;  and  in 
1800  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republi 
can  Party  as  their  candidate  for  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  and  was  duly 
elected  to  that  position  for  the  term 
commencing  the  4th  of  March,  1861. 
By  the  Baltimore  Convention,  held  in 
1864,  he  was  nominated  for  re-election 
to  the  Presidency. 

Lincoln9  Enoch. — Born  in  Wor 
cester,  Massachusetts,  December  28, 
1788;  and,  after  studying  law,  settled 
in  Fryeburg,  Maine,  and  afterwards 
removed  to  Paris.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  House  of  Repre 


sentatives,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1818  to  1820,  and  from  1821  to  1826 
from  the  new  State  of  Maine,  when  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  Maine,  and  re- 
elected  in  1828.  He  published,  while 
at  Fryeburg,  a  poem,  entitled  "  The 
Village;"  he  was  also  the  author  of 
some  historical  recollections  of  Maine. 
He  died  at  Augusta,  October  8,  1829. 

Lincoln,  Levi. —  Born  May  15, 
1749,  at  Hingham,  Massachusetts;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1772;  and 
settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Worcester,  where 
he  rose  to  distinction ;  was  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  ;  a  State  Senator  in  1797 ;  County 
Prosecutor  in  1775;  a  State  Councillor 
in  1806,  1810,  and  1811 ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1799 
to  1801 ;  and  during  the  administration 
of  President  Adams  he  wrote  a  series  of 
political  papers,  called  "Farmer's  Let 
ters."  In  1801  he  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  the  United  States, 
and  acted  as  Secretary  of  State  until 
Mr.  Madison  reached  Washington ;  and 
in  1807  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Massachusetts ;  acting  as  Governor  in 
1809,  after  the  death  of  Governor  Sul 
livan.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  Asso 
ciate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  but 
declined  the  office.  He  died  at  Wor 
cester,  Massachusetts,  April  14,  1820, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 

Lincoln,  Levi. — He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts ;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1812 ;  a  State  Representative  from  1814 
to  1823,  and  two  years  Speaker  ;  Lieute- 
naiit-Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1823 ; 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State 
in  1824  ;  Collector  at  Boston,  from  1841 
to  1843 ;  a  State  Senator  in  1844  and  1845, 
and  President  thereof;  Mayor  of  Wor 
cester  in  1848  ;  and  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1825  to  1834;  and  from 
1834  to  1841  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress. 

Lindley,  James  J.  —  Born  at 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  January  1,  1822;  went 
with  his  parents  to  Kentucky  when  a 
boy,  and  lived  at  Cynthiana  several 
years ;  was  a  student  in  Woodville  Col 
lege,  Ohio,  for  two  years ;  studied  law, 
and  located  at  Monticello,  Missouri,  in 
1846.  In  1848  he  was  elected  Circuit 
Attorney  for  eight  counties,  and  re- 
elected  in  1852.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


231 


afterwards  removed  to  Davenport,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

Lindsley,  William  D.  —  He  was 

born  in  Connecticut,  and  having  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Linn.  Archibald  L.— He  was  born 
in  New  York;  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843;  and  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Schenectady,  in  1844. 

Linn,  James. — He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1769,  and  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New. 
Jersey,  from  1799  to  1801,  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jeiferson,  Su 
pervisor  of  the  Revenue.  He  also  held 
the  office,  for  many  years,  of  Secretary 
of  State  of  New  Jersey.  Died  at  Tren 
ton,  December  28,  1820. 

Linn,  John. — He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  As 
sembly  and  a  Representative  in  Congress , 
from  New  Jersey,  of  which  State  he  was 
a  native,  from  1817  to  1821.  Died, 
January  6,  1821. 

Linn,  Lewis  F. — Born  near  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  November  5, 1795.  He 
was  educated  chiefly  by  an  elder  brother, 
and  studied  medicine.  In  1809  he  re 
moved  to  Missouri;  and  in  1814  helped 
to  fight  the  battles  of  his  country ;  after 
successfully  practising  his  profession,  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1827;  and  in  1833  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress ;  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  St. 
Genevieve,  Missouri,  October  3,  1843. 
He  proved  himself  to  be  a  man  of  re 
markable  abilities,  identified  himself 
throughout  his  whole  career  in  Congress 
with  the  interests  of  the  valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  when  he  died,  many  of 
the  best  men  in  the  country  eulogized, 
him  for  his  manifold  virtues. 

Litchfield,  Elisha. — He  was  born 
in  Canterbury,  Connecticut,  in  1795 ; 
served  five  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
from  Onondaga  County ;  was  Speaker  in 
1848 ;  was  many  years  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  at  Delphi,  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1821  to  1823,  and  again  from 


1823  to  1825.     Died  at  Cazenovia,  New 
York,  August  4,  1859. 

Little,  Edward  P. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  in  1788,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative,  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1852  to  1853.  He  was  a 
State  Representative  from  1829  to  1834, 
and  from  1835  to  1838 ;  and  Collector  at 
Plymouth  from  1853  to  1857. 

Little,  Peter. — He  was  born  in  Pe 
tersburg,  Pennsylvania ;  removed  to 
Maryland  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1813,  and  was  in  the  latter  year 
appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Colo 
nel  of  infantry ;  and  again  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1816  to  1829. 
Died,  February  5,  1830,  in  Baltimore 
County,  Maryland. 

Littlefield,  Nathaniel  S.— Born 
in  Wells,  York  County,  Maine,  Sep 
tember  20,  1804;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  studied  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Maine  Senate  in  1837,  1838,  and 
1839;  President  of  the  same  a  part  of 
the  time ;  a  Representative,  from  Ma,ine, 
to  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Thirty-first 
Congresses ;  and  a  member  of  the  Maine 
House  of  Representatives  in  1854.  Now 
devoted  to  his  profession. 

Littlejohn,  De  Witt  €.— Was  born 
in  Bridgewater,  Oneida  County,  New 
York,  February  7,  1818;  received  a  tho 
rough  academic  education,  and  since 
1839  has  been  largely  engaged  in  the 
commerce  of  the  lakes  and  canals,  as 
well  as  in  the  manufacture  of  flour.  He 
served  as  President  of  the  village  of 
Oswego,  and  when  it  became  a  city  he 
became  an  Alderman,  and  was  twice 
elected  Mayor.  He  was  seven  times 
elected  to  the  Assembly  of  New  York, 
presiding  as  Speaker  during  five  terms  ; 
and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions. 

Livermore,  Arthur.  —  Born  in 
Londonderry,  New  Hampshire,  July  26, 
1776.  He  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1799  to 
1816;  from  1825  to  1833  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas ;  and  a  Representative 


232 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Congress  from  1817  to  1821,  and  from 
1823  to  1825.  HediedatCampton,New 
Hampshire,  July  1,  1853. 

Livermore,  Edtvard  S. — He  was 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1797  to  1799;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1807  to  1811.  Died  in 
1832,  aged  eighty  years. 

Livermore,  Samuel.  —  Born  in 

Waltham,  New  Hampshire,  in  1732; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1752; 
was  Judge-Advocate  of  the  Admiralty 
before  the  Eevolution;  subsequently 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1793  to  1801,  when  he  resigned; 
and  was  President  pro  tern,  of  that  body 
during  two  sessions.  He  died  at  Hol- 
derness,  May,  1803. 

Livingston,,  Edward. — Born  at 
Claremont,  Livingston  Manor,  New 
York,  in  1764;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1781 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1785,  and  pur 
sued  his  profession  till  1795,  when  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress,  from  New  York  City,  serving 
until  1802.  He  was  then  appointed 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  District 
of  New  York,  and  was  also  Mayor  of  the 
city.  Removing  to  New  Orleans  in  1804, 
he  became  eminent  there  as  a  lawyer  ; 
at  the  invasion  of  Louisiana  he  acted  as 
the  aid  to  General  Jackson ;  was  em 
ployed  in  negotiations  for  the  exchange 
of  prisoners  after  the  war ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Louisi 
ana,  in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1829,  and 
as  a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
1829  to  1831,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Jackson  Secretary  of  State, 
and  in  1833  Minister  to  France.  His 
"  Penal  Code"  is  considered  a  monu 
ment  of  his  profound  learning.  He  died 
at  Rhinebeck,  May  23,  1836. 

Livingston,    Henri/   Walter. — 

Was  born  in  1764;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1786,  and  was  educated  to 
the  law  ;  he  was  secretary  in  1792  to 
Mr.  Morris,  Ambassador  to  France ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1803  to  1807.  He  died  at 
Livingston  Manor,  New  York,  Decem 
ber  22,  1810,  aged  forty-two. 

Livingston,  Robert  Le  Roy. — 


He  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Sixth  Congressional  Dis 
trict  of  New  York,  from  1809  to  1813 
but  resigned  in  1812,  when  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  T.  P.  G-rosvenor  ;  he  was  then 
appointed  by  President  Madison  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  infantry. 

Lloyd,  Edward. — He  was  at  one 

time  Governor  of  Maryland  ;  a  member 
of  Congress  from  1806  to  1809;  and 
served  as  United  States  Senator,  from 
Maryland,  from  1819  to  1826,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  highly  respected  both 
in  public  and  private  life.  He  died  June 
2,  1834. 

Lloyd,  James. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1797 
to  1800,  when  he  resigned. 

Lloyd,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  1769;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1787; 
and  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pur 
suits,  and  resided  in  Russia  a  number  of 
years.  He  devoted  some  attention  to 
literature ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sci 
ences  ;  and  received  from  his  Alma  Ma 
ter,  in  1826,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1808  to  1813, 
when  he  resigned,  and  again  from,  1822 
to  1826,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce,  and  Naval  Affairs. 
His  reputation  was  that  of  an  able  states 
man  and  a  wealthy  and  benevolent  man. 
He  died  in  New  York  City,  April  5, 
1831. 

Loan,  Benjamin  F. — Born  in 
Hardinsburg,  Breckinridge  County, 
Kentucky,  in  1819 ;  settled  in  Missouri 
in  1838,  and  adopted  the  legal  profes 
sion.  When  the  Rebellion  broke  out  in 
1861,  he  took  an  active  part  in  military 
affairs,  and  was  appointed  a  Brigadier- 
General  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Missouri,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  Was 
subsequently  reported  against  by  the 
Committee  on  Elections. 

Loclce,  Francis.— Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  October  31, 
1766.  He  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  in  1803,  and,  having  re 
signed,  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  for  the  years  1814  and  1815,  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


233 


his  native  State,  but  appears  not  to  have 
taken  his  seat.     Died  January,  1823. 

LocJce,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Hopkinton,  Massachusetts,  in  1764;  gra 
duated  at  Cambridge  in  1792;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1796,  and  opened  an 
office  in  Ashby.  He  represented  that 
town  in  the  Legislature  in  1804,  1805, 
1813,  and  1823.  In  1820  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
the  State ;  and  from  1823  to  1829  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Worcester  North  District.  In  1830  he 
was  State  Senator  from  Middlesex 
County  ;  and  in  1831  was  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council.  He  removed  to 
Lowell  in  1837,  and  thence,  in  1849,  to 
Boston,  where  he  died,  March  29,  1855. 

Locke,  Matthew. — Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1730,  and 
died  in  1801.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Congress  at  Halifax,  in  1776,  which 
formed  the  Constitution  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  from 
1793  to  1799.  He  also  served  in  the  Le 
gislature,  and  had  four  sons,  at  one 
time,  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

Lockhart,  James. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  but  removed  to  Indiana, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1851  to  1853.  Died  at 
Evansville,  Indiana,  September  7, 1857. 

Logan,  George. — Born  at  Stanton, 
near  Philadelphia,  September  9,  1753. 
He  was  educated  at  Edinburgh  for  the 
medical  profession,  but  devoted  a  great 
portion  of  his  time  to  agriculture  ;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1798  he  embarked 
for  Europe  for  the  sole  purpose  of  pre 
venting  a  war  between  America  and 
France,  and  prepared  the  way  for  a  ne 
gotiation  which  terminated  in  peace. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  1801  to  1807.  He  went  to  Eng 
land  in  February,  1810,  on  the  same 
peaceful  mission  which  led  him  to 
France,  but  not  with  the  same  success. 
He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Philo 
sophical  Society  and  the  State  Board  of 
Agriculture;  and  in  1797  published 
"Experiments  on  Gypsum"  and  "Ro 
tation  of  Crops."  He  died  at  Stanton, 
April  9,  1821. 

Logan ,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 

I 


Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Logan,  John  A. — Born  in  Jack 
son  County,  Illinois  ;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education ;  went  with  the 
army  as  a  private  in  the  war  with  Mex 
ico,  and  was  made  Quartermaster  of  his 
regiment ;  in  1849  was  elected  County 
Clerk  of  Jackson  County,  but  resigned; 
in  1850  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1852,  having  graduated  at  the  Louis 
ville  University  ;  in  1852  was  elected 
to  the  Illinois  Legislature  ;  in  1853  was 
appointed  a  Prosecuting  Attorney  ;  in 
1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector  ;  was  a 
second  time  elected  to  the  Legislature; 
and  in  1858  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Unfinished  Business  ;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
and  resigning,  served  as  a  Colonel  in 
the  Union  army  in  1861,  and  subse 
quently  as  a  General. 

Logan,  William. — He  was  born  in 
Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  December  8, 
1776 ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  in  1799  ;  studied 
law,  and  practised  with  success  ;  was 
frequently  in  the  Legislature,  and  offici 
ated  as  Speaker ;  was  twice  chosen  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  during  the  years  1819  and 
1820 ;  and  died  August  8,  1822. 

Long,  Alexander. — He  was  born 
in  Greenville,  Mercer  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  December  24,  1816 ;  was  educated 
at  Cary's  Academy  (now  Farmer's  Col 
lege),  Ohio  ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  practising  in  Cincinnati ;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1848  and 
1849,  and  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Claims.  He  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Long,  Edward  H. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Long,  John.  —  Born  in  Loudon 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  farmer  by  pro 
fession  ;  entered  public  life  as  a  Senator 
in  the  Assembly,  in  1815,  and  in  1821 
was  elected  to  Congress,  as  a  Represen- 


16 


234 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tative,  from  North  Carolina,  where  he 
remained  until  1829. 

Longfellow,  StepJien.  —  He  was 

born  in  Gorham,  Massachusetts,  June 
23,  1775;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1798 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801 ;  was  for 
many  years  a  leading  politician  and 
lawyer  in  Maine  ;  and  a  member  of  the 
Hartford  Convention  in  1814,  of  which 
body,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was 
the  only  surviving  Delegate  from  Mas 
sachusetts.  From  1817  to  1836  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Corporation  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  he  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1819  ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1826 ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1823  to  1825 ;  and  died  at 
Portland,  August  2,  1849. 

LongnecJcer,  Henry  C.  —  Born 
in  Allentown,  Lehigh  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1825 ;  graduated  at  Lafay 
ette  College  ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  served  as  a  Lieutenant  and  also  as 
Adjutant  in  the  war  with  Mexico  ;  was 
appointed  District  Attorney  for  Lehigh 
County  on  his  return  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs. 

Longyear,  John    W.  —  He  was 

born  in  Shandaken,  Ulster  County,  New 
York,  October  22,  1820;  received  a  good 
academic  education  ;  removed  to  Michi 
gan  in  1844 ;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1846 ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Michigan,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Cornmittee  on  Commerce,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
on  the  Public  Buildings. 

Loomis,  A. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive'  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837 
to  1838. 

Loomis,  Arphaxad. — He  was  for 

three  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  New  York,  from  Herkimer  County, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

Loomis,  Dwight.  —  Born  in  Co 
lumbia,  Tolland  County,  Connecticut, 


July  27, 1821 ;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  spent  the  most  of  his  youth 
on  a  farm,  and  taught  school  for  about 
one  year ;  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  1844,  and  having  finished  his  legal 
studies  at  New  Haven,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1847 ;  since  which  time  he 
has  practised  his  profession  at  Rockville, 
Connecticut.  In  1851  he  was  elected  to 
the  Connecticut  Legislature  ;  was  a  De 
legate  in  1856  to  the  "  People's  Conven 
tion"  in  Philadelphia;  was  a  State  Se 
nator  in  1857;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Connecticut,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Elections,  and  on  Agriculture. 

Lord,  Frederick    W.  —  Born  in 

Lyme,  Connecticut,  December  11,  1800  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1821  ;  was 
for  two  years  Professor  of  Mathematics 
in  Washington  College  ;  had  charge  for 
three  years  of  an  academy  in  the  city 
of  Baltimore  ;  devoted  himself,  in  Bal 
timore,  for  several  years,  to  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  received  a  diploma 
from  Yale  College,  in  1829;  spent  fif 
teen  years  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  at  Sag  Harbor,  New  York,  when 
he  retired-;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1847 
to  1849.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Baltimore  National  Convention  for  no 
minating  a  President  in  1840.  Died  at 
New  York,  May  24,  1860. 

Love,  James. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Love,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1807  to  1811. 

Love,  JP.  E. — Born  near  Dublin, 
Laurens  County,  Georgia,  July  7, 1818  ; 
was  educated  at  Franklin  College  ;  stu 
died  medicine  and  attended  medical  lec 
tures  in  Philadelphia;  relinquished  that 
profession,  and  turned  his  attention  to 
law,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1839 ;  in  1843  he  was  chosen  Solicitor- 
General  for  the  Southern  District  of 
Georgia ;  in  1849  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  in  1853  he  was  appointed 
a  Judge  for  the  Southern  Circuit  of 
Georgia;  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Georgia,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


235 


Congress,  serviru 
Expenses  in  the  i 


on  the  Committee  on 
State  Department. 


Love,,  Thomas  C. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative    in    Congress,   from    New 
York,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Love,  William  C. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  educated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  of  which  his  father  was 
steward ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Lovejoy,  Oiven. — He  was  born  in 
Albion,  Kennebec  County,  Maine,  Ja 
nuary  6,  1811;  labored  on  a  farm  until 
eighteen  years  of  age;  taught  school, 
and  thereby  received  the  means  for  a 
college  education,  which  he  received  at 
Bowdoin.  He  was  a  clergyman  of  the 
Congregational  church  at  Princeton,  Il 
linois,  from  1838  to  1854,  having  resign 
ed  his  pastoral  duties  to  take  a  seat  in 
the  Illinois  Legislature,  in  that  year  ; 
and  in  1856  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth,  Thirty-seventh,  and  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  and 
Public  Lands,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture,  and  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Territories. 
Died  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  March 
25,  1864. 

Lovett,  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
Norwich,  Connecticut ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1800  and  1801, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1813  to  1814,  and  from 
1815  to  1817.  He  died  in  1818,  in  Ohio. 

Loivell,  Joshua  A. — He  was  born 
in  Thomaston,  Maine,  March  20,  1801  ; 
his  educational  advantages  were  limited, 
but  he  commenced  active  life  by  teach 
ing  school ;  he  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  having  come  to  the  bar  in  1826  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature 
in  1826, 1831,  1832, 1833, 1835,  and  1836 ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1839  to  1843.  He  was  also 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844. 

Lower,  Christian. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1805  to  1807. 


Lowndes,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1765; 
received  a  thorough  education,  and  was 
one  of  the  chivalrous  citizens  of  his  na 
tive  city.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1801  to  1805,  and  was  distinguished  for 
his  talents.  He  died  in  Charleston,  July 
8,  1843. 

Lotvndes,   William.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
having  been  born  February  7,  1782; 
educated  by  a  private  tutor ;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1806  and  1808; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1811  to  1822, 
when,  from  ill  health,  he  resigned.  In 
1818  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means.  He  died  while  on 
a  voyage,  with  his  family,  from  Phila 
delphia  to  London,  in  the  shipFMoss, 
October  27,  1822,  aged  forty-two.  He 
had  a  memory  of  uncommon  power,  was 
an  eloquent  debater,  and  stood  in  the 
first  rank  of  American  statesmen. 

Lowrie,  Walter. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1819  to  1825.  He  was  afterwards 
Secretary  of  the  United  States  Senate 
from  1825  to  1836. 

Loyall,  George. — Born  in  Nor 
folk,  Virginia,  May  29, 1789  ;  graduated 
at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1808. 
In  1815  he  visited  England,  and  on  his 
return  in  1817,  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia, 
and  served  ten  years.  In  1829  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  amend 
the  State  Constitution,  and  from  1831 
to  1837  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  In  1837  he  was  appointed  Navy 
Agent  at  Norfolk,  and  with  the  excep 
tion  of  two  years,  he  occupied  that  posi 
tion  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebel 
lion. 

Lucas,  Edivard. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1837.  He  was  subsequently  appoint 
ed  Government  Superintendent  at  Har 
per's  Ferry,  where  he  died  March  4, 
1858. 

Lucas,  Jolin  U.  C. — He  was  born 
in  Normandy,  France,  in  1762;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Caen, 
where  he  graduated  as  Doctor  of  Civil 


236 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  Common  Law  in  1782.  He  prac 
tised  his  profession  in  his  native  country 
two  years,  and  then  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  settled  on  a  farm 
near  Pittshurg,  Pennsylvania,  where, 
in  connection  with  agricultural  pur 
suits,  he  devoted  himself  to  acquiring 
the  English  language,  and  making  him 
self  acquainted  with  the  history,  con 
stitution,  and  laws  of  his  adopted  coun 
try.  He  soon  gained  the  confidence  of 
the  people,  and  in  1792  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
served  as  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  for  his  district.  In  1802 
he  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  in  1804.  In  1805 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Jeffer 
son,  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
in  Upper  Louisiana,  when  he  resigned 
his  srat  in  Congress,  and  removed  to 
St.  Louis.  He  was  also  Commissioner 
of  Land  Titles  in  that  Territory.  He 
held  the  office  of  Judge  until  1820,  when 
he  retired  to  private  life,  on  a  farm  ad 
joining  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  where  he 
died  in  September,  1842. 

Lucas  t  William.  —  He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  for  a  second  term,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Lumpkin,  John  H.—He  was  born 
in  Oglethorpe  County,  Georgia,  June 
13,  1812  ;  he  was  educated  at  Franklin 
and  Yale  Colleges  ;  served  for  a  time 
as  Secretary  in  the  Executive  Depart 
ment  of  Georgia  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1853;  in 
1838  he  was  Solicitor-General  of  the 
Cherokee  Circuit  ;  and  he  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1843  to  1849,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  He  also  held 
the  office,  for  three  years,  of  Judge  of 
the  Cherokee  Circuit  Court,  and  that 
of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State.  Died  in  Kome,  Georgia,  in  1860. 


Wilson.  —  Born  in 
Pittsylvania  County,  Virginia,  January 
14,  1783.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  while  engaged  as  a  copy 
ing  clerk,  in  his  father's  office,  studied 
law.  Soon  after  attaining  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  he  was  sent  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  continued  in  that  capa 
city  a  number  of  years.  He  was  twice 


elected  Governor  of  Georgia.  In  1823 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
to  mark  out  the  boundary  line  between 
Georgia  and  Florida  ;  and  by  President 
Jackson,  was  appointed  a  Commissioner, 
under  the  Cherokee  treaty  of  1835.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Pub 
lic  Works.  He  served  in  the  Federal 
House  of  Representatives,  from  1815  to 
1817,  and  from  1827  to  1831 ;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Lyle,  Aaron. — He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolution,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1809  to  1817.  Died  September  24, 1825. 

Lym-an,  J.  S. — He  was  born  in 
Hampden,  Massachusetts,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Lyman,  Samuel.— He  was  a  gra 
duate  of  Yale  College  in  1770 ;  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1795  to  1800.  From  1786 
to  1788  he  served  in  the  Legislature, 
and  from  1790  to  1793  as  State  Senator. 

Lyman,  William. — A  native  of 
Northampton,  Massachusetts ;  gradua 
ted  at  Yale  College  in  1776,  and  was 
Brigadier-General  of  militia.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1793 
to  1797 ;  and  appointed  Consul  to  Lon 
don  in  1805,  where  he  died,  October, 
1811,  aged  about  fifty -eight  years.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
in  1787,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1789. 

Lynde,    William  JP. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Wis 
consin,  from  1848  to  1849. 

Lyon,  Asa. — Was  a  native  of  Con 
necticut  ;  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1790,  and  shortly  after  his  gradua 
tion,  removed  to  South  Hero,  Vermont. 
He  was  appointed  Chief  Judge  of  Grand 
Isle  County,  in  1805,  1806,  1808,  and 
1813.  He  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  South  Hero,  in  1802,  1804,  1805, 
1806,  and  1808,  and  from  Grand  Isle  in 
1810,1811,  1812,  1813,  and  1814.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council 
in  1808 ;  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1815  to  1817.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Corporation  of  the 
University  of  Vermont,  from  1814  to 
1821  inclusive.  He  is  said  to  have  been 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


237 


a  second  cousin  of  Eobert  Burns,  the 
Scotch  poet.  He  was  for  many  years, 
and  until  his  death,  an  able  preacher  of 
the  Gospel.  Although  never  regularly 
installed,  he  preferred  the  Calvinistic 
form  of  worship.  He  was  distinguished 
for  his  ripe  scholarship  and  eloquence. 
By  rigid  economy  and  prudence,  he 
amassed  wealth,  and  died  at  South  Hero, 
April  4,  1841.  His  published  sermons 
and  patriotic  addresses  indicate  a  high 
order  of  talent,  and  an  intimate  ac 
quaintance  with  modern  and  classic 
literature. 

Lyon,  Caleb, of Lyonsdale. — The 

grandfather  of  this  gentleman,  who  bore 
the  same  name,  was  a  Lieutenant  of  the 
Massachusetts  militia,  and  was  wounded 
at  Bunker  Hill  ;  and  his  father,  also 
named  Caleb,  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Legislature,  and  an  ardent  friend 
of  De  Witt  Clinton.  He  was  born  in 
Lyonsdale,  New  York,  December  7, 
1822  ;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Vermont,  in  1841 ;  travelled  extensively 
in  Europe ;  was  appointed  by  President 
Polk,  Consul  at  Shanghai,  China;  on 
his  return  he  visited  Mexico,  Brazil, 
Chili,  Peru,  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
California,  and  was  Secretary  of  the 
Convention  called  in  1849  to  form  a 
Constitution,  and  designed  the  coat  of 
arms  for  the  Golden  State.  He  made  a 
second  visit  to  Europe,  and  extended 
his  travels  to  Egypt  and  the  Holy  Land. 
From  his  native  State,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Assembly,  but  on  the  question  of 
enlarging  the  Erie  Canal,  which  he  fa 
vored,  he  resigned,  and  was,  during  the 
same  year,  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
as  its  youngest  member,  and  for  his 
services  he  was  presented  by  his  brother 
Senators,  in  the  State  Capitol,  with  a  ser 
vice  of  plate  ;  and  was  the  author  of  the 
bill  for  purchasing  Washington's  head 
quarters  at  Newburg,  by  the  State ; 
and  was  subsequently  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
from  New  York.  While  abroad  he 
was  identified  with  the  Kosta  affair  as 
the  friend  of  Captain  Duncan  N.  Ingra- 
ham.  He  writes  poetry,  lectures  on 
the  East,  translates  Oriental  literature, 
and  is  a  member  of  several  Historical 
Societies,  with  a  passion  for  archseolo- 

fic  and  antiquarian   lore.     The  title  of 
jL.D.  has  been  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  University  of  Vermont.     In  Febru 
ary,  1864,  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  Governor  of  Idaho. 


|  Lyon,  Chittenden. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1827  to  1835,  and  died  in 
Caldwell  County,  Kentucky,  in  Novem 
ber,  1842. 

Lyon,  Francis  S. — He  was  born 
in  North  Carolina,  and  having  settled 
in  Alabama,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1839. 

Lyon,  Lucius. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  but  emigrated  to  Michigan 
when  quite  a  young  man  ;  devoted  him 
self  for  a  number  of  years  to  the  business 
of  surveying  the  wild  lands  of  the  Ter 
ritory  ;  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  that  Territory,  during  the  years 
1833,  1834,  and  1835 ;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  the  State  of  Michigan, 
from  1836  to  1840 ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 
His  last  public  position  was  that  of  Sur 
veyor-General  in  the  Northwest.  Died 
at  Detroit,  September  25,  1851. 

Lyon,  Matthew1. — He  was  born  in 
Wicklow  County,  Ireland,  in  1746,  and 
having  emigrated  to  this  country  when 
thirteen  years  of  age,  participated  to 
some  extent  in  the  Revolutionary  strug 
gle,  having,  in  1777,  been  appointed 
temporary  Paymaster  of  the  Northern 
army,  and  in  1778  Deputy  Secretary  of 
the  Governor  of  Vermont,  and  at  the 
same  time  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Confis 
cation.  He  settled  in  Vermont  after 
the  war,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  in  1799  and  the 
three  following  years.  In  1783  he 
founded  the  town  of  Fairhaven,  where 
he  built  saw-mills,  grist-mills,  estab 
lished  a  forge  or  iron  foundry,  manu 
factured  paper  from  bass  wood,  and  es 
tablished  a  newspaper,  called  The  Far 
mers'  Library.  He  served  that  town 
in  the  Legislature  ten  years.  In  1786 
he  was  Assistant  Judge  of  Rutland 
County.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1799  to 
1801,  and  it  was  during  his  first  term 
that  he  had  a  personal  difficulty,  on  the 
floor  of  Congress,  with  Roger  Griswold, 
of  Connecticut,  when  an  unsuccessful 
effort  was  made  to  have  him  expelled. 
The  fact  of  his  giving  the  vote  that 
made  Jefferson  President,  is  well  known. 
At  the  end  of  his  second  term  as  a 
Representative,  from  Vermont,  he  re 
moved  to.  Kentucky,  served  two  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  and 


238 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1803  to  1811.  After 
his  final  retirement  from  Congress,  and 
on  November  13, 1811,  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Kepresentatives  presented  a  pe 
tition  from  him,  setting  forth  that  he  had, 
many  years  before,  been  prosecuted  and 
convicted  under  the  sedition  law  (see 
"State  Trials  of  the  United  States"); 
that  he  had  suffered  imprisonment,  and 
been  made  to  pay  the  sum  of  $1060.90, 
and  that  he  wished  to  have  the  money 
refunded  to  him.  On  July  4,  1840,  a 
law  was  passed,  paying  to  his  heirs  the 
specified  sum,  with  interest  from  Fe 
bruary,  1799.  It  was  while  in  prison 
at  Vergennes,  that  he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  and  at  the 
close  of  his  services  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  he  was  employed  to  build 
gunboats  for  the  war,  but  became  bank 
rupt  from  the  speculation.  In  1820  he 
was  appointed  a  Factor  among  the  Che 
rokee  Indians  in  Arkansas  ;  when  that 
Territory  was  organized,  he  was  elected 
the  first  Delegate  to  Congress,  but  did 
not  live  to  take  his  seat,  having  died  at 
Spadra  Bluff,  Arkansas,  August  1,  1822. 

Lytle,  Robert  T.— He  was  distin 
guished  as  a  public  speaker,  and  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1833  to  1835.  He  died  in  New  Orleans, 
December  21,  1839. 

Mace,  Daniel. — Was  a  native  of 
Ross  County,  Ohio  ;  he  commenced  life 
as  a  merchant,  in  Warren  County,  In 
diana,  but  subsequently  became  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer.  He  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1851  to  1855. 

Machir,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1797  to  1799.  Died  June  25,  1827. 

Macla/y,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1795  to  1798,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1808, 
when  he  resigned. 

Maclay,  William. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1789  to  1791,  and  died  in  April, 
1804. 

Maclay,  William. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Pennsylvania ;  held  the  offices 
of  County  Commissioner  and  Associate 


Judge  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1817  to  1819.  Died  Janu 
ary  4,  1825,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Maclay9    William  B. — Born  in 

New  York  City  in  1815 ;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  New  York,  where  he 
subsequently  officiated  for  a  time  as 
Professor  of  Latin  ;  he  was  also  a  Trus 
tee,  as  well  as  Secretary  of  the  Univer 
sity  ;  he  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law ;  and  in  1836  he  was  associate  editor 
of  the  New  York  Quarterly  Magazine. 
He  was  also  an  active  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  York  for  several 
years,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  in  1843  ; 
was  re-elected  in  1845,  1847,  and  also  in 
1857,  serving  generally  on  important 
committees.  He  was  re-elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

Maclay,    William   P. — He    was 

born  in  Northumberland  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1816  to 
1821. 

Macon,  Nathaniel. — He  was  born 
in  Warren  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1757.  His  early  youth  was  marked  by 
diligence  in  the  acquisition  of  know 
ledge,  and  he  was  sent  to  Princeton 
College  to  complete  his  education  ;  but 
the  troubles  of  the  Revolution  closed 
the  halls  of  that  institution,  and  he  re 
turned  home  and  volunteered  as  a  pri 
vate  in  a  company  commanded  by  his 
brother,  having  refused  a  higher  posi 
tion.  While  in  the  army,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  in 
which  he  served  for  several  years.  In 
1791  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  continued  a  member  of 
that  body  until  transferred  to  the  Uni 
ted  States  Senate,  in  1815,  where  he 
served  until  1828.  From  1801  to  1805 
he  was  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  from 
1825  to  1828  he  was  President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate.  He  was  for  thirty-seven 
years  a  member  of  the  House  or  Senate, 
and  was  called  the  Father  of  the  House, 
having  served  a  longer  time  in  that 
body  than  any  other  man.  In  1828  his 
native  State,  in  honor  of  his  services, 
named  a  county  for  him.  He  after 
wards  returned  to  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  in  1835  was  President  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


239 


Constitutional  Convention  of  the  State. 
He  died  suddenly,  at  his  residence,  June 
29,  1837. 

Macy,  John  IB. — He  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Wisconsin, 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  resided  at  Fond 
du  Lac,  and  was  lost,  September  24,  by 
the  burning  of  the  steamboat  Niagara, 
on  Lake  Michigan. 

Madison,  James. — He  was  born 
on  the  Rappahannock  Kiver,  in  Vir 
ginia,  March  16,  1751  ;  and,  after  due 
preparation,  he  entered  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1769,  and  graduated  in  1771, 
going  through  the  junior  and  senior 
studies  in  one  year.  He  remained  at 
the  College  until  1772,  fpr  the  purpose 
of  studying  Hebrew.  In  1776  he  was 
sent  to  the  General  Assembly,  and  in 
1778  was  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council;  from  1779  to  1785  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  was  chosen  a  second  time  in  1786  ; 
in  1789  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  at  Philadelphia  which  formed 
the  Federal  Constitution,  and  he  was  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  under  the 
Constitution,  from  1789  to  1797.  In 
1798  he  went  again  into  the  Assembly, 
and  in  1800  was  an  Elector  for  Presi 
dent.  In  1801  he  was  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States,  which  office 
he  held  until  1809,  when  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  United  States,  and 
served  two  entire  terms.  After  leaving 
the  Executive  chair,  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life  on  his  estate,  known  as  Mont- 
pelier.  He  was  subsequently  a  Visitor 
and  Eector  of  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  and  in  1829  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention,  which  was  the  last 
public  position  he  held.  He  was  one  of 
the  contributors  to  the  Federalist,  and 
his  collected  state  papers  and  miscella 
neous  writings  have  been  published  in 
six  volumes.  He  died  at  Montpelier, 
Orange  County,  Virginia,  June  28, 1836. 

Magee,  John. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831. 

Magruder,  Allan  IB. — A  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion.  He  removed  to  Louisiana,  and 
in  1805  published  "  Reflections  on  the 
Cession  of  Louisiana  to  the  United 
States  ;"  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 


from  that  State,  from  1812  to  1813.  He 
had  collected  materials  for  a  general 
history  of  the  Indians.  He  died  at 
Opelousas,  Louisiana,  in  April,  1822. 

Magruder,  Patrick.  —  He    was 

born  in  Montgomery  County,  Maryland, 
in  1768;  educated  at  Princeton  College  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1805  to  1807 ;  and  was 
Clerk  of  the  United  States  House  of 
Representatives,  from  1807  to  1815.  He 
died  in  Petersburg,  Virginia,  in  1819  or 
1820. 

Malbone,  Francis.  —  He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Isl 
and,  in  1809,  having  previously  been  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1793  to  1797.  He  died  June 
4,  1809. 

Mallary,  Rollin  C. — He  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  1784, 
and  died  in  Baltimore,  April  16,  1831. 
He  represented  the  State  of  Vermont 
in  Congress,  from  1819  to  1831,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  all  matters  ap 
pertaining  to  commerce  as  chairman  of 
an  important  committee.  He  was  held 
in  the  highest  estimation  both  for  his 
public  acts  and  private  virtues. 

Mallory,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 
Died  at  Norfolk,  March  26,  1860. 

Mallory,    Meredith.  —  Born  in 

Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Mallory,  Robert. — He  was  born 

in  Madison  County,  Virginia,  Novem 
ber  15,  1815;  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  in  1827 ;  removed  to 
Kentucky  in  1839,  where  he  has  devoted 
the  most  of  his  life  to  agricultural  pur 
suits  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals ; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals ;  and  also 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means. 


240 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Mallory,  Stephen  It. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Florida,  hav 
ing  been  elected  in  1851,  serving  con 
tinuously,  by  re-election,  until  1861. 
He  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims.  He  resigned  in 
February,  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  Re 
bellion  as  Secretary  of  the  Eebel  Navy. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.  —  Born  in 
Orange  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1792,  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  that  State  in  1815.  He  studied  law, 
rose  to  eminence  in  his  profession,  en 
tered  into  politics,  and  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons  in  1818.  In 
1819  he  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court;  and  from  1823  to  1826, 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress. 
He  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator 
in  1831,  re-elected  in  1841,  and  for  a 
third  term  in  1848,  serving,  on  one  oc 
casion,  as  President,  pro  tern.,  of  that 
body.  In  1837  he  received  eleven  elec 
toral  votes  for  President  of  the  United 
States  ;  and,  during  the  administration 
of  President  Tyler,  was  President  of 
the  United  States  Senate.  He  subse 
quently  lived  in  retirement  at  his  home 
in  North  Carolina.  Died  September 
14,  1861. 

Mann,  Abijah,  Jr.  —  Born  at 
Fairfield,  Herkimer  County,  New  York, 
September  24,  1793  ;  he  received  a  good 
common  school  education,  and  became 
a  teacher  in  the  district  school  in  Oneida 
County  ;  he  was  afterwards  a  merchant, 
Postmaster,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace ; 
and  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1827, 
serving  by  re-elections  until  1830.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1837,  during  which  time  he 
served  on  several  committees,  being 
once  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Rules  and  Orders  of  the  House.  In 
1837,  on  returning  to  his  native  county, 
he  was  again  re-elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture.  He  afterwards  removed  to  New 
York  City,  and  declined  all  official  em 
ployments. 

Mann.  Horace. — Born  in  Frank 
lin,  Norfolk  County,  Massachusetts, 
May  4,  1796.  He  was,  to  some  degree, 
self-educated,  but  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1819,  where  he  subse 
quently  held  the  position  of  Tutor  of 
Latin  and  Greek ;  he  studied  law  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  while  coun- 


sellor-at-law,  in  Dedham,  Massachu 
setts,  where  he  settled  in  1826,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature.  He 
removed  to  Boston  in  1834,  where  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  chosen 
President  of  that  body,  and  also  Presi 
dent  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Edu 
cation,  which  he  was  foremost  in  found 
ing  ;  he  also  rendered  important  services 
in  behalf  of  the  Normal  Schools  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  1848  to  1853.  After 
that  time  he  continued  to  be  devoted  to 
matters  connected  with  education,  hav 
ing  been  appointed  President  of  Antioch 
College  and  the  Northwestern  Christian 
University  at  Indianapolis.  He  wrote 
much  and  well,  and  is  remembered  as  a 
benefactor  to  his  race.  Died  at  Yellow 
Springs,  Ohio,  August  2,  1859. 

Mann,  Job.  —  Born  in  Bethel 
Township,  Bedford  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  March  31,  1795;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  ;  in  1816  was 
appointed  Clerk  to  a  board  of  county 
commissioners ;  two  years  afterwards 
he  was  appointed  Register,  Recorder, 
and  Clerk,  for  the  courts  of  Bedford 
County,  all  of  which  positions  he  con 
tinued  to  hold  until  1835,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
where  he  served  one  term.  In  1839  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar ;  in  1842  was 
appointed  State  Treasurer,  which  office 
he  held  for  three  terms ;  and  in  1847 
was  again  elected  to  Congress,  where 
he  served  until  1851,  declining  a  re-elec 
tion. 

Mann,  Joel  K. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1780,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1831  to  1835.  He  died  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  Sep 
tember  4,  1857. 

Manning,  Richard  I. — He  was 

born  in  Sumter  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  May  1,  1789;  graduated  at  the 
State  College  at  Columbia  in  1811 ; 
commanded  a  volunteer  company  in 
the  war  of  1812 ;  was  frequently  in  the 
upper  and  lower  House  of  the  State 
Legislature ;  was  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  for  two  years  from  1824 ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1834 
to  1836  ;  and  died  May  1,  1836,  at  Phila 
delphia,  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  very  suddenly,  while  seated  at  the 
table  with  his  family.  He  was  greatly 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


241 


respected  for  his  talents  and  virtues, 
Mr.  Preston  and  Mr.  Pinckney  both 
eulogizing  him  in  Congress. 

Marable,  John  H. — He  was  born 
in  Brunswick  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Marchand,  Albert  G.— He  was 

a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1839  to  1843,  and 
died  at  his  residence,  in  Greensburg, 
Pennsylvania,  February  5,  1848. 

Marchand,  David.— Tie  was  born 
in  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1821. 

Marcy,  Daniel.  —  Born  in  New 
Hampshire,  November  7,  1809 ;  became 
a  sailor  when  twelve  years  of  age,  and 
at  twenty  was  master  of  a  ship  ;  in  1853 
and  1854  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature  ;  in  1856  and 
1857  of  the  State  Senate ;  was  subse 
quently  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and 
ship-building  business;  and  was  elected 
a  Kepresentative,  from  New  Hampshire, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department. 

Marcy,  William  Lamed. — He 

was  born  in  Sturbridge,  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  in  1786,  and 
died  in  Ballston  Spa,  New  York,  July 
4,  1857.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1808;  taught  school  for  awhile 
in  Newport,  Rhode  Island;  studied  law, 
and  commenced  practice  in  Troy,  New 
York.  He  was  appointed  Recorder  of 
that  city  in  1816 ;  made  Comptroller  in 
1823,  and  removed  to  Albany.  In  1829 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  in  1831.  Elected 
Governor  of  New  York  in  1832,  and 
re-elected  in  1834.  He  was  Secretary  of 
War,  under  President  Polk,  from  1845 
to  1849 ;  and  Secretary  of  State,  under 
President  Pierce,  from  1853  to  1857. 
He  was  a  hard-working,  careful,  plain 
man,  and  a  good  scholar.  As  a  states 
man  and  diplomatist,  he  had  the  repu 
tation  of  displaying  both  judgment  and 
skill ;  but  his  crowning  virtue  was  his 
incorruptible  integrity. 


Mardis,  Samuel  W. — Born  in 
Alabama  in  1801,  and  died  at  Talladega, 
in  that  State,  November  14,  1837.  He 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  was 
much  respected  for  his  manly  virtues. 

Marion,  Robert. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  South  Carolina,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1805  to  1810. 

Markell,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Markell,  Jacob. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Markley,  Philip  S. — He  was  born 

in  Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823  to  1827, 
and  was  in  the  latter  year  appointed 
Naval  Officer  for  the  Port  of  Philadel 
phia. 

Marks,  William.— Was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1825  to  1831. 

Marr,  Alem. —  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1807;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Marr,  George  W.  L'.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Marrow,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1805  to  1809. 

Marshy  Charles. — Born  at  Leba 
non,  Connecticut,  July  10,  1765,  but 
with  his  father's  family  removed  to 
Vermont,  before  the  Revolution.  He 

fraduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
786,  studied  law,  and  commenced  prac 
tice  in  Woodstock,  Vermont.  He  was 
for  fifty  years  devoted  to  his  profession, 
and  for  a  long  time  at  the  head  of  the 
bar  in  the  State.  He  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
while  in  Washington  became  identified 
with  the  American  Colonization  So 
ciety  as  one  of  its  founders.  He  acquired 
great  popularity  as  a  patron  of  benevo- 


242 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


lent  societies  generally,  and  was  a 
highly  influential  and  useful  citizen. 
Died  at  Woodstock,  Vermont,  January 
11,  1849.  The  degree  of  LL.  D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Dartmouth  Col 
lege. 


y    George   P.  —  Born    in 

Woodstock,  Vermont,  March  15,  1801  ; 
was  educated  at  Dartmouth  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1820.  He  after 
wards  removed  to  Burlington,  Vermont, 
where  he  commenced  the  study  of  the 
law;  and  afterwards  made  that  place 
his  home.  After  his  admission  to  the 
bar,  he  came  into  an  extensive  practice, 
and  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  poli 
tics.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1835,  and  in  1842  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  United  States  House  of 
Representatives,  which  he  continued  to 


occupy 


until  he  was  sent  as  Resident 


Minister  to  Turkey,  in  1849,  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor.  At  this  post  he  rendered 
essential  service  to  the  cause  of  civil  and 
religious  toleration  in  the  Turkish  Em 
pire.  He  was  also  charged  with  a  spe 
cial  mission  to  Greece  in  1852.  '  He  is 
well  known  as  an  author  and  a  scholar. 
He  has  devoted  much  attention  to  the 
languages  and  literature  of  the  North 
of  Europe,  and  his  sympathies  appear 
to  be  with  the  Goths,  whose  presence  he 
traces  in  whatever  is  great  and  peculiar 
in  the  character  of  the  founders  of  New 
England.  In  a  work  entitled  "  The 
Goths  in  New  England,"  he  has  con 
trasted  the  Gothic  and  Roman  charac 
ters,  which  he  appears  to  regard  as  the 
great  antagonistic  principles  of  society 
at  the  present  day.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  a  grammar  of  the  old  Northern  or 
Icelandic  language,  and  of  various  es 
says,  literary  and  historical,  relating  to 
the  Goths  and  their  connections  with 
America.  He  is  the  author  of  an  inte 
resting  work  on  the  Camel,  also  of  a 
work  on  the  English  Language,  which 
occupies  a  very  high  rank,  and  his 
miscellaneous  published  addresses  and 
speeches  are  quite  numerous.  After  his 
return  from  Turkey,  he  performed  the 
duties  of  Commissioner  of  Railroads  for 
the  State  of •  Vermont.  His  library  is 
said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  this  coun 
try,  rich  beyond  compare  in  Scandina 
vian  literature.  In  1861  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Minister 
to  Sardinia. 

Marshall)  Alexander  K. — He 


was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Marshall,  Alfred.  —  He  served 
four  years  in  the  Maine  Legislature, 
viz.,  1827,  1828,  1834,  and  1835;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1841  to  1843,  acting  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia ;  and 
from  1846  to  1849  he  was  Collector  at 
Belfast.  He  was  also  for  some  years  a 
General  of  the  State  militia. 

Marshall,  Edivard  C. — He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Repre.sen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  California, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Marshall,  Humphrey. — He  was 

among  the  earliest  pioneers  to  Kentucky, 
having  gone  there  in  1780;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention  in  1787 ; 
served  for  many  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1795  to  1801.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  first  published  History  of 
Kentucky,  and  died  at  an  advanced  age. 

Marshall,  Humphrey. — Born  at 
Frankfort,  Kentucky,  January  13, 1812. 
He  graduated  at  the  West  Point  Aca 
demy,  but  resigned  his  military  com 
mission  of  Lieutenant,  and  studied  law, 
which  he  practised  with  success.  During 
the  ten  years  preceding  the  Mexican 
war,  and  while  devoting  himself  to  his 
profession  in  Louisville,  he  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  military  aifairs  of  the 
State  as  Captain,  Major,  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  ;  he  served  in  the  Mexican  war 
as  Colonel  of  cavalry,  fighting  at  Buena 
Vista,  and  leading  the  charge  of  the 
Kentucky  volunteers;  in  1847,  after  de 
clining  several  important  nominations, 
he  retired  to  a  farm  ;  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  1849,  as  a  Representative, 
and  re-elected  in  1851 ;  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Fillmore  Commissioner  to 
China,  which  was  immediately  raised  to 
a  first-class  mission ;  on  his  return  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress;  in  1856  he  was 
a  member  of  the  American  National 
Council  held  in  New  York,  where  he 
caused  to  be  thrown  off  all  secrecy  in 
the  politics  of  his  party ;  and  in  1857 
he  was  re-elected  to  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs.  He  took  part  in  the  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


243 


bellion  of  1861  as 
teers. 


General  of  volun- 


Mar shall,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  September 
24,  1755,  and  was  the  eldest  of  fifteen 
children.  He  had  some  classical  educa 
tion  in  his  youth,  but  his  opportunities 
for  learning  were  limited,  and  he  never 
entered  college ;  his  father,  Thomas 
Marshall,  having  been  a  poor  man,  but 
possessed  of  superior  talents.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  American  war,  he 
espoused  it  with  ardor;  in  1776  he  was 
appointed  Lieutenant,  and  in  1777  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Captain.  In  1780 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  1781 
resigned  his  commission,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  soon 
rising  to  distinction.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  Convention  to  ratify  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
as  such  produced  a  deep  impression  by 
his  logic  and  eloquence.  He  also  en 
tered  the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  where 
he  was  a  leader.  President  Washington 
invited  him  to  become  Attorney-Gene- 
ral,  and  offered  him  the  mission  to 
France,  after  Mr.  Monroe's  return,  both 
of  which  honors  he  declined.  President 
Adams  appointed  him  an  Envoy  to 
France,  with  Pickering  and  Gerry,  but 
they  were  not  accredited,  and  he  re 
turned  to  the  United  States  in  1798.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  in 
1799 ;  in  1800  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  War:  soon  afterwards  Secretary 
of  State;  and,  January  31,  1801,  upon 
the  nomination  of  President  Adams, 
was  confirmed  as  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  O  nrt  of  the  United  States. 
He  wrote  a  "  Life  of  George  Washing 
ton,"  and  a  "  History  of  the  American 
Colonies."  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
July  6,  1835.  As  a  Judge,  he  was  the 
most  illustrious  in  America,  and  for  his 
public  services  was  ranked  by  many 
with  Washington.  He  was  the  object 
of  universal  affection,  respect,  and  con 
fidence,  and  in  every  particular  one  of 
the  greatest  and  best  of  men. 

Marshall,  S.  S. — He  was  born  in 
Illinois ;  educated  at  Cumberland  Col 
lege,  Kentucky ;  studied  law,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  its  practice  in  his  na 
tive  State.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1846  ;  by  the  Legislature 
he  was  elected  State  Attorney,  serving 
two  years;  in  1851  he  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  in  which 


position  he  remained  until  1854;  and 
having  been  elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Claims.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Marshall,  Thomas  A. — He  was 

born  near  Versailles,  Kentucky,  Janu 
ary  15,  1794;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1815  ;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  in  1816 ;  and  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1831  to  1835.  He  has  been 
a  Judge  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals  of  Kentucky  for  about 
twenty  years ;  and  a  Professor  of  Law 
in  the  Transylvania  College. 

Marshall,  Thomas  F. — He  was 

a  native  of  Kentucky ;  Judge  of  the 
Louisville  Circuit  Court ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  near  Ver 
sailles,  Woodford  County,  Kentucky, 
September  22,  1864,  in  the  sixty-fourth 
year  of  his  age. 

Marston,  Gilinan. — Born  in  New 
Hampshire,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  New  Hampshire,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
During  the  Rebellion  of  1861  he  served 
as  the  Colonel  of  a  New  Hampshire  re 
giment,  retaining  his  seat  in  Congress. 

Martin,  Alexander.  —  Born  in 
Guilford  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
died  in  November,  1807.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Princeton  College,  and  devoted 
much  attention  to  the  pursuits  of  litera 
ture.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial 
Assembly,  and  Colonel  of  a  regiment  in 
the  Continental  line,  having  been  at  the 
battles  of  Brandy  wine  and  Germantown. 
He  was  subsequently  in  the  State  Senate, 
and  was  elected  Speaker  ;  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1782, 
and  again  in  1789,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  framed  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States.  From 
1793  to  1799  he  was  United  States  Sena 
tor  ;  also  President  of  the  Senate.  In 
1793  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Princeton  College, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a 
Trustee  of  the  University  of  North  Ca 
rolina. 

Martin,  Barclay. — He  was  born 


244 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Martin,  Charles  D.  —  Born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  elected  a  Kepresentative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

Martin,  Elbert  S. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post- 
office  Department. 

Martin,  Frederick  S.  —  He  was 

born  in  Rutland  County,  Vermont, 
April  25,  1794;  after  spending  his  early 
life  as  a  sailor  on  Lake  Champlain  and 
at  sea,  he  settled  at  Olean,  New  York, 
as  a  hotel-keeper  and  merchant ;  in  1830 
he  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  that 
place  ;  he  served  three  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Martin,  John  JP.  —  Born  in  Lee 
County,  Virginia,  October  11,  1811;  re 
moved  to  Kentucky  in  1828;  in  1841 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  re-elected  the  following  year ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1845 to  1847. 
n  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of 
Kentucky,  which  was  his  last  public  po 
sition. 

Martin,  Joshua  L.— He  was  a 

member  of  Congress,  from  Alabama, 
from  1835  to  1839,  and  from  1845  to 
1847  Governor  of  that  State.  He  died 
at  Tuscaloosa,  November  2,  1856. 

Martin,   Morgan  L.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of  Wis 
consin,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Martin,  Robert  N. — He  was  born 
in  Dorchester  County,  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Martin,  William  D. — He  was  a 

Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1827  to  1833.  He 
was  distinguished  for  his  talents  and 


public  usefulness.  He  retired  to  bed 
slightly  indisposed,  and  was  found  dead 
in  the  morning.  He  died  at  Charles 
ton,  November"  17, 1833,  aged  forty-five 
years. 

Martindale,  Henry  C. — He  was 

born  in  Berkshire  County,  Massachu 
setts,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823  to 
1831,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835. 

Marvin,  Dudley. — Was  a  native 
of  Lyme,  Connecticut,  from  which  place 
he  removed  to  Canandaigua,  New  York, 
in  1807.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
1811,  and  soon  attained  eminence  in  his 
profession.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1823  to  1829.  In  1844 
he  removed  to  Ripley,  Chautauque 
County,  and  was  again  elected  to  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1847  to  1849.  He 
died  at  Ripley,  New  York,  June  25, 
1852,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Marvin,  James  M.  —  Born  in 
Ballston,  Saratoga  County,  New  York, 
February  27,  1809  ;  spent  a  portion  of 
his  boyhood  on  a  farm,  but  received  a 
good  education .  In  1846  he  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Assembly  ;  was  a  Coun 
ty  Supervisor  for  three  terms ;  is  pro 
prietor  of  one  of  the  large  Saratoga 
hotels,  and  has  chiefly  been  engaged  for 
years  past  in  taking  care  of  a  large  es 
tate.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories. 

Marvin,  Richard  P.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York,  served  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  from  Chautauque 
County,  in  1836,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1837  to  1841. 

Mason,  Armistead  L. — Born  in 

Loudon  County,  Virginia,  in  1785,  and 
educated  at  William  and  Mary  College; 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  a  Co 
lonel  in  the  war  of  1812  ;  and  a  United 
States  Senator,  from  1816  to  1817.  He 
fell  in  the  memorable  duel  with  Colo 
nel  McCarty,  February  6,  1819. 

Mason,  James  B. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1815  to  1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


245 


Mason,  James  M. — Born  on  Ana- 
loston  Island,  Fairfax  County,  Virgi 
nia,  November  3,  1798.  He  received  a 
good  education,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1818;  he 
studied  law  at  the  College  of  William 
and  Mary,  and  obtained  a  license  to 
practise  in  1820 ;  in  1826  he  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  twice  re- 
elected  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1839;  in  1847  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in 
the  place  of  Senator  Pennypacker,  and 
re-elected  in  1849,  in  which  position  he 
continued  until  1861,  having  for  several 
sessions  been  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Relations.  He  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  ;  went  to 
England  as  a  Minister  of  the  Rebel  go 
vernment,  was  captured  by  the  San  Ja- 
cinto,  imprisoned  in  Fort  Warren,  and 
after  his  release  took  up  his  residence  in 
Europe.  He  was  expelled  from  the  Se 
nate  in  July,  1861. 

Mason,  Jeremiah. — Born  at  Le 
banon,  Connecticut,  April  27,  1768,  and 
died  at  Boston,  November  14,  1848. 
Destined  for  professional  life,  he  entered 
Yale  College,  and  after  graduating  in 
1788,  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and 
acquired  the  reputation  of  being  pro 
foundly  learned  in  common  law.  He 
went  to  Vermont,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  that  State,  but  subsequently 
removed  to  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  where  he  became  the  friend  of 
Daniel  Webster,  who  always  spoke  of 
him  in  extravagant  terms  of  praise.  In 
1802  he  was  appointed  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  State,  and  from  1813  to  1817, , 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  having  re 
signed  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  him 
self  to  his  profession.  He  removed  to 
Boston  in  1832,  and  on  reaching  the 
age  of  seventy  he  left  the  bar,  though 
he  was  consulted  as  chamber-counsel  to 
the  close  of  his  life. 

Mason,  John  C. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Accounts. 

Mason,  John  Thomson. — Born 
at  Montpelier,  Washington  County, 
Maryland,  in  May,  1815  ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1836  ;  read  law  in 
Hagerstown,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1838  ;  the  same  year  was  elected 


a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Mary 
land,  and  re-elected  in  1839.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1843,  being  at  that  time  the  youngest 
man  in  Congress.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
by  the  people,  under  the  new  Constitu 
tion  of  the  State,  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals,  which  position  he  filled  till 
1857,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  the  port  of  Balti- 


Mason,  Jolin   Y.  —  He  was  born 

at  Greensville,  Sussex  County,  Virgi 
nia,  April  18,  1799 ;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1816, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D. ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  and  was  a  Federal  Judge  of  the 
Eastern  District  Court  of  Virginia  ; 
Judge  also  of  the  General  Court  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  served  about  ten  years  in  the 
State  Legislature;  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1831  to  1837 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
ventions  of  1828  and  1849  for  revising 
the  State  Constitution ;  a  member  of 
President  Tyler's  cabinet,  as  Secretary  of 
the  Navy ;  a  member  of  President  Polk's 
cabinet,  first  as  Attorney-General,  and 
secondly  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy  ;  was 
subsequently  President  of  the  James 
River  and  Kanawha  Company ;  and  was 
appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Minis 
ter  to  France,  in  which  position  he  was 
continued  by  President  Buchanan.  Died 
in  Paris,  of  apoplexy,  October  3,  1859. 

Mason,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 
in  1757  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1774;  and  died  at  Boston,  No 
vember  1,  1831.  He  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1800  to  1803  ;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817 
to  1820. 

Mason,  Moses. — He  was  a  County 
Commissioner  from  1831  to  1834;  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1834  to  1837  ;  and  a  member  of  the 
State  ExecutiveCouncil  in  1834  and  1845. 

Mason,  Samson. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1843.  He  was  afterwards  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
State  Constitution. 

Mason,  Stevens  Thomson. — He 


246 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  born  in  Chapawansick,  Stafford 
County,  Virginia,  in  1760;  educated  at 
William  and  Mary  College ;  he  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  an  officer  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  attaining  to  the 
rank  of  General ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Burgessess ;  and  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  1794 
to  1803 ;  also  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  to  form  the  Constitution  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture.  He  died  in  1803. 

Mason,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  New  York,  from  Chenango 
County,  from  1820  to  1822  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Masters,  Josiah. — Born  in  Wood- 
bury,  Connecticut,  October  22,  1763  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1784,  soon 
after  which  he  removed  to  Schaghticoke, 
Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  which 
was  thereafter  his  place  of  residence. 
He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1792,  1800,  and 
1801,  when  he  was  appointed  Associate 
Judge  of  Rensselaer  County  ;  and  from 
1805  to  1809  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress.  In  1808  he  was  chosen  first 
Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  zealous  supporter  of 
the  general  measures  against  Great 
Britain,  during  the  war  of  1812,  yet  he 
opposed  with  great  earnestness,  in  seve 
ral  able  speeches,  the  embargo,  non- 
intercourse,  and  other  commercial  re 
strictions.  He  numbered  among  his 
personal  friends  such  patriots  as  Jeffer 
son,  Randolph,  Madison,  Clay,  &c., 
and  was  a  co-operator  and  adviser  of 
De  Witt  Clinton  in  the  system  of  in 
ternal  improvements,  which  gave  to 
New  York  the  rank  of  the  Empire 
State.  He  died  June  30,  1822. 

Mathews,  George.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1789  to  1791. 

Mathews,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  aRepresentati  ve  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1845. 

Mathews,  Vincent. — Born  in  Or 
ange  County,  New  York,  June  29, 
1766.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1790;  and  fixing  his  resi 


dence  near  Elmira,  Tioga  County,  was 
elected  a  State  Representative  in  1793, 
and  in  1796  chosen  a  State  Senator. 
In  1798  he  was  elected  a  Commissioner 
to  settle  certain  claims  for  bounty  land  ; 
and  from  1809  to  1811  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress.  In  1812  he  was 
appointed  District  Attorney  for  a  num 
ber  of  counties  in  Western  New  York ; 
and  in  1816  he  removed  from  Elmira  to 
Bath,  and  thence  to  Rochester,  pursuing 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  differ 
ent  places,  for  no  less  a  period  than 
fifty-six  years.  Toward  the  close  of 
his  life,  he  served  a  second  time  in  the 
Assembly  of  the  State,  and  was  District 
Attorney  for  Monroe  County.  The' Col 
lege  of  Geneva  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  when  he  was 
nearly  seventy-five  years  old ;  and  he 
died  at  Rochester,  August  23,  1846. 

Mathewson,  Elisha. — He  was  at 

different  periods  a  member  of  the  Gene 
ral  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  ;  once  a 
Speaker  in  the  House ;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1807 
to  1811.  He  died  at  Scituate,  Rhode 
Island,  October  14,  1853. 

Mathiot,  Joshua. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843.  Died  July  30,  1849,  at  Newark, 
Ohio. 

MatlacJc,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1821  to  1825,  and  died 
at  Woodbury,  in  same  State,  January 
15,  1840. 

Matson,  Aaron. — He  was  born  in 
Plymouth  County,  Massachusetts  ;  for 
many  years  Judge  of  Probate  in  Che 
shire  County ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1821 
to  1825 ;  a  State  Councillor  from  1819 
to  1821 ;  and  died  at  Newport,  Rhode  Isl 
and,  July  18,  1855,aged  eighty-five  years. 

Matteson,  Orasmns  B. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  in  1849,  and  subsequently  re- 
elected  to  the  same  position. 

Matthews,   William.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1797  to  1799. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


247 


Mattocks,  John. — Born  in  Hart 
ford,  Connecticut,  in  1776,  and  was  a 
resident  of  Peacham,  Vermont ;  tie  was 
for  many  years  distinguished  as  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer ;  had  held  various  public 
trusts,  being  for  two  years  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Vermont ;  and  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to 
1825,  and  from  1841  to  1843  ;  also  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  one  year,  declining 
a  re-election  to  that  office.  He  died  at 
Peacham,  Vermont,  August  14,  1847. 

Mattoon,  Ebenezer. —  Born    in 

Amherst,  Massachusetts  ;  graduated  -at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1776;  he  was  a 
Major  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  Sheriff 
of  Hampshire  ;  arid  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1800 
to  1803  ;  and,  in  1816,  Adjutant-General 
of  militia.  He  died  in  Amherst,  Sep 
tember  11, 1843,  aged  eighty-eight  years. 

Maurice,  James. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Maury,  Abraham  P. — A  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1835  to  1839  ;  died  at  his  residence, 
in  Williamson  County,  Tennessee,  July 
22,  1848. 

Maxwell,  Augustus  E. — Born  in 
Elberton,  Georgia,  September  21,  1820  ; 
received  the  benefit  of  country  schools 
in  Alabama,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia;  studied  law;  re 
moving  to  Florida,  was  elected  in  1847 
to  the  Assembly  of  that  State  ;  was  Sec 
retary  of  State  in  1848  ;  a  State  Senator 
in  1849  ;  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1853  to  1857,  refusing. a  re-nomi 
nation  ;  and  in  1857  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Navy  Agent  at 
Pensacola,  Florida. 

Maxwell,  George  C. — He  was  a 

native  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1811  to  1813. 

Maxwell,  J.  P.  B. — Born  in  New 
Jersey  in  1805  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1823 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1837 
to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  died  at  Belvidere,  New  Jersey,  No 


vember  14,  1845.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  election  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Con 
gress,  and  although  he  came  with  the 
broad  seal  of  his  State,  he  was  not  ad 
mitted. 

Maxwell,  Lewis. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1833. 

Maxwell,    Thomas. — He    was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

May,  Henry. — He  was  born  in  the 
District  of  Columbia ;  received  a  liberal 
education ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1853  to 
1855.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress. 

May,  William  L. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Mayall,  Samuel. — He  was  born 

in  Maine  ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1845,  1847,  and  1848 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Maynard,  Horace. — He  was  born 
in  Westborough,  Massachusetts,  Au 
gust  30,  1814;  graduated  at  Amherst 
College  in  1838,  and  soon  afterwards 
emigrated  to  Tennessee.  He  entered 
the  University  of  East  Tennessee  as  a 
tutor,  and  subsequently  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  Professor  of  Mathematics 
in  that  institution ;  during  that  period 
he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1844.  He  acquired  an  extensive 
practice  in  his  profession  ;  held  a  num 
ber  of  local  offices  in  his  adopted  State  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Tennessee,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
During  the  first  session  of  that  Con 
gress  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Special 
Committee  to  investigate  the  accounts 
of  William  Cullum,  late  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Com 
mittee  ;  and  also  re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress.  For  his  loyalty 
during  the  troubles  of  1861,  his  property 
was  confiscated,  and  he  as  well  as  his 


248 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


family,  were  driven  from  Eastern  Ten 
nessee  by  the  Rebel  government.  He 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

Maynard,  John. — He  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Western  New  York,  and  gra 
duated  at  Union  College  in  1810;  he 
studied  law  and  commenced  practice 
at  Seneca  Falls,  and  then  removed  to 
Auburn.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  gave  a  zealous  support  to 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Adams  ;  he 
was  subsequently  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Senate  for  four  years,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843  a  member  of 
Congress  ;  he  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York,  and  from  January, 
1850,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 
He  died  in  Auburn,  New  York,  March 
24,  1850. 

May  rant,   William.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  South  Caro'lina,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
during  the  years  1815  and  1816. 

McAllister,  Archibald.— He  was 

born  in  Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1814;  and  having  settled  in  Blair 
County,  was  for  thirty-three  years  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron.  In 
1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs. 

Me  Arthur,   Duncan.  — He   was 

born  in  Dutchess  County,  New  York, 
in  1772.  When  he  was  eight  years  of 
age  he  removed  with  his  father  to  Penn 
sylvania,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
volunteered  in  defence  of  the  frontier 
settlements  of  Ohio,  against  the  In 
dians.  He  studied  surveying,  and  ac 
quired  great  wealth  in  the  business  of 
buying  and  selling  lands,  in  addition 
to  surveying  them.  In  1805  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  1806 
was  appointed  Colonel,  and  in  1808  Ma- 
jor-General  of  the  State  militia.  He 
performed  valuable  services  during  the 
war  of  1812,  in  which  he  held  a  Gene 
ral's  commission,  and  although  elected 
to  Congress  in  1813,  declined  leaving 
his  command ;  in  1815  was  again  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  1816 
was  appointed  Commissioner  to  conclude 
treaties  with  the  Indians  ;  from  1817  to 
1819  was  in  the  Legislature,  and  Speaker 


of  the  House  in  1817.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1823  to  1825,  and  in  1830  was  chosen 
Governor  of  the  State,  which  position 
he  held  until  1833,  and  while  in  that 
service  met  with  an  accident,  from  the 
effects  of  which  he  never  recovered, 

McSride,  John  JR. — W^as  born  in 
Franklin  County,  Missouri,  August  22, 
1832  ;  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1846  ;  in 
1854  he  was  chosen  Superintendent  of 
Common  Schools ;  studied  law  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1855 ;  in  1857  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  form 
ed  the  Oregon  State  Constitution ;  was 
chosen  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years 
after  its  adoption ;  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Oregon, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

McBryde,  Archibald. — Born  in 
Moore  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1809  to  1813,  and  sub 
sequently  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
for  two  years. 

McCarty,  Andretv  Z. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1855  to  1857.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1848. 

McCarty,  Jonathan. — Was  a  na 
tive  of  Tennessee,  but  removed,  with 
his  father,  at  an  early  age  to  Indiana. 
He  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and 
was  for  a  time  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  or 
County  Court,  at  Connersville.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1831  to  1837.  He  left 
Indiana  for  Iowa,  where  he  died  in 
1855. 

McCarty,  Hichard. — Was  born 
in  Albany,  New  York,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1823. 

McCarty,  William  M. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1840  to  1841. 

McCauslen,  William  C.— He  was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

McLean,  Moses.— He  was  born  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


249 


Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

McClellan,  Abraham. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1843. 

McClellan,  Robert.  —  He  was   a 

native  of  Schoharie  County,  New  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1837  to  1839,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843. 

McClelland,  Robert.  —  Born  in 
Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania.  He 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  ;  prac 
tised  law  for  a  year  or  so  in  Pittsburg, 
and  in  1833  removed  to  Michigan,  and 
established  himself  at  Monroe.  He 
served  for  several  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1849.  He  was  twice  elected  Governor 
of  Michigan,  in  1851  and  1852 ;  and  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Interior  De 
partment,  by  President  Pierce,  the  ar 
duous  duties  of  which  position  he  per 
formed  with  fidelity  and  ability. 

McClenachan,  Blair. — He  was  a 

Representative*  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1797  to  1799. 

Me  demand,  John  A. — Born  in 
Breckenridge  County,  Kentucky,  May 
30,  1812 ;  brought  up  at  Shawneetown, 
Illinois,  and  had  only  the  advantages 
of  a  common  school  education.  He 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1832,  and  served  as  a  private, 
but  with  credit,  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war.  He  established  the  first  Demo 
cratic  press  in  Shawneetown,  and  edited 
his  paper  and  practised  law  until  1843, 
when  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and 
served  as  a  Representative  until  1851. 
He  had  also,  before  going  to  Congress, 
been  elected  to  the  State  Legislature. 
In  1859  he  was  again  elected  to  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  but  resigned  to  accept 
the  commission  of  Brigadier-General  in 
the  Union  army  in  1861. 

McClurg,  Joseph  W. — Born  in 
St.  Louis  County,  Missouri,  February 
22,  1818 ;  received  a  good  education, 
chiefly  at  Oxford  College,  Ohio;  in  his 


seventeenth  year  he  went  to  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi,  and  spent  nearly  two 
years  as  a  teacher ;  went  to  Texas  in 
1841,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court ;  in 
1844  he  settled  in  Missouri  as  a  mer 
chant  ;  when  the  Rebellion  broke  out 
his  interests  suffered  greatly  from  the 
plunder  of  the  Rebels  ;  took  part  in  the 
war  as  Colonel  of  the  Osage  regiment 
of  infantry,  and  also  of  a  cavalry  regi 
ment  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri 
State  Convention  in  1862,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Territories.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

McComas,  William. — Was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures. 

Me  Connell,  Felix  G. — Was  a  na 
tive  of  Lincoln  County,  Tennessee,  but 
removed  in  1824  to  Talladega  County, 
Alabama.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1846.  He  died,  by  his  own  hand,  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  Sep 
tember,  1846,  aged  thirty-six. 

Me  Cord,  Andrew.  —  He  was   a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
during  the  years  1800,  1801,  1802,  and 
1807,  part  of  the  time  Speaker ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1803  to  1805. 

McCorkle,  Joseph  W. — He  was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  California,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

McCoy,  Robert. — He  resided  at 
one  time  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  and 
held  several  public  positions  in  that 
State,  such  as  Brigadier-General  of 
militia,  and  Canal  Commissioner.  He 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  died 
at  Wheeling,  Virginia,  June  7,  1849. 

McCoy,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Augusta  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1811  to  1833. 

Me  Crate,  John  D. — He  was  born 


17 


250 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Wiscasset  about  1800;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1819 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  from  1831  to  1836; 
Collector  of  Customs  at  Wiscasset,  from 
1836  to  1841  -  and  was  a  Representative  i?a 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1845  to  1847. 

McCreary,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Chester  District,  South  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  182L 

McCreary,  William. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1803  to  1809. 

McCreedy,  William. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

McCulloch,  George. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress.,  from  that  State, 
irom  1840  to  1841. 

McCulloch,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

McCulloch,  Thomas  G.— He  was 

born  in  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1820  to  1822. 

McDonald,  Joseph  E,— Born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

McDonald,  Moses. — Born  in  Li 
merick,  York  County,  Maine,  April  8, 
1815.  Practised  law  from  1837  to  1845  ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legis 
lature  in  1841  and  1842.  In  1845  was 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1847,  1848, 
and  1849,  served  as  Treasurer  of  the 
State;  represented  the  First  Congres 
sional  District  in  the  Thirty-second  and 
Thirty-third  Congresses;  and  in  April, 
1857,  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  Collector  for  the  District  of 
Portland  and  Falmouth. 

McDougall,  James   A.  —  Was 

born  in  Bethiehem,  Albany  County, 
New  York,  November  19,  1817 ;  received 
his  education  at  the  Albany  grammar 
school ;  assisted  in  the  survey  of  the  first 
railway  ever  built  in  this  country,  that 
of  Albany  and  Schenectady;  studied  law, 


and  adopted  that  profession  ;  removed  to 
Pike  County,  Illinois,  in  1837;  in  1842 
he  was  chosen  Attorney-General  of  Il 
linois ;  re-elected  in  1844;  in  1849  he 
originated  and  accompanied  an  explor 
ing  expedition  to  Rio  del  Norte,  the 
Gila,  and  Colorado ;  he  afterwards  emi 
grated  to  California,  and  followed  his 
profession  at  San  Francisco ;  in  1850  was 
elected  Attorney-General  of  California  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
California,  from  1853  to  1855,  declining 
a  re-nomination ;  and  in  1861  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for  six 
years,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Fi 
nance,  and  Naval  Affairs,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

McDowell,  James. — He  was  born 
in  Rockbridge  County,  Virginia,  in  1796, 
and  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1816.  He  was  Governor  of  Virginia 
from  1842  to  1845,  and  from  1845  to 
1851  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Eleventh  Congressional 
District  of  Virginia.  In  1846  his  Alma 
Mater  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  He  was  an  eloquent  speaker,  an 
upright  man,  and  a  true  patriot.  He 
died  near  Lexington,  Virginia,  August 
24,  1851. 

McDoivell,  James  Foster. — Born 
in  Mifflin  County,  Pennsylvania,  De 
cember  3,  1825;  went  with  his  parents 
to  Ohio  in  1835 :  served  for  a  time  in  a 
printing-office ;  during  which  appren 
ticeship  he  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  his  first 
office  was  that  of  County  Attorney.  In 
1851  he  settled  in  Indiana,  and  esta 
blished  the  Marion  Journal ;  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1852;  and  in  1862 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Indiana,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

McDoivell,  Joseph.— Born  inWin- 
chester,  Virginia,  and  emigrated  with 
his  father  to  North  Carolina,  where  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the  military  ope 
rations  of  the  time,  and  was  at  the  bat 
tle  of  King's  Mountain.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Commons  from  1782 
to  1788,  and  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress  from  1793  to  1795,  and  again  from 
797  to  1799. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


251 


McDoivell,  Joseph  J. — He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  on  remov 
ing  to  Kentucky  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

McDuffie,  George. — He  was  born 
in  Columbia  County,  Georgia,  in  1788; 
was  for  a  time  a  clerk  in  Augusta  ;  gra 
duated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in 
1813 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  ;  was  a  Trustee  of  his  Alma 
Mater;  a  Major  of  militia;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  in  1821,  and  served  un 
til  1835,  when  he  was  chosen  Governor 
of  the  State.  In  1843  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  but  was 
compelled  by  ill  health  to  resign  that 
station  before  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  office.  His  ill  health  was  partly  the 
result  of  a  duel  which  he  fought  in  Au 
gusta,  Georgia,  with  Colonel  Cumming, 
in  which  he  was  wounded.  He  was  a 
co-worker  and  friend  of  Calhoun  and 
Hayne,  and  an  eloquent  defender  of  the 
peculiar  institutions  of  the  South.  He 
died  in  Sumter  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  March  11,  1851. 

McFarlan,  Duncan. — A  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1805  to  1807,  and  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
for  three  years. 

McGau-gJiey,  Edivard  IF.  — He 

was  born  in  Indiana,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  another  term 
ending  in  1851. 

McHatton,  Robert.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1826  to  1829. 

McHenry,   John  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Mcllvane,  Abraham  R.  —  Born 
at  Crum  Creek,  Delaware,  August  14, 
1804.  He  was  bred  a  farmer,  in  which 
pursuit  he  was  eminently  successful,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1843  to  1849.  Died 
in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
August,  1863. 


.,  Joseph. — Was  born  in 
Bristol,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1768;  received  a  good  education,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Jersey 
in  1791 ;  he  took  an  interest  in  military 
matters,  and  in  1798  attained  the  rank 
of  Captain  in  McPherson's  Regiment  of 
Blues ;  in  1800  he  was  elected  Clerk  of 
Burlington  County,  and  held  the  office 
twenty-four  years ;  in  1801  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Attor 
ney  of  the  United  States  for  New  Jersey, 
which  office  he  also  held  for  twenty 
years ;  in  1804  he  was  appointed  aide-de 
camp  of  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
with  the  title  of  Colonel;  in  1818  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  New  Jersey,  but  declined  the  ap 
pointment  ;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1823  to 
1826,  having  died  in  Burlington  on  the 
19th  of  August  of  the  latter  year.  He 
was  a  man  of  high  character  and  great 
influence. 

Mclndoe,  Walter  D.— Was  born 
in  Scotland,  March  30,  1819;  emigrated 
to  New  York  City  in  his  fifteenth  year; 
and  was  a  clerk  in  a  large  mercantile 
house ;  followed  the  same  pursuit  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  in  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  and  subsequently  set 
tled  in  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  ;  served  in  the  Wiscon 
sin  Legislature  in  1850,  1854,  and  1855; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856  and 
1860;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Wisconsin,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress  (in  place  of  Luther  Hanchett, 
deceased),  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Re 
volutionary  Pensions.. 

Mclntyre,  Rufiis. — Born  in  York, 
County  of  York,  Maine,  December  19, 
1784  ;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  by  teaching  for  two  or  three 
years,  acquired  the  means  to  fit  himself 
for  college  at  South  Berwick  Academy, 
and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1809. 
He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1812.  In  the  mean  time 
war  was  declared,  and  he  was  appointed 
Captain  of  militia,  and  remained  in 
service  on  the  frontier  until  peace  was 
declared,  after  which  he  returned  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  York.  .He 
represented  that  town  in  the  Brunswick 
Convention ;  and  after  the  separation 
from  Massachusetts,  he  was  a  Repre- 


252 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative  in  the  Legislature  at  its  first 
session  ;  he  was  then  appointed  County 
Attorney,  which  office  he  held  till  elect 
ed  to  Congress  as  Representative  of 
Maine,  serving  from  1826  to  1835.  In 
1826  he  was  a  Commissioner  for  set 
tling  the  boundary  line  of  his  State, 
and  in  1836  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature,  and  was  appointed  Land  Agent 
for  two  years,  in  1839.  He  was  subse 
quently  United  States  Marshal  for 
Maine,  and  Surveyor  of  the  port  of 
Portland  four  years.  He  has  been  con 
nected  with  two  or  three  academies  as 
overseer,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Overseers  of  Bowdoin  College.  He 
is  now  devoted  to  agriculture. 

McKay,  James  J. — Born  in  Bla- 
den  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1793. 
He  was  bred  to  the  law ;  and  served 
from  1815  to  1831  in  the  State  Senate, 
and  was  at  one  time  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1831  to  1849,  and 
was  for  a  time  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means.  At  the 
Baltimore  Convention,  which  nomi 
nated  Lewis  Cass  for  President,  he  re 
ceived  the  vote  of  the  North  Carolina 
delegation  as  candidate  for  Vice-Presi 
dent.  He  died  in  Goldsborough,  North 
Carolina,  September  14,  1853. 

McKean,  James  Badell. — Born 
in  Hoosic,  Rensselaer  County,  New 
York,  August  5,  1821 ;  during  his  youth 
he  worked  upon  his  father's  farm  in 
Saratoga  County,  receiving  his  educa 
tion  chiefly  from  the  district  school  and 
academies;  taught  school  for  a  time, 
and  became  a  school  Superintendent  for 
the  town  where  he  lived  ;  served  one 
term  as  a  Professor  in  Jonesville  Aca 
demy  ;  was  a  Colonel  of  infantry ;  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1849  ;  in  1855  he  was  elected 
County  Judge  for  Saratoga  County  for 
four  years ;  and  in  1858  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
in  the  State  Department.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  State  Department. 

McKean,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823  to  1829, 


and  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  1833  to  1839.  He  died  June  23, 
1840,  in  McKean  County.  He  was  a 
man  of  talent  and  influence. 

McKee,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Rockbridge  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
at  one  time  a  Government  Agent  among 
the  Choctaw  Indians,  also  a  Commis 
sioner  for  settling  the  boundary  line  of 
Tennessee,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1829. 

McKee,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1809  to  1817. 

McKennan,  Thomas  M.   T. — 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to  1839, 
and  from  1841  to  1843,  and  died  at 
Reading,  July  9,  1852. 

McKenney,  John  F. — He    was 

born  near  Piqua,  Ohio,  April  12,  1827  ; 
spent  his  boyhood  chiefly  on  a  farm; 
received  an  academic  education,  and 
spent  one  year  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Unfinished  Business,  and  on 
the  Militia. 

McKeon,  John. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  educated  a  lawyer. 
In  1832,  1833,  and  1834,  he  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1837,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843.  He  has  twice  been 
appointed  United  States  District  At 
torney  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

McKibbin,  Joseph  C. — He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  California,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands  and  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

McKim,  Alexander.— Born  in 
1748,  and  died  at  Baltimore,  January 
18,  1832.  He  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1809  to 
1815. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


253 


McKim,  Isaac. — He  was  a  much- 
respected  and  wealthy  merchant  of  Bal 
timore  ;  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1835  to  1838 ;  and  died  in  Wash 
ington,  April  1,  1838. 

McKinley,  John. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia;  removed  to  Kentucky,  thence  to 
Alabama  ;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1826  to  1837. 
In  1837  he  was  appointed  a  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
and  died  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  July 
19,  1852. 

McKinley,  William. — He  was  a 

Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1810  to  1811. 

McKissock,    Thomas. — He    was 

born  in  Ulster  County,  New  York,  in 
1798.  He  received  a  classical  educa 
tion  ;  was  bred  first  to  the  medical,  and 
afterwards  to  the  legal  profession  ;  was, 
under  the  old  organization,  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

McKnlght,  Robert.  —  Born  in 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1820 ;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in  1839; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842 ;  from  1847  to  1849,  both 
inclusive,  he  was  a  member  of  the  City 
Councils  of  Pittsburg,  the  last  two  years 
President  of  that  body  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Pennsylvania, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Foreign  Affairs,  and  on  Public  Build 
ings. 

McLanahan,  James    X.  —  He 

was  born  in  Antrim,  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1809;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1826 ;  he  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Chambersburg  ;  in 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
and  in  1849  he  was  elected  to  Congress, 
and  re-elected  in  1851,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 
He  is  now  living  in  retirement. 

McLane,  Louis. — He  was  born  in 
Smyrna,  Kent  County,  Delaware,  May 
28,  1784.  When  twelve  years  of  age, 
he  was  appointed  a  midshipman  in  the 


navy,  on  leaving  which,  in  1801,  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1807  ;  in  1812  he  was  a  volunteer 
in  a  company  commanded  by  Cassar  H. 
Rodney,  and  marched  to  the  relief  of 
Baltimore  when  threatened  by  the  Bri 
tish.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1817  to 
1827  ;  and  was  chosen,  by  the  Legisla 
ture,  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1827 
to  1829 ;  was  appointed  in  1829,  by 
President  Jackson,  Minister  to  Eng 
land,  where  he  remained  two  years  ; 
and  in  1831  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  ;  and  in 
1833,  that  of  Secretary  of  State  under 
President  Jackson.  In  June,  1834,  he 
retired  from  political  life,  and  in  1837 
was  chosen  President  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  and,  re 
moving  to  Maryland,  discharged  the 
duties  of  that  ofiice  until  1847.  During 
the  administration  of  President  Polk, 
he  accepted  the  mission  to  England 
while  the  Oregon  negotiations  were 
pending ;  after  which  he  returned  to 
Maryland,  and  in  1850  represented  Ce 
cil  County  in  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  then  retired  to  private 
life.  He  held  a  high  rank  as  a  states 
man,  and  died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
in  1857. 


McLane,  Robert  M. — Born  in 
Delaware,  June  23,  1815;  was  educated 
at  Washington  College,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  and  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Bal 
timore;  went  to  Europe  with  his  father, 
Louis  McLane,  in  1829,  and  on  his  re 
turn  entered  the  West  Point  Academy, 
which  he  left  in  1837 ;  he  served  as  an 
army  officer  in  Florida,  the  Cherokee 
Country,  and  in  the  Northwest;  in  1843 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Baltimore ; 
in  1845  and  1846  was  elected  to  the  Ma 
ryland  Legislature;  and  from  1847  to 
1851  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland.  In  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Pierce  Minister  to 
China,  and  on  his  return  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Baltimore. 
In  March,  1859,  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Buchanan  Minister  to  Mexico, 
but  resigned  in  November,  1860. 

McLean,  Alney. — He  was  born  in 
Burke  County,  North  Carolina,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1821. 


254 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


McLean,  Finis  E.— He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress",  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

McLean,  John. — Born  in  Morris 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1785.  Four 
years  after  his  birth  his  father  emi 
grated  with  his  family  to  Virginia, 
whence  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and 
finally  settled  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
Here  the  son  received  a  scanty  educa 
tion  ;  and,  having  determined  to  pursue 
the  legal  profession,  he  engaged  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  to  write  in  the  clerk's 
office  at  Cincinnati,  in  order  to  maintain 
himself,  by  devoting  a  portion  of  his 
time  to  that  labor,  while  engaged  in  his 
studies.  In  1807  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  1812  he 
became  a  candidate  to  represent  his  dis 
trict  in  Congress,  and  was  elected  by  a 
large  majority.  He  professed  the  poli 
tical  principles  of  the  Democratic  party, 
being  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  war, 
and  of  President  Madison's  administra 
tion.  In  1814  he  was  again  elected  to 
Congress  by  a  unanimous  vote,  a  cir 
cumstance  of  rare  occurrence,  and  re 
mained  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  until  1816,  when  the  Le 
gislature  of  Ohio  having  elected  him  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  he  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress 
at  the  close  of  the  session.  He  remained 
six  years  upon  the  Supreme  Bench  of 
Ohio.  In  1822  he  was  appointed  Com 
missioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  by 
President  Monroe ;  and  in  1823  he  be 
came  Postmaster-General.  In  the  year 
1829  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Jackson  a  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  after  he  had  refused  the 
otfer  of  the  War  and  Navy  Departments. 
He  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  at  the  January  Term  of  1830,  and 
died  at  Cincinnati,  April  4,  1861. 

McLean,  e/o/m.— He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
during  the  years  1818  and  1819;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1824  to  1825,  and  again  from  1829 
to  1830,  having  died  on  the  4th  of 
October  of  the  latter  year. 

McLean,  William. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Morris  County,  New  Jersey ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1823  to  1829,  and  died  at  Cincin 


nati,  October  12, 1839.  He  was  a  brother 
of  Judge  McLean,  and  when  in  Con 
gress  was  mainly  instrumental  in  pro 
curing  an  appropriation  of  half  a  mil 
lion  of  acres  of  land  for  the  extension 
of  the  Ohio  Canal  from  Cincinnati  to 
Cleveland.  After  his  service  in  Con 
gress  he  was  engaged  in  business  in  Cin 
cinnati. 

McLene,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 
in  1767,  and  died  in  Washington  City, 
March  19,  1837.  He  was  for  twenty- 
one  years  Secretary  of  State  for  Ohio, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

McManus,    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Rensselaer  County,  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1825  to  1827. 

McMiillen,    Fayette.  —  He    was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1855,  and  in  May,  1857,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Buchanan  Go 
vernor  of  the  Territory  of  Washington. 

McNair?  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1800,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1855.  Died  at  Evansport, 
Prince  William  County,  Virginia,  in 
August,  1861. 

McNiel,  Archibald.  —  Born  in 
Cumberland  County,  North  Carolina ; 
entered  the  House  of  Commons  in  1808; 
re-elected  in  1809 ;  served  in  the  State 
Senate  in  1811  and  1815,  arid  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to 
1823,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 

McPherson,  Edward. — Born  in 
Gettysburg,  Adams  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  July  31,  1830;  graduated  at 
Pennsylvania  College  in  1848  ;  devoted 
some  attention  to  the  printing  business, 
and  edited  a  paper  at  Harrisburg  in 
1851,  and  for  several  years  afterwards. 
On  account  of  his  health  he  subse 
quently  turned  his  attention  to  agricul 
tural  pursuits  ;  and  in  1858  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Pennsylvania, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds.  He  has  delivered  many  public 
addresses  on  literary  and  other  topics, 
and  is  the  author  of  several  letters 
touching  the  internal  affairs  of  his  na- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


255 


live  State,  which  have  exerted  a  wide 
influence  for  good.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Li 
brary,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Military  Affairs  ;  and  in  1863  he 
was  appointed  Deputy  Commissioner  of 
the  Revenue  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment  ;  and  on  the  meeting  of  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  he  was  elected  Clerk 
of  the  House  of  Representatives.  During 
his  last  term  in  Congress  he  was  a  Re 
gent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

McQueen,  John. — He  was  horn  in. 
Robinson  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1808.  He  claims  descent  in  a  direct  line 
from  the  heroic  Robert  Bruce  of  Scot 
land,  and  his  father,  James  McQueen, 
was  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Flora 
MacDonald.  He  received  a  good  edu 
cation  under  the  guidance  of  an  elder 
brother,  Rev.  A.  McQueen,  who  was  a 
graduate  of  the  Chapel  Hill  University, 
North  Carolina.  He  commenced  the 
studv  of  law  in  his  native  Stater  and 
completed  his  course  of  study  in  South 
Carolina, *to  which  he  removed  at  an 
early  day.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1828,  and  having  settled  in  Marlbo- 
rough  District,  he  there  commenced, 
and  has  ever  since,  as  his  public  calls 
have  permitted,  continued  the  practice 
of  his  profession  with  success.  During 
the  Nullification  times  of  1833,  he  was 
elected  a  Colonel  of  the  State  militia, 
in  1834  a  Brigadier-General,  and  in 
1835  a  Major-General,  which  last  posi 
tion  he  held  for  ten  years,  and  then  re 
signed.  He  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  in  1849,  and  has  con 
tinued  a  member  down  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  leading 
committees.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress.  Resigned  in  Decem 
ber,  1860. 

DfcRae,  John  J. — He  was  born  in 
Wayne  County,  Mississippi ;  received  a 
good  education ;  adopted  the  profession, 
of  law ;  was  elected  frequently  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  during  two  ses 
sions  officiated  as  Speaker ;  was  also 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  ;  was  Gover- 
nor  of  Mississippi,  fro-m  1844  to  1848  ; 
was,  by  appointment,  for  a  short  time 
in  the  United  States  Senate ;  and  was 
elected  to  the  second  session  of  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  as 
the  successor  to  General  Quitman  ;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirtv-sixth  Con 


gress,  serving  on  the'Committee  on  Mi 
litary  Affairs.  Joined  the  Great  Rebel 
lion  in  1861. 

McReady,  James. — He  was  a  Re- 

gresentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
arolina,  from  1819  to  1821. 

McRoberts,  Samuel.  —  He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  from 
1841  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  March  27,  1843,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  aged  about  forty  years. 

McSherry,  James. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania  ; 
served  twenty  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  that  State  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  reform 
the  Constitution  of  the  same  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  at 
Littlestown,  Pennsylvania,  February  3, 
1849. 

Me  Vean,  Charles. — He  was  born 
a*t  Johnstown.,  New  York,  in  1802,  and 
died  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Decem 
ber  20,  1848.  He  was  bred  to  the  law. 
which  he  practised  with  success  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  until  he  removed  to 
New  York.  He  held  the  office  of  Sur 
rogate  ;  served  as  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1835;  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  District  Attorney 
for  Southern  New  York. 

Me  Willie,  William.— He  was  born 
in  Kershaw  District,  South  Carolina. 
November  17,  1795 ;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1817 ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  came  to  the  bar 
in  1818 ;  was  an  Adjutant  of  militia ; 
was  a  Representative  and  Senator  in  the 
Legislature  of  South  Carolina  ;  and,  on 
removing  to  Mississippi,  in  1845,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State, 'from  1849  to  1851.  He 
was  also  President  of  a  bank  for  several 
years  -t  and  elected  Governor  of  the  State 
in  1858. 

Meacham,  James. — Born  in  Rut 
land,  Vermont,  in  1810 ;  graduated  at 
Middlebury  College  in  1822  ;  was  tutor 
there ;  studied  theology ;  was  settled  in 
New  Haven?  Vermont ;  was  called  from 
his  parish  to  the  Professorship  of  Elo 
cution  and  English  Literature  in  Mid 
dlebury  College,  when,  in  1849,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  twice  re-elected.  At  the  time  of 


256 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


his  death,  August*  22,  1856,  he  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  and  a  Kegent  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Mead,  Cowles.—Kz  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  in  1805,  but  his  election  was  suc 
cessfully  contested  by  Thomas  Spalding; 
and  in  1806  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  Secretary  of  Mississippi 
Territory. 

Meade,   Richard   K. —  He    was 

born  in  Virginia;  received  a  liberal 
education  ;  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1847  to  1853  ; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  in 
1853,  Charge  d 'Affaires  to  Sardinia; 
and  in  1857  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Minister  to  Brazil,  which 
mission  he  held  until  1861. 

Mebane,  Alexander.  —  Born  in 
Hawfields,  Orange  County,  North  Caro 
lina,  November  26,  1767,  and  died  July 
5,  1795.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention,  in  1776,  that  met  to  form  the 
State  Constitution  ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature ;  and  was  in 
Congress  during  the  years  1793  and 
1 794.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  sense, 
integrity,  and  firmness. 

Medill,  William. — He  was  born  in 
New  Castle  County,  Delaware;  receiv 
ed  an  academical  education  ;  he  studied 
law,  and  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  State  in  1832  ; 
he  was  soon  after  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  serving  a  number  of  years, 
and  was  twice  elected  Speaker ;  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1843 ;  by 
President  Polk,  he  was.  appointed  First 
Assistant  Postmaster-General,  and  sub 
sequently  held  the  office  of  Commissioner 
of  Indian  Affairs ;  in  1850  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  called  to  re 
vise  the  State  Constitution,  and  chosen 
Chairman ;  in  1851  and  1852  he  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio ; 
in  1853  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio  ; 
and,  by  President  Buchanan,  was  ap 
pointed  First  Comptroller  of  the  United 
States  Treasury. 

Meech9   Ezra.  —  He  was  born   in 

New  London,  Connecticut,  July  26, 
1773;  was  associated  in  early  life  with 


John  Jacob  Astor  in  the  fur  trade ;  in 
1806  became  agent  of  the  Northwest 
Fur  Company ;  and  in  1809  was  agent 
for  supplying  the  British  Government 
with  spars  and  timber.  Having  settled 
in  Vermont,  he  was,  in  1822  and  1823, 
elected  Chief  Justice  of  Chittenden 
County;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Conventions  of  1822  and 
1826.  He  was  elected,  in  1805  and  1807, 
to  the.  State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1825  to  1827.  During  the  latter  years 
of  his  life  he  was  devoted  to  agricul 
tural  pursuits,  and  owned  one  farm, 
kept  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
which  contained  three  thousand  acres, 
and  upon  which  have  been  seen  a  flock 
of  three  thousand  sheep  and  a  herd  of 
eight  hundred  oxen.  He  was  remark 
able  for  his  intelligence  and  hospitality, 
and  not  less  so  for  his  personal  appear 
ance,  as  he  measured  six  feet  five  inches 
in  height,  and  weighed  three  hundred 
and  seventy  pounds  ;  and,  strange  as  it 
may  seem,  he  was  one  of  the^  most  ex 
pert  trout  fishers  in  the  county.  He 
died  at  Shelburne,  Vermont,  September 
23,  1856. 

Meiffs,  Henry. — Born  in  New  Ha 
ven,  Connecticut,  October  28,  1782; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1798;  edu 
cated  a  lawyer,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York  City,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  for 
many  years  past  has  been  an  active 
officer,  Recording  Secretary,  and  Trus 
tee  of  the  American  Institute  in  New 
York.  It  was  said  of  him,  as  some 
thing  remarkable,  that  he  never  wore 
an  overcoat,  never  had  a  sore  throat  or 
headache,  and,  when  seventy  years  of 
age,  did  not  use  glasses.  Died  in  New 
York,  May  20,  1861. 

Meiffs,  Return  J. — Was  a  native 
of  Middletown,  Connecticut;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1785,  and  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession.  He  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State ;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1808  to  1810 ;  and  was 
Governor  of  the  State,  from  1810  to 
1814.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster- 
General  of  the  United  States  in  1814, 
and  held  the  office  nine  years.  He  died 
at  Marietta,  March  29,  1825. 

Mellen,  Prentiss.—Born  in  Ster- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


257 


ling,  Massachusetts,  October  11,1764; 
graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1784;  stu 
died  law,  and  settled  at  Bridgewater  ; 
in  1792  he  became  a  citizen  of  Bidde- 
ford,  Maine,  and  in  1806  settled  at  Port 
land.  In  1817  he  was  chosen  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts ;  and 
on  the  separation  of  Maine,  in  1820,  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  was 
elected  the  first  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Maine.  He  occupied  a 
high  position  as  a  lawyer  and  jurist ; 
and  in  1834,  after  becoming  disqualified 
by  age  to  serve  as  judge,  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  law.  His  decisions  may 
be  found  in  the  first  eleven  volumes  of 
the  Maine  Reports.  He  was  also  a  Trus 
tee  of  Bowdoin  College,  from  1817  to 
1836 ;  and  in  1828  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  that  institution.  He 
died  at  Portland,  December  31,  1840. 

Menifee,  Richard  H.— He  was 

a  member  of  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  died  at  Frank 
fort,  February  21,  1841. 

Menzies,  John  W.— Was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Kentucky,  April  12, 
1819;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Virginia  in  1840;  studied  law  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1841,  establishing  himself 
in  Covington,  Kentucky,  where  he  has 
ever  since  practised  his  profession.  In 
1848  and  1855  he  was  elected  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  Kentucky ;  and 
in  1861  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Elections,  and  Unfinished  Business. 
He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1864. 

Mercer,  Charles  Fenton. — Born 
in  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  June  6, 
1778;  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1797. 
In  1798,  while  a  student  of  law,  he  ten 
dered  his  services  to  General  Wash 
ington  for  the  defence  of  the  country 
against  a  threatened  invasion  by  the 
French,  and  received  from  him  a  com 
mission  as  first  Lieutenant  of  cavalry, 
and  soon  after  that  of  Captain,  which 
he  declined,  not  intending  to  devote  his 
life  to  the  military  profession.  In  1803, 
after  spending  a  year  in  Europe,  he  re 
turned  and  practised  law.  From  1810 
to  1817  he  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Virginia.  In  1811  he  was 
again  called  to  military  duty  by  the 
General  Government ;  and  in  1813  was 


appointed  aid  to  the  Governor,  and  rose 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  of 
militia,  having  command  of  the  forces 
at  Norfolk.  In  1816,  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Finance,  in  the  Le 
gislature,  he  devoted  his  time  to  the 
promotion  of  internal  improvements, 
and  was  chief  supporter  of  the  measure 
for  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal, 
and  was  appointed  President  of  the 
Canal  Company.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1817  to  1840.  In  1853 
he  visited  Europe  from  philanthropic 
motives,  at  his  own  expense,  and  used 
his  efforts  for  the  entire  abolition  of  the 
African  slave  trade,  conferring  with 
the  chief  executive  officers  of  most  of 
the  kingdoms  of  Europe  on  the  subject. 
He  died  at  Howard,  near  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  May  4,  1858. 

Mercer,  John  F. — He  was  a  sol 
dier  of  the  Revolution  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  old  Congress,  in  1782 ;  was  a 
member,  from  Maryland,  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Federal  Con 
stitution  ;  a  Representative  in  the  new 
Congress,  from  1792  to  1794;  Governor 
of  Maryland,  from  1801  to  1803  ;  also 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  a.nd  died  at  Philadelphia,  Au 
gust  30,  1821,  in  the  sixty-fourth  year 
of  his  age. 

Meriwether,  David. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1802  to  1807  ;  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  in  1804, 
a  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek 
Indians. 

Meriwether,  David. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
by  appointment,  for  one  session,  in  1852, 
and  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
May  6,  1853,  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  New  Mexico. 

Meriwether,  I.  A. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843. 

MeriwetJier,    James.  —  He    was 

born  in  Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Merrick,  William  D.— He  filled 
several  prominent  positions  in  the  State 
of  Maryland,  and  served  in  the  United 


258 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


States  Senate,  from  1838  to  1845.  He 
died  in  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  February  5,  1857,  at  an  advanced 
age. 

Merrill,  Orsamus  €.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1817  to  1819;  and  also  held 
the  positions  in  that  State  of  County 
Attorney  for  two  years ;  State  Coun 
cillor  for  four  years  ;  State  Senator  for 
one  year ;  Register  of  Probate  for  two 
years;  and  Judge  of  Probate  for  six 
years. 

Mervin,  Orange. — He  was  born 
in  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Metcalf,  Arunah. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1811  to 
1813,  and  subsequently  served  four 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York, 
from  Otsego  County. 

Metcalf,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  March 
20,  1780.  When  he  was  quitep  young, 
his  parents  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and 
settled  in  Fayette,  where  his  education 
was  restricted  to  the  advantages  of  a 
few  months'  attendance  at  a  country 
school.  He  worked  at  the  trade  of  a 
mason,  but  employed  his  leisure  hours 
in  study,  and  soon  developed  remarka 
ble  intellectual  abilities.  In  1809  he 
first  appeared  as  a  public  speaker,  in 
defence  of  his  country  against  British 
oppression  ;  served  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  in  1813  commanded  a  company  of 
infantry  at  the  battle  of  Fort  Meigs, 
and  greatly  distinguished  himself  for 
his  bravery.  He  was  subsequently  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature 
for  several  years,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1819  to  1829, 
when  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  which  office  he  held  until  1833. 
In  1834  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  in  1840  was  chosen  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Improve 
ment.  In  1848  he  was  appointed  to  fill 
the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Crittenden, 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  after 
which  he  retired  to  his  farm,  between 
Maysville  and  Lexington.  He  boasted 
of  his  service  as  a  stone-mason,  and 
delighted  in  being  called  the  "Old 


Stone  Hammer."  He  died  in  Nicholas 
County,  Kentucky,  August  18,  1855. 

Middleswarth,    Ner.  —  He    was 

born  in  New  Jersey,  and  on  removing 
to  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Middleton,  George. — Was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  October  14, 1811  ;  came 
of  the  old  stock  of  the  Society  of  Friends ; 
received  a  common  school  education ; 
while  yet  a  boy  removed  with  his  father 
to  New  Jersey,  and  settled  in  Burling 
ton  ;  was  engaged  for  many  years  in 
the  business  of  tanning ;  was  twice 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New  Jer 
sey  ;  has  been  noted  in  his  district  as  a 
local  peace- maker  among  his  neighbors  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  Jersey,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture,  and  on  the  Expenditures 
in  the  Interior  Department. 

Middleton,  Henry. — A  native  of 
South  Carolina ;  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1801  ;  then  State  Senator  until  elected 
Governor  in  1810.  From  1815  to  1819 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  in  1820  was  appointed,  by  President 
Monroe,  Minister  to  Russia,  which  posi 
tion  he  filled  for  many  years.  He  died 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  June 
14,  1846. 

Miles,  W.  Porcher. —  Born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  July, 
1822  ;  prepared  for  college  at  the  "  Wel 
lington  School,"  and  graduated  at  the 
Charleston  College  ;  studied  law  ;  was 
for  several  years  Assistant  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  Charleston  College  ;  he 
was  Mayor  of  Charleston  in  1856  and 
1857,  and  inaugurated  the  present  police 
system  of  that  city,  and  also  the  present 
system  of  tidal  drains  for  the  same ;  and 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
South  Carolina,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth. 
Mr.  Miles  has  been  a  frequent  contribu 
tor  to  the  "Southern  Quarterly  Re 
view,"  and  has  delivered  a  number  of 
literary  and  patriotic  addresses.  It 
ought  to  be  mentioned,  that  when  the 
yellow  fever  was  raging  in  Norfolk  in 
1855,  Mr.  Miles  visited  that  city  as  a 
humanitarian,  and  for  that  conduct  was 
rewarded  with  the  office  of  Mayor  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


259 


Charleston.  His  Committees  have  been 
those  of  Commerce,  and  Foreign  Af 
fairs.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress.  Was  elected  a  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  Seceding  Conven 
tion  in  1860,  and  resigned  his  seat  in 
Congress.  Served  as  a  Colonel  in  the 
Rebellion,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Con 
federate  Congress. 

Milledge,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Savannah,  Georgia,  and  descended  from 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  colony. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture,  and  in  1780  he  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  the  State,  and  Gover 
nor  in  1802.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1792  to  1802,  except 
ing  one  term,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1806  to  1809,  serv 
ing  for  a  session  as  President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate.  He  was  the  principal 
founder  of  the  University  of  Georgia, 
and  presented  the  land  which  forms  its 
site.  He  died  at  his  country-seat,  at 
the  Sand  Hills,  February  9,  1818.  His 
memory  was  honored  by  an  Act  of  the 
Legislature,  calling  the  capital  of  the 
State  Milledgeville. 

Millen,  John.—Ke  was  born  in 
1804  ;  educated  a  lawyer  ;  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  Georgia ;  and  died  near 
Savannah,  October  15,  1843,  about  ten 
days  after  his  election  to  a  seat  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives. 

Miller,  Daniel  F.— Born  in  Alle- 
ghaiiy  County,  Maryland,  October  4, 
1814 ;  studied  law  in  Pittsburg,  and 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1838 ;  emigrated 
to  Iowa  in  1839 ;  and  during  the  fol 
lowing  year  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  Territory.  In  1848  he 
was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Congress, 
but  his  seat  having  been  contested,  a 
new  election  took  place  in  1850,  when 
he  was  elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1851.  In  1856,  he  was  a  Presidential 
Elector,  since  which  time  he  has  resided 
in  Fort  Madison. 

Miller,  Daniel  H.— He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1823  to  1831.  Died 
many  years  ago. 

Miller,  Jacob  W. — Born  in  Morris 
County,  New  Jersey ;  bred  a  lawyer  ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 


New  Jersey,  from  1841  to  1847 ;  and 
having  been  re-elected,  served  until 
1853.  Died  at  Morristown,  New  Jersey, 
September  30,  1862. 

Miller,  Jesse. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1836  to  1837,  and  died  at 
Harrisburg,  August  20,  1850.  By  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  he  was  appointed  First 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

Miller,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1825  to  1827,  having  pre 
viously,  as  well  as  subsequently,  served 
both  in  the  Assembly  and  Senate  of 
New  York  for  a  number  of  years. 

Miller,  John.  —  He  was  distin 
guished  for  his  courage  as  an  officer,  in 
the  last  war  with  England ;  soon  after 
the  struggle,  he  was  appointed  Register 
of  the  Land-office  in  Missouri ;  subse 
quently  elected  Governor  of  the  State  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1843.  Died  near 
Florissant,  Missouri,  March  18,  1846. 

Miller,  John  G. — Born  in  Ken 
tucky,  and  in  1835  emigrated  to  Mis 
souri.  In  1840  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  from  1853  to  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Missouri.  Died  in  Sa 
line  County,  Missouri,  May  11,  1856, 
aged  forty-four. 

Miller,  John  K.—Ke  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

Miller,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Unfinished  Business,  and  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Navy  Department. 

Miller,  Killian.—Korii  in  Clave- 
rack,  Columbia  County,  New  York, 
July  30, 1785  ;  received  a  good  common 
school  education,  with  instruction  in  the 
Latin  and  Greek  languages.  He  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1806  ;  from  that  time  continued  to 
pursue  his  profession,  removing  from 
Livingston  to  Hudson  City  in  1833.  In 
1824  and  in  1827  he  was  a  member  of 


260 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  General  Assembly,  and  in  1837  was 
elected  County  Clerk,  which  office  he 
held  for  three*  years.  In  1854  he  was 
chosen  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Miller,  Morris  S. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815 ;  and  in  1819 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  super 
intend  a  treaty  with  the  Seneca  Indians. 
He  was  also  Judge  of  a  County  Court, 
and  died  at  Utica,  November  15,  1824, 
aged  forty-five  years. 

Miller,  Pleasant  M. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1809  to  1811. 

Miller,  Rutger  J5. — Born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  in  the  Twenty-fourth  Con 
gress,  in  the  place  of  S.  Beardsley,  re 
signed. 

Miller,  Samuel  F. — He  was  born 
in  Franklin,  Delaware  County,  New 
York,  May  27,  1827 ;  graduated  at  Ha 
milton  College  in  1852  ;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1853,  but  in 
stead  of  practising  the  profession  turned 
his  attention  to  farming  and  lumbering. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
Legislature  ;  in  1850  and  1857  he  was 
Supervisor  of  Franklin  ;  was  for  fifteen 
years  identified  as  a  Colonel  with  the 
State  militia  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Miller,  Smith. — He  is  a  native  of 
North  Carolina,  but  when  a  youth  re 
moved  with  his  father  to  Indiana.  His 
school  education  was  limited,  and  he 
engaged  in  farming  as  an  occupation. 
He  was  a  member  of  both  branches  of 
the  Legislature  of  Indiana,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

Miller,  Stephen  D. — He  was  born 
in  the  Waxsaw  Settlement,  South  Caro 
lina,  in  May,  1787;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1808  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law  ;  came  to  the  bar 
in  1812;  served  in  the  South  Carolina 
Senate  in  1822 ;  represented  his  native 
State  in  the  Lower  House  of  Congress 
from  1819  to  1820;  was  Governor  of 
South  Carolina  from  1828  to  1830 ;  and 


elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
term  from  1831  to  1837,  but  resigned  on 
account  of  his  health  at  the  end  of  two 
years.  He  died  at  Raymond,  Missis 
sippi,  March  8,  1838,  having  removed 
to  that  State  in  1835,  where  he  was  an 
extensive  planter. 

Miller,  William  H.  —  Born  in 
Perry  County,  Pennsylvania,  January 
29, 1828 ;  graduated  at  Marshall  College, 
Franklin,  Pennsylvania ;  in  1854  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  his  native  State,  which  office  he  held 
until  1863  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on'  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  His 
father,  Jesse  Miller,  was  also  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress. 

Miller,  William  S.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847,  and  a  man  of 
high  cultivation.  He  died  in  N  ew  York 
City,  November  9,  1854. 

Milligan,  John  J. — Born  in  Cecil 
County,  Maryland,  December  10,  1795  ; 
after  receiving  an  academical  education, 
he  entered  Princeton  College,  and  re 
mained  three  years ;  he  then  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
New  Castle  County,  Delaware,  in  1818, 
and  pursued  his  profession  for  several 
years,  but  subsequently  retired  to  a 
country-seat  near  Wilmington.  In  1830 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  Congress,  and 
served  from  1831  to  1839.  In  1839  he 
was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  State  of 
Delaware,  and  has  continued  in  this 
position  ever  since. 

Mills,  Elijah  H.— Born  in  1778; 
graduated  at  Williams  College  in  1797  ; 
studied  law ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1815 
to  1819,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1820  to  1827.  He  died  at  Northampton, 
May  5,  1829. 

Millson,  John  S. — Born  in  Nor 
folk,  Virginia,  October  1,  1808,  and 
commenced  the  study  of  law  before  the 
age  of  sixteen  ;  he  held  no  public  office 
until  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Virginia,  in  the  Thirty-first  Congress, 
which  position  he  has  filled,  by  re-elec 
tions,  to  the  present  time,  1860,  serving 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


261 


as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  and  Ways  and  Means. 

MilUvard,  John. — Born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents. 

Millward,    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Milnor,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  June  20, 1773 ;  he  received 
his  education  at  a  grammar  school  and 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
subsequently  studied  law.  In  1794  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  From  1811  to  1813  he  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  in 
Congress.  In  1811  he  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  G-eneral  Convention  of 
the  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  1814  was 
ordained  a  clergyman  by  Bishop  White, 
and  in  1816  was  called  to  the  rectorship 
of  St.  George's  Church,  in  New  York. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New 
York  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution,  and 
after  spending  the  evening  in  company 
with  its  directors,  in  apparent  good 
health,  died  suddenly,  April  8,  1845. 

Milnor,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1807  to  1811,  from  1815  to  1817, 
and  again  from  1821  to  1822. 

Miner,  Aliiman,  L. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont;  was  Clerk  of  the  Vermont 
House  of  Representatives,  in  1836  and 
1837;  a  State  Representative,  in  1838, 
1839,  and  1846  ;  a  State  Senator  in  1840  ; 
County  Attorney  for  two  years ;  Regis 
ter  of  Probate  for  seven  years  ;  Judge  of 
Probate,  from  1846  to  1849 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Miner,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
Norwich,  Connecticut,  about  the  year 
1800 ;  when  a  boy,  removed  with  his 
father  to  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania, 
and  subsequently  settled  in  West  Ches 
ter,  and  for  many  years  published  the 
"Village  Record,"  in  that  place,  which 
attained  a  high  position.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 


vania,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  declined 
a  re-election  on  account  of  deafness.  He 
is  the  author  of  an  interesting  work,  en 
titled  "  History  of  Wyoming." 

Miner,  fhineas. — He  was  an  emi 
nent  lawyer,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Connecticut,  during  the 
years  1834  and  1835,  for  an  unexpired 
term.  He  died  at  Litchfield,  in  that  State, 
September  16,  1839,  aged  sixty  years. 

Mitchell,  Anderson.  —  Born  in 
Caswell  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
180D.  He  graduated  at  the  University 
of  that  State  in  1821 ;  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  Wilkes  County  in  1840,  when 
he  was  immediately  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature.  He  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  in  1842  and  1843,  and  since  that 
time  has  devoted  all  his  attention  to  his 
profession. 

Mitchell,   Charles  F.  —  He   was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1841. 

MitcJiell,  George  E. — He  was  born 
in  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1823  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1832.  He  died  in  Washington, 
June  28,  1832. 

Mitchell,  Henry. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Mitchell,  James  C. — He  was  born 
in  Mecklenburg  County,  North  Caro 
lina,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Mitchell,  James  S. — He  was  born 
in  York  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Mitchell,  John.— He  was  born  in 
Perry  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1829.  He 
died  at  Beaver,  Pennsylvania,  in  Au 
gust,  1849. 

Mitchell,  N^aJium. — Born  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Massachusetts,  February 
12,  1769;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1789 ;  taught  school,  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 


262 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1792.  From  1811  to  1821  be  was  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
and  afterwards  Chief  Justice.  From 
1798  to  1812  he  was  a  Representative  in 
the  General  Court ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1805.  In 
1813  and  1814  he  was  State  Senator; 
and  from  1814  to  1820  he  was  one  of  the 
Governor's  Council ;  and  from  1822  to 
1827  he  was  Treasurer  of  the  State.  In 
1840  he  published  a  History  of  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society ; 
and  published  a  volume  of  sacred  music, 
entitled  the  "  Bridge  water  Collection." 
He  fell  and  died  suddenly  in  one  of  the 
streets  of  Plymouth,  August  1,  1853, 
while  attending  the  first  celebration  of 
the  embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Delft 
Haven. 

Mitchell.  Stephen  M. — He   was 

born  at  Wetnersfield,  Connecticut,  De 
cember  27, 1743 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1763  ;  was  chosen  a  tutor  in  the 
College  in  1766,  in  which  station  he  con 
tinued  three  years  ;  he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law  in  1772  ;  was  appointed 
in  1779  a  Judge  of  the  Hartford  County 
Court,  and  in  1790  placed  at  the  head  of 
that  Court;  in  1795  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Connec 
ticut,  and  in  18<)7  Chief  Justice  of  that 
Court,  which  office  he  held  until  1814, 
when  he  became  disqualified  by  age. 
He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  old  Congress, 
in  1783  and  1785;  and  in  1793  he  was 
appointed  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
which  position  he  held  until  1795,  when 
he  was  made  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court.  It  was  to  his  services,  while  in 
Congress,  that  Connecticut  was  greatly 
indebted  for  the  establishment  of  her 
title  to  the  tract  of  land  in  Ohio  called 
the  "Western  Reserve."  He  died  in 
the  place  of  his  birth,  September  30, 
1835.  In  him  were  combined  the  dig 
nity  of  the  Christian,  the  purity  of  the 
patriot,  and  the  virtues  of  the  faithful 
public  servant  and  useful  citizen. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R. — Born  in 
Georgetown,  South  Carolina;  he  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1802  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1821  to  1823,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831  to 
1833  ;  he  died  in  1837. 

Mitchell.  William.— He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  elected  a  Represen 


tative  from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Mitchill,  Robert. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1833  to  1835, 
from  Ohio. 

Mitchill,   Samuel  Latham.— 

Born  on  Long  Island  in  1763,  and  was 
well  educated ;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  he  went  to  Edinburgh,  and  there 
studied  medicine  and  natural  history. 
On  his  return  he  was  appointed  Pro 
fessor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History 
in  Columbia  College ;  and  his  practice 
as  a  physician  was  extensive  ;  he  edited, 
with  Dr.  Smith,  fourteen  volumes  of 
the  "Medical  Repository;"  he  also 
published  a  Life  of  Tammany,  the  In 
dian  chief,  and  other  useful  works,  his 
torical  and  scientific.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1801  to  1804,  and  again  from  1810 
to  1813  ;  and  a  Senator,  from  1804  to 
1809.  He  died  in  New  York,  Septem 
ber  8,  1831. 

Moffit.  Hosea. — He  was  born  in 
New  York ;  served  six  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  that  State ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1813  to 
1817. 

Molony,    Richard   S. — He    was 

born  in  New  Hampshire,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Monell?  Robert. — He  was  a  native 
of  Columbia  County,  New  York,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1831. 

Monroe.  James. — Born  April  28, 
1758,  in  Westmoreland  County,  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  educated  at  William 
and  Mary  College.  In  1776  he  joined 
the  army  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
continued  with  it  till  1778,  having  dis 
played  great  bravery,  when  he  retired 
and  engaged  in  the  study  of  law.  In 
1780  he  held  the  office  of  Military  Com 
missioner  for  Virginia,  and  in  that  ca 
pacity  visited  the  Southern  army.  In 
1782  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Assembly  ;  and  in  1783  a  Delegate  to 
Congress.  In  1788  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention,  in  Virginia,  to  delibe- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


263 


rate  on  the  proposed  Constitution  for  the 
United  States.  In  1790  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
Virginia.  In  1794  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  France,  and  was  recalled  in  1797. 
In  1799  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
Virginia.  In  1802  he  was  sent  on  a 
special  mission  to  France,  which  re 
sulted  in  the  purchase  of  Louisiana.  In 
1803  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Eng 
land  ;  and  in  1805  he  was  associated 
with  Charles  Pinckney  to  negotiate  with 
Spain.  During  his  residence  in  Eng 
land,  he  and  Mr.  William  Pinckney  ne 
gotiated  a  commercial  treaty  with  Great 
Britain,  but  it  was  never  submitted  to 
the  Senate  by  President  Jefferson.  He 
returned  to  America  in  1808.  In  1811 
he  was  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  the 
same  year  received,  from  President 
Madison,  the  appointment  of  Secretary 
of  State,  wThich  office  he  held  till  his 
election  as  President,  March  4,  1817. 
During  a  part  of  the  time,  in  1814  and 
1815,  he  also  performed  the  duties  of 
Secretary  of  War.  He  was  again  elected 
President  in  1821.  He  died  July  4, 
1831. 

Monroe,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  having  removed  to  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  serving  from 
1839  to  1841  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  of  New  York  in  1850  and 
1852,  and  a  State  Senator  during  the 
three  subsequent  years. 

Montanya,  J.  L.  D. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  served  two  years  in  the 
Assembly  of  that  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1839  to  1841. 

Montgomery,  Daniel. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1807  to  1809. 

Montgomery,  John. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Montgomery,  John  G. — He  was 

elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat,  of  the  mysterious 
.National  Hotel  disease,  at  Danville, 
Pennsylvania,  April  24, 1857,  aged  fifty- 
two  years.  He  was  an  excellent  law 
yer,  of  great  experience  and  learning, 


and  a  brilliant  career  was  anticipated 
for  him  in  the  arena  of  national  poli 
tics. 

Montgomery ,  Thomas. — He  was 

born  in  Nelson  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1813  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1821  to  1823.  Died  April  2, 1828. 

Montgomery,  William. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1793  to  1795. 

Montgomery,   William.  —  Born 

in  Guilford  County,  North  Carolina, 
and  was  educated  for  the  medical  pro 
fession.  He  was  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  in  1824,  where  he  served, 
with  but  one  intermission,  until  1834, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  and  continued  in  that  po 
sition  until  1841.  He  died  November 
27,  1844,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

Mon tgomery,  William.  —  Born 
in  Canton  Township,  Pennsylvania, 
April  11,  1819  ;  graduated  at  Washing 
ton  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1839 ;  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842,  and  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  in  1856,  serv 
ing  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Roads  and  Canals. 

Moor,  Wyman  U.  S. — Born  in 
Waterville,  Maine,  November  3,  1814 ; 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  ;  stu 
died  law  at  Cambridge,  and  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1834 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature,  in  1839  ;  was  Attor 
ney-General  of  that  State,  from  1844  to 
1848  ;  and  by  appointment,  succeeded 
John  Fairfield,  as  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  during  the  session  of  1848 
and  1849.  He  subsequently  devoted 
much  attention  to  the  railroad  interests 
of  his  State,  and  in  1857  was  appointed 
by  President  Buchanan,  Consul-Gene- 
ral  for  the  British  American  Provinces. 

Moore,  Andrew. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1789  to  1797,  and  again  from  1803 
to  1804 ;  when  he  was  chosen  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  served  until 
1809.  Died  in  May,  1821. 


264 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Moore,  Eli. — He  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  and  educated  as  a  printer  ;  was 
a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1835  to  1839;  was  appointed 
Marshal  of  New  York  by  President 
Polk  ;  subsequently  edited  a  newspaper 
in  New  Jersey ;  was  appointed  Indian 
Agent  in  Kansas  Territory  ;  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1859,  was  Kegister 
of  a  Land,  office  in  Kansas. 

Moore,  Gabriel. — He  was  born  in 
Stokes  County,  North  Carolina,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  from  1822  to  1829;  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1831  to  1837 ;  and  died 
at  Caddo,  Texas,  in  1844. 

Moore,  Henry  D. — He  was  born 
in  Goshen,  Orange  County,  New  York, 
April  17,  1817;  received  his  education 
at  one  of  the  public  schools  of  New  York 
City  ;  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  ac 
quired  a  knowledge  of  the  tailoring  busi 
ness,  which  he  followed  until  1843;  in 
that  year  he  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  became  interested  in  the  marble 
business;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1849  to  1858. 

Moore,  Heman  A. — He  was  born 
in  Vermont,  in  1810,  studied  law  in  Ro 
chester,  New  York,  and  removing  to 
Columbus,  Ohio,  obtained  distinction  as 
a  lawyer,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Columbus,  April  3,  1844. 

Moore,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Moore,  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Moore,  Laban  T.— Born  in  Cabell 
County,  Virginia,  January  13,  1829 ; 
received  a  limited  education  ;  removed 
to  Kentucky  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures. 

Moore,  Nicholas  It.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1803  to  1811,  and  again  from 


1813   to   1816.     Died  at   Baltimore,  in 
1816. 

Moore,  Oscar  F. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Moore,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Moore,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Cumberland  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1819  to  1822. 

Moore,  S.  McD. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1835. 

Moore,  Sydenham.  —  Born  in 
Rutherford  County,  Tennessee,  but  re 
moved  to  Alabama  with  his  parents, 
soon  after  its  admission  as  a  State  ;  he 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Ala 
bama  ;  was  bred  to  the  profession  of  the 
law  ;  was  Judge  of  the  County  Court  of 
Greene  County,  Alabama,  for  six  years, 
and  for  a  short  time  also  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  that  State ;  resigned  his  judge- 
ship,  and  went  to  Mexico  as  Captain  of  a 
volunteer  company,  and  served  one  year, 
a  portion  of  the  time  in  General  Tay 
lor's  line,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  also 
in  General  Scott's  line  at  Tampico,  Vera 
Cruz,  Alvarado,  and  Jalapa ;  and,  on 
his  return  home,  was  elected  Brigadier- 
General  of  militia ;  and  was  chosen,  in 
1857,  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  ;  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims.  Took  part  in 
the  Rebellion  as  a  Colonel. 

Moore,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1801  to  1813r  and  again  from 
1815  to  1817. 

Moore,  Thomas  P. — He  was  born 
in  Charlotte  County,  Virginia,  in  1795; 
was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812  ;  naem- 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1823  to  1829,  from 
Kentucky  ;  Minister  to  the  Republic  of 
Colombia  in  1829;  .and  Lieutena»t-Co- 
lonel  in  the  regular  army  during  the 
war  with  Mexico.  His  la&t  public  po 
sition  was  that  of  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  revising  the  Constitution  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


265 


Kentucky.  He  died  in  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky,  July  21,  1853. 

Moore,  Thomas  S. — He  was  born 
in  Jefferson  County  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1820  to  1823. 

Moorhead,  J.  Kennedy. — Born 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  Pennsylva 
nia,  in  1806  ;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion  ;  spent  the  most  of  his  youth  on  a 
farm,  and  as  an  apprentice  to  a  tanner; 
was  one  of  the  contractors  for  building 
the  Susquehanna  branch  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Canal ;  was  the  originator  of  a 
passenger  packet  line  on  said  canal ;  in 
1836  he  removed  to  Pittsburg,  and  there 
took  an  active  part  in  improving  the 
navigation  of  the  Monongahela,  and  was 
made  President  of  a  company  bearing 
that  name,  and  established  in  that  city 
the  Union  Cotton  Factory ;  in  1838  he 
received  the  militia  title  of  Adjutant- 
General,  and  subsequently,  taking  a 
great  interest  in  the  business  of  tele 
graphing,  became  the  President  of  se 
veral  telegraphic  companies.  In  1859 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce  ;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  special  Committee  on 
National  Armories ;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Manu 
factures,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Moorhead,  Charles  S. — He  was 

born  in  Nelson  County,  Kentucky,  in 
1802 ;  he  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and 
after  practising  it  for  a  few  years  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  serving 
during  1828  and  1829  ;  he  was  appointed, 
in  1832,  Attorney-General  of  Kentucky, 
which  office  he  held  five  years;  in  1838, 
1839,  and  1840,  he  was  again  returned 
to  the  Legislature,  officiating  during  the 
latter  year  as  Speaker ;  was  re-elected 
and  made  Speaker  in  1841  ;  was  again 
re-elected  in  1842  and  1844,  and  for  the 
third  time  chosen  Speaker ;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1847  to  1851 ;  in  1853  he 
was  once  more  returned  to  the  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  in  1855  was  elected  Governor 
of  Kentucky.  He  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  devoted  friends  and  sup 
porters  of  Henry  Clay.  In  1861  he  was 


a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Convention  held 
in  Washington. 

Morehead,  I.  T. — A  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Morehead,  James  T.  —  Born  in 
Covington,  Kentucky,  May  24,  1797  ; 
studied  law  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  in  1818.  He  served  three  years  in 
the  State  Legislature  ;  in  1832  he  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  after  the  death  of  Governor 
Breathitt,  in  1834,  became  Governor. 
In  1837  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature;  and  in  1838  he  was  appointed 
President  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Im 
provements,  which  office  he  held  until 
1841,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  the  term  of  six  years. 
He  subsequently  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  and  died  at  Covington, 
Kentucky,  December  28?  1854. 

Morgan,  Christopher.  —  He  was 

born  in  Groton,  Connecticut;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1828 ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1839  to  1843. 

Morgan,  Daniel. — Was  a  native 
of  New  Jersey,  but  removed  in  early 
life  to  Virginia.  Having  neither  the 
advantages  of  wealth  nor  of  a  good  edu 
cation,  he  was  dependent  for  his  support 
on  hard  labor.  In  1755  he  served  as  a 
private  soldier  under  General  Braddock. 
At  the  close  of  the  campaign  he  retired 
to  a  farm  in  Frederick  County.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  Revolution  he 
commanded  a  troop  of  cavalry,  under 
General  Washington,  at  Boston.  He 
was  detached  on  the  expedition  against 
Quebec,  and  when  Arnold  was  wounded 
he  took  command  of  his  division;  but 
the  retreat  of  the  other  division,  after 
the  fall  of  Montgomery,  left  Morgan  to 
contend  with  the  whole  force  of  the 
enemy,  and  he  was  taken  prisoner;  on 
being  exchanged,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  command  of  a  regiment.  He  was 
with  General  Gates  at  the  capture  of 
Burgoyne.  In  1778  he  commanded  a 
corps  on  the  Schuylkill  to  cut  off  sup 
plies  from  the  British  in  Philadelphia. 
He  served  in  the  Southern  campaign, 
under  General  Greene,  and  advanced  to 
the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  receiv 
ing  from  Congress  a  gold  medal,  for  the 
skill  and  bravery  he  displayed  at  the 


18 


266 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


battle  of  Cowpens  in  the  defeat  of  Tarle- 
ton.  In  1794  he  commanded  the  mi 
litia  of  Virginia,  ordered  out  by  Pre 
sident  "Washington,  for  the  purpose  of 
suppressing  the  Whiskey  Insurrection 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1799. 
In  1799  he  published  an  address  to  his 
constituents,  vindicating  the  adminis 
tration  of  Mr.  Adams.  He  died  at  Win 
chester,  Virginia,  in  1802,  aged  sixty- 
nine. 

Morgan,  Edtvin  U. — Born  at  Au 
rora,  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  May 
2,  1806.  He  was  a  merchant  by  occu 
pation,  until  his  election  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  as  Representative ;  and 
he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Morgan,  Edwin  D.  —  Born  in 

Washington,  Berkshire  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  Februarys,  1811;  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  years  he  entered  a  whole 
sale  grocery  house,  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  as  a  clerk,  and  in  three  years 
became  a  partner ;  soon  after  reaching 
his  majority  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  of  Hartford ;  in  1836 
he  settled  in  New  York  City,  and  was 
extensively  devoted  to  mercantile  pur 
suits  ;  in  1849  he  was  chosen  an  Alder 
man  of  the  city ;  during  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serv 
ing  two  terms ;  in  1855  he  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  Emigration,  and  held 
the  office  until  1858;  was  a  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  National  Republican  Con 
vention,  held  at  Pittsburg  in  1856;  and 
has  since  then  been  Chairman  of  the 
National  Republican  Committee;  in 
1858  he  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
York;  re-elected  in  1860;  in  1861  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Ma- 
jor-General  of  volunteers,  and  though 
he  rendered  much  service,  declined  all 
compensation,  the  number  of  troops  sent 
to  the  war  during  his  administration 
having  amounted  to  223,000;  and  in 
1863  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  for  New  York,  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Finance,  Military  Affairs,  and  on 
Printing.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Morgan,  tTanies. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 


in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

Morgan,  John  «/". — He  was  born 
in  Queen's  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1825;  and  again  in 
the  Assembly  in  1836  and  1840.  Died 
in  July,  1849. 

Morgan,  William  S.  —  Born  in 
Monongalia  County,  Virginia,  Septem 
ber  7,^1801.  He  was  self-educated; 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1835  to  1839,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on'Re- 
volutionary  Pensions,  and  declined  a  re 
election  ;  in  1840  he  was  appointed  a 
Clerk  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
from  which  position  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election  ;  he  was  a  Demo 
cratic  Elector  in  1844  ;  and  in  1845,  hav 
ing  injured  his  health  by  public  speak 
ing,  he  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in 
the  Treasury  Department. 

Morril,  David  L. — Born  in  Ep- 

ping,  New  Hampshire,  June  10,  1772, 
and  died  February  4,  1849.  He  attended 
Exeter  Academy,  studied  medicine,  and 
commenced  the  practice  at  Epsom  in 
1793.  He  also  studied  theology,  and 
was  ordained  a  pastor,  but  resigned  his 
charge  in  1811,  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  medicine.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  General  Court,  in  1811, 
1812,  and  1816;  and  in  1816  was  chosen 
to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six  years. 
He  subsequently  became  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate,  and  its  President,  and 
afterwards,  for  four  successive  terms, 
was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  wrote  and  published  many 
occasional  discourses  and  essays,  on  vari 
ous  religious  and  secular  topics. 

Morrill,  Anson  jP. — Was  born  in 
Belgrade,  Maine,  June  10,  1803;  re 
ceived  the  advantages  of  a  common 
school  education  ;  has  been  chiefly  de 
voted  to  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
pursuits  ;  was  for  several  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  Legislature ;  was  Go 
vernor  of  Maine  from  1855  to  1857;  and 
in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Maine,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post-offices  and  Post-roads,  and  Revo 
lutionary  Claims. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


267 


Morrill,  Justin  S. — He  was  born 
in  Stratford,  Vermont,  April  14,  1810; 
received  an  academic  education,  and  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the 
year  1848,  when  he  turned  his  attention 
to  agriculture.  He  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Vermont,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress ;  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fifth,  the  Thirty-sixth,  the 
Thirty-seventh,  and  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  special  Com 
mittee  on  the  Sale  of  Fort  Snelling,  and 
on  the  regular  Committees  on  Agricul 
ture,  and  on  Ways  and  Means. 

Morrill,  Lot  M.  —  Was  born  in 
Belgrade,  Kennebeck  County,  Maine, 
in  1815 ;  entered  Waterville  College  in 
1834,  but  soon  after  commenced  the 
stud}*  of  law,  and  in  1839  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1854 ;  of  the  Se 
nate  in  1856,  and  made  its  President ; 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Maine  in 
1858,  and  re-elected  in  1859  and  1860; 
and  in  1861  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
Hannibal  Hamlin,  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  United  States.  In  the  Se 
nate,  Mr.  Morrill  has  served  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  District  of 
Columbia,  and  Claims.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1863,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1869. 

Morris,  Calvary. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837  to 
1844. 

Morris,  Daniel. — Born  in  Seneca 
County,  New  York,  January  4,  1812 ; 
settled  when  quite  young  in  Yates 
County,  and  was  bred  a  farmer ;  having 
educated  himself,  he  taught  school  for 
a  while,  and  then  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  was  at  one  time  District  At 
torney  for  Yates  County  ;  served  one 
term  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary. 

Morris,  Edward  Joy. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  July  15, 
1817;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  ;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841, 


1842,  and  1843 ;  and  elected  to  the  Twen 
ty-eighth  Congress,  as  Representative 
from  the  First  Congressional  District ; 
was  appointed  United  States  Chargfe 
d'Affaires  to  Naples  in  1850,  where  he 
remained  four  years.  On  his  return  to 
Philadelphia,  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  G-irard  Col 
lege.  In  1856  was  again  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  the  fall  of  that 
year  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  for  the  District  of  Columbia.  As  an 
author,  his  publications  are,  UA  Tour 
through  Turkey,  Greece,  and  Egypt, 
Arabia  Petraea,"  &c. ;  "The  Turkish 
Empire,  Social  and  Political;"  "  Afraja, 
or  Life  and  Love  in  Norway"  (a  trans 
lation)  ;  and  also  a  translation  from  the 
German  of  Gregozovius,  "  Corsica,  So 
cial  and  Political,"  &c.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Aifairs.  Re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Morris.  Gouverneur. — Minister 
from  the  United  States  to  France,  and 
an  eminent  American  statesman  and 
orator.  Born  in  Morrisania,  New  York, 
in  1752,  and  graduated  at  King's  Col 
lege,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in  1768. 
He  was  bred  to  the  law,  came  to  the  bar 
in  1771,  and  attained  great  celebrity  in 
the  profession.  In  1775  he  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Provincial  Congress,  from 
New  York,  and  was  employed  in  the 
public  service  in  various  capacities 
during  the  Revolutionary  contest,  and 
in  all  of  them  displayed  great  zeal  and 
ability.  After  the  war  of  the  Revolution 
he  retired  from  public  life,  although  an 
active  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  present  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  In  1792  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  France,  and  remained  in  that 
capacity  till  October,  1794.  He  returned 
to  America  in  1798,  and  in  1800  was 
chosen  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  New  York,  serving  three  years. 
After  retiring  from  Congress,  he  spent 
seven  years  in  Philadelphia.  He  died 
November  6,  1816,  aged  sixty-four. 
His  publications  were  numerous.  Se 
lections  from  his  papers,  with  a  sketch  of 
his  life,  have  been  published  by  Jared 
Sparks. 

Morris,  Isaac  JV, — He  is  the  fourth 
son  of  Thomas  Morris,  and  brother  of 
Jonathan  D.  Morris ;  was  born  in  Ohio, 


268 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


January  22,  1812.  He  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835  ;  in  1836 
he  emigrated  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in 
Quincy,  where  he  still  resides.  In  1840 
he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for 
Illinois,  but  declined  the  position ;  in 
1841  he  was  chosen  President  of  the  Il 
linois  and  Michigan  Canal  Company  ; 
in  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  from  Adams  County  ;  in  1856 
he  was  elected  a  Eepresentative,  from 
Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Eoads  and  Canals. 

Morris,  James  H. — He  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  Janu 
ary  10,  1820  (his  father,  Joseph  Morris, 
having  been  a  member  of  Congress  in 
1843  and  1845),  and  having  become  a 
resident  of  Ohio,  he  was  elected  in  1848 
to  the  Legislature  of  that  State  ;  and  in 
1860  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  In 
1862  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Morris?  Jonathan  D. — He  was 

born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-first  Con 
gress. 

Morris,  Jonathan  Z). — He  is  the 

eldest  son  of  Thomas  Morris,  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He 
served  for  twenty  years  as  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Clermont  County,  Ohio ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1847  to  1851. 
Now  devoted  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

Morris,  Joseph. — Born  in  Greene 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October  16, 1795. 
He  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  ten 
years,  and  having  been  apprenticed  to 
the  trade  of  a  wheelwright,  he  continued 
to  follow  the  business  until  he  was 
twenty-five  years  old.  In  1824  he  was 
elected  Sheriif  of  his  native  county.  In 
1829  he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  devoted 
himself  to  merchandizing ;  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1833 
and  1834;  he  was  Treasurer  for  Monroe 
County  for  one  year,  and,  while  in  that 
office,  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1843, 


and  re-elected  in  1845,  serving  two  en 
tire  terms.  He  died  at  Woodfield, 
Ohio,  October  23,  1854. 

Morris,  Lewis  It. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1797  to  1803. 

Morris,  Mathias. — A  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1835  to  1839,  and  was  much  re 
spected  for  his  talents.  He  died  at 
Doylestown,  Pennsylvania,  November 
9,  1839,  aged  fifty-four  years. 

Morris,  Robert. — He  was  a  native 
of  England,  but  came  to  the  United 
States  when  a  boy  of  thirteen,  and  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia  as  a  clerk,  where 
he  spent  the  most  of  his  life  as  an  influ 
ential  merchant  and  financier.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Congress  of  1776,  and 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
In  1781  he  obtained  the  control  of  the 
American  finances,  and  rendered  impor 
tant  services  to  his  adopted  country. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  present  Constitution, 
and  was  chosen  a  United  States  Senator, 
serving  from  1789  to  1795.  Notwith 
standing  his  valuable  services  to  his 
country,  he  passed  the  latter  years  of  his 
life  in  imprisonment  for  debt.  Until 
the  period  of  his  impoverishment,  his 
house  had  been  the  scene  of  most  liberal 
hospitality.  He  died  May  8,  1806,  aged 
seventy-one  years. 

Morris,  Samuel  W.  —  Born  in 
1788;  was  for  many  years  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Tioga  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  in  Congress, 
from  1837  to  1841.  He  died  in  Wells- 
borough,  Pennsylvania,  May  25,  1847. 

Morris,    Thomas. — He    was    for 

three  years  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Ontario  County,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1801 
to  1803. 

Morris,  Thomas.— He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  January  3,  1776,  and  was 
the  son  of  a  Baptist  clergyman.  When 
nineteen  years  of  age  he  emigrated  to 
the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  settled  near 
the  present  site  of  Cincinnati,  but  two 
years  afterwards  removed  to  the  county 
of  Clermont.  In  1802,  while  engaged 
in  the  avocation  of  a  day  laborer,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


269 


without  an  instructor,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law,  adopted  the  profession, 
and  became  eminent.  In  1806  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  and 
represented  Clermont  County,  either  in 
the  Senate  or  House,  for  a  period  of 
twenty-four  years,  doing  much  to  de 
velop  the  resources  of  his  adopted 
State.  He  was  also  Chief  Judge  of  Ohio, 
and  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  the  long  term,  from  1833  to  1839. 
He  died  December  7,  1844,  and  his  Life 
and  collected  speeches  and  writings  have 
been  published  in  one  volume,  under  the 
supervision  of  his  son,  Rev.  B.  F.  Mor 
ris.  While  in  Congress  he  ably  defended 
the  freedom  of  the  press,  the  freedom  of 
speech,  and  the  right  of  petition.  Isaac 
N.  and  Jonathan  D.  Morris  were  his 


Morrison,  George  W. — He  was 

born  in  Vermont,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1850  to  1851,  and  again  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Morrison,  John  A. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  arid  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Morrison,  William  Balls. — Was 

born  in-  Monroe  County,  Illinois,  Sep 
tember  14,  1825;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  in  1852  was  chosen  Clerk  of  Mon 
roe  County,  which  office  he  resigned  to 
go  into  the  State  Legislature,  where  he 
served  three  years,  and  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  in  1859  ;  served  as  a  private 
in  the  Mexican  war,  fighting  under 
Colonel  Bissell  at  Buena  Yista ;  after 
the  Rebellion  broke  out,  he  organized 
the  Forty-ninth  Regiment  Illinois  Vo 
lunteers,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
Fort  Donelson  ;  and  while  in  command 
of  his  regiment  in  the  field  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Illinois,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Morroiv,  Jeremiah.  —  Born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1770,  but  removed  to 
the  Northwest  Territory,  now  the  State 
of  Ohio,  in  1795,  and  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  in 
1800.  He  was  the  first  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  serving  from 
1803  to  1813  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 


gress,  from  1813  to  1819,  being  appoint 
ed,  in  1814.  a  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indians.  He  was  Governor  of 
Ohio,  from  1822  to  1826 ;  subsequently 
a  Canal  Commissioner  ;  served  a  second 
time  as  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1841  to  1843,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands ; 
and  for  several  years  before  his  death 
was  President  of  the  Little  Miami  Rail 
road  Company.  He  died  in  Ohio,  March 
22,  1852. 

Morse,   Freeman    H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Bath,  Maine,  February  18, 1807 ; 
was  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1840 
to  1844,  and  also  in  1853  and  1856 ;  was 
Mayor  of  Bath  three  years  ;  was  elected 
to  Congress  in  1843,  serving  one  term  ; 
and  was  re-elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Maine, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Cost  of  Public  Printing,  and  that 
on  Naval  Affairs.  He  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress^ 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861. 

Morse,  Isaac  E. — He  was  born  in 
Louisiana,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1851. 

Morse,  O.  A..  —  Born  in  Cherry 
Valley,  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
March  26,  1815  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College,  New  York ;  studied  law,  but 
has  not  practised  of  late  years  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Morton,  Jackson. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and,  removing  to  Florida, 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1855.  He  subse 
quently  entered  extensively  into  the 
business  of  manufacturing  lumber  in 
Florida.  Served  in  the  Rebellion  as  a 
member  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 

Morton,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Morton,  Marcus. — He  was  born 
in  Freetown,  Massachusetts,  December 
19,  1784;  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1804  ;  studied  law,  and  devoted 
himself  to  politics  ;  in  1811  he  was  cho- 


270 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sen  Clerk  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1817  to  1821  ; 
in  1823  was  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  that  State ;  in  1824  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor ;  subse 
quently  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts,  from  1825  to  1840; 
and  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1840  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to 

1844  ;  and  was  Collector  of  Boston  from 

1845  to  1849.     He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1853  ; 
and  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1858. 

Mosely,  Jonathan  Ogden. — Born 
at  East  Haddon,  Middlesex  County, 
Connecticut ;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College  in  1780;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1805  to  1821.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  Michigan,  and  died  at  Saginaw,  in 
that  State,  September  9,  1839,  aged 
seventy-seven  years. 

Mosely,  William  A. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1816;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1835  ;  of  the  State  Senate,  from  1838  to 
1841 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Mott,  Gordon  3T. — Was  born  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  October  21,  1812; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1836 ;  during  the  troubles  in  that  year 
between  Mexico  and  Texas,  he  served 
nine  months  as  a  volunteer  in  the  Texan 
service ;  and  soon  after  that  returned 
to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Miami  County.  He 
also  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  having  raised  the  company  he 
commanded,  after  which  he  again  re 
turned  to  his  native  State.  In  1849  he 
emigrated  to  California ;  in  1850  was 
elected  Judge  of  Sutter  County  ;  in  1851 
appointed  a  District  Judge;  in  1861  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ne 
vada  Territory  ;  and  in  1862  was  elected 
a  Delegate,  from  that  Territory,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Mottf  rTames. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1801  to  1805.  He  had  previously 
been  Treasurer  of  the  State,  and  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1809. 


Mott,  Richard. — Born  in  Mama- 
roneck,Westchester  County,  New  York, 
July  21,  1804.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Quaker  Seminary  of  "  Nine  Partners," 
in  Dutchess  County,  New  York ;  bred 
a  merchant,  and  has  resided  in  Toledo, 
Ohio,  for  twenty  years ;  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth. 

Moulton,  j\face. — He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire  ;  was  Sheriff  of  Hills- 
boro  County  in  1845 ;  a  State  Council 
lor  in  1848  and  1849 ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Monton,  Alexander. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
from  1837  to  1842. 

Muhlenberg,  Francis  S. — Born 
in  Reading.  Pennsylvania ;  received  a 
liberal  education ;  was  private  Secretary 
to  Governor  Heister  ;  removed  to  Ohio; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  during  the  session  of  1828-9  ;  and 
died  in  Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  in 
1832,  aged  thirty-two  years. 

Muhlenberg,    Frederick   A.  — 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania ; 
was  Treasurer  of  the  State ;  President 
of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1789  to  1797  ;  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
during  the  First  and  Third  Congresses. 
He  died  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
June  4,  1801,  aged  fifty-one  years. 

Muhlenberg,  Henry  A. — He  was 

born  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1854.  He  died 
January  9,  1854,  in  the  prime  of  life. 

Muhlenbcrg,  Henry  Augustus. 

— He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pennsyl 
vania,  May  13,  1782.  Under  the  in 
struction  of  his  father,  a  learned  clergy 
man  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  he  com 
pleted  the  usual  course  of  collegiate 
studies  at  an  early  age ;  and  in  1802  he 
was  ordained  as  a  Lutheran  clergyman, 
and  had  the  pastoral  charge  of  Trinity 
Church  at  Reading,  in  which  position 
he  remained  until  1828,  when,  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health,  he  resigned,  and  re 
tired  to  a  farm.  In  1829  he  was  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


271 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  serving 
until  1838,  when  he  resigned  his  seat, 
having,  during  his  term  of  office,  been 
Chairman  of  several  important  Com 
mittees.  In  1835  he  \vas  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  Governor,  but  the  Whig 
party  was  successful.  In  1837  President 
Van  Buren  tendered  him  a  place  in  his 
cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and 
also  the  mission  to  Eussia,  both  of  which 
he  declined,  but  in  1838  he  accepted  the 
mission  to  Austria,  and  was  recalled  at 
his  own  request  in  1841.  In  1844  he 
was  again  a  candidate  for  Governor, 
but  he  died  suddenly  at  Heading,  Au 
gust  12,  1844,  a  few  weeks  before  the 
election,  leaving  the  reputation  of  an 
upright  and  able  statesman. 

Muhlenbery,  Peter. — He  was  born 
at  the  Trappe,  Montgomery  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  1, 1746.  He  was 
educated  in  Germany,  and  on  his  re 
turn  home,  studied  theology  with  his 
father.  In  1772  he  went  to  London 
with  Bishop  White,  who  was  also  a 
candidate  for  holy  orders,  and  was  or 
dained,  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  as  an 
Episcopal  clergyman.  He  was  for  a 
few  years  settled  over  a  parish  in  Vir 
ginia,  but  at  the  commencement  of  the 
Devolution,  he  was  urged  to  take  a  mili 
tary  command ;  and  he  accordingly 
preached  his  last  sermon  to  his  par 
ishioners,  throwing  off' his  clerical  robes, 
and  appearing  in  the  pulpit  in  full  uni 
form,  saying  ;  "  There  is  a  time  for  all 
things,  and  now  is  the  time  to  fight;" 
read  his  commission  as  Colonel,  and  or 
dered  the  drummers  to  beat  for  recruits  ; 
his  parishioners  crowded  to  the  stand 
ard,  and  he  had  no  difficulty  in  forming 
a  regiment.  His  first  campaigns  were 
fought  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina. 
In  1777  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-General,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Brandy  wine,  Germantown, 
Monmouth,  and  Stony  Point ;  and  in 
1780,  held  the  chief  command,  when 
Leslie  invaded  Virginia,  and  was  next 
in  command  to  Lafayette  when  Corn- 
wallis  entered  Virginia.  He  command 
ed  the  First  Brigade  of  Light  Infantry 
at  Yorktown  ;  and  when  the  army  was 
disbanded,  he  received  the  commission 
of  Major-General.  After  returning  to 
his  abode  in  Pennsylvania,  he  was  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  of  the  State.  In  1785  he  was 
chosen  Vice-President  of  the  Common 
wealth,  and  upon  the  adoption  of  the 


Federal  Constitution,  he  was  elected  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  serving 
from  1789  to  1791,  from  1793  to  1795, 
and  from  1799  to  1801.  In  1797  he  was 
a  Presidential  Elector ;  and  in  1801  he 
was  elected  United  States  Senator,  but 
resigned  in  1802,  and  was  appointed  Su 
pervisor  of  the  Eevenue  for  the  District 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1803  he  was  made 
Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia, 
and  held  this  office  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  October  1,  1807. 

Mullen,  Joseph. — He  was  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Mumford,  George. — Born  in  Eo- 
wan  County,  North  Carolina.  He  re 
presented  it  in  the  General  Assembly  in 
1810  and  1811 ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1817  to  1819,  having 
died  in  Washington  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term,  December  31,  1818. 

Mumford,  Gurdon  S. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1805  to  1811. 

Murfree,   William  H. — Born  in 

Hertford  County,  North  Carolina  ;  gra 
duated  at  Chapel  Hill  in  1801,  and 
having  studied  law,  was  a  successful 
advocate.  He  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1805,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  1813  to  1817.  In  1825 
he  emigrated  to  Tennessee,  and  soon 
after  died  at  Nashville. 

Murphy,  Charles. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Eepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Murphy,  Henry  C. — He  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1810 ;  gra 
duated  at  Columbia  College  in  1830; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1833  ;  was  at  one  time  Attorney 
for  the  city  of  Brooklyn ;  was  elected 
Mayor  of  that  city  in  1842 ;  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1843  to  1849  ;  and  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan  was  appointed  Minister 
to  the  Hague.  In  his  tastes  he  was  de 
cidedly  literary,  and  has  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  investigation  of  the 
early  history  of  his  native  State.  On 


272 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


his  return  from  Europe,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  New  York. 

Murphy,  John. — He  was  a  native 
of  South  Carolina ;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1808;  was 
Clerk  of  the  Senate  of  South  Carolina  ; 
Trustee  of  his  Alma  Mater  ;  removed 
to  Alabama  in  1817;  was  Governor  of 
Alabama,  from  1825  to  1829,  and  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died  in 
Clark  County  Alabama,  September  21, 
1841,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

Murray,  Ambrose  S. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Mileage. 

Murray,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Murray,  John  L. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1838  to  1839. 

Murray.  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Northumberland  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1821  to 
1823. 

Murray,  William. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Murray,    William    Vans.  —  He 

was  born  in  Maryland,  about  the  year 
1761.  In  1783  he  went  to  London,  and 
entered  as  a  student  of  law  at  the  Tem 
ple,  and  remained  three  years.  On  re 
turning  to  his  native  State,  he  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law,  but  was  soon 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature.  In 
1791  he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
Congress,  and  continued  in. that  posi 
tion  until  1797,  when  he  declined  being 
a  candidate.  He  was  appointed,  by 
Washington,  Minister  to  the  Nether 
lands  ;  and,  in  connection  with  Mr. 
Ellsworth  and  Mr.  Davie,  he  negotia 
ted  a  treaty  with  France  in  1800.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1801, 
and  died  December  11,  1803.  He  pos 
sessed  great  keenness  of  wit  and  deli 


cacy  of  taste,  and  was  distinguished  for 
his  eloquence,  having  a  mind  well  stored 
with  science  and  literature. 

Myers,  Amos.—JSorn  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  23,  1824 ; 
received  a  good  academic  education ; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846. 
In  1847  he  was  appointed  a  District 
Attorney,  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Navy  Department,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

Myers,  Leonard. — He  was  born 
in  Attleborough,  Bucks  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  November  13,  1827 ;  received 
a  liberal  education,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  was  Solicitor  for  two 
municipal  districts  in  Philadelphia ; 
digested  the  ordinances  for  the  consoli 
dation  of  the  city,  and  has  translated 
several  works  from  the  French.  He 
was  elected,  in  1862,  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Patents,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Post- 
office  Department. 

Nabers,  Benjamin  J>. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and,  on  removing  to 
Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853". 

Naudain,  Arnold. — He  was  born 
in  Delaware ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1806,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1836. 

Naylor.  Charles.  —  Born  in  the 
County  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
October  6,  1806  ;  educated  a  lawyer,  ad 
mitted  in  1828  to  the  bar  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  was  there  for  some  years  ex 
tensively  engaged  in  practice.  He  re 
presented  his  native  district  in  Congress, 
from  1837  to  1841.  In  184S  he  raised  in 
Philadelphia  a  company  of  volunteers, 
and,  as  their  Captain,  took  part  in  the 
war  with  Mexico  ;  rendezvoused  at  the 
Island  of  Lobos,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ; 
landed  with  the  invading  army  at  Vera 
Cruz  ;  was  active  in  the  operations  be 
fore  that  city,  and  in  most  of  the  en 
gagements  on  General  Scott's  line. 
Upon  the  fall  of  the  city  of  Mexico, 
September  14,  1847,  he  was  appointed 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


273 


Governor  of  the  National  Palace  (the 
"  Halls  of  the  Montezumas"),  and 
keeper  of  the  archives  and  property  of 
that  Republic ;  and  continued  to  hold 
that  place,  and  to  aid  in  the  adminis 
tration  of  the  government  of  the  city, 
till  the  final  evacuation  of  it  by  the 
American  army,  June  12,  1848.  He 
has  filled  many  posts  of  trust  and  honor 
in  his  native  State,  and  is  at  present 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  the  city  of  Washington. 

Neal,  Raphael. — He  was  born  in 
St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  18251 

Nelson,  Homer  A.— He  was  born 
in  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  August 
31,  1829  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law. 
In  1855  he  was  elected  Judge  of  Dut- 
chess  County  for  four  years,  and  in  1859 
was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  ;  arid  in 
1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Unfinished  Busi 
ness.  In  1857  Rutgers  College,  of  New 
Jersey,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  election  to  Congress  he  was  Colonel 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-ninth 
regimentof  New  York  volunteers,  which 
he  resigned. 

Nelson,  Hugh. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia  ;  and  was  at  one  time  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia ; 
a  Judge  of  the  General  Court ;  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1811  to  1823,  and 
immediately  afterwards  appointed  Ame 
rican  Minister  to  Spain.  He  died  in 
Albemarle  County,  March  18,  1836. 

Nelson,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 
in  Rowley,  Essex  County,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1768;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1790;  settled  in  Newbury- 
port.  Massachusetts,  as  a  merchant ; 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1805  to  1807, 
and  again  from  1815  to  1823  ;  and  died 
at  Newburyport,  October  2,  1838. 

Nelson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick,  Maryland  ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1821  to  1823;  in  1831  was  appointed 
Charge"  d'Affaires  to  the  Two  Sicilies; 
and  in  1844  was  Attorney-General  of 


the  United  States  under  President  Ty 
ler. 

Nelson,  Roger. — He  was  a  General 
in  the  Revolutionary  war ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1804  to  1810,  and  died  at 
Fredericktown,  June  7,  1815,  at  an  ad 
vanced  age. 

Nelson,  Thomas  A.  R. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee  ;  was  bred  a  lawyer, 
and  served  as  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  but  was  prevented 
from  taking  his  seat  by  the  forcible  ac 
tion  of  the  Rebel  Government. 

Nelson,  Thomas  M. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1782;  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  war  of  1812,  as  a  Captain 
of  infantry  ;  after  the  war  he  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Major,  but  re 
signed  his  commission ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1816  to  1819,  when  he  de 
clined  a  re-election  and  retired  to  pri 
vate  life.  He  died  November  10,  1853. 

Nelson,  William. — Born  in  Clin 
ton,  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  June 
29,  1784;  he  received  an  academical 
education  ;  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1807;  was  District 
Attorney  for  the  counties  of  Westches- 
ter,  Putnam,  and  Rockland,  for  a  period 
of  thirty  years ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  of  New  York  in  1819  and 
1820  ;  and  a  State  Senator  in  1823  ;  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1847  to  '1851. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  a  resident  of 
Peekskill. 

Nes.  Henry. — Born  in  York,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1799,  and  was  educated  a 
physician.  He  was  frequently  called 
to  fill  places  of  trust  and  responsibility 
in  his  native  town,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  again,  from  1846  to  1850. 
He  was  retiring  in  his  habits,  but  had 
many  devoted  friends.  He  died  Sep 
tember  10,  1850. 

Nesbitt,  Wilson. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Nesmith,  James  W. — Was  born 


274 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  "Washington  County,  Maine,  July 
23,  1820  ;  when  quite  young  removed  to 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1838  emigrated 
to  Ohio  ;  subsequently  spent  some  time 
in  Missouri ;  and  in  1843  emigrated  to 
Oregon.  In  1848  and  1853  he  com 
manded,  as  a  Captain,  two  expeditions 
against  the  Indians  ;  in  1853  he  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Marshal  for  Ore 
gon,  which  he  resigned  in  1855,  and 
had  the  command  of  a  regiment ;  in 
1857  he  was  appointed  Superintendent 
of  Indian  Affairs  for  Oregon  and  "Wash 
ington  Territories  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Oregon, 
for  the  full  term,  beginning  in  1861, 
serving  on  the  Committees  On  Military 
Affairs,  and  Indian  Affairs. 

Nevell,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1793  to  1795.  Died  March  4, 
1819. 

New,  Anthony. — He  was  born  in 
Gloucester  County,  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1793  to  1805  ;  and  on  taking 
up  his  residence  in  Kentucky,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1811  to  1813,  from 
1817  to  1818,  and  from  1821  to  1823. 

Newbold,    Thomas. — He   was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1807  to  1813;  after  which 
he  served  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State.  Died  in  Burlington  County,  of 
apoplexy,  in  December,  1823. 

Newell,  William  A. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio  ;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College  ; 
was  educated  for  the  medical  profession, 
and  on  taking  up  his  residence  in  New 
Jersey,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1851.  In  1856 
was  elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
for  the  term  ending  in  1860  ;  and  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1864. 

Newhard,  Peter.— He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Newman,  Daniel. — He  served  as 
a  soldier  in  the  early  Indian  wars  in 
Georgia,  held  many  high  positions  in 
the  State,  and  was  a  member  of  Con 


gress,  from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  in 
Walker  County,  Georgia. 

Newton,  Eben. — Born  in  Goshen, 
Litehfield  County,  Connecticut,  Octo 
ber  16,  1795;  his  early  education  was 
limited,  having  been  obtained  while 
working  on  a  farm  ;  his  first  earnings, 
off  the  farm,  were  obtained  from  teach 
ing  school  in  the  winter ;  in  1814  he  emi 
grated  to  Portage  County,  Ohio,  and 
turned  his  attention  to  farming  exclu 
sively  ;  he  studied  law,  and  in  1823  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  became  the 
partner  of  Elisha  Whittlesey,  at  Can- 
field,  Ohio.  In  1842  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Senate ;  was  soon 
afterwards  elected  President  Judge  of 
the  Third  Circuit ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  for  the  term 
from  1851  to  1853,  but  before  taking 
his  seat  visited  Europe.  In  1856  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  Ashtabula 
and  New  Lisbon  Railroad  Company, 
in  which  position  he  remained  until 
1859,  when  he  declined  a  re-election. 
He  has  of  late  years  devoted  himself  to 
the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  in  which  he 
is  eminently  successful. 

Newton,  Thomas. — Born  in  Nor 
folk,  Virginia,  in  1769;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1801  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831 
to  1833.  He  served  for  many  years  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce  and  Manufactures.  He  died  in 
Norfolk,  Virginia,  August  5,  1847. 

Netvton,  Thomas  W. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ar 
kansas,  from  1845  to  1846. 

Newton,    Willoughby. — He    was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1845. 

NiblacJf,    William  E.— Born   in 

Dubois  County,  Indiana,  May  19,  1822. 
He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1843 ;  during  that  year  he 
was  appointed  County  Surveyor  ;  in 
1849  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  where  he  served  until  1852;  in 
1854  he  was  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge, 
and  subsequently  elected  for  six  years. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mileage, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


275 


gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Patents.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Nicholas,  John. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1793  to  1801.  He  subsequently 
removed  to  Geneva,  Ontario  County, 
New  York,  whence  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate,  from  1806  to  1809. 
Died  May  27,  1821. 

Nicholas,  R.  €.— He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  appointed  Captain  of  in 
fantry  in  1812,  serving  in  different 
grades  until  the  reduction  of  the  army 
in  1815.  Settling  in  Louisiana,  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
serving  from  1835  to  1841,  and  in  1851 
was  appointed  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Schools. 

Nicholas,  Wilson  C. — A  Governor 
of  Virginia ;  an  officer  in  the  war  of  the 
Kevolution,  and  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  ratified  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States.  He  was  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  National 
House  of  Representatives,  from  1807  to 
1809,  and  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  from  1799  to  1804,  and  ably 
supported  the  measures  of  President 
Jefferson's  administration.  In  1804  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  ac 
cepted  the  office  of  Collector  of  the  ports 
of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  He  was 
afterwards  a  member  of  the  House  ;  but 
he  resigned  his  seat  in  1809.  In  1814 
he  was  Governor,  and  remained  in  office 
until  1817.  He  died  at  Milton,  Octo 
ber  10,  1820. 

Nichols,  Matthias  J/.— Born  in 
Salem  County,  New  Jersey,  October  3, 
1824.  His  education  was  acquired  in  a 
printing-office  and  by  the  aid  of  friends, 
who  instructed  him  after  the  ordinary 
hours  of  labor.  He  studied  law,  and  in 
1849  was  licensed  to  practice  in  Au- 
glaize  County,  Ohio.  He  was  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney  for  Allen  County  ;  re 
signed  the  office  in  1852  to  become  a 
candidate  for  Congress,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Printing. 

Nicholson,  A.  O.  P. — He  was  born 
in  Williamson  County,  Tennessee,  Au 


gust  31,  1808  ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill 
University,  North  Carolina,  in  1827 ; 
settled  in  Tennessee  as  a  lawyer ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature 
from  1833  to  1839  ;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1840  to 
1842;  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee 
Senate  from  1843  to  1845 ;  was  Chancel 
lor  of  the  middle  division  of  the  State 
in  1845  ;  was  President  of  the  Bank  of 
Tennessee  in  1846  and  1847  ;  was  elected 
Printer  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
by  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and  Print 
er  of  the  Senate,  by  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress  ;  and  from  1853  to  1856  he  was 
editor  of  the  Washington  Daily  Union. 
He  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1859  and  ending  in  1865, 
but  was  expelled  in  July,  1861. 

Nicholson,  John. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  for  several  years  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1809  to  1811. 
Died  January,  1820,  aged  fifty-five 
years. 

Nicholson,  Joseph  Hopper. — A 

native  of  Maryland ;  received  a  good 
education,  and  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion.  In  1805  he  was  appointed  Chief 
Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District, 
and  was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals  of  Maryland.  From  1799  to 
1806  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  died  March  4,  1817,  aged 
forty-seven  years. 

Nicollj  Henry. — Born  in  the  city 

of  New  York,  October  23,  1812 ;  gra 
duated  at  Columbia  College  in  1830 ; 
studied  law,  and  has  practised  with  suc 
cess  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1846  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Niles,  John  M. — He  was  born  in 
Windsor,  Connecticut,  in  1787,  and  was 
bred  to  the  bar,  and  went  to  Hartford 
in  1816  to  practise  law.  In  1817  he  was 
there  concerned  in  publishing  the  Times, 
which  he  edited  for  a  time.  In  1820  he 
was  a  commissioned  Judge  of  the  County 
Court.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster 
at  Hartford,  by  President  Jackson,  and 
held  the  office  until  made  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  in  1835,  in  which  position  he 
remained  until  1839.  In  1840  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster-General  by  Pre- 


276 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sident  Van  Buren.  In  1842  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
served  six  years,  retired  to  private  life, 
and  died  May  31,  1856.  He  was  fond 
of  literary  pursuits,  and  his  contribu 
tions  to  the  periodical  press  were  abun 
dant.  He  edited  a  Gazetteer  of  Con 
necticut  and  Khode  Island,  and  wrote  a 
History  of  South  America.  In  his  will 
he  gave  $20,000  for  the  benefit  of  the 
poor  of  Hartford,  and  bequeathed  his 
library  to  the  Historical  Societ}7  of  Con 
necticut. 

Niles,  Nathaniel. — He  was  born 
in  South  Kingston.  Rhode  Island,  in 
1741  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1766  ;  was  a  student  of  law,  medicine, 
and  theology  ;  was  the  inventor  of  mak 
ing  wire  from  bar  iron,  by  water  power, 
and  erected  at  Norwich,  Connecticut,  a 
woollen  card  manufactory ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  Legislature, 
and  Speaker  of  the  House ;  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State  ;  was 
six  times  a  Presidential  Elector  ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1791  to  1795.  He  wrote 
poetry  and  many  sermons,  and  preached 
in  his  own  house  twelve  years.  He  died 
at  West  Fairlee,  Vermont,  in  Novem 
ber,  1828. 

Nisbet,  E.  A.. — He  was  born  in 
Georgia ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1842. 

Niven,  Archibald  C. — He  was 
born  in  New  York ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Nixon,  John  I. — Born  in  Cum 
berland  County,  New  Jersey,  in  1820 ; 
graduated  at  P'rinceton  College  in  1841 ; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1845; 
served  in  the  New  Jersey  Legislature, 
from  1848  to  1850,  during  the  last  year 
as  Speaker  ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  Jersey,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Commerce. 

Noble,  David  A. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  ;  liberally  educated  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and  on 
removing  to  Michigan,  was  elected  a 


Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Noble,  James. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1816 
to  1831,  having  died  in  "Washington, 
February  26,  of  the  latter  year.  He  was 
a  native  of  Battletown,  Clark  County, 
Virginia,  but  removed  when  a  youth  to 
Kentucky,  and  subsequently  to  Indiana. 
He  was  a  self-educated  man,  and  very 
influential  in  his  adopted  State. 

Noble,  Warren  P. — He  was  bom 

in  Pennsylvania,  June  14, 1821 ;  received 
a  good  English  education  in  the  State  of 
Ohio  ;  studied  law,  and  has  practised 
ever  since  his  admission  to  the  bar  ;  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1856, 
serving  two  terms,  and  in  1860  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Patents ;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  same  Committee. 

Noble,  William  H. — He  was  born 
in  New  York  ;  served  three  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  that  State,  from  Cayuga 
County;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

Noell,  John  W. — Born  in  Brad 
ford  County,  Virginia,  February  15, 
1816;  emigrated  to  Missouri  with  his 
parents  in  1832  ;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
from  1841  to  1850  he  was  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Perry  County,  Mis 
souri  ;  served  four  years  in  the  State 
Senate  of  Missouri ;  and  in  1858  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Missouri, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penses  of  the  Public  Buildings.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims.  He  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  but  died  in 
Washington,  March  14,  1863. 

Norris,  Moses. — Born  in  Pittsfield, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1799  ;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1828;  studied 
law,  and  devoted  himself  successfully  to 
the  practice ;  in  1839  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1840  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  House ;  in  1841 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Council ;  and  in  1844  he  was  elected  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


277 


Representative  in  Congress,  where  he 
continued  four  years.  In  1847  he  was 
again  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
Speaker  ;  and  while  serving  in  that  ca 
pacity  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1849  to  1855;  and 
he  died  at  Washington,  January  11, 
1855. 

North,  William. — He  was  aid.  to 
Baron  Steuben,  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  afterwards  appointed  Adju 
tant-General.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  by  appointment,  from  New 
York,  in  1798;  died  at  New  York, 
January  4,  1836,  aged  eighty-three 
years  ;  and  was  buried  at  Duanesburg. 

Norton,    Ebenezer  F. — He  was 

born  in  New  York  ;  served  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Erie  County,  in  1823 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Norton,  Elijah  H.— Was  born  in 
Logan  County,  Kentucky,  November 
24,  1821 ;  received  a  liberal  classical 
education,  graduating  at  the  Transyl 
vania  Law  School  in  1841 ;  removed  to 
Missouri  in  1845  ;  practised  law  until 
1852,  when  he  was  chosen  a  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Missouri ;  re-elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1857  ;  and  after 
resigning  the  judgeship,  in  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Missouri, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Post-offices  and 
Post-roads. 

Norton,  Jesse  O. — Was  born  in 
Vermont ;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege,  Massachusetts  ;  emigrated  to  Illi 
nois  in  1839 ;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  of  Illinois  in  1840  ;  was  a  mem 
ber,  in  1847,  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1851  and  1852;  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Illinois,  to  the 
Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post-offices  and  Post-roads  ;  in  1857  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
District  of  Illinois,  holding  the  office 
until  1862 ;  and  in  1863  was  re-elected 
a  Representative  to  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Post-offices  and 
Post-roads,  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Norvell,  John.  —  He  was  bred  a 
printer ;  was  for  a  time  the  editor  of  a 
newspaper  in  Philadelphia ;  was  ap 


pointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Post 
master  of  Detroit,  in  Michigan ;  and 
having  become  identified  with  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Michigan,  became  one  of  the 
Senators  in  Congress,  from  the  new 
State,  having  served  in  that  capacity 
from  1835  to  1841.  He  died  of  apoplexy, 
in  April,  1850. 

Nott,  Abraham.  —  He  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1787 ;  was  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1799  to  1801. 
Died  June  19,  1830. 

Nourse,  Amos. — He  graduated  at 
Harvard,  in  1812;  studied  medicine; 
was  a  Medical  Lecturer  at  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  from  1846  to  1854,  and  Medical  Pro 
fessor  since  1854.  He  was  also  Post 
master  at  Hallowell,  and  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Bath,  and  a  Senator  in  Conr 
gress,  from  January  to  March  in  1857. 

Noyes,  John. — He  was  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  College  in  1795  ;  was  sub 
sequently  a  tutor  in  that  institution  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1815  to  1817. 
He  died  in  1841,  aged  seventy-eight 
years. 

Noyes,  Joseph  C. — He  was  born  in 
Portland,  in  1800;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1837  to  1839,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture.  He  was  a 
merchant  by  occupation ;  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1833;  and  Col 
lector  of  the  Passamaquoddy  District 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Nuckolls,    William  C.  —  He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina  ;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  that  State  in  1820; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1827  to  1833. 

Nugen,  Robert  H.— He  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1809;  with  his  parents  removed  to 
Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  in  1811;  set 
tled  in  Tuscarawas  County  in  1828 ;  and 
in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals.  Declined  a  re-elec 
tion. 


278 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Oakley,  Thomas  Jackson.— 

in  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  in  1783 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1801 ;  stu 
died  law,  and  entered  on  the  practice  at 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York.  In  1810  he 
was  appointed  Surrogate  of  Dutchess 
County,  and  in  1813  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  1815,  when  he  resumed 
his  profession,  and  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly.  He  was  appoint 
ed  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1819;  in  1820  again  served 
in  the  Assembly,  and  in  1827  he  was 
again  elected  to  Congress.  In  1828, 
when  the  Superior  Court  of  New  York 
City  was  organized,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  its  Judges;  and  on  the  reorgani 
zation  of  the  Court,  under  the  Constitu 
tion  of  1846,  he  was  elected  the  Chief 
Justice,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  New 
York  City,  May  11,  1857.  The  duties 
of  the  various  stations  to  which  he  was 
called  he  discharged  with  fidelity  and 
marked  ability. 

O'&rien,  Jeremiah.  —  Born  at 
Machias,  Maine,  in  1768,  and  died  at 
Boston,  May  30,  1858.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1823  to  1831.  Early  in  life,  and 
after  the  separation  of  Maine  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  he  was  for  six  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State.  His  educa 
tional  advantages  were  limited,  but  he 
was  a  man  of  sound  sense  and  solid  judg 
ment.  He  was  both  a  farmer  and  a  mer 
chant. 

Odell,  Moses  F. — Born  in  Tarry- 
town,  Westchester  County,  New  York, 
February  24,  1818;  received  a  common 
school  education  ;  from  a  clerk  he  rose 
to  the  position  of  Assistant  Collector  of 
New  York  City,  under  President  Polk  ; 
under  President  Buchanan  he  held  the 
post  of  Public  Appraiser,  and  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Treasury  Department,  and  mem 
ber  of  that  on  Indian  Affairs  ;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

Ogden,  Aaron. — He  was  born  in 
Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey,  December 
3,  1756 ;  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in 
1773  ;  taught  school  for  a  time  ;  served 
as  an  officer  in  the  army,  during  the 


whole  Revolutionary  war  ;  had  a  horse 
shot  from  under  him  at  the  battle  of 
Springfield,  New  Jersey ;  participated 
in  the  Sullivan  campaign  against  the 
Indians  ;  and  for  his  services  at  York- 
town  was  complimented  by  Washing 
ton  ;  after  the  war  he  pursued  the  legal 
profession  with  distinction  ;  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1800;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1801  to  1803 ;  was 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  in  1812 ;  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  was  President- 
General  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati. 
He  died  at  Jersey  City,  April  19,  1839. 
During  the  war  of  1812,  President  Ma 
dison  offered  him  a  commission  as  Ma- 
jor-General  in  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  which  honor  he  declined,  prefer 
ring  to  continue,  as  he  had  been,  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  militia  of  his  own 
State. 

Ogden,  David  A. — He  was  born 

in  Morristown,  New  Jersey ;  studied 
law,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  St. 
Lawrence  County,  New  York,  in  1812; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1814 
and  1815 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1817  to  1819.  He  died  at 
Montreal,  Canada,  June  9,  1829. 

Ogle,  Alexander. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1817  to 
1819,  and  died  in  Somerset,  Pennsylva 
nia,  October  14,  1852. 

Ogle,  Andreiv  J. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Ogle,  Charles.— He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1837  to  1841,  also  a  General  of 
militia  ;  and  died  at  Somerset,  May  10, 
1841. 

Olcott,  Simeon. — He  was  born  in 
1737;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1761 ;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  the 
practice  at  Charlestown,  New  Hamp 
shire;  he  was  appointed,  in  1784,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  ; 
in  1790  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court; 
Chief  Judge  of  the  same  Court  in  1795  ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1801  to  1805. 
He  died  in  New  Hampshire  in  1815. 

Olds,  Edson  B.— He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


279 


Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1855. 
In  1862  he  was  for  a  short  time  impri 
soned  in  Fort  Lafayette  for  supposed 
disloyalty,  and  while  there  confined,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  Ohio,  having  previously  served  six 
years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  been 
Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Olin,  Abraham  J5. — He  was  born 
in  Shaftsbury,  Bennington  County,  Ver 
mont  in  1812 ;  graduated  at  Williams 
College,  Massachusetts,  in  1835 ;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  at  Troy, 
New  York,  in  1838;  was  for  three  years 
Recorder  of  the  City  of  Troy ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  from  New  York,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  on  the  Public  Buildings. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress 
also.  His  father,  Gideon  Olin,  was  in 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  during  the 
administration  of  President  Jefferson. 

Olin.  Gideon. — He  was  born  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  removing  to  Ver 
mont,  became  one  of  its  founders.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  Speaker  of  the  House,  a  jludge  of 
the  County  Court,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1807.  He  died 
at  Shaftsbury,  Vermont,  in  1822. 

Olin,  Henry. — His  boyhood  was 
spent  in  Addison  County,  Vermont ;  he 
was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  State  in  1799,  and,  excepting  four 
years,  continued  to  serve  in  that  capa 
city  until  1825 ;  he  was  also  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1814,  1822,  and  1828 ;  was  an  Asso 
ciate  Judge  of  Addison  County,  from 
1801  to  1806;  Chief  Judge  of  said  court 
in  1807,  and  from  1810  to  1824 ;  and  he 
was  chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  in  1824,  and 
served  through  the  term,  ending  in 
1825.  He  died  at  Salisbury,  Vermont, 
in  1837,  aged  seventy  years. 

Oliver,  Andrew. — Born  at  Spring 
field,  Otsego  County,  New  York.  Soon 
after  his  birth,  in  1819.  his  parents  re 
moved  to  Pen  Yan,  in  Yates  County. 
He  received  a  classical  education,  and 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1835 ;  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 


bar  in  1838,  and  entered  upon  a  success 
ful  practice.  He  was -appointed  to  suc 
ceed  his  father  as  First  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1843,  which 
position  he  held  till  the  adoption  of  the 
new  State  Constitution.  In  1846  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Surrogate  and 
County  Courts.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-third 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  devoted  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

Oliver,  Morclecai. — Born  in  An 
derson  County,  Kentucky,  October  22, 
1819,  and  emigrated  to  Missouri  in  1832. 
He  received  as  good  an  education  as  that 
country  afforded,  and  errtered  upon  the 
study  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842.  He 
was  elected  Circuit  Attorney  for  the 
Fifth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Missouri  in 
1848;  and  in  1852  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth.  Upon  re 
tiring  from  Congress,  he  resumed  the 
duties  of  his  profession  in  Richmond, 
Missouri. 

Oliver,   William  M.— He  was   a 

native  of  Springfield,  Otsego  County, 
New  York  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  for  a  long  time  the  First  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was 
State  Senator  and  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor,  and  a  Representative,  of  New  York, 
in  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress. 

O'Neill,  Charles.— 'Born,  in  Phila 
delphia,  March  21,  1821  ;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1840;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1843  ;  in  1850, 
1851,  and  1852  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1853  to  the 
State  Senate  ;  re-elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1859  ;  and  in  1862  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

O'Neill,  John.— Was  born  in  Phi 
ladelphia,  December  17,  1821.  In  1827 
his  father  settled  in  Frederick  City, 
Maryland,  and  at  St.  John's  College,  in 
that  place,  he  received  his  education ; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  of  Ma 
ryland  in  1842 ;  in  1844  he  removed  to 
Ohio,  and  there  practised  his  profession 
in  the  Supreme  Court ;  in  1855  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Musk- 


280 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ingum  County ;  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Ormsby,  Stephen.  —  He    was    a 

Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Kentucky, 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1811 
to  1817,  lived  to  an  advanced  age,  and 
died  in  Kentucky.'  He  was  defeated  in 
1813,  but  his  successful  competitor,  John 
Simpson,  having  been  killed  at  the  bat 
tle  of  River  Raisin,  he  was  re-elected 
before  the  opening  of  Congress. 

Orr,  Alexander  D. — He   was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1792  to  1797,  and  died  at 
Paris,  in  that  State,  June  21,  1835,  aged 
seventy  years. 

Orr,  Benjamin.  —  A  native  of 
Bedford,  New  Hampshire  ;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1798,  and  set 
tled  as  a  lawyer  in  Brunswick,  Maine, 
attaining  a  high  rank  in  his  profession. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1817  to  1819, 
and  died  at  Brunswick  in  1828,  aged 
fifty  years. 

Orr,  James  L. — He  was  born  at 
Craytonville,  South  Carolina,  May  12, 
1822 ;  received  his  education  chiefly  in 
the  University  of  Virginia ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843.  In  1844  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  re-elected  in  1845 ; 
and  in  1848  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  to  which  position  he  was  subse 
quently  re-elected.  During  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress  he  was  frequently 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Whole  on  the  State  of  the  Union,  and 
during  the  next  Congress  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  ; 
and  on  the  assembling  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  he  was  elected  Speaker. 
In  December,  1860,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Commissioners  to  visit  Wash 
ington  in  behalf  of  South  Carolina. 

Orr,  Robert.  —  He  was  born  in 
Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1829. 

Orth,    Goodlove  S.  —  Born    near 

Lebanon,  Pennsylvania,  April  22,  1817; 
was  educated  chiefly  at  the  Pennsylva 


nia  College,  Gettysburg;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1839,  locating  in 
Indiana.  In  1843  and  1846  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  six 
years  in  all,  and  one  year  as  President 
of  that  body  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1848 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861 ;  rendered  some  service 
in  1861  as  Captain  of  the  United  States 
Ram  Homer ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Indiana,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Osborne,    Thomas  B. — He   was 

born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1843. 

Osgood,  Gayton  _P. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1815 ; 
served  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature 
in  1829  and  1831  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1833  to  1835. 

Otero,  Miguel  A. — He  was  born 
at  Valencia,  New  Mexico,  June  21, 
1829 ;  was  educated  at  the  St.  Louis 
University,  in  Missouri ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Mis 
souri  in  1852 ;  returning  to  New  Mexi 
co,  he  was  elected  to  Oe  Territorial 
Legislature ;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  United  States  District  At 
torney  for  the  Territory,  but  declined 
to  serve ;  held  the  office  for  a  time  of 
Attorney-General  for  the  Territory ; 
and  in  1855  he  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  New  Mexico. 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray. — He  was 

born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  October 
8,  1765,  and  died  at  Boston,  October  28, 
1848.  His  father,  Samuel  A.  Otis,  was 
the  first  Secretary  of  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  which  office  he  held  for 
twenty-five  years.  Harrison  Gray  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1783, 
and  soon  became  a  successful  practi 
tioner  at  the  bar.  He  was  for  many 
years  an  active  and  leading  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  serving  as  Speaker 
and  President  of  the  Senate.  He  was 
chosen  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
for  the  Suffolk  District,  in  1797,  and 
served  through  President  Adams's  ad 
ministration  ;  and  in  1817  he  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he  re 
mained  for  five  years.  He  was  also 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


281 


and  Mayor  of  Boston,  for  whose  pros 
perity  he  accomplished  much  good  ;  dis 
playing,  in  all  his  public  stations,  great 
ability,  and  the  utmost  fidelity  to  the 
public  interests.  He  was  also  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Massachusetts. 
He  was  distinguished  for  his  scholarly 
acquirements,  and  for  his  eloquence  as 
an  orator. 

Otis,  John. — He  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1801  ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College 
in  1823  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law  ; 
served  five  years  in  the  Maine  Legisla 
ture  ;  was  a  Commissioner  for  settling 
the  Northeastern  Boundary;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  died  Oc 
tober  17,  1856. 

Outlaw,  David. — Born  in  Bertie 
County,  North  Carolina,  and  graduated 
at  the  University  of  that  State  in  1824. 
He  read  law  at  Newbern,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  House  of  Commons  ; 
was  elected  Solicitor  of  Edenton  Dis 
trict  in  1836 ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1847  to  1853. 

Outlaiv,  George  JB. — He  was  born 
in  Bertie  County,  North  Carolina ;  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons  in 
1796,  in  the  State  Senate  a  number  of 
years  thereafter,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  during  the  years  1824  and 
1825.  Died  August  15,  1835. 

Overstreet,  James.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  Barnwell  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1822. 
Died  in  1822. 

Overton,  Walter  H. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Loui 
siana,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Oiven,  Allen  F. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  having  removed 
to  Georgia,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Owen,  George  W. — Born  in  Bruns 
wick  County,  Virginia,  in  1798;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
in  Alabama ;  Mayor  of  Mobile  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1823  to  1829,  when  he  was 


appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of  Mo 
bile.  He  died  August  18,  1839,  at  Mo 
bile,  Alabama. 

Owen,  James. — Born  in  Bladen 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  December, 
1784.  He  was  well  educated,  and  adopted 
the  occupation  of  a  planter.  He  was  a 
General  of  militia,  four  years  a  member 
of  the  Legislature,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Owen,  Hobert   Dale.  —  He    was 

born  in  Scotland ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1843 
to  1847.  He  was  one  of  the  first  Re 
gents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
and  took  a  prominent  part  in  its  organi 
zation  ;  and  was  appointed  Minister- 
Resident  at  Naples.  He  wrote  a  work 
entitled  "Footfalls  on  the  Boundary  of 
another  "World." 

Oivens,  George  W. — A  prominent 
member  of  the  Georgia  bar,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1839.  Died  at  Sa 
vannah  in  1856. 

Owsley,  Bryan  Y. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843. 


Packer,  A.sa.-^-tts  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1853  to  1857. 

Page,  John. — He  was  one  of  the 

first  Representatives  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  under  the  present  Constitu 
tion,  serving  from  1789  to  1797.  In 
1800  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  Electors 
for  President,  and  from  1802  to  1805 
was  Governor  of  Virginia.  He  pub 
lished  addresses  to  the  people  in  1796 
and  1799.  He  died  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  October  11,  1804,  aged  sixty-four 
years. 

Page,  John. — He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  New  Hampshire,  during 
the  years  1836  and  1837 ;  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1839  to  1842;  a  State 
Councillor  in  1838 ;  and  for  some  years 
Register  of  Deeds  for  Grafton  County, 
New  Hampshire. 

Page,  Robert. — He  was  a  Repre- 


19 


282 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1799  to  1801. 

Page,  Sherman.—  He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  served  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  from  Otsego  County,  in 
1827,  and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837. 


Paine,  Elijah.—  BOTTL  in  Brook 
lyn,  Connecticut,  January  21,  1757,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1781. 
He  was  the  first  President  of  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Harvard,  and 
pronounced  the  first  oration  before  the 
same.  He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ; 
and  having  settled  in  Vermont,  was 
one  of  the  most  useful  pioneers  of  the 
new  State,  following  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  the  employments  of  far 
mer,  road-maker,  and  cloth  manufac 
turer.  In  1786  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  called  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution,  and  of  which  he  was 
Secretary.  In  1787  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  so  continued 
until  1791,  when  he  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was  one  of 
the  Commissioners  to  settle  the  contro 
versy  between  Vermont  and  New  York 
in  1789;  was  a  Trustee  of  Dartmouth 
College  ;  President  of  the  Vermont  Colo 
nization  Society  ;  a  pecuniary  benefactor 
to  the  University  of  Vermont  ;  received 
from  Harvard  College  the  degree  of 
LL.D.,  and  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Scien 
ces,  and  an  honorary  member  of  several 
other  literary  institutions.  He  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1795  to  1801.  In  1801  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President,  Adams,  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  Vermont,  which 
ofiice  he  held  till  within  a  month  of  his 
death,  when  he  resigned.  He  died  at 
Williamstown,  Vermont,  April  21,  1842. 

Paine,  Robert  T.—  He  was  born 
in  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1855  to  1857. 

Palen,  Rufus.  —  He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Palfrey,  John  G.  —  Born  in  Bos 
ton,  May  2,  1795.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  at  Exeter  Academy,  and  gradu 


ated  at  Harvard  in  1815 ;  he  studied 
theology,  and  was  ordained  a  Unitarian 
preacher  in  1818  ;  he  was  subsequently, 
for  a  number  of  years,  editor  of  the 
North  American  Review;  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  before  the  Lowell  In 
stitute  ;  during  the  years  1842  and  1843, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Court ; 
was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Common 
wealth  of  Massachusetts  ;  and  he  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1847  to  1849. 
His  published  writings  are  numerous, 
chiefly  of  a  theological  and  political 
character.  His  last  work  is  a  History 
of  New  England. 

Palmer,  Seriah. — Born  in  New 
York  ;  served  four  years  in  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York,  from  Saratoga  County ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1803  to  1805. 

Palmer,    George    W. —  Born   in 

Hoosick,  Rensselaer  County,  New  York, 
January  13,  1818 ;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law ;  was  Surrogate  of  Clinton 
County  from  1843  to  1847 ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  New  York,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Post-office  Department.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Expenditures.  He  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1864. 

Palmer,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Hoosick,  Rensselaer  County,  New  York, 
in  1785;  received  a  good  education, 
and  studied  law,  and  having  settled  in 
Plattsburg,  Clinton  County,  in  1810, 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  Chan 
cellor  Walworth,  which  continued  until 
1820.  He  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  Congress,  in  1817,  but  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term,  he  was  chosen 
District  Attorney  for  Clinton  County, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  until  1831, 
and  during  that  year  he  was  made  the 
first  Judge  of  said  county,  and  held 
the  office  until  1836.  He  was  again 
elected  to  Congress  in  1837,  and  served 
one  term.  He  died  of  consumption,  at 
St.  Bartholomew,  West  Indies,  Decem 
ber  8,  1840. 

Palmer,  William  A.— He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1818  to  1825.  He  was  also  a  mem-  • 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


283 


ber  of  the  Vermont  Legislature  for  six 
years  ;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
1816  ;  Governor  of  Vermont  from  1831 
to  1835 ;  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Conventions  of  1828  and  1836  ;  Judge  of 
Probate  and  of  the  County  Court ;  two 
years  a  State  Senator ;  and  for  eight 
years  Clerk  of  the  Courts.  Died  at 
Danville,  Vermont,  at  an  advanced  age, 
in  December,  1860. 

Parish,  Isaac, — He  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847. 

Parke,  Benjamin. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  born  in 
1777 ;  he  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
to  the  Western  territory,  and  settled  in 
that  portion  which  now  forms  the  State 
of  Indiana,  in  1800.  From  1805  to 
1808  he  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  that  Territory,  and  was  soon  after 
appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Judge 
of  the  District  Court,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Salem,  Indiana,  July  12, 1835.  He  was 
at  one  time  President  of  the  State  His 
torical  Society. 

Parker,  Amasa  J. — Born  in  1807, 
at  Sharon,  Connecticut,  and  graduat 
ed  at  Union  College,  New  York.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Delhi, 
New  York,  in  October,  1828.  In  1833 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1835  was  cho 
sen  a  Regent  of  the  University.  From 
1837  to  1839  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  in  1844  he  was  appointed 
a  Circuit  Judge  and  Vice-Chancellor  of 
the  Court  of  Equity.  Soon  after  the 
adoption  of  a  new  State  Constitution, 
he  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York.  In  1859  he  was 
appointed  United  States  Attorney  for 
the  District  of  New  York.  He  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1864. 

Parker,  Andreiv. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Parker,  Isaac. — Born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  June  17,  1768,  and  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1786.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  atCastine, 
in  the  District  of  Maine,  and  was  elected 


to  Congress,  serving  as  Representative, 
from  1797  to  1799.  He  was  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  Marshal  for  the 
District  of  Maine,  which  office  he  held 
till  1801.  He  afterwards  removed  to 
Portland,  and  in  1806  was  chosen  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in 
1814  Chief  Justice,  which  position  he 
occupied  for  sixteen  years.  In  1820  he 
was  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Con 
vention  for  the  revision  of  the  Constitu 
tion,  and  for  several  years  he  was  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Harvard  University. 
He  was  a  distinguished  scholar  and 
friend  of  literature,  and  for  eleven  years 
was  a  Trustee  of  Bowdoin  College,  and 
for  twenty  years  an  Overseer  of  Har 
vard.  He  died  in  Boston,  May  26, 1830. 

Parker,  James. — He  was  born  in 
the  Township  of  Bethlehem,  Hunterdon 
County,  New  Jersey,  March  1,  1776. 
He  was  a  student  in  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  and  graduated  in  1793;  he 
entered  the  counting-house  of  a  mer 
chant  in  New  York,  and  remained  there 
until  1797,  when  he  settled  in  Perth 
Amboy,  where  he  has  since  resided;  he 
was  for  a  few  years  engaged  in  trade ; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Legis 
lature  in  1806,  1807,  1808,  1809,  1810, 
1812,  1813,  1815,  1816,  1818,  and  1827,— 
in  all  eleven  years ;  was  a  Jackson  Elec 
tor  in  1824;  Collector  of  the  Customs  at 
Perth  Amboy,  from  1829  to  1833;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1837.  He  also  served  as  one  of 
the  Commissioners,  on  the  part  of  New 
Jersey,  to  settle  the  boundary  and  juris 
diction  between  New  York  and  New 
Jersey,  at  the  different  periods  of  1807, 
1827,  and  1833,  obtaining  an  agreement 
during  the  year  last  named  ;  and  he  was 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  the  State  in  1844.  Mr.  Parker 
is  still  living,  in  the  enjoyment  of  a 
pleasant  home  and  troops  of  friends. 

Parker,  James. — A  native  of  Bos 
ton,  Massachusetts;  was  a  physician  by 
profession ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1813 
to  1815,  and  from  1819  to  1821.  He  was 
for  fifty  years  a  resident  of.  Gardiner, 
Maine,  where  he  died,  November  9, 
1837,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Parker,  John  M. — Born  in  Gran- 
ville,  Washington  County,  New  York, 
June  14, 1805;  graduated  at  Middlebury 
College,  Vermont,  in  1828 ;  was  a  lawyer 


284 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


by  profession,  and  a  Kepresentative  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  New 
York,  serving  on  the  Committees  of 
Public  Expenditures  and  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

Parker,  Josiah. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1789  to  1801. 

Parker,  Nahum. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1807  to  1810,  having  also  held  the 
positions  of  State  Councillor  from  1805 
to  1807,  President  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1828,  and  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  for  Hillsborough  County, 
from  1822  to  1825.  Resigned  his  seat  in 
the  Senate,  June,  1860. 

Parker,  Richard. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Parker,  Richard  E.  —  Born  in 

1777  ;  in  early  life  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Delegates  ;  for  many 
years  a  Judge  of  the  General  and  Cir 
cuit  Courts  of  Virginia ;  also,  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  ;  and 
for  a  brief  period,  from  1836  to  1837,  a 
Senator  in  Congress.  He  died  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  November,  1840. 

Parker,  Samuel  W. — He  was  born 
in  Jefferson  County,  New  York,  Sep 
tember  9,  1805  ;  graduated  at  the  Miami 
University,  in  Ohio,  in  1828 ;  settled  in 
Indiana,  and,  while  studying  law,  taught 
school  and  edited  a  newspaper  ;  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831  ;  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  1836,  where  he 
served  five  years;  and  was  two  years 
Attorney  for  the  State.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1851  to  1855;  he  was,  in  1846,  Pre 
sident  of  the  White  Water  Canal  Com 
pany,  the  charter  for  which  he  had 
passed  by  the  Legislature;  in  1844  he 
was  a  Clay  Elector,  and  in  1856  an  Elec 
tor  for  Fremont ;  and,  at  the  present 
time,  is  President  of  the  Junction  Rail 
way  Company  of  Indiana,  where  he 
resides,  chiefly  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits. 

Parker,  Severn  E. — He  was  born 
in  Northampton  County,  Virginia,  and 
was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Legislature,  an  eminent  lawyer, 


and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821.  He  died,  October  21, 1836, 
in  Northampton  County,  Virginia. 

Parks,  Gorham. —He  was  born 
in  the  western  part  of  Massachusetts  in 
1793;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  commenced  practice  at  Bangor ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1833  to  1837.  From  1838 
to  1841  he  was  United  States  Marshal 
for  the  District  of  Maine  ;  from  1843  to 
1845,  United  States  Attorney;  and  from 
1845  to  1849,  United  States  Consul  at 
Rio  Janeiro. 

Parmenter,  William.  —  He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1845.  He  was  also 
a  State  Senator  in  1836;  and  Naval 
Officer  at  Boston,  from  1845  to  1849. 

Parris,  Albion  K. — He  was  born 
in  Hebron,  Oxford  County,  Maine,  Ja 
nuary  19, 1788 ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1806;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  in  1811  he 
was  appointed  Attorney  for  Oxford 
County  ;  in  1813  was  elected  to  the  Ge 
neral  Court ;  in  1814  was  chosen  a  State 
Senator ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1815,  and  again  in  1817; 
in  1816  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention ;  was  appoint 
ed  Judge  of  the  Federal  District  Court 
in  1818.  In  1819  he  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Convention  for  framing  a  Con 
stitution;  and  in  1820  was  appointed 
Judge  of  Probate  for  Cumberland  Coun 
ty.  He  was  five  times  elected  Governor 
of  Maine,  from  1822  to  1827;  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress  in  1827  and  1828;  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State  in  1828,  holding  the  office 
until  1836,  when  he  became  Second 
Comptroller  in  the  Federal  Treasury 
Department.  He  left  this  office  in  1850, 
and  returned  to  Portland,  of  which  city, 
in  1852,  he  was  elected  Mayor.  He  died 
in  Portland,  February  11,  1857. 

Parris,  Virgil  p.— Born  in  Maine ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  was  As 
sistant  Secretary  of  State  Senate  in  1831  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature, 
from  1833  to  1839 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1838  to 
1841 ;  a  State  Senator  in  1842  and  1843  ; 
United  States  Marshal  for  Maine,  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


285 


1844  to  1848;  United  States  Special 
Mail  Agent  from  1853  to  1856;  and 
subsequently  held  the  office  of  Naval 
Storekeeper  at  Kittery,  Maine.  When 
in  the  State  Senate  he  was  President  pro 
tern.,  and  for  a  short  time  acting  Go 
vernor  of  the  State. 

Parrott,  John  F. — He  was  a  mem 
ber,  in  1811,  of  the  New  Hampshire  Le 
gislature  ;  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1817  to 
1819;  and  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  1819  to  1825 ;  and  in  1826 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Ports 
mouth,  New  Hampshire.  He  died  in 
Greenland,  New  Hampshire,  July  9, 
1836,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Parrott,  Marcus    J. — Born   at 

Hamburg,  South  Carolina,  October  27, 
1828  ;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1849  ;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  having  studied  at  Cambridge ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature 
in  1853  and  1854 ;  and  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  Kansas  Territory.  Elected  also 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

Partridge,  George. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  College  in  1762 ;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  after  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution,  from  1789  to  1791. 
He  died  at  Duxbury,  Massachusetts, 
July  7,  1828,  aged  eighty-eight  years. 

Partridge,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  New  York ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Paterson,  If  rilliam.— Born  at  sea, 
of  Irish  parents,  in  1745.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  in  1763  ;  studied  law 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1769;  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  first  Constitution  of  New 
Jersey  in  1776;  from  that  time  until 
the  year  1786  he  was  Attorney-General 
of  the  State ;  and  was  one  of  the  first 
Senators  in  Congress,  from  1789  to  1790, 
when  he  resigned,  having  previously 
been  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  Federal  Constitution.  He 
was  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  from  1791 
to  1794,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  the 
President,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which  he 


held  until  his  death  in  1806.  In  1798 
and  1799  he  revised,  by  authority  of  the 
Legislature,  the  laws  of  New  Jersey,  a 
work  highly  esteemed  and  the  founda 
tion  of  the  jurisprudence  of  the  State. 
He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  and  Dartmouth. 

Paton,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1793  to  1794,  and  for  a  second  term 
from  1795  to  1797.  His  seat  was  success 
fully  contested  by  H.  Lattimer,  in  1794. 

Patterson,  John. — He  was  a  mem 
ber,  for  four  years,  of  the  Assembly  of 
New  York ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1803  to 
1805. 

Patterson,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Patterson,  J.  W. — He  was  born 
in  Henniker,  Merrimack  County,  New 
Hampshire,  July  2,  1823 ;  was  educated 
at  Dartmouth  College,  graduating;  in 
1848.  From  1854  to  1859  he  was  a  Pro 
fessor  of  Mathematics  in  Dartmouth 
College,  after  which  he  was  transferred 
to  the  chair  of  Professor  of  Astronomy 
and  Meteorology,  in  the  same  college, 
which  he  still  holds.  From  1858  to 
1861  he  wTas  School  Commissioner  for 
Grafton  County,  and  at  the  same  time 
was  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Educa 
tion  for  the  State.  In  1862  he  served 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  Hampshire, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department,  and  for  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Patterson,    Thomas.  —  He    was 

born  in  Lancaster  Coanty,  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1825. 

Patterson,  Thomas  J. — He  was 

born  in  New  York ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Patterson,  Walter. — He  was  born 
in  Columbia  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York,  in  1818,  from  Columbia  County  ; 


286 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1823. 

Patterson,    William.— He    was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  having  settled 
in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1838. 

Patterson,    William.  —  He   was 

born  in  Londonderry,  New  Hampshire, 
June  4,  1789  ;  removed  to  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1815,  and  subsequently  set 
tled  in  Warsaw,  G-enesee,now  Wyoming 
County.  He  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1837  to  1839,  but  died  before  the  expi 
ration  of  his  term,  at  Warsaw,  New 
York,  August  14,  1838. 

Patton,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Patton,  John  M. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia  ;  received  a  liberal  education, 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  in 
which  he  was  successful ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1830  to  1838.  He  died  in 
October,  1858,  in  the  sixty-second  year 
of  his  age.  He  was  for  some  years,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals. 

Pauldinq,  William.  —  Born  in 
Tarrytown,  Westchester  County,  New 
York,  in  1769  ;  was  educated  for  the 
law  and  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice 
in  New  York  City.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  New  York  Convention  for  re 
vising  the  State  Constitution  in  1821 ; 
and  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1811  to 
1813,  but  he  was  absent  from  his  seat 
during  the  sessfon  in  which  war  was  de 
clared,  and  served  as  General  of  mili 
tia  during  its  prosecution.  In  1823  he 
was  chosen  Mayor  of  New  York,  after 
which  he  held  no  public  office.  He 
died  at  Tarrytown,  February  11,  1854. 

Pawling,  J^evi. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Payne,  Winter  W. — He  was  born 
in  Warrenton,  Virginia,  which  he  left 
when  young,  and  was  a  Representative 


in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from  1841 
to  1847. 

Paynter,  Lemuel.  —  He  was  born 
in  Delaware,  and  on  removing  to  Penn 
sylvania,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

Pearce,  Dntee  J.  —  Born  in  Ports 
mouth,  Rhode  Island,  in  1789,  and  died 
at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  May  9, 
1849.  He  was  a  prominent  lawyer  ;  at 
one  time  Attorney-G-eneral  of  the  State, 
and  United  States  District  Attorney  for 
that  district,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1825 
to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1837. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  Univer 
sity,  and  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
Rhode  Island. 

Pearce.  James  A.  —  He  was  born 
in  Alexandria,  Virginia,  December  14, 
1805,  although  of  a  Maryland  family  by 
his  father's  side.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College,  with  the  first  honors, 
in  1822  ;  was  bred  to  the  law,  but  was 
much  engaged  in  the  pursuits  of  agri 
culture  ;  lie  was  a  member  of  the  Mary 
land  Legislature  in  1831  ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843  ;  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1862,  having  served  for  a  number  of 
years  as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Com 
mittee  on  the  Library.  He  also  held 
the  post  of  Professor  of  Law  in  Wash 
ington  College,  Chestertown,  and  was  a 
Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term 
commencing  March,  1863,  but  died  at 
Chestertown,  Maryland,  December  20, 
1862. 

Pearce,  John  J.  —  He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1855  to  1857. 

Pearson,  Joseph.  —  Born  in  Rowan 
County,  North  Carolina,  and  died  at 
Salisbury,  October  27,  1834.  He  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  served  two  years 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1809  to 
1815.  While  in  Congress  he  fought  a 
duel  with  the  Hon.  John  G-.  Jackson, 
the  result  of  a  political  quarrel. 


Peaslee,    Charles  If.  — 


was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


287 


born  in  Gilmanton,  New  Hampshire,  in 
February,  1804;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1824 ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1853.  He  was  also 
a  State  Representative  from  1833  to 
1837;  Adjutant-General  of  the  State 
from  1839  to  1847 ;  and  Collector  of  Cus 
toms,  at  Boston,  from  1853  to  1857. 

Peck,  George  W. — He  was  born  in 

New  York  about  the  year  1818 ;  removed 
to  Michigan,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  that  State  in  1846  and 
1847,  serving  as  Speaker  during  the  lat 
ter  year  ;  was  afterwards  chosen  Secre 
tary  of  State  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Michigan,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Peck,  Jared  V. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

Peck,  Lucius  J5. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1851.  From  1853  to  1857  he  was  United 
States  Attorney  for  Vermont. 

Peck,  Luther  C.— He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

Peckham,  Huftis  W. — He   was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Peek,  Hermanns. — He  was  born 

in  Albany,  New  York,  and  was  for  two 
years  a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly,  from  Schenectady  County,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Pegrain,  John. — He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1818  to 
1819. 

Pelton,  Guy  K. — Born  at  Great 
Barrington,  Berkshire  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  August  3,  1825.  His  tastes, 
from  early  boyhood,  had  inclined  him 
to  the  study  of  law,  but  it  was  not  until 
he  had  attained  his  twentieth  year  that 
he  was  enabled  to  prosecute  his  plans 
for  a  professional  life,  having  previously 


to  that  time  remained  upon  the  home 
stead  farm  with  his  father.  He  spent 
two  years  in  the  academy  of  his  native 
town,  and  three  years  in  the  Connecti 
cut  Literary  Institute,  after  which  he 
devoted  one  year  to  teaching  at  Lee, 
Massachusetts,  and  at  Dover  Plains, 
New  York,  employing  his  leisure  in 
reading  elementary  works  on  law.  He 
then  entered  a  law  office  at  Kinderhook, 
and  completed  his  studies,  being  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1850.  In  1851  he 
opened  a  law  office  in  New  York  City, 
and  in  1854  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
after  which  he  returned  to  New  York, 
and  resumed  his  professional  labors. 

Pendleton,   Edmund   H.  —  He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Pendleton,  George  H. — Born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July  25,  1825;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  of  Ohio  in  1854  and 
1855 ;  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  Thirty- 
sixth,  and  Thirty-seventh  Congresses, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Affairs  during  each  term. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means.  His  father,  Na 
thaniel  Greene  Pendleton,  was  also  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress.  In  1864  he 
was  nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  on  the 
ticket  with  George  B.  McClellan. 

Pendleton,  John  S. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia ;  in  1841  was  appointed 
Charge"  d'Affaires  to  the  Republic  of 
Chili ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 

Pendleton,  Nathaniel  Greene. 

— Born  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  in  Au 
gust,  1793  ;  removed  with  his  father  to 
New  York  in  his  childhood ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Columbia  College ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  was  an  aid  to 
General  E.  P.  Gaines,  from  1813  to 
1815  ;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1818  ;  in  1825 
was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  and 
re-elected ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1841  to  1843, 
after  which  he  voluntarily  retired  from 
public  life.  He  was  a  man  of  high  cha- 


288 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


racter  and  uncommon  ability,  and  died 
in  Cincinnati,  June  16,  1861.  His  fa 
ther,  Nathaniel,  was  an  officer  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  a  Judge,  and  second 
of  General  Alexander  Hamilton  in  his 
duel  with  Aaron  Burr. 


Alexander   G.  —  He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and,  having  settled 
in  Louisiana,  was  elected  a  Represcnta- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Penniman,  Ebenezer  J.  —  He 

was  born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Michi 
gan,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Pennington?  Alexander  C.  M. 

—  He  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jer 
sey  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  was 
a  Representative'm  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1857.  He  also  served 
two  years  in  the  State  Legislature. 

Pennine/ton,  William.  —  He  was 

born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  1797  ; 
received  a  liberal  education,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law;  in  1837  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and 
annually  re-elected  until  1843,  acting 
at  the  same  time  as  Chancellor  of  the 
State,  ex  officio,  and  taking  a  prominent 
part  in  what  was  known  as  the  "  Broad 
Seal  Controversy.  "  By  President  Tay 
lor,  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  Min 
nesota  Territory,  and  by  President  Fill- 
more  a  Judge  to  settle  land  claims  in 
California,  both  of  which  positions  he 
declined  to  accept.  In  1858,  contrary 
to  his  wishes,  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  Jersey,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress  ;  and  after  the 
lapse  of  two  months  after  taking  his 
seat,  he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Died  at  New 
ark,  New  Jersey,  February  16,  1862. 
He  had  been  indisposed,  and  having 
taken  an  overdose  of  morphine  for 
some  other  medicine,  died  from  its 
effects. 

Pennybacker,  Isaac  S.  —  Born  in 

1806,  in  Shenandoah  County,  Virginia  ; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1837  to 
1839  ;  and  then  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  Western  Virginia  ;  and  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1851. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  January  12,  1847. 


Perea,  Francisco. — Was  born  in 
Zadillas,  County  of  Bernalillo,  New 
Mexico,  January  9,  1831,  and  in  1863 
he  was  elected  a  Delegate,  from  New 
Mexico,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Perham,  Sidney. — Was  born  in 
Woodstock,  Oxford  County,  Maine, 
March  27,  1819  ;  until  his  thirty-fourth 
year  he  followed  the  double  occupation 
of  farmer  and  teacher ;  in  1852  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Maine  Board  of 
Agriculture,  which  position  he  held  for 
two  years  ;  in  1855  he  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  officiated  as 
Speaker  ;  in  1856  he  was  a  Presidential 
Elector ;  in  1858  was  elected  County 
Clerk  for  Oxford  County,  and  re-elected 
in  1861  ;  and  in  1862  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Maine,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Agriculture,  and  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Perkins,  Bishop. — He  was  born 

in  New  Hampshire,  and  having  settled 
in  New  York,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Perkins.  Elias. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1801  to  1803,  having  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1786.  He  died  in  1845. 

Perkins,  Jared. — He  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853.  He  also  held  the  position 
of  State  Councillor  from  1846  to  1849; 
State  Representative  in  1850  ;  and  died 
at  Nashua,  October  14,  1854. 

Perkins,  John,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Louisiana,  July  1,  1819.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1840,  and  sub 
sequently  at  the  Law  School  of  Harvard 
College ;  he  settled  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  New  Orleans,  but  his 
health  compelled  him  to  travel  in  Eu 
rope ;  on  his  return,  in  1851,  he  was 
chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Louisiana,  which  position  he  held  until 
elected  to  Congress,  in  1853,  where  he 
advocated  Democratic  measures,  and  re 
mained  until  1855,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  He  is  now 
devoted  to  planting  in  Louisiana. 

Perrill,  Augustus  L.—H-Q  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


289 


tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 

1845  to  1847. 

Perry,  John  «/. — He  was  born  in 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  August 
2,  1811,  but  when  a  child  removed  with 
his  father,  Kev.  Daniel  Perry,  to  Ox 
ford,  Maine ;  he  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  of  his  own  accord 
spent  three  years  at  the  ' '  Maine  Wes- 
leyan  Seminary,"  paying  for  his  tuition 
by  laboring  on  the  farm  belonging  to 
the  institution,  and  also  by  teaching 
school  in  the  winter.  Having  spent 
three  years  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits,  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  law ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Oxford  in 
1844,  where  he  has  practised  his  profes 
sion  ever  since.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1839,  1842,  and 
1843 ;  was  afterwards  for  seven  years 
Major-General  of  the  Maine  militia  ;  in 

1846  and  1847  he  was  elected   to   the 
State  Senate;  in   1854  he  was   elected 
Clerk  of  the  Maine  House  of  Represen 
tatives  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1855  to   1857.     Of  late 
years  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
press,  as  editor  of  the  "  Oxford  Demo 
crat,  ' '  a  paper  published  at  Paris,  Maine ; 
and  he  was  also  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories.     He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Perry,  Nehemiah. — He  was  born 
at  Ridgefleld,  Connecticut,  March  30, 
1816  ;  received  a  good  education  at  the 
West  Lane  Seminary ;  has  been  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  cloth  and  clothing  busi 
ness  ;  was  for  many  years  the  presiding 
member  of  the  Common  Council  of  New 
ark,  New  Jersey  ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  Jersey,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Claims,  and  Expendi 
tures  on  Public  Buildings.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Perry,  Thomas. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

Peter,  George. — Born  in  George 
town,  Montgomery  County,  Maryland 
(now  District  of  Columbia),  September 


28,  1779.  He  was  educated  at  private 
institutions  and  Georgetown  College ; 
entered  the  United  States  Army  in  1799, 
and  resigned  in  1809  ;  served  as  a  Major 
of  volunteers  during  the  war  of  1812 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1816  to  1819,  and  again  from  1825  to 
1827  ;  was  elected  twice  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  and  also  served  the  public  as 
Commissioner  of  Public  "Works  for  the 
State  of  Maryland. 

Petrie,  George. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Petriken,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  January  3, 
1849. 

Pettigrew,  Ebenezer. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1835  to  1837,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses 
in  the  Navy  Department. 

Pettis,  Spencer. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  educated  a  lawyer,  and, 
on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Missouri, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  where  he  served  from  1829  to 
1831.  Died  August  26, 1831,  aged  twen 
ty-nine  years,  having  fallen  in  a  duel 
with  Major  Thomas  Biddle  at  St.  Louis. 

Pettit,  John.— Born  at  Sackett's 
Harbor,  Jefferson  County,  New  York, 
July  24,  1807  ;  he  received  a  good  edu 
cation,  and  studied  law,  and  removed 
to  Lafayette,  Indiana,  in  1831,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  United  States 
District  Attorney,  and  served  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1847,  and  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  1853  to  1855.  In 
1850  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention,  and  has  twice 
held  the  office  of  Circuit  Judge  ;  and  in 
1859  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Federal 
Courts  of  Kansas.  He  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Pettit,  John  77. — He  was  born  in 
New  York;  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  in  1839;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 


290 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


W abash,  Indiana,  in  1841.  He  went 
as  United  States  Consul  to  Maraiiham, 
Brazil,  in  1850;  and  on  his  return,  in 
1853,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Tip 
per  Wabash  Circuit  Court  of  Indiana; 
and  was  elected  to  Congress,  as  a  Re 
presentative  of  that  State,  in  1854  ;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Library 
Committee. 

Peyton,  Bailie. — He  was  born  in 
Sumner  County,  Tennessee,  received  a 
liberal  education,  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law;  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1837;  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Chili ;  was 
subsequently  elected  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Louisiana  ;  was  for  a 
time  settled  at  San  Francisco,  Califor 
nia,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
but  is  now  residing  in  his  native  State. 

Peyton,  Joseph  H.— Born  in  Sum 
ner  County,  Tennessee,  in  1813 ;  was 
frequently  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ten 
nessee  ;  held  many  other  local  positions 
of  high  character  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  received  a  medical  education,  but 
abandoned  that  profession  for  politics. 
Died  in  October,  1845,  having  been  re- 
elected  to  Congress. 

Peyton,  Samuel  O. — Born  in  Bul- 
litt  County,  Kentucky,  in  1804;  received 
a  good  common  school  education ;  settled 
in  Hartford  and  devoted  two  years  to 
the  duties  of  a  clerk  ;  studied  medicine, 
and  graduated  at  Transylvania  Univer 
sity  in  1827  ;  in  1835  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1847  to  1849 ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gresses,  serving  during  his  last  term  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Phelps,  Elisha. — He  was  a  native 
of  Simsbury,  Connecticut ;  born  in  No 
vember,  1779;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1800,  and  studied  law  at  Litch- 
field.  He  was  several  times  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  of 
the  Senate  of  his  native  State.  He  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 


in  the  Legislature  in  1821  and  1829;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  also 
from  1825  to  1829 ;  was  Comptroller 
of  the  State  from  1830  to  1834,  and  in 
1835  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  to  revise  the  statutes  of  Connec 
ticut.  He  died  at  Simsbury,  in  April, 
1847. 

Phelps,  John  Smith.  —  He  was 

born  in  Simsbury,  Hartford  County, 
Connecticut,  December  22,  1814 ;  was 
educated  at  Washington  (now  Trinity) 
College,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  stu 
died  law  in  the  ofiice  of  his  father,  Elisha 
Phelps.  He  practised  law  a  short  time 
in  his  native  State,  and  in  1837  emigra 
ted  to  Missouri,  and  settled  at  Spring 
field,  Greene  County,  near  which  town 
he  now  resides.  In  1840  he  was  chosen 
by  the  people  of  Greene  County  to  re 
present  them  in  the  Legislature ;  and 
having  been  appointed  Brigade  Inspec 
tor  of  militia  in  1841  he  has  since  borne 
the  title  of  Major.  In  1844  he  was  elect 
ed  Representative  to  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  in  that  position  until 
the  close  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 
He  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress.  He  served  as  a  Colonel 
of  volunteers  in  1861,  and  in  1862  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln  Military 
Governor  of  Arkansas.  He  was  during 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means, 
and  has  generally  served  on  important 
committees. 

Phelps,  Launcelot. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1839. 

Phelps,  Oliver. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1803  to  1805,  and  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  of  that  State,  from  Ontario 
County,  in  1834. 

Phelps,  Samuel  S. — He  was  born 
inLitchfield,  Connecticut,  May  13, 1793, 
and  died  March  25, 1855,  in  Middlebury, 
Vermont.  He  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1811,  and  while  studying  law,  in 
1812,  he  entered  the  American  army, 
and  before  the  close  of  his  military  ca 
reer  was  appointed  Paymaster.  He  set 
tled  in  Middlebury,  and  practised  law. 
In  1827  he  was  member  of  the  Council 
of  Censors,  and  wrote  the  address  issued 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


291 


by  that  body.  In  1831  he  was  chosen 
a  "member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 
Vermont,  and  was  soon  afterwards  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State,  in  which  position  he  remain 
ed  until  1838.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1839  to  1854,  in  which 
body  he  displayed  abilities  of  a  high 
order. 

Phelps,  Timothy  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  removing  to  Califor 
nia  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress. 

Phelps,    William    W.  —  He  was 

born  in  Oakland  County,  Michigan, 
June  1,  1826;  he  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan  in  1846  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1848;  and  edited  a  Democratic  news 
paper,  in  Oakland  County,  from  1851 
to  1855.  In  1852  and  1853  he  held  the 
office  of  Commissioner  for  his  native 
county,  performing  the  duties  of  Judge 
at  chambers;  in  1854  was  appointed,  by 
President  Pierce,  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  at  Red  Wing,  in  Min 
nesota  ;  and  in  1857  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage.  In 
1860  he  assumed  the  editorship  of  the 
Red  Wing  Sentinel. 

Phillips,   Henry  M.  —  He   was 

born  in  Pennsylvania ;  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Finance. 

Phillips,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress , from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1821  to  1823. 

Phillips,  Philip.  —  He  was  born 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  Decem 
ber  13,  1807,  and  was  educated  at  the 
Norwich  Military  Academy,  in  Ver 
mont,  and  at  Middletown,  Connecticut. 
In  1825  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  Charleston,  and  on  the  day  after 
attaining  his  majority  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  entered  public  life  by 
becoming  a  member  of  the  Nullification 
Convention  in  1832,  and  voted  with  the 
minority ;  in  1834  he  was  elected,  for 
two  years,  to  the  State  Legislature ;  in 
1835  he  resigned;  removed  to  Mobile, 


Alabama,  and  practised  his  profession 
with  success  ;  in  1837  was  elected  Pre 
sident  of  the  Alabama  Democratic  State 
Convention ;  in  1844  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Federal  Relations;  in 
1849  was  President  of  an  Internal  Im 
provement  Convention ;  in  1851  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  in  1852 
went  to  the  Baltimore  Convention;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1853  to  1855,  and  declin 
ed  a  re-election.  Since  that  time  he  has 
practised  his  profession  in  Washington 
City. 

Phillips,  Stephen  Clarendon.— 

He  was  born  in  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
November  1,  1801 ;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1819,  with  high  honors; 
began  to  study  law,  but  soon  became  a 
merchant.  From  1824  to  1829,  by  an 
nual  re-elections,  he  was  chosen  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  State  Legislature 
from  Salem  ;  from  1830  to  1831  he  was 
State  Senator,  and  in  1832  and  1833  was 
again  a  member  of  the  House.  From 
1834  to  1838  he  worthily  represented 
Massachusetts  in  Congress..  From  De 
cember,  1838,  to  March,  1842,  he  was 
Mayor  of  Salem,  and  upon  his  volun 
tary  retirement  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
salary  as  Mayor  to  the  public  schools  of 
the  city.  In  1840  he  was  one  of  the 
Presidential  Electors  for  Massachusetts, 
and  in  1848  and  1849  was  the  Free-soil 
candidate  for  Governor.  He  held  va 
rious  State  and  private  trusts,  in  the 
discharge  of  which,  by  his  ability,  sa 
gacity,  experience,  and  integrity,  he 
rendered  signal  service.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  State 
Lunatic  Hospital  at  Worcester.  He 
retired  from  public  life  in  1849,  and  was 
extensively  engaged  in  the  lumbering 
business.  He  was  lost  by  the  burning 
of  the  steamer  Montreal,  on  the  St. 
Lawrence  River,  June  26,  1857,  while 
returning  from  Quebec,  whither  he  had 
been  on  business  to  Three  Rivers,  the 
head-quarters  of  his  operations  in  Ca 
nada. 

Philson,  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Donegal,  Ireland,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1819  to  1821. 

Phffinix,   J.   Phillips.— Re  was 

born  in  Morristown,  New  Jersey  ;  was 


292 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


for  many  years  a  leading  merchant  in 
New  York  City ;  served  several  years 
in  the  Councils  of  the  city ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
I  ork,  from  1843  to  1845 ;  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly  in  1848,  from  New 
York  City  ;  and  again  in  Congress,  from 
1849  to  1851,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Commerce.  Died 
suddenly  in  New  York,  May  4,  1859,  at 
an  advanced  age. 

Pickens,  Andrew. — He  was  born 
at  Paxton,  Pennsylvania,  September 
19,  1789,  and  removed  with  his  father, 
in  1752,  to  the  Waxsaw  Settlement,  in 
South  Carolina;  he  served  as  a  volun 
teer  in  Grant's  expedition  against  the 
Cherokees,  and  was  an  active  military 
partisan  during  the  Revolution.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
from  the  close  of  the  war  until  1793, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1793  to  1795.  In 
1795  he  was  commissioned  Major-Gene- 
ral  of  the  South  Carolina  militia,  and 
was  frequently  a  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Indians.  It  was  his  son  and 
not  himself  who  was  Governor  of  the 
State,  from  1816  to  1817.  He  died  in 
Pendleton  District,  South  Carolina, 
August  17,  1817. 

Pickens,   Francis    W. — He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1845.  In  1858  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Buchanan 
Minister  to  Russia ;  and  in  December, 
1860,  was  elected  Governor  of  South 
Carolina. 

Pickens,  Israel. — Born  in  Cabar- 

rus  County,  North  Carolina ;  served 
one  year  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  was 
a  Representative,  from  that  State,  in 
Congress,  from  1811  to  1817,  in  which 
year  he  was  appointed  Register  of  the 
Land-office  of  Mississippi  Territory ; 
on  removing  to  Alabama,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  that  State,  in  1821,  and  in 
1826  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama. 

Pickering,  Timothy. — Was  born 
in  Salem,  Massachusetts,  July  17,  1745; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1763, 
and  after  the  usual  course  of  professional 
studies,  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of 
law.  "When  the  dissensions  between 
the  mother  country  and  our  own  com 


menced,  he  soon  became  the  champion 
and  leader  of  the  Whigs  of  the  quarter 
where  he  lived.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  of  Inspection  and  Cor 
respondence,  and  bore  the  entire  bur 
den  of  writing.  The  addresses  which, 
in  1774,  the  inhabitants  of  Salem,  in 
full  town  meeting,  voted  to  Governor 
Gage,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Boston 
Port-bill,  proceeded  from  his  pen.  A 
part  of  it,  disclaiming  any  wish  on  the 
part  of  the  inhabitants  of  Salem  to  pro 
fit  by  the  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston, 
is  quoted  by  Dr*  Ramsay,  in  his  History 
of  the  American  Revolution.  In  April, 
1775,  on  receiving  intelligence  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  he  marched  with 
the  regiment  of  which  he  was  at  the 
time  commander,  to  Charlestown,  but 
had  not  an  opportunity  of  coming  to 
action.  Before  the  close  of  the  same 
year,  when  the  provisional  government 
was  organizing,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  Essex,  his  native  county ;  and 
sole  Judge  of  the  Maritime  Court  (which 
had  cognizance  of  all  prize  causes)  for 
the  Middle  District,  comprehending 
Boston,  with  Salem  and  the  other  ports 
in  Essex.  These  offices  he  held  until  he 
accepted  an  appointment  in  the  army. 
In  1777  he  was  named  Adjutant-Gene 
ral,  by  Washington,  and  joined  the 
army,  then  at  Middlebrook,  New  Jersey. 
He  continued  with  the  Commander-in- 
chief  until  the  American  forces  went 
into  winter  quarters  at  Valley  Forge, 
having  been  present  at  the  battles  of 
Brandywine  and  Germantown.  He  then 
proceeded  to  discharge  the  duties  of  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Board  of 
War,  to  which  he  had  been  elected  by 
Congress,  then  sitting  at  York,  Penn 
sylvania.  In  this  station  he  remained 
until  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  Gene 
ral  Greene  in  the  office  of  Quartermas 
ter-General,  which  he  retained  during 
the  residue  of  the  war,  and  in  which  he 
contributed  much  to  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis  at  Yorktown.  From  1790 
to  1794  he  was  charged,  by  President 
Washington,  with  several  negotiations 
with  the  Indian  nations  on  our  frontiers. 
In  1791  he  was  also  made  Postmaster- 
General ;  and  in  1794  removed  from 
that  station  to  the  Secretaryship  of  War, 
on  the  resignation  of  General  Knox.  In 
1795  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State 
in  the  place  of  Mr.  Randolph.  From 
that  office  he  was  removed,  by  Presi 
dent  Adams,  in  1800.  At  the  end  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


293 


year  1801  he  returned  to  Massachusetts. 
In  1803  the  Legislature  of  that  State 
chose  him  a  Senator  to  Congress,  for  the 
residue  of  the  term  of  Dwight  Foster, 
who  had  resigned ;  and  in  1805  re-elected 
him  to  the  same  station  for  the  term  of 
six  years.  After  its  expiration,  in  1811, 
he  was  chosen,  by  the  Legislature,  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and 
during  the  war  of  1812  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  War  for  the 
defence  of  the  State.  In  1814  he  was 
returned  to  Congress,  and  held  his  seat 
until  March,  1817.  He  then  finally  re 
tired  to  private  life.  His  death  took 
place  January  29, 1829.  In  his  manners, 
Colonel  Pickering  was  plain  and  unas 
suming.  In  public  life  he  was  distin 
guished  for  energy,  ability,  and  disin 
terestedness  ;  as  a  soldier  he  was  brave 
and  patriotic ;  and  his  writings  bear 
ample  testimony  to  his  talents  and  in 
formation.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders 
of  the  Federal  party  of  the  United 
States. 

Pickman,  Benjamin. — He  was 

born  in  1763  ;  graduated  at  Cambridge 
in  1784 ;  visited  Europe,  and  on  his  re 
turn  studied  law,  and,  though  admitted 
to  the  bar,  abandoned  that  profession, 
devoting  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits. 
In  1800  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  re-elected  a  number  of 
years  to  the  State  Senate ;  in  1807  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1809  to  1811  ;  and  in  1820 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for 
revising  the  State  Constitution.  He 
also  held  many  other  offices  of  trust  and 
honor,  and  died  at  Salem,  Massachu 
setts,  in  August,  1843. 

fierce.  Franklin. — Was  born  in 
the  town  of  Hillsborough,  Is  ew  Hamp 
shire,  in  1804,  and,  after  completing  his 
academical  studies,  entered  Bowdoin 
College,  Maine.  On  leaving  college  he 
commenced  his  legal  studies  at  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  but  subsequent 
ly  returned  to  his  native  State,  and 
finished  his  studies  at  Amherst.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  his  native  town  ;  but  before  the  end 
of  two  years  he  was  elected  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
during  his  second  year's  service  was 
chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1833 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  re 


mained  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives  four  years.  In  1837  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  but,  after  five  years'  ser 
vice  in  that  body,  resigned  his  seat. 
He  settled  in  Concord,  and  resumed  his 
practice  at  the  bar.  He  adhered  to  his 
resolution  of  accepting  no  political  office, 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  Governor 
of  the  State,  or  United  States  Senator, 
and  refused  the  offices  of  Attorney-Ge 
neral  and  Secretary  of  War,  which  were 
tendered  him  by  President  Polk.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  war, 
however,  he  enrolled  himself  as  a  pri 
vate  soldier  in  the  New  England  Regi 
ment,  but  President  Polk  sent  him  a 
Colonel's  commission,  and  subsequently 
raised  him  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General  in  March,  1847.  He  was  in 
most  of  the  battles  which  were  fought 
between  Yera  Cruz  and  the  city  of 
Mexico.  On  the  restoration  of  peace 
between  the  two  countries,  he  resigned 
his  commission,  and  returned  home, 
where  he  remained,  comparatively  un 
observed,  until  the  action  of  the  Balti 
more  Democratic  Convention  gave  him 
a  new  importance  throughout  the  Union. 
He  was  nominated  by  that  body  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  the  Presi 
dency.  He  was  elected  President  of 
the  United  States  in  November,  1852, 
was  inaugurated  March  4,  1853,  and 
served  to  the  end  of  his  term,  after  which 
he  retired  to  private  life.  The  best  bio 
graphy  of  him  was  written  by  his  per 
sonal  friend,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 

Fierce,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  during  the  years  1801  and  1802. 

Pier  son,  Isaac.  —  He  was  born 
August  15,  1770,  and  died  September 
22,  1833,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Princeton  College,  graduating 
in  1789,  and  was  subsequently  a  Fellow 
of  the  College  of  Surgeons  and  Physi 
cians  of  New  York.  He  practised  medi 
cine  for  forty  years  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1827  to  1831. 

Pi-erson,  Jeremiah  H.— He  was 

born  in  Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1821  to  1823. 

Pierson,  Job. — He  was  a  Repre- 


.294 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1831  to  1835. 

Pierson,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1809  to  1815,  and  died 
October  27,  1834. 

Pike9  Frederick  A. — Born  in  Ca 
lais,  Maine,  where  he  has  always  re 
sided  ;  was  for  several  years  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Legislature,  serving  one 
term  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives.  He  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  and  was  for  several  years  attor 
ney  for  the  county  in  which  he  lived. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Maine,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Pike,  James.  —  He  was  born  in 
Salisbury,  Massachusetts,  in  November, 
1818  ;  was  educated  at  the  Wesleyan 
University,  in  Connecticut ;  was  a  mi 
nister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
from  1841  to  1854 ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  Hampshire, 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  011  Enrolled  Bills. 

Pilsbury,    Timothy.  —  He    was 

born  in  Newbury,  Massachusetts,  April 
12,  1789;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  spent  two  years  as  a  clerk 
in  a  store,  and  several  subsequent  years 
as  a  sailor  and  coasting  trader,  making 
one  trip  to  Europe  as  captain  of  a  brig ; 
settled  in  Maine,  and  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council;  also 
served  in  the  State  Legislature ;  went 
from  Maine  to  Ohio,  thence  to  Louisi 
ana,  and  finally  to  Texas ;  he  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  of  Texas;  and 
when  that  Republic  came  into  the  Union 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1846  to  1849.  He  died  near 
Danville,  Texas,  November  23,  1858. 

Pinckney,  diaries.  —  Born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1758; 
was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle  ;  was  taken  prisoner,  and  sent 
to  St.  Augustine,  Florida ;  served  in 
the  Provincial  Legislature  ;  was  a  mem 


ber  of  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1785; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Princeton  College  in  1787  ;  and  in  1787 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  President  of  the  State 
Convention  which  ratified  the  Federal 
Constitution ;  and  Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  from  1789  to  1792,  and  from 
1796  to  1798.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1798  to  1801,  and  was 
appointed  in  1802  Minister  to  Spain,- 
by  President  Jefferson,  holding  that 
position  till  1805.  He  was  subsequently 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821 ;  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1810  and  1812;  and  died 
October  29,  1824. 

Pinckney,  H.  L. — He  was  born  in 
South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1837.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Charleston  Mercury,  and  died  in 
Charleston,  February  3,  1863. 

Pinckney,  Thomas. — He  was   a 

soldier  of  the  American  Revolution  ; 
was  elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina 
in  1787;  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Great  Britain  by  Washington  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1799 
to  1801.  He  died  in  1828. 

Pindell,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1820. 

Pinkney,  William. — Born  in  An 
napolis,  Maryland,  March  17,  1765. 
Having  prepared  himself  for  the  bar, 
under  the  instruction  of  Judge  Chase, 
he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1786, 
and  immediately  gave  promise  of  high 
distinction.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  ratified  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and  from  1789  to  1792, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  ;  and 
then  a  member  of  the  Executive  Coun 
cil,  and  made  its  President.  In  1795 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture.  In  1796  he  was  a  Commissioner 
under  Jay's  treaty,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Gore,  and  remained  in  London 
eight  years.  He  recovered  for  Mary 
land  a  claim  on  the  Bank  of  England 
for  $800,000.  In  1806  he  was  Envoy 
Extraordinary  to  England,  and  in  1808, 
on  the  return  of  Mr.  Monroe,  was  made 
Minister  Plenipotentiary.  He  returned 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


295 


to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in 
Baltimore,  in  1811,  and  was  soon  after 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate.  In  De 
cember,  1811,  he  was  appointed  Attor 
ney-General,  and  remained  in  that  posi 
tion  until  1814.  He  commanded  a 
battalion  of  riflemen,  and  was  wounded 
at  Bladensburg,  in  August,  1814.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1815  to  1816,  and  then  made  Minister 
to  Eussia  and  Envoy  to  Naples.  On 
his  return  in  1819,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  continued  in  that  station  until  his 
death,  February  25, 1822.  He  possessed 
splendid  talents,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  accomplished  orators  and  states 
men  of  his  time. 

Piper 9  William. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1811  to  1819. 

Pitcher, Nathaniel.— He  was  born 
at  Litchfield,  Connecticut ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Legislature 
in  1806,  1815,  1816,  and  1817;  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1821 ;  at  one  time  Lieuten 
ant-Governor  and  acting  Governor  of 
the  State ;  at  another,  Commissioner 
to  survey  the  State  roads  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1819  to  1823,  and  again  from  1831 
to  1833. 

Pitkin,  Timothy.— Born  in  Farm- 
ington,  Connecticut,  in  1765,  and  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1785.  He 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  during  five  sessions,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1805  to 
1819.  In  1816  he  published  "A  Sta 
tistical  View  of  the  Commerce  of  the 
United  States,"  and  in  1828  his  "Poli 
tical  and  Civil  History  of  the  United 
States,  from  1763  to  the  close  of  Wash 
ington's  Administration."  He  died  in 
New  Haven,  December  18,  1847. 

Pitman,   Charles    W.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Plant,  David. — Was  a  native  of 
Stratford,  Connecticut,  and  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1804.  In  1819  and 
1820  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives ;  in  1821  a  member  of 


the  State  Senate,  and  was  twice  re- 
elected.  From  1823  to  1827  he  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  and 
from  1827  to  1829  a  Representative  in 
Congress.  He  died  October  18,  1851. 

Plater,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1801  to  1805. 

Plait,  Jonas. — Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  York*  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1799  to  1801,  and  died  in 
Peru,  Clinton  County,  New  York,  in 
1834. 

Pleasants,  James. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  1769,  and  died  in  Goochland 
County,  November  9,  1836.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1811 
to  1819,  United  States  Senator,  from 
1819  to  1822,  Governor  of  Virginia, 
from  1822  to  1825,  and  a  member  of  the 
Convention  of  1829-30  for  amending 
the  State  Constitution.  He  was  twice 
appointed  to  the  bench,  but  declined, 
from  a  distrust  of  his  own  qualifications. 
He  was  a  man  of  rare  modesty,  greatly 
respected  and  esteemed  for  public  and 
private  virtues. 

Plumer,  Arnold. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1839,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843. 

Plumer,   George. — He  was  born 

in  Alleghany  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Plumer,  William. — He  was  born 
at  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  June 
25,  1759 ;  received  a  good  education ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1787  ;  was  for  many  years  So 
licitor  for  the  County  of  Rockingham  ; 
he  was  for  eight  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  two  years  Speaker 
of  the  House  ;  served  as  a  member,  and 
President  of  the  State  Senate.  He  was 
also  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1813,  and  from  1816  to  1819  ;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1802  to  1807.  He  died  at  Epping, 
New  Hampshire,  December  22,  1850. 

Plumer,  William. — Born  in  Ep 
ping,  New  Hampshire,  in  1790,  and 
died,  September  18,  1854.  He  gradu- 


296 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ated  at  Cambridge  in  1809;  studied  law, 
but  never  practised  his  profession.  He 
frequently  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1819  to  1825,— his  father, 
whose  name  he  bore,  having  been  a 
United  States  Senator  in  1802,  from  the 
same  State.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  form  a  new  State 
Constitution,  in  1850. 

Plummer,  Franklin  E. — He  was 

at  one  time  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Mississippi,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1831  to  1838,  and  again  from  1833  to 
1835.  He  died  at  Jackson,  Mississippi, 
September  24,  1852. 

Poindexter,  George.— He >  was  the 

Second  Governor  of  Mississippi,  under 
the  State  Constitution,  from  1819  to 
1821 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory,  from  1807  to  1813,  when 
he  was  appointed  Federal  Judge  of  the 
Territory  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  United 
States  Senator,  from  Mississippi,  from 
1830  to  1835,  serving  for  a  time  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  He 
died  in  Jackson,  Mississippi,  September 
6,  1853. 

Poinsett,  Joel  R. — He  was  born 
in  Statesburg,  South  Carolina,  in  1779; 
spent  the  most  of  his  youth  in  travelling 
in  foreign  countries  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1821  to  1825 ;  was  appointed,  by 
President  John  Quincy  Adams,  United 
States  Minister  to  Mexico ;  he  was  Sec 
retary  of  War  under  President  Yan 
Buren ;  and  from  1840  until  his  death 
he  lived  in  retirement.  He  was  a  man 
of  letters,  and  among  other  things, 
wrote  an  interesting  book  on  Mexico. 
He  died  in  Statesburg,  South  Carolina, 
December  14,  1851. 

Polk,  James  Knox. — Born  in 
Mecklenburg  County,  North  Carolina, 
November  2,  1795 ;  removed  with  his 
father,  in  1806,  to  Tennessee,  and  lived 
in  the  valley  of  Duck  River,  a  branch 
of  the  Cumberland.  He  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in 
1815 ;  studied  law  in  Tennessee  with 
Felix  Grundy,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1820 ;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  Con 
gress,  from  1825  to  1839,  and  Speaker 


in  that  body  from  1835  to  1837 ;  and 
was  elected  Governor  of  Tennessee,  in 
1839,  for  two  years.  In  December, 
1844,  the  Electors  chose  him  President 
of  the  United  States  ;  and  during  his 
eventful  administration  the  Oregon  ques 
tion  was  settled,  Texas  annexed,  war 
with  Mexico  declared,  and  New  Mexico 
and  California  were  acquired.  He  died 
at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  June  15,  1849. 

PolJc,  Trusten. — He  was  born  in 
Sussex  County,  Delaware,  May  29, 1811 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1831 ;  stu 
died  law  at  the  Yale  Law  School ;  and 
in  1835  he  emigrated  to  Missouri,  where 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession.  In  1845,  while  absent  from 
Missouri  for  the  benefit  of  his  health, 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  called  to  remodel  the  State  Con 
stitution  ;  in  1856  he  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  Missouri,  and  inaugurated 
January,  1857,  but  soon  resigned  for  a 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  to 
which  he  was  elected  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  from  March  4,  1857.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  and  on  Claims. 

Polk,  William  H.— He  was  born 
in  Maury  County,  Tennessee,  May  24, 
1815  ;  educated  at  Chapel  Hill,  North 
Carolina,  and  the  University  of  Ten 
nessee  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1839  ;  in  1841  and  1843,  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler, 
Charge"  d'Affaires  to  Naples,  where  he 
negotiated  a  treaty  with  the  Two  Si 
cilies  ;  served  as  a  Major  of  dragoons  in 
the  Mexican  war  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Nashville  Convention,  in  1850 ;  arid  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1851  to  1853.  He  was  a 
brother  of  President  Polk,  and  opposed 
to  the  Great  Rebellion.  Died  at  Nash 
ville,  December  16,  1862. 

Pollock,  Jmnes. — He  was  born  in 

Pennsylvania ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1831 ;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1849;  and  Governor  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1855  to  1858.  Was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of 
1861. 

Pomeroy,  Samuel  C.— Was  born 
in  Southampton,  January  3, 1816;  spent 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


297 


his  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm  ;  after 
receiving  an  academic  education,  he 
entered  Amherst,  and  graduated  in 
1836;  spent  four  years  in  Onondaga, 
New  York  ;  returned  to  his  native  town, 
and  held  various  local  offices;  in  1851  he 
was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature  ;  in  1854  he  engaged  in  organiz 
ing  the  New  England  Emigrant  Aid 
Society,  and  became  its  financial  agent ; 
removed  to  Kansas  the  same  year,  and 
participated  in  its  affairs  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Territorial  Defence  Commit 
tee  ;  a  Delegate  to  the  Pittsburg  and 
Philadelphia  Conventions  in  1856  ;  also 
to  that  of  Chicago  in  1860.  During  the 
famine  in  Kansas  he  was  Chairman  of 
the  Kelief  Committee ;  and  in  1861  he 
took  his  seat  as  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Kansas,  for  six  years,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Claims, 
and  Territories. 

Pomeroy,  TJieodore  M.  —  Born 

in  Cayuga,  New  York,  December  81, 
1824  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  College  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Cayuga  County  from 
1850  to  1856 ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1857  ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Post-office  De 
partment,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Pond,  Benjamin.  —  He  served 
four  years  in  the  Assembly  of  New 
York,  from  Essex  County,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1811  to  1813. 

Pope,  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
Prince  William  County,  Virginia,  in 
1770.  Having  lost  one  arm  by  accident, 
he  determined  to  study  law,  and  attained 
eminence  at  the  bar ;  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  ;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1807 
to  1813,  officiating  for  a  time  as  Presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  that  body ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1837  to 
1843.  In  1829  he  was  appointed  Go 
vernor  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas, 
and  died  in  Kentucky,  July  12,  1845. 

Pope,  Nathaniel. — He  was  a  Dele 


gate  to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Illinois,  from  1816  to  1818,  in  which 
year  he  was  appointed  Register  of  the 
Land-office  in  Edwardsville,  Illinois; 
and  was  appointed,  in  1819,  Federal 
Judge  of  the  Illinois  District. 

Pope,  Patrick  H.  —  He  was  a  Re 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  died  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
in  May,  1841. 

Porter,  Albert  G.  —  Born  in  Law- 
renceburg,  Indiana,  April  20,  1824;  gra 
duated  at  the  Asbury  University  in 
1843  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845,  settling  at  Indianapolis; 
in  1853  he  was  appointed  Reporter  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Indiana,  publishing  five  volumes;  served 
two  terms  as  City  Attorney  of  Indiana 
polis  ;  was  twice  elected  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  ;  and  in  1858  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Judiciary  Committee.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  and 
on  Manufactures. 

Porter,  Alexander.  —  Born  in  Ire 
land  in  1786  ;  and  his  father  having 
fallen  a  victim  there»during  the  disturb 
ances  of  1798,  he  emigrated  to  America, 
and  settled  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  as  a 
clergyman.  He  soon  engaged  in  com 
merce,  but  afterwards  studied  law,  and 
removed  to  Louisiana  about  the  year 
1809,  where  he  soon  acquired  distinc 
tion.  He  assisted  in  forming  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  State,  and  became  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Louisi 
ana,  serving  as  such  for  fifteen  years  ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1837.  He  died  at  Attakapas, 
Louisiana,  January  13,  1844. 

Porter,   Augustus   S.  —  Born    in 

Canandaigua,  New  York,  January  18, 
1798  ;  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1818  ;  studied  law  as  a  profession,  and 
practised  for  twenty  years  in  Detroit, 
Michigan  ;  of  which  city  he  was  chosen 
Mayor  in  1838.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Michigan,  from  1840  to 
1845  ;  and  in  1848  he  removed  to  Nia 
gara  Falls,  the  residence  of  his  father, 
where  he  has  since  lived  in  retirement. 


20 


Porter,  Gilchrist.  —  He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 


298 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1851 
to  1857. 

Porter,  James.  —  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1814 
and  1815,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

Porter  •,  John.  —  He  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1806  to  1811. 

Porter,  Peter  _B.  —  He  was  born  in 
1773  ;  a  native  of  Salisbury,  Connecti 
cut  ;  and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1791.  He  completed  his  law  studies  at 
Litchfield,  and  emigrated  to  Western 
New  York.  He  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1809 
to  1813,  and  from  1815  to  1816.  As 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  he  reported  the  resolutions 
authorizing  immediate  and  active  pre 
parations  for  war  ;  and  in  1816  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  under  the  treaty 
of  Ghent.  In  1813  he  was  made  Major- 
General,  and  chief  in  command  of  the 
State  troops  ;  and  in  1815  he  received 
from  President  Madison  the  appoint 
ment  of  Commander-in-chief  of  the 
United  States  Army,  which  he  declined. 
Soon  after  the  war  he  was  chosen  Secre 
tary  of  the  State  of  New  York.  In 
1828  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War 
by  President  Adams.  He  died  at  Nia 
gara  Falls,  March  20,  1844,  aged  seventy- 
one  years. 

Porter,    Timothy  H.  —  He   was 

born  in  New  Haven,  Connecticut  ; 
served  five  years  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  and  also  five  years  in  the 
State  Senate;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827. 


Posey, 


Thomas.  —  He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from 
1812  to  1813.  He  died  March  19,  1818. 

Post,  Jotham.  —  Born  in  New 
York,  a  graduate  of  Columbia  College, 
and  a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly  for  four  years,  from  the  city  of 
New  York,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1813  to  1815,  from  his 
native  State. 

Potter,  Elisha  R.—  He  filled  for 
forty  years  a  large  space  in  the  political 


transactions  of  Rhode  Island,  having 
been  for  twenty-five  years  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1796  to  1797,  and  from  1809  to  1815. 
He  was  a  man  of  superior  talents,  and 
died  at  South  Kingston,  Rhode  Island, 
September  26,  1835. 

Potter,  Elisha  R.,  Jr.— He  was 

born  in  Rhode  Island ;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  ;  served  many  year's 
in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Potter,  Emery  D. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 

Potter,  John  F.  —  Born  in  Au 
gusta,  Maine,  May  11,  1817;  educated 
at  Phillips's  Academy,  New  Hampshire ; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  in 
1856,  and  Judge  of  Walworth  County, 
from  1842  to  1846,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions.  Elected  also  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  made 
Chairman  of  a  special  Committee  on 
Government  Employees,  and  also  of 
that  on  Public  Lands.  He  was  a  Dele 
gate  also  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 
He  was  appointed  Governor  of  Nevada 
Territory  by  President  Lincoln,  but 
declined,  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  Consul-General  of  British  North 
America. 

Potter,  Robert. — Born  in  Gran- 
ville  County,  North  Carolina.  He  en 
tered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman,  but 
resigned  this  position,  and  studied  law. 
He  entered  the  State  Legislature  in 
1826,  and  was  in  Congress,  from  1829 
to  1831.  He  was  a  second  time  in  the 
Legislature,  but  owing  to  an  outrage 
that  he  committed  upon  the  persons  of 
two  men,  of  whom  he  was  jealous,  he 
lost  all  political  influence,  and,  remov 
ing  to  Texas,  was  killed  in  a  private 
brawl. 

Potter,  Samuel  I. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


299 


during  the  years  1803  and  1804,  having 
died  October  29th  of  the  latter  year, 
aged  fifty-four  years. 

Potter,  William   W.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1837  to  1839,  and  died 
at  Bellefonte,  in  that  State,  October  28, 
1839. 

Pottle,  Emory  U. — He  was  born 

in  Naples,  New  York ;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  was  once  in  the  Legislature 
of  New  York ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy 
Department.  He  was  also  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

Potts,  David,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1793,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1831  to 
1839.  Died  in  1863. 

Potts,  Richard.  —  He  was  Go 
vernor  of  Maryland  during  the  years 
1781  and  1782 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1792  to 
1796,  when  he  resigned.  He  received 
from  Princeton  College,  in  1805,  the 
degree  of  LL.D. 

Powell,  Alfred  H. — He  was  born 
in  Loudon  County,  Virginia ;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College ;  studied  law  in 
Alexandria,  Virginia ;  settled  in  Win 
chester,  Virginia,  in  1800 ;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  one  or  two 
State  Conventions ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1825  to  1827.  He  died  at  Win 
chester  while  arguing  a  cause  in  court 
in  1831,  aged  fifty  years. 

Powell,  Cuthbert. — He  was  at  one 

time  Mayor  of  Alexandria,  in  Virginia, 
and,  on  his  removal  to  Loudon  County, 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  was 
subsequently  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died  at 
Langollen,  Virginia,  May  8,  1849. 

Powell,  Lazarus  W.  —  Born  in 

Henderson  County,  Kentucky,  October 
6,  1812 ;  graduated  at  St.  Joseph's  Col 
lege,  Bardstown,  in  1833 ;  studied  law 
at  the  Transylvania  University,  and 


came  to  the  bar  in  1835,  following  his 
profession  and  carrying  on  a  farm  at 
the  same  time ;  in  1836  he  was  elected 
to  the  Kentucky  Legislature ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1844 ;  was  Go 
vernor  of  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1855 ; 
and  he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  for  the  long  term  commencing  in 
1859,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the 
Judiciary,  Pensions,  and  Printing. 

Powell,  Levin. — He  was  born  in 
Loudon  County,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1799  to  1801. 

Powell,  Paulus. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and,  having  been  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  in  1849,  continued  in  that  capa 
city  to  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy 
Department,  and  that  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads. 

Powell,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Powers,   Gershom.  —  He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Poydras,  Julian. — He  was  a  Dele 
gate  in  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Louisiana,  from  1809  to  1812. 

Pratt,  James  T. — He  was  born  in 
Middletown  in  1805 ;  was  bred  a  farmer, 
which  occupation  he  still  follows ;  has 
served  in  the  Connecticut  Legislature ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Pratt,  Thomas  G. — He  was  born 

in  Washington  City  in  1800 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Princeton  College  ;  was  bred  a 
lawyer ;  was  Governor  of  Maryland, 
from  1844  to  1848;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1857.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Pratt,  Zadock.—Was  born  at  Ste- 
phentown,  Rensselaer  County,  New 
York,  October  30, 1790.  He  commenced 
in  early  life  without  means,  but  by  his 
industry  gained  a  large  fortune.  De 
voting  his  attention  to  tanning,  he  at- 


300 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tained  eminent  success  in  that  branch 
of  the  mechanic  arts,  and  his  name  will 
ever  be  associated  with  Prattsville,  and 
that  vast  tannery,  where,  previous  to 
the  close  of  it,  in  1846,  he  had  tanned 
more  than  a  million  sides  of  leather. 
He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1836,  and 
labored  successfully  for  the  public  good. 
His  career  in  Congress  will  be  remem 
bered  for  his  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  re 
duction  of  postage,  his  plans  for  the 
new  Post-office  buildings,  and  the  Bu 
reau  of  Statistics,  which  owes  its  origin 
to  him. 

Prentiss,  John  H. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1837  to  1841. 

Prentiss,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Stonington,  Connecticut,  March  31, 
1782;  removed  with  his  father  to  Wor 
cester,  Massachusetts,  and  subsequently 
to  Northfield,  where  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law.  He  completed  his  profes 
sional  studies  in  Brattleborough,  Ver 
mont,  and  commenced  practice  at  Mont- 
pelier  in  1803,  where  he  soon  attained 
success,  and  became  one  of  the  foremost 
men  of  the  bar.  In  1824  and  1825  he 
represented  Montpelier  in  the  State  Le- 

fislature.  In  1829  he  was  elected  Chief 
ustice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  having  several  years  before  de 
clined  the  office  of  Associate  Justice  of 
that  Court.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1831  to 
1842.  While  Senator,  he  did  much  to 
effect  the  passage  of  the  law  against 
duelling  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Federal  District  Court  in  Vermont, 
which  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  died  in  Montpelier,  Ver 
mont,  January  15,  1857. 

Prentiss.  Sergeant  S. — Born  in 

Portland,  Maine,  September  30,  1808, 
and  died  at  Longwood,  near  Natchez, 
Mississippi,  July  1,  1850.  He  graduated 
at  Bowdoin  College  in  1826,  when,  after 
studying  law  at  Gorham,  he  removed 
to  Mississippi,  and  passed  two  years  as 
tutor  in  a  private  family.  He  studied 
law  at  Natchez,  and  on  removing  to 
Vicksburg,  became  from  the  start  the 
leader  of  the  bar  in  his  adopted  State, 
acquiring  by  his  profession  a  large  pro 
perty.  He  entered  into  politics,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1835, 


and  in  1837  was  chosen  a  Kepresentati  ve 
in  Congress,  for  the  years  1838  and  1839. 
From  that  period  until  the  close  of  his 
life  he  was  devoted  wholly  to  his  pro 
fession,  appearing  frequently  in  court 
at  New  Orleans ;  and,  as  a  jury  orator, 
he  was  acknowledged  as  having  no  equal 
in  the  Southwestern  States. 

Preston,  Francis. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1793  to  1797,  and  died  at  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  May  26,  1835,  whither 
he  had  gone  upon  a  visit  to  his  son,  the 
distinguished  William  C.  Preston.  He 
was  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his  age.' 

Preston.  Jacob  A.. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Preston,  William. — He  was  born 
near  Louisville,  Kentucky,  October  16, 
1816 ;  was  liberally  educated  at  St.  Jo 
seph  College,  Kentucky,  in  New  Haven, 
and  at  Harvard  University  ;  he  settled, 
in  the  practice  of  law,  at  Louisville,  and 
there  remained  until  the  Mexican  war, 
when  he  went  to  Mexico  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Kentucky  volunteers;  he 
served  in  the  Convention  called  to  frame 
anew  the  Constitution  of  Kentucky  ;  in 
1850  and  1851  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  he  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1852,  voting  for  Scott ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Cincinnati  Con 
vention  which  nominated  Mr.  Bucha 
nan  in  1856 ;  and  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Minister  to  Spain. 
On  his  return,  in  1861,  he  took  part  in 
the  Rebellion,  and  was  a  Brigadier- 
General. 

Preston,    William  J3. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849;  and  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  under  President  Taylor,  in  1849 
and  1850.  He  took  part  in  the  Rebel 
lion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the  "Con 
federate"  Congress.  He  died  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  Virginia,  November 
16,  1862. 

Preston,  William  C.— Was  born 
December  27,  1794,  in  Philadelphia, 
while  his  father  was  attending  Congress 
at  that  place,  as  a  member  from  Vir 
ginia.  His  maternal  grandmother  was 
the  sister  of  Patrick  Henry.  He  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


301 


educated  at  the  University  of  South 
Carolina.  In  1812  he  graduated,  and 
returned  to  Virginia,  where  he  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  William  Wirt,  at 
Kichmond.  In  1816  he  went  to  Eu 
rope,  and  after  visiting  France,  Eng 
land,  and  Switzerland,  resided  for  some 
time  in  Edinburgh,  where  he  attended 
the  lectures  of  Hope,  Play  fair,  and 
Brown.  In  1819  he  returned  to  the 
United  States,  and  being  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1821,  commenced  the  practice 
of  law  in  Virginia.  In  1822  he  removed 
to  Columbia,  in  South  Carolina,  where  he 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession 
with  great  distinction  and  success.  In 
1832  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  where  he  assumed  a  high 
position  as  a  debater.  In  1842  he  re 
signed  his  place  in  the  Senate,  and  re 
turned  to  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  South  Carolina.  In  1855  he  became 
President  of  the  University  of  South 
Carolina,  which  office  he  filled  with 
great  credit  until  he  was  forced  to  re 
sign,  in  consequence  of  ill  health,  after 
which  time  he  lived  in  retirement. 
Died  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  May 
22,  1860. 

Price,  Hiram. — He  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  Ja 
nuary  10,  1814;  is  President  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Iowa  ;  and  in  1862  he  was 
elected  Representative,  from  Iowa,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Claims. 

Price,  Rodman  M. — Born  in  Sus 
sex  County,  New  Jersey,  November  5, 
1816.  He  attended  Princeton  College 
until  his  health  compelled  him  to  retire, 
and  he  devoted  some  attention  to  the 
study  of  law ;  was  appointed  Purser  in 
the  Navy  in  1840 ;  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  person  to  exercise  judicial  func 
tions  under  the  American  flag  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  as  Alcalde  ;  in  1848  was 
made  Navy  Agent  for  the  Pacific  Coast ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1851  to  1853  ;  and 
subsequently  elected  Governor  of  New 
Jersey.  He  caused  the  establishment, 
in  that  State,  of  a  Normal  School,  and 
has  done  much  to  improve  the  militia 
of  the  State.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Price,  Sterling. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  Missouri,  from  1845  to  1847  ; 
and  Governor  of  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1857.  Was  identified  with  the  Great 
Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  Major-General. 

Price,  Thomas  L. — He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress.  He  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1864. 

Prince,  Oliver  H. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  dur 
ing  the  years  1828  and  1829,  and  died 
at  sea,  October  9,  1837. 

Prince,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1823  to  1824,  having  died  in  Prince 
ton,  Indiana,  before  the  expiration  of 
his  term,  September  8,  1824. 

Pringle,  Benjamin.  —  Born   in 

Richfield,  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
November  9,  1807 ;  received  a  good 
English  and  classical  education  ;  studied 
law,  and  practised  for  several  years,  but 
relinquished  the  profession  on  being 
made  President  and  financial  officer  of 
the  Bank  of  Genesee,  at  Batavia.  He  held 
the  office  of  Judge  of  the  County  Courts 
of  Genesee  for  five  j^ears,  and  served, 
one  year  in  the  State  Assembly  ;  and  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Congresses. 

Proffit,  George  H.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1839  to  1843;  and  in  1843  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Brazil.  He 
died  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  September 
5,  1847. 

Pruyn,  John  V.  L. — He  was  born 
in  Albany,  New  York ;  was  chiefly  edu 
cated  at  private  schools,  and  received  a 
degree  at  Rutgers  College,  New  Jer 
sey  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  Albany  in  1832;  in  1835  he  was 
Counsel  and  Director  of  the  Mohawk 
and  Hudson  Railroad,  and  subsequently 
became  Treasurer  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  Company  ;  he  was  also 
a  Master  in  Chancery  during  the  Go 
vernorship  of  W.  L.  Marcy ;  in  1844 
was  made  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Re 
gents  ;  and  in  1862  a  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1862.  At  a  special 
election  in  1863  he  was  elected  a  Repre- 


302 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Erastus 
Corning,  serving  on  the  Committee  'of 
Claims. 

Pryor,  Roger  A.  —  Born  in  Din- 
widdie  County,  Virginia,  July  19,  1828  ; 
graduated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College 
in  1845  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
but  relinquished  the  practice  on  account 
of  his  health  ;  in  1851  became  an  editor 
in  Petersburg  ;  in  1852  connected  him 
self  with  the  Washington  Union  as  a 
writer;  in  1853  he  joined  the  Eichmond 
Enquirer  ;  in  1855  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Pierce  a  special  Commissioner 
to  Greece,  to  adjust  certain  difficulties 
with  that  country  ;  on  his  return  he  es 
tablished  a  political  journal  called  "The 
South,"  which  stopped  in  eighteen 
months  ;  was  connected  for  four  months 
with  the  '  '  Washington  States  ;  '  '  and  was 
elected  a  Eepresentative,  from  Virginia, 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  He  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion  as  a  member  of  the  "  Confe 
derate"  Congress,  and  also  as  a  Briga 
dier-General. 


y  George  Ellin.  —  Born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  November  28,  1822  ; 
graduated  at  Miami  University  in  1840, 
and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He  was 
Captain  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Ohio 
volunteers,  in  the  Mexican  war,  in  1847; 
Representative  in  the  Legislature  in 
1848  and  1849  ;  was  appointed  Solicitor 
to  the  City  of  Cincinnati,  in  1850  ;  was 
Attorney-General  of  the  State  in  1851  ; 
and  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
March  4,  1855,  for  six  years,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Public 
Lands  and  on  the  Judiciary. 

Pugh,  James  L.—  Born  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia,  in  1820  ;  received  an 
academical  education  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law,  and  removing  to  Alabama, 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty  -sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  the  Library. 
Resigned  in  February,  1861,  to  take  part 
in  the  Rebellion  of  that  year. 

Pugh,  John.  —  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1805  to  1809. 

Purdy,  Smith  31.—  He  was  born 


in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Piiwiance,  Samuel  A. — Born  in 
Butler,  Pennsylvania,  November  8, 
1809.  He  was  a  student  of  Washington 
College,  but  did  not  graduate  ;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  has  practised  for 
twenty-live  years  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  amend  the  State  Consti 
tution,  in  1836,  and  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  in  1838  and  1839;  was  a  member 
of  the  Electoral  College  in  1848 ;  and  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania,  ,in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  *He  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Purviance,  Samuel  D.— A  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1803  to  1805. 

Puryear,  Richard  C.  —  He  was 

born  in  Mecklenburg,  Virginia,  Febru 
ary  9,  1801 ;  received  a  good  English 
education ;  has  spent  the  most  of  his  life 
engaged  in  merchandizing  and  farming. 
In  1838,  having  removed  to  North  Ca 
rolina,  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State  ;  in  1840  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1844,  1846,  and  1852,  he  was 
again  chosen  to  the  Legislature ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1853  to  1857.  He 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a 
member  of  the  "Confederate"  Congress. 

Putman,    Harvey.  —  For  many 

years  a  leading  member  of  the  Genesee 
County  bar ;  was  elected  several  times 
to  both  branches  of  the  New  York  Le 
gislature  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1847 
to  1851.  He  died  in  Attica,  New  York, 
September  21,  1855,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

Quarles,  James  M.  —  Born  in 
Louisa  County,  Virginia,  February  8, 
1823  ;  removed  with  his  father  to  Ken 
tucky  in  1833;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
on  removing  to  Tennessee,  in  1846,  he 
became  Attorney-General  of  the  Tenth 
District ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1852  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Tennessee,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


303 


Qnarles,  Tunstall. — He  was  born 
in  V  irginia ;  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1817  to 
1820,  and  was  subsequently  Keceiver  of 
Public  Moneys  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Mis- 


Quincy,  Josiah. — Born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  February  4,  1772.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1790,  and  en 
tered  on  the  practice  of  law  in  Boston. 
In  1804  he  was  chosen  a  Representative, 
from  Boston,  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  held  that  station 
eight  successive  years,  until  he  declined 
a  re-election  in  1813.  He  was  chosen 
State  Senator,  for  Suffolk,  from  1814  to 
1819;  Representative,  from  Boston;  and 
was  Speaker  of  the  House,  in  1820 ; 
Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court,  in  Bos 
ton,  in  1821  ;  and  Mayor  of  that  city  in 
1823.  He  held  the  office  of  Mayor  six 
successive  years,  until  he  declined  a  re 
election,  in  December,  1828.  In  1829 
he  was  chosen  President  of  Harvard 
University,  and  held  that  office  until 
his  resignation  in  1845.  His  published 
works  are  "Speeches  in  Congress,  and 
Orations  on  Various  Occasions,"  "  Me 
moir  of  Josiah  Quincy,  Jr.,  of  Massa 
chusetts,"  "Centennial  Address  on  the 
Two  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Set 
tlement  of  Boston,"  "A  History  of  Har 
vard  University,  from  1636  to  1836," 
"  Memoir  of  James  Grahame,  Historian 
of  the  United  States  Army,"  "Memoir 
of  Major  Samuel  Shaw,"  "  History  of 
the  Boston  Athenaeum,"  "A  Municipal 
History  of  the  Town  and  City  of  Bos 
ton,  from  1630  to  1830. ' '  Died  in  Boston, 
July  1,  1864. 

Quitman,  John  A. — He  was  born 
in  Rhinebeck,  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  September  1,  1799;  had  a  liberal 
education  ;  studied  theology,  but  pre 
ferred  the  law,  and  in  his  twentieth 
year  was  a  Professor  of  Law  in  Mount 
Airy  College,  Pennsylvania.  In  1820 
he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  that  State,  but  soon  after 
wards  removed  to  Natchez,  Mississippi. 
In  1827  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  in  1828  was  appointed  Chan 
cellor  of  the  State,  serving  three  years  ; 
in  1835  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Se 
nate,  and  as  President  of  that  body  was 
called  upon  to  perform  the  duties  of 
Governor ;  in  1836  he  distinguished  him 
self  as  a  soldier  and  leader  in  behalf  of 
Texas  against  Mexico ;  in  1839  he  visited 


Europe  on  business  for  the  Mississippi 
Railroad ;  on  his  return  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals  ;  he  served  with  distinction  in 
the  Mexican  war ;  had  a  horse  shot  from 
under  him  at  Monterey  ;  commanded  at 
Victoria;  was  at  Vera  Cruz  and  Ojo 
Del  Agua ;  commissioned,  by  the  Pre 
sident,  Major-General  in  the  army  ;  he 
also  acquitted  himself  with  great  credit 
at  Chapultepec ;  he  was  Governor  of 
Mississippi  in  1850;  and  in  1855  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  and  re-elected  in  1857, 
serving  both  terms  at  the  head  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  By 
virtue  of  his  experience  and  strict  in 
tegrity  he  ever  commanded  the  respect 
of  all,  and  the  kindness  of  his  heart  and 
amiable  manners  won  for  him  troops  of 
friends  among  all  parties.  He  was  spo 
ken  of  on.  two  occasions  as  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  Vice-President,  and 
was  the  recognized  leader  of  those  favor 
able  to  the  annexation  of  Cuba.  He  died 
at  his  residence,  in  Mississippi,  July  17, 
1858. 

Radford,  William.  —  Was  born 

in  Poughkeepsie,  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  June  24,  1814 ;  received  a  good 
common  school  education ;  settled  in 
New  York  City  in  1829,  and  was  for  a 
long  time  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits  ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds. 

llamsay,  Alexander. —  He  was 

born  near  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847.  He 
was  educated  at  Lafayette  College ; 
served  as  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840 ; 
was  Clerk  of  the  Pennsylvania  House 
of  Representatives  in  1841 ;  and  was  the 
first  Territorial  Governor  of  Minnesota, 
serving  from  1849  to  1853.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Minnesota,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads. 

Ramsay,  Robert. — He  was  born 

in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843. 


304 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ramsey,  William. — Born  at  Ster- 
rett's  Gap,  Cumberland  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  7,  1779.  In  1803 
he  was  appointed  Surveyor  of  his  na 
tive  county,  an  office  held  by  his  father 
during  the  Revolution  ;  and  he  also  held 
the  offices  of  Prothonotary,  Register, 
Recorder,  and  Clerk  of  the  Orphans' 
Court ;  studied  law,  and  practised  with 
success.  In  1826  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania ; 
re-elected  in  1828  and  1830,  and  died  in 
September,  1831,  at  Carlisle,  Pennsyl- 


Ramsey,   William  S. — Born  in 

Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  June  12,  1810  ; 
was  educated  at  Dickinson  College,  but 
on  account  of  bad  health,  did  not  gra 
duate  ;  he  travelled  in  Europe  ;  was  an 
attache"  to  the  American  Legation  in 
London,  and  formed  the  acquaintance 
of  Walter  Scott  and  General  Lafayette  ; 
returning  to  Carlisle,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1832 ;  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  Congress,  in  1838 ;  re-elected 
in  1840,  but  died  in  Baltimore,  October 
17,  1840,  a  few  weeks  after  his  election. 

Randall,  Alexander. —  He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Randall,   Benjamin.  —  He  was 

born  in  Massachusetts  in  1789;  gradu 
ated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1809  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1814,  and  commenced  practice  in 
Bath,  Maine,  where  he  resided  forty-five 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1833,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1839  to 
1843,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Invalid  Pensions.  He  was  appoint 
ed  by  President  Taylor,  Collector  of 
the  Port  of  Bath,  and  died  at  that  place, 
October  14,  1857. 

Randall,  Samuel  *T. — Was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  1828 ;  educated  in 
that  city  ;  was  brought  up  a  merchant, 
and  has  ever  been  engaged  in  that  pur 
suit  ;  served  four  years  in  the  Councils 
of  his  native  city;  one  term  in  the  State 
Senate ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds. 


Randall,  W'Miam  If. — Was  born 
in  Kentucky  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1835;  in  1836  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Circuit  and  County  Court 
of  Laurel  County,  which  position  he 
held  until  1851  ;  after  the  adoption  of 
the  State  Constitution,  held  the  office 
one  year  by  election ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Randolph,  James  F. — Born  in 

Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey,  June 
26,  1791 ;  received  a  common  school 
education  ;  served  an  apprenticeship  to 
the  printing  business,  and  became  editor 
of  the  "Fredonia,"  a  weekly  newspaper, 
in  1812,  and  continued  in  that  capacity 
for  thirty  years.  He  was  appointed 
Collector  of  the  Internal  Revenue  of 
the  United  States  in  1815,  and  held  that 
office  till  the  close  of  the  war  in  Texas. 
He  was  subsequently  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  the  County,  and 
for  two  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1828  to  1833,  and  was 
afterwards  President  of  a  bank  in  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  for  ten  years. 

Randolph,  John,  of  RoanoJce. 

— He  was  born  in  Chesterfield,  Vir 
ginia,  June  2,  1773,  and  claimed  descent 
through  his  grandmother,  from  Poca- 
hontas,  the  daughter  of  Powhatan,  the 
great  Indian  chief.  His  father  died  in 
1775,  leaving  three  sons  and  a  large 
estate ;  and  his  mother  was  married  in 
1783  to  St.  George  Tucker,  who  was  his 
guardian  during  his  minority.  His 
early  life  was  spent  at  different  places, 
under  different  instructors,  of  most  of 
whom  he  said  u  he  never  learned  any 
thing."  He  passed  a  short  time  at 
Princeton  College,  Columbia  College, 
and  at  William  and  Mary  College ;  and 
for  a  time  he  studied  law  with  Edmund 
Randolph.  He  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  in  1799,  and  he  con 
tinued  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  with  the  exception  of  two 
intervals  of  two  years  each,  until  1829  ; 
in  that  year  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution 
of  Virginia,  and  he  was  afterwards  ap 
pointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Russia,  by  President  Jackson,  in  1830. 
During  one  of  the  intervals  alluded  to, 
from  1825  to  1827,  he  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  never  mar- 


BIOGRAPHICAL-SKETCHES. 


305 


ried,  and  was  possessed  of  a  large  estate 
on  the  Koanoke.  He  died  at  Philadel 
phia,  May  24,  1833,  while  about  to  de 
part  for  Europe  for  the  restoration  of 
his  feeble  health.  He  was  distinguished 
alike  for  his  genius,  his  effective  elo 
quence,  and  for  man}7  eccentricities  of 
thought  and  manner. 


Randolph,  Joseph  Fitz. 
in  1803,  in  New  Jersey,  and  obtained 
an  ordinary  school  education,  after  which 
he  studied  law,  and  was  licensed  to  prac 
tise  in  1825;  he  settled  at  Monmouth 
Court-house,  and  was  appointed  State's 
Attorney  for  the  County.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1837 
to  1843,  and  during  one  term  he  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims.  In  1844  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  State  Constitution;  and  in  1845  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  Jersey,  for  seven  years,  after 
which  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Trenton,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Randolph,  Thomas  M.  —  He  was 

a  native  of  Virginia  ;  Governor  of  that 
State  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1803  to  1807,  and  died  at 
Monticello,  June  20,  1828. 


Rankin,  Christopher. — He  was 

born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
ress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1819  to 
826.  Died  March  14,  1826,  in  Wash 
ington  City. 


f; 


Rantoul,  Robert. — Born  in  Be 
verly,  Massachusetts,  May  13,  1805.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1826  ;  studied  law  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1827,  and  settled  in  practice  in 
South  Reading,  and  removed  to  Glou 
cester  in  1832 ;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1834,  and  in  1837  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Masssachusetts  Board  of  Edu 
cation.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Boston, 
and  in  1843  was  appointed  Collector  of 
that  port ;  in  1845  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  Massachusetts;  in  1851 
succeeded  Mr.  Webster  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  but  remained  there  only 
a  short  time  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1851  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Washing 


ton,  August  7,  1852.     His  writings  have 
since  been  published  in  a  large  volume. 

Rariden,  James.— He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Kentucky,  and  was  an  early 
settler  of  the  White  Water  Valley, 
Indiana  ;  he  was  self-educated,  and  be 
came  eminent  as  a  lawyer.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  In 
diana,  from  1837  to  1841,  and  died  at 
Cambridge  City,  in  that  State. 

Rathbun,  George.— He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Rayner,  Kenneth. — Born  in  Ber 
tie  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1808; 
received  an  academical  education  ;  and 
though  he  studied  law,  he  did  not  prac 
tise.  He  entered  public  life,  in  1835,  as 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  the  same  year  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitu 
tion.  He  served  again  in  the  local  Le 
gislature  in  1836  and  1838,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1839 
to  1845.  In  1846  he  went  for  the  third 
time  into  the  Legislature. 

Rea,  John. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1803  to  1811,  and  again  from  1813 
to  1815. 

Read9  Aim  on  H. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1790;  graduated  at  Wil- 
liamstown  College ;  studied  law,  and 
removing  to  Pennsylvania,  was  fre 
quently  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  in  1840  was  appointed  Treasurer 
of  the  State ;  and  in  1841  was  elected  to 
fill  a  vacancy  in  the  National  House  of 
Representatives.  Died  at  Montrose, 
Pennsylvania,  June  3,  1844. 

Read,  George.  —  Born  in  Cecil 
County,  Maryland,  in  1734,  but,  with 
his  father,  removed  to  New  Castle 
County,  Delaware.  He  was  educated 
for  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Philadelphia,  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  and  practised  his  profession  in 
New  Castle  ;  was  made  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  three  lower  counties  on  the 
Delaware,  in  1763,  and  held  the  office 
until  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  in  1775.  In  1776  he  was  a  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He 
was  President  of  the  Convention  which 


306 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


formed  the  first  Constitution  of  Dela 
ware,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  framed  the  Federal  Consti 
tution,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  serving  from  1789 
to  1793.  He  was  then  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Dela 
ware,  in  which  office  he  remained  until 
his  death,  in  1798. 

Heady  Jacob.—  He  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  for  the  term  from  1795  to  1802, 
serving  a  short  time  as  President  pro 
tern,  of  that  body,  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  of  South 
Carolina,  in  1801. 

Heady  Nathan.—  Born  in  Essex 
County,  Massachusetts,  in  1760;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1781, 
and  two  years  afterwards  officiated  as 
tutor  in  that  institution.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1800  to  1803  ;  and  having 
removed  to  Hallo  well,  Maine,  was  for 
many  years  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas.  He  was  devoted  to  science, 
and  a  petitioner  for  a  patent  for  an  in 
vention,  before  the  patent  laws  were 
enacted  ;  and  before  the  time  of  Ful 
ton's  experiments,  he  had  tried  the  ef 
fect  of  steam  upon  a  boat  in  Wenham 
Pond.  He  died  at  Hallowell,  January 
20,  1849. 


y  Thomas  J5.—  He  was  a  Se 

nator  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from 
1826  to  1827,  and  also  during  the  session 
of  1829,  and  died  suddenly  on  his  way 
to  Washington,  at  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky,  November  26,  1829.  He  was  in 
the  meridian  of  life  and  a  man  of  ta 
lents. 

Reade9  Edwin  G.  —  Born  in  Or 
ange  County,  North  Carolina,  Novem 
ber  13,  1812;  he  had  a  liberal  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1836,  in  Person  County,  and 
engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  in  1855,  serving  until  1857. 

Heady.  Charles.  —  Born  at  Ready- 
ville,  Rutherford  County,  Tennessee, 
December  22,  1802.  He  graduated  at 
Greenville  College,  and  received  from 
the  Nashville  University  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts.  He  was  bred  a  lawyer, 


and  has  practised  his  profession  with 
success.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ten 
nessee  Legislature  in  1835,  and  closely 
identified  with  the  organization  of  the 
Judiciary.  By  special  commission  he 
has  twice  presided  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Tennessee,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
in  1853,  to  which  position  he  has  been 
twice  re-elected,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Reagan  y  tTohtiH. — Born  in  Sevier 
County,  Tennessee,  October  8,  1818; 
a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  appointed 
Deputy  Surveyor  in  the  Republic  of 
Texas,  in  1840  ;  and  in  1843  was  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace  and  militia  Captain ; 
in  1846,  Probate  Judge  and  Colonel  of 
militia ;  and  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  in  1847  ;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  from  1852  to  1857,  when 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Expenditures 
in  the  Post-office  Department.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 
Resigned  in  February,  1861,  and  be 
came  Postmaster-General  of  the  Rebel 
government. 

Redinffy  John  H.— He  was  born 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1845.  From  1853  to  1858 
he  held  the  office  of  Naval  Storekeeper, 
at  Portsmouth. 

Reedy  Charles  M.~ He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Reed.  Edward  C.— He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1812 ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Reedy  Isaac. — Born  in  Waldobo- 
rough,  Maine,  in  1810;  was  a  merchant 
by  occupation  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1852  to 
1853.  He  served  six  years  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  State  Treasurer  in 
1856  ;  and  President  of  the  Waldobo- 
rough  Bank. 

Reed,  John.— Born  in  Plymouth 
County,  Massachusetts;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1772  ;  was  ordained  as 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


307 


a  minister  of  the  Gospel  in  1780,  and 
settled  at  West  Bridgewater,  Massachu 
setts.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1795  to 
1801.  He  died  February  17,  1831,  aged 
eighty  years. 

Reedy  John.  —  He  was  a  native 
of  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts,  having 
been  born  in  1781 ;  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University,  in  1803  ;  a  lawyer  by 
profession  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1813  to 
1817,  and  again  from  1821  to  1841.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  foregoing,  and  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of"Massachusetts, 
from  1845  to  1851.  Died  at  Bridge- 
water,  November  25,  1860. 

Heed,  Philip. — He  was  born  in 
Kent  County,  Maryland,  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1806  to  1813,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1817  to  1819,  and 
again  from  1821  to  1823.  He  died  No 
vember  2,  1829. 

Heed,  Robert  R. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1851. 

Reed,  William. — He  was  a  native 
of  Massachusetts,  an  eminent  merchant, 
and  highly  esteemed  for  his  benevolent 
and  religious  character.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1811  to  1815  ;  was  President  of  the 
Sabbath-school  Union  of  Massachusetts, 
and  of  the  American  Tract  Society  ; 
Vice-President  of  the  American  Edu 
cation  Society  ;  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Andover,  and  of  the  Board  of  Trus 
tees  of  Dartmouth  College.  Besides 
liberal  bequests  to  heirs  and  relatives, 
he  left  $68,000  to  benevolent  objects,  of 
which  $17,000  were  to  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  $10,000  to  Amherst  College,  $10,- 
000  to  the  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions,  $9000  to  the  First 
Church  and  Society  in  Marblehead, 
$7000  to  the  Second  Congregational 
Church  of  Marblehead,  and  $5000  to  the 
Library  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Andover.  He  died  at  Marblehead,  Fe 
bruary  18,  1837,  very  suddenly,  while 
attending  a  Sabbath-school  meeting. 

Reese,  David  A. — He  was  born  in 
South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representa 


tive  in  Congress,   from  Georgia,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Reid,  David  8. — Born  in  Rocking- 
ham  County,  North  Carolina,  April  19, 
1813.  He  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1843 ;  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1835,  and 
served  continuously  until  1842.  In 
1843  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  serving 
that  term ;  and  was  re-elected  in  1845 
for  a  second  term ;  he  was,  in  1850, 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina, 
and  re-elected  in  1852,  serving  until 
1855,  when  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress.  He  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents  and  the  Patent- 
office,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce.  He  was  also  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Reid,  Jolin  W. — Was  born  in 
Lynchburg,  Virginia,  June  14,  1821  ; 
received  a  good  English  education  ;  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1840 ;  studied  law 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1844 ;  served 
with  credit  in  the  Mexican  war  in  1846, 
as  Captain  of  a  company  of  mounted 
volunteers,  with  Colonel  Doniphan ; 
settled  in  Jackson  County,  practising 
his  profession  ;  served  two  sessions  in 
the  Missouri  Legislature;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress.  Expelled 
from  the  House  in  December,  1861. 

Reid,  Robert  R. — He  was  born  in 
Beaufort  District,  South  Carolina,  in 
1789  ;  removed  early  in  life  to  Georgia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1818  to  1823;  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Augusta,  on  his  re 
tirement  from  Congress ;  was  also  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Georgia; 
was  appointed,  in  1832,  by  President 
Jackson,  District  Judge  for  Eastern 
Florida  ;  and  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren,  Governor  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Florida ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  a  State 
Constitution  for  Florida,  over  which 
body  he  presided  in  a  creditable  manner. 
He  died  near  Tallahassee,  July  1,  1841. 

Reilly,  Wilson- — Born  in  Penn 
sylvania  ;  followed  for  a  time  the  busi 
ness  of  a  hatter  ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  in  1857,  from 
Pennsylvania,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Patents.  Of  late 


308 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


years,  he  has  been  devoted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law. 

Reily,  Luther. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839. 

Relfe,  James  H. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and,  having  settled  in  Mis 
souri,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

Rencher,  Abraham.  —  Born  in 
Wake  County,  North  Carolina,  and  in 
1822  graduated  at  the  University  of  that 
State.  He  practised  law  for  a  time,  but 
taking  an  interest  in  politics,  was  elected 
to  Congress,  where  he  served  from  1829 
to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1842  ; 
Charge  d' Affaires  to  Portugal  in  1843  ; 
and  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
New  Mexico. 

Reynolds,  Gideon. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1851. 

Reynolds,  James  B. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Reynolds,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania, 
February  28,  1788;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839 
to  1843.  Before  entering  Congress  he 
was  Governor  of  Illinois,  from  1830  to 
1834. 

Reynolds,  John  If. — Born  in  Mo- 
reau,  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  June 
21,  1819;  received  his  education  at  the 
academies  of  Evansville,  Sandy  Hill, 
and  Kinderhook,  New  York,  and  was 
also  at  Bennington,  Vermont;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1843;  in  1853  was  appointed  Post 
master  at  Albany  by  President  Pierce, 
but  removed  in  1854  for  insubordination 
as  a  party  man  ;  and  in  1858  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Ju 
diciary. 


Reynolds,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  'from  1835 
to  1837.  He  also  served  in  the  Assem 
bly  of  that  State,  in  1819. 

Rhea,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1803  to  1815,  and  from  1817  to 
1823.  In  1816  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Choctaws. 

Rhett,  Robert  B. — He  was  born  in 
Beaufort,  South  Carolina,  Docember  24, 
1800;  received  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  in  1826 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  in  1832  he  was  elected  Attorney- 
General  of  South  Carolina ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1838 
to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  ending 
in  1849  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1850  and  1851,  having 
resigned,  contrary  to  the  wishes  of  his 
State.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
man  who  proposed,  and  advocated  on 
the  floor  of  Congress,  a  dissolution  of 
the  Union.  Of  late  years  he  has  lived 
wholly  retired  from  public  life,  on  an 
extensive  plantation.  He  took  part  in 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of 
the  "Confederate"  Congress. 

Ricaud,  James  JS. — Born  in  Bal 
timore,  Maryland,  February  11,  1808; 
graduated  at  Washington  College,  Mary 
land,  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of 
Maryland,  in  1834,  and  of  the  State  Se 
nate  of  Maryland,  from  1836  to  1844, 
inclusive  ;  was  an  Elector  of  President 
and  Vice-President  in  1836  and  1844  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures, 
and  also  that  for  Investigating  the  Ac 
counts  of  the  late  Clerk  of  the  House. 
In  1864  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Mary 
land  Senate,  and  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court. 

Rice,  Alexander  H.  —  Born  in 
Newton,  Massachusetts,  in  August, 
1818  ;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion  ;  served  in  his  father's  paper  mill 
as  a  clerk  while  yet  a  mere  boy  ;  subse 
quently  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1844,  after  which  he  entered  on  his  own 
account  into  the  paper  business  ;  in  1853 
was  elected  to  the  Common  Council  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


309 


Boston,  and  became  the  President  of 
that  body  ;  was  Mayor  of  Boston  in  1856 
and  1857  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative,  from  Massachusetts,  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia  ; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department  ;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

Rice,  Henry  M.  —  He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  November  29,  1816;  emi 
grated  to  Michigan  when  it  was  a  Ter 
ritory,  and  since  that  time  has  lived  in 
three  other  Territories,  viz.,  Iowa,  Wis 
consin,  and  Minnesota,  much  of  his  life 
having  been  spent  among  the  wild  In 
dian  tribes  of  the  Northwest  ;  in  1840 
he  was  appointed  a  sutler  in  the  army  ; 
has  been  employed  as  Commissioner  in 
making  many  Indian  treaties  of  great 
importance  ;  in  1853  he  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  Minnesota; 
re-elected  in  1855,  having  secured  the 
passage  of  the  act  authorizing  the  peo 
ple  of  Minnesota  to  form  a  State  Con 
stitution  ;  and  in  1857  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Minnesota, 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  At  the  com 
mencement  of  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Indian 
Affairs,  and  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads. 


ice,  John  H.  —  Born  in  Mount 
Vernon,  Kennebec  County,  Maine,  Feb 
ruary  5,  1816  ;  received  a  good  common 
school  education;  between  the  years 
1832  and  1838  he  held  a  variety  of  local 
offices  at  Augusta  ;  devoted  some  atten 
tion  to  the  study  of  law  ;  served  as  a 
staff  officer  during  the  troubles  con 
nected  with  the  Northeastern  boundary  ; 
in  1840  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff 
of  Kennebec  County  ;  in  1842  settled  in 
Piscataquis  County,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  lumbering  business  until 
1848  ;  subsequently  practised  law  ;  in 
1852  was  elected  a  State  Attorney  for 
three  years  ;  and,  having  been  re-elect 
ed,  held  the  office  until  he  was  chosen  a 
Representative,  from  Maine,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims, 
and  on  Patents.  Re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 


man  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Territories. 

Hice,  Thomas. — He  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1791  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  was  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1813  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1815  to  1819  ;  and  died  in  1854. 

Rich,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts,  in 
1771,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1813  to  1815, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1824.  He  died 
at  Sherburne,  Vermont,  October  15, 
1824. 

Richard,  Gabriel. — He  was  a  Ro 
man  Catholic  priest,  and  a  man  of  learn 
ing.  He  was  born  at  Saintes,  in  France, 
October  15,  1764;  was  educated  at  An- 
giers ;  received  orders  at  a  Catholic 
seminary  in  Paris,  in  1790 ;  came  to 
America  after  the  commencement  of 
the  French  Revolution  ;  labored  in  Illi 
nois  as  a  missionary ;  was  for  a  time 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  St.  Mary's 
College,  Maryland ;  went  to  Detroit, 
Michigan,  in  1798,  whence  he  was  sent 
as  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  in  1823.  He 
died  in  Detroit,  September  13,  1832, 
aged  sixty-eight  years.  During  his  mi 
nistry,  it  became  his  duty,  according  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  to  excom 
municate  one  of  his  parishioners,  who 
had  been  divorced  from  his  wife.  The 
parishioner  prosecuted  the  priest  for 
defamation  of  character,  which  resulted 
in  his  obtaining  a  verdict  of  $1000. 
This  money  the  priest  could  not  pay, 
and  was  consequently  imprisoned  in  the 
common  jail ;  as  he  had  already  been 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  he  went 
from  his  prison,  in  the  wilds  of  Michi 
gan,  to  his  seat  on  the  floor  of  Congress. 
In  1809  he  visited  Boston,  and  took  a 
printing-press  to  Michigan,  and  started 
a  journal  called  the  "  Michigan  Essay," 
which  failed  for  the  want  of  readers ; 
he  then  published  some  Catholic  books, 
and  the  laws  of  the  Territory,  all  in 
French  ;  in  1812,  after  Hull's  surrender, 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  after  his  re 
lease,  finding  his  people  destitute,  pur 
chased  wheat  and  gave  it  to  the  desti 
tute.  He  wrote  several  languages,  and 
was  a  man  of  superior  ability  and  rare 
benevolence. 


310 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Richards ?  Jacob. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1803  to  1809. 

Richards,  John. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1795  to  1797. 

Richards,  John. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1814 
and  1815,  and  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

Richards,  Mark.—Hv  was  born 

in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1817  to  1821.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  for 
eight  years  ;  County  Sheritf  for  five 
years ;  a  State  Councillor  in  1813  and 
1815  ;  and  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ver 
mont  in  1830. 

Richards,  Matthias. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Richardson,  John  P.— He  gra 
duated  at  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1819 ;  was  a  Judge ;  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from  1837 
to  1840 ;  Governor  of  that  State  from 
1840  to  1842  ;  and  died  in  South  Caro 
lina  in  1850. 

Richardson,  John  S. — Born  in 
South  Carolina  in  1777,  and  died  at 
Charleston,  May  11,  1850.  He  was  an 
Associate  Judge  of  the  General  Sessions 
and  the  Common  Pleas,  and  Presiding 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals ;  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  in 
1820,  but  owing  to  some  exigency  in 
his  private  affairs,  he  was  not  qualified. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  Attorney-General  for 
the  State. 

Richardson,  Joseph.  —  Born  at 
Billerica,  Massachusetts,  February  1, 
1778;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1802;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1827  to  1831.  He  was  senior  Pastor 
over  the  First  Church  at  Hingham, 
Massachusetts,  for  fifty  years. 

Richardson,  William  A. — Born 
in  Fayette  County,  Kentucky ;  gradu 


ated  at  the  Transylvania  University ; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  before 
attaining  his  twentieth  year,  and  soon 
after  settled  in  Illinois.  In  1835  he 
was  elected  State  Attorney ;  in  1836  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  ;  in 
1838  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  ; 
and  in  1844  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  and  made  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  1846  he  served  as  Captain 
in  the  Mexican  war,  and  on  the  battle 
field  of  Buena  Vista  was  promoted  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  his  regiment ;  in 
1847  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  serve  by  re-election  until  1856J 
when  he  resigned ;  in  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Go 
vernor  of  Nebraska,  which  he  resigned 
in  1858;  in  1860  he  was,  against  his 
consent,  re-elected  to  the  House  of  Re- 
prfcsentatives,  but  before  the  expiration 
of  his  term  in  1863,  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  his  friend,  S.  A. 
Douglas,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Territories,  and  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia. 

Richardson,   William  M. —  He 

was  born  at  Pelham,  New  Hampshire, 
January  4,  1774,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge  in  1797.  He 
practised  law  for  a  few  years  at  Groton, 
Massachusetts,  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  1811  to  1814.  He  re 
moved  to  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire, 
in  1814,  and  was  appointed  Chief  Jus 
tice  in  1816;  and  he  discharged  the 
duties  of  the  office  with  high  reputation 
nearly  twenty-two  years.  He  was  a 
man  of  distinguished  talents,  great  in 
dustry,  and  extensive  acquirements,  and 
highly  respected  for  his  integrity  and 
estimable  character.  He  was  the  author 
of  "  The  New  Hampshire  Justice,"  and 
"  The  Town  Officer."  A  considerable 
portion  of  the  first  and  second  volumes 
of  the  New  Hampshire  Reports  were 
drawn  up  by  the  Chief  Justice ;  nearly 
all  the  cases  of  the  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  were  furnished  by  him;  and  of  the 
matter  for,  perhaps,  four  volumes  more, 
he  prepared  a  farge  share.  He  died  at 
Chester,  New  Hampshire,  March  23, 
1838. 

Richmond,  Jonathan.— He  was 

born  in  Bristol,  Massachusetts,  in  1774; 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  to  Western  New 
York  in  1813;  was  once  Collector  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


311 


the  Customs  for  the  United  States ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821.  He  died  in 
Cayuga,  New  York,  July  29,  1853. 

Riddle,  Albert  G.~ He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Riddle,  George  R. — He  was  born 
in  New  Castle,  Delaware,  in  1817;  edu 
cated  at  Delaware  College  ;  studied  sur 
veying,  and  was  engaged  for  years  in 
locating  canals  and  roads  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia  ;  he  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1848  ;  he  was  soon  afterwards  ap 
pointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  for 
his  native  county,  which  he  held  until 

1850  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress-,  from  Delaware,  from 

1851  to  1855.     He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  several  National  Conventions  of 
1844,  1848,  and  1856.     In  1864  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  the 
place  of  J.  A.  Bayard,  resigned,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1869. 

Ridgeley,  Henry  M. — Born  in 

1778;  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  for 
many  years  was  a  distinguished  member 
of  the  Delaware  bar.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1811  to  1815 ;  and  supplied  a  va 
cancy  as  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1826 
to  1829.  He  died  at  his  residence  in 
Dover,  Delaware,  August  7,  1847. 

Ridgway,  Joseph. — He  was  born 
on  Staten  Island,  New  York,  May  6, 
1783  ;  received  a  limited  education,  and 
acquired  the  trade  of  a  house  carpenter. 
In  1811  he  emigrated  to  Cayuga  County, 
New  York,  and  devoted  himself  to 
making  fanning  mills  ;  and  in  1822  set 
tled  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  established 
an  extensive  iron  foundry,  which  sub 
sequently  became  an  establishment  for 
manufacturing  railroad  carriages.  In 
1828  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Ohio,  and  re-elected  in  1830;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1837  to  1843.  He  failed  in 
business  in  1811,  and  though  exonerated 
by  the  bankrupt  law,  he  thought  proper, 
in  1857,  to  pay  up  his  old  debts,  at  the 
rate  of  two  dollars  for  one ;  and  of 
seventy  creditors,  he  only  found  four 
living,  so  that  he  had  to  hunt  up  and 


pay  the  heirs,  which  occupied  four 
months  of  his  time. 

Riggs,  Jetur  R. — Born  in  Morris 
County,  New  Jersey,  June  20,  1809; 
studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Barclay  Street  Medical  University  of 
New  York.  In  1828  he  made  an  ex 
tensive  sea-voyage  over  the  world  ;  prac 
tised  his  profession  from  1832  to  1849 ; 
served  two  years  in  the  New  Jersey 
Legislature ;  spent  one  or  two  years  in 
charge  of  the  hospital  at  Sutter's  Fort, 
California  ;  in  1855  was  elected  for  three 
years  to  the  Senate  of  New  Jersey  ;  and 
in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufac 
tures. 

Riggs,  Lewis. — Was  born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Riker,  Samuel. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1784, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1804  to  1805,  and  again 
from  1807  to  1809. 

Ringgold,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1810  to  1815,  and  again  from 
1817  to  1821. 

Ripley,  Eleazar  W. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  180U ;  stu 
died  law,  and  settled  in  the  District  of 
Maine  ;  was  Speaker  of  the  Massachu 
setts  House  of  Representatives  in  1811 ; 
acquitted  himself  with  credit  as  an 
officer  in  the  last  war  with  England  ; 
removed  to  Louisiana,  whence  he  was 
elected  to  Congress,  serving  from  1835 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  New  Orleans,  March  2,  1839,  aged 
fifty-seven  years. 

Ripley,  James  W.  —  He  was  a 

lawyer ;  served  four  years  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Maine ;  was  an  officer  in  the 
late  war  with  England,  and  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1826  to 
1830,  when  he  was  appointed  Collector 
of  Customs  for  the'Passamaquoddy  Dis 
trict  of  Maine.  He  died  in  June,  1835. 

Risley,  Elijah. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1849 
to  1851. 


312 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ritchey,  TJiomas. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  settled  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849,  and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

Ritchie,  David.— Be  was  born  at 
Canonsburg,  Washington  County, 
Pennsylvania,  August  19,  1812 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Jefferson  College  in  1829 ;  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  at  Pittsburg,  in  1835 ; 
received  the  degree  of  S.W.D.  from  the 
University  of  Heidelberg,  Germany,  in 
1837  ;  and  has  been  a  Representative, 
from  Pittsburg,  in  the  Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Hitter,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1843  to  1847,  and  died  in 
Reading,  Pennsylvania,  November  24, 
1851. 

Rivers,  TTiomas.— He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Rives,  Francis  E. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

Rives,  William  C. — He  was  born 

in  Nelson  County,  Virginia,  May  4, 
1793;  was  educated  at  Hampden  Sid 
ney  and  William  and  Mary  Colleges ; 
studied  law  and  politics  under  the  direc 
tion  of  Thomas  Jefferson  ;  was  aide-de 
camp  in  1814  and  1815  with  a  body  of 
militia  and  volunteers,  called  out  for 
the  defence  of  Virginia ;  and  was  a 
member,  in  1816,  of  the  Staunton  Con 
vention,  called  to  reform  the  State  Con 
stitution.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  Virginia  in  1817,  1818,  and 
1819,  from  Nelson  County ;  in  1822  to 
the  same  position  from  Albemarle 
County ;  in  1823  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  and  he  served 
for  three  successive  terms  ;  in  1829  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Jackson 
Minister  to  France  ;  on  his  return  in 
1832  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  and  resigned  in  1834 ;  was  re- 
elected  in  1835,  and  served  to  the  end  of 
the  term,  in  1839  ;  in  .1840  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  for  a  third  term,  where  he 
remained  until  1845.  In  1849  he  was  a 
second  time  appointed  Minister  to 


France,  and  returned  in  1853,  when  he 
finally  retired  from  political  life.  He 
has  also  added  to  his  reputation  by  pub 
lishing  a  History  of  the  Life  and  Times 
of  James  Madison.  He  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  member  of  the 
so-called  Confederate  Congress,  having 
previously  been  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace 
Congress  of  that  year. 

Roane,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1815  to 
1817,  from  1827  to  1831,  and  for  a  third 
term,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Roane,  John  J. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
his  native  State,  from  1831  to  1833. 

Roane,  John  T. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1809  to  1815. 

Roane,  William  H.  —  Born  in 
Virginia  in  1788 ;  was  twice  elected  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of 
that  State  ;  once  a  Delegate  to  the  Ge 
neral  Assembly ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1815  to  1817;  and  a  Se 
nator  of  the  United  States,  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  died  at  Tree  Hill,  near 
Richmond,  Virginia,  May  11,  1845. 

RobMns,  Asher. — Born  in  We- 
thersfield,  Connecticut,  in  1757,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College.  He  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  was  United  States 
District  Attorney  in  1812 ;  held  many 
other  important  public  positions,  and 
was  a  leading  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Rhode  Island,  from  1825  to  1839.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Legislature  for  many  years.  Died  at 
Newport,  Rhode  Island,  February  25, 
1845. 

RobMns,  George  It. — Born  near 
Allentown,  Monmouth  County,  New 
Jersey,  September  24,  1812  ;  graduated 
at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila 
delphia,  in  1837,  and  pursued  the  prac 
tice  of  medicine  until  his  election  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  during  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

RobMns,  John,  Jr.— He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


313 


tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1855. 

Roberts,  Anthony  E.— Born  in 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  Octo 
ber,  1803,  but  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Lancaster  County  in  his  infancy.  He 
received  a  common  school  education, 
and  commenced  life  as  a  merchant.  In 
1839  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Lancaster 
County,  and  held  the  office  till  1842. 
In  1849  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Taylor  Marshal  of  the  Eastern  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  1853,  and  collected  the 
statistics  for  the  Seventh  Census  of  that 
District.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mi 
litia. 

Roberts,  Jonathan.  —  Born  in 
1771,  and  early  in  the  present  century 
was  elected  to  both  branches  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  Pennsylvania ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1814,  and  an  advocate  of  the  war  of 
1812.  From  1814  to  1821  he  was  a  Se 
nator  of  the  United  States;  and  in  1841 
he  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Port 
of  Philadelphia  by  President  Harrison. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  July,  1854. 

Roberts,   Robert    W.  —  He   was 

born  in  Delaware,  and  having  settled 
in  Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Robertson,  George.  —  Born  in 
Mercer  County,  Kentucky,  November 
18,  1790,  and  completed  his  education 
in  Transylvania  University.  He  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in  1809. 
In  1816  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  and  served  from  1817  to 
1821.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  four 
sessions,  ending  in  1827.  In  1828  he 
was  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  same 
year  chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  and  in  1829  commissioned  Chief 
Justice  of  Kentucky,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  1843,  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Lexington  in  1835.  He 
was  Professor  of  Law  in  Transylvania 
University  for  twenty-three  years,  and 
is  still  engaged  in  teaching  law.  He  has 
repeatedly  declined  important  offices,  in 
cluding  missions  to  Colombia  and  Peru. 


Robertson,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1834 
to  1839. 

Robertson,  Thomas  R. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1812  to  1818,  having 
been  the  first  member  elected  under  the 

State  Constitution. 

Robie,  Retibeti. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  and,  having  settle'd  in  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Robinson,  Christopher. — He  was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  Rhode 
Island,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary. 

Robinson,  Edward. — He  was   a 

shipmaster  and  merchant ;  served  two 
years  in  the  Maine  Senate ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
during  the  years  1838  and  1839.  In 
1840  he  was  a  Presidential  Elector ;  and 
died  February  20,  1857,  aged  sixty-one 
years. 

Robinson,  James  C. — Was  born 
in  Edgar  County,  Illinois,  in  1822; 
served  as  a  private  in  the  Mexican  war; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1854 ;  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  and  Thirty-eighth  Congresses, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Mileage,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department. 

Robinson,  John  L. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1847 
to  1853. 

Robinson,  John  M. — He  was  born 
in  1793,  and  was  one  of  the  early  set 
tlers  of  Illinois  ;  and  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State.  He 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1830  to 
1842,  and  died  at  Ottawa,  Illinois,  April 
26,  1843. 

Robinson,  Jonathan. — He  was 

appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Vermont  in 


21 


314 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1801,  in  the  place  of  Judge  Smith,  who 
resigned,  and  in  1806  was  elected  to 
succeed  Mr.  Smith  as  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  from  1807  to  1815.  He 
died  at  Bennington,  November  3,  1819, 
aged  sixty-four. 

Robinson,  Moses. — He  was  Go 
vernor  of  Vermont,  having  succeeded 
Mr.  Chittenden,  in  1789.  He  wa%  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  under  the  administration  of 
Washington,  from  1791  to  1796,  when 
he  resigned.  He  was  one  of  the  mi 
nority  who  were  opposed  to  the  ratifi 
cation  of  Jay's  Treaty.  He  died  at 
Bennington,  May  26,  1813,  aged  se 
venty-two. 

Robinson,  Orville. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845.  He  also  served  four  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  New  York,  from  Os- 
wego  County. 

Robinson,   Thomas. — He  was  a 

Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Dela 
ware,  from  1839  to  1841,  and  died  in 
Sussex  County,  of  that  State,  October 
28,  1843. 

Robison,  David  F. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Eepresen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Rochester,  William  jB. — He  was 

born  in  Washington  County,  Mary 
land,  and  was  a  man  of  legal  acquire 
ments,  much  respected  for  his  abilities, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1821  to  1823.  He  sub 
sequently  held  the  office  of  Circuit 
Judge  in  New  York.  He  was  lost, 
with  many  others,  off  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina,  by  the  explosion  of  the  steamer 
Pulaski,  June  15,  1838. 

RocTchill,  William. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and,  having  settled  in 
Indiana,  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Rockwell,  John  A. — Born  in  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  in  1804 ;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1822 ;  studied  law, 
which  he  practised  with  ability  and 
success ;  was  twice  elected  to  the  State 
Senate ;  was  at  one  time  Judge  of  the 


County  Court  for  New  London  County; 
and  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1845  to  1849, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims.  He  subsequently  practised 
in  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  was  the 
author  of  a  work  on  Spanish  law.  Died 
in  Washington  of  apoplexy,  February 
10,  1861. 

Rockwell,  Julius. — Born  at  Cole- 
brook,  Litchfield  County,  Connecticut, 
April  26,  1805.  Entered  Yale  College 
in  1822,  and  graduated  in  1826  ;  studied 
law  at  the  New  Haven  Law  School,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Litchfield 
County,  in  1829,  commencing  practice 
in  1830,  at  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Ee- 
preseiitatives  of  Massachusetts,  from 
1834  to  1838,  and  was  Speaker,  from  1835 
to  1838,  and  in  that  year  was  appointed 
Bank  Commissioner,  and  held  the  office 
three  years.  He  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  1847  to  1851,  and 
United  States  Senator  for  two  sessions, 
to  succeed  Mr.  Everett.  In  1853  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise 
the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts  ;  and 
in  1858  was  again  elected  to  the  House  of 
Eepresentatives  of  that  State. 

Rodf/ers,  James.  —  He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina ;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  that  State  in  1813  ;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law  ;  and  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Rodman,  William.  —  Born  in 
Bensalcm,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  October  7,  1757,  his  parents  being 
of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  received 
a  liberal  education  ;  served  in  the  Ee- 
volutionary  war  as  a  soldier;  under  the 
call  from  Washington,  he  raised  and 
commanded  a  company,  during  the 
"Whiskey  Insurrection"  in  Western 
Pennsylvania  ;  he  was,  for  many  years, 
in  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State ; 
and  he  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  at 
the  place  of  his  birth,  July  27,  1824. 

Rodney,  CcesarA.—Kv  was  a  Ee 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1803  to  1805.  He  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States, 
by  President  Jefferson  ;  and  in  1812  com 
manded  a  company  of  volunteers  in  de- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


315 


fence  of  Baltimore ;  again  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware,  from 
1819  to  1821 ;  and  a  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  from  1821  to  1823,  in  which 
year  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Buenos  Ayres,  where  he 
died  June  10,  1824. 

Rodney,  Daniel. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  the  State 
of  Delaware,  from  1822  to  1823,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1826  to  1827. 

Rodney,  George  J5. — He  was  born 
in  Delaware  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1820,  and  was  a  Representa- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1841  to  1845.  He  was  a  Delegate 
in  1861  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  Wash 
ington. 

Rogers,  Andrew  J. — He  was  born 
in  Hamburg,  Sussex  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  July  1,  1828  ;  received  a  limited 
education  ;  spent  the  most  of  his  youth 
as  an  assistant  in  a  hotel  and  in  a  coun 
try  store ;  taught  school  for  two  years 
and  a  half,  during  which  time  he  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1852 ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  Jersey,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Rogers,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845.  He  also  served  in  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York,  from  Washington 
County,  in  1833  and  1837. 

Rogers,  Edivard. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Madi 
son  County,  New  York.  He  was,  for 
many  years,  County  Judge ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1843  to  1845.  He  died  in 
G-alway,  Saratoga  County,  New  York, 
May  23,  1857,  aged  seventy  years. 

Rogers,  Sion  H. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Rogers,  Thomas  J. — He  was  born 
in  Waterford,  Ireland,  and  came  to  this 
country  when  three  years  of  age  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1818  to  1824,  and  died  in 


New  York  City,  December  7,  1832,  aged 
fifty-one  years. 

Rollins,   Edward  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Somersworth,  now  Rollingford, 
Stratford  County,  New  Hampshire,  Oc 
tober  3,  1824;  received  an  academical 
education,  and  for  a  short  time  taught 
school ;  was  devoted  for  several  years  to 
mercantile  pursuits,  first  as  a  clerk  and 
then  as  an  apothecary ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1855,  1856, 
and  1857,  serving  as  Speaker  during  the 
last  two  years ;  was  chosen  Chairman  of 
the  State  Republican  Committee  in  1856, 
which  position  he  held  until  he  entered 
Congress ;  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  Hampshire,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia ;  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ac 
counts. 

Rollins,  James  Sidney.  —  Was 

born  in  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
April  19,  1812;  graduated  at  the  State 
University  of  Indiana,  at  Bloomington, 
in  1830 ;  studied  law,  and  graduated  at 
the  Transylvania  Law  School,  in  Ken 
tucky,  in  1833 ;  and  soon  afterwards 
settled  in  Boone  County,  Missouri.  In 
1838  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  re-elected  in  1840  and  1842; 
in  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Se 
nate,  and  served  four  years  ;  in  1854  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature ;  in 
1857  he  was  defeated  as  the  Whig  can 
didate  for  G-overnor  by  two  hundred 
and  thirty  votes,  100,000  having  been 
polled,  though  many  thought  him  legally 
elected ;  in  1860  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Missouri,  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  of  Commerce  and  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  War  Department. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1862  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Roman,  James  D. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland  ;  was  educated  a  lawyer  ; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  on  two  occa 
sions  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849.  He  is  at  the  present  time  Presi 
dent  of  the  Hagerstown  Bank.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress 
of  1861. 

Roosevelt,  James  I. — Born  in  the 


316 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


city  of  New  York,  December,  1796  ; 
was  educated  at  Columbia  College  ;  stu 
died  law  with  Peter  Augustus  Jay,  and 
was  for  several  years  his  partner.  In 
1835  and  1840  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1842  and  1843 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York  City.  He  declined  a  re-elec 
tion,  and  went  abroad  in  1843.  On  his 
return  he  retired  from  the  practice  of 
law  to  private  life  ;  but  was  induced  to 
accept  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1851.  He 
was  also  for  several  years  in  early  life  a 
member  of  the  city  government. 

Root,  Erastus.  —  Born  in  Hebron, 
Connecticut,  March  16,  1772;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1793;  after 
which  he  taught  school  for  some  time, 
and  then  studied  law  and  settled  in  De 
laware  County,  New  York,  in  1796.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Assembly 
eleven  years  ;  Speaker  of  the  House 
three  years  ;  State  Senator  eight  years  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1803  to  1805,  from  1809  to  1811,  1812  to 
1813,  1815  to  1817,  in  which  year  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  at  Delhi,  New 
York,  and  was  re-elected  to  Congress, 
from  1831  to  1833.  In  1822  he  was  cho 
sen  Lieutenant  -Governor  of  the  State, 
and  he  was  also  Major-General  of  mili 
tia.  He  died  in  New  York  City,  De 
cember  24,  1846.  His  intellect  and 
tastes  were  highly  cultivated. 


y  Joseph  M.  —  Born  in  Ca- 
yuga,  New  York,  October  7,  1817  ; 
read  law  at  Auburn,  and  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1829;  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  in  that  State  ;  in  1840  chosen 
to  the  State  Senate  ;  and  served  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1845 
to  1851.  He  was  for  a  time  Chairman 
of  the  Committees  on  the  Post-office, 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  De 
partment. 

Hose,  Robert  L.  —  Born  in  Geneva, 
New  York,  October  12,  1804  ;  is  a  far 
mer  by  occupation  ;  has  held  the  office 
of  Supervisor  for  the  town  of  Allen's 
Hill;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1847  to 
1851. 

Rose,  Robert  R.  —  He  was  born  in 
Henrico  County,  Virginia  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  the 
State  of  New  York,  from  1823  to  1827, 


and  again  from  1829  to  1831.  He  died 
at  Waterloo,  New  York,  November  24, 
1835,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Ross,  Henry  If. — He  was  born  in 
Essex  County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Ross,  James. — Born  about  the  year 
1761,  in  Pensylvania.  He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1794  to  1803, 
serving  during  one  session  as  President 
pro  tern,  of  that  body,  and  died  at  his 
residence,  near  Pittsburg,  November  27, 
1847. 

Ross,  John. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1809  to  1811,  and  again  from  1815 
to  1818. 

Ross,  Lewis  W. — He  was  born  in 

Seneca  County,  New  York,  December 
8,  1812 ;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Illinois  when  a  boy ;  was  educated  at 
the  Illinois  College ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law.  In  1840  and  1844  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848 ; 
and  a  Delegate  in  1860  to  the  Charles 
ton  and  Baltimore  Conventions.  In 
1861  was  elected  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention ;  and  in  1862  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Illinois,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Ross,  Thomas. — He  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania  ;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1825;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Ross,  Thomas  R. — He  was  born  in 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1819  to  1825. 

Ro^van,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  in  1773 ;  emigrated  to 
Kentucky  when  quite  young  ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  form 
ed  the  Constitution  of  1799  ;  he  was  Se 
cretary  of  State  in  1804  ;  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1807  to  1809;  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  ;  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals  in  1819  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1825  to  1831.  His  last 
public  position  was  that  of  Commis- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


317 


sioner  for  carrying  out  a  late  treaty  with 
Mexico.  He  died  in  Louisville,  Ken 
tucky,  July  13,  1843. 

Itotue,  Peter. — He  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Royce,  Homer  E. — He  was  born 
in  Berkshire,  Yermont,  in  1819 ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1842  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1846  and  1847  ;  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  the  State  in  1848 ;  a 
State  Senator  in  1849,  1850,  and  1851 ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Vermont,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Aifairs.  He  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  same  Com 
mittee. 

Ruffin,  Thomas.— Vorn  in  Edge- 
combe  County,  North  Carolina ;  gradu 
ated  at  Chapel  Hill  University  ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  served  as  Cir 
cuit  Attorney  of  the  Seventh  Judicial 
Circuit  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  from 
December,  1844,  to  December,  1848; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
North  Carolina,  to  the  Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and  ^Thirty- 
sixth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands,  on 
Accounts,  and  on  the  Militia.  He  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Rebel  Congress,  having  pre 
viously  been  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861.  He  also  served  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Southern  army,  and  from 
the  effects  of  a  wound,  died  at  Alexan 
dria,  Virginia,  in  October,  1863. 

Ruf/gles,  Benjamin.  —  Born  in 
Windham  County,  Connecticut.  He 
obtained  the  means  for  receiving  a  clas 
sical  education  by  teaching  a  school  in 
winter.  He  studied  law,  and  after  his 
admission  to  the  bar  removed  to  Mari 
etta,  Ohio  ;  he  subsequently  settled  at 
St.  Clairsville  ;  and  in  1810  was  elected 
President  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  for  the  Third  Circuit.  He 
was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States,  from  Ohio, 
serving  from  1815  to  1833 ;  and  from 
his  well-known  habits  of  industry  and 
constant  devotion  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients,  he  was  called  "  The  Wheel- 


horse  of  the  Senate."  From  his  youth 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra 
ternity.  He  died  at  St.  Clairsville,  Sep 
tember  2, 1857,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Ruggles,   Charles  H. — He  was 

born  in  Litchfield  County,  Connecticut, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1820 ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1821 
to  1823,  and  also  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York. 

Ruggles,  John. — Born  in  West- 
boro,  Massachusetts;  was  well  educated, 
but  possessed  a  taste  for  the  mechanic 
arts ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  He  took  a  special  interest  in, 
and  was  the  originator,  when  in  Con 
gress,  of  the  idea  of  a  reorganization 
of  the  Patent-office,  and  the  very  first 
patent  granted  after  the  reorganization, 
July  28,  1836,  was  granted  to  him  for  a 
locomotive  steam-engine.  He  was  nine 
times  elected  to  the  Maine  Legislature, 
and  officiated  as  Speaker  three  years  ; 
and  from  1835  to  1841  was  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

Ruggles,  Nathaniel. — He  was  a 

native  of  Massachusetts  ;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1781  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1813  to  1819,  and  died 
at  Roxbury,  Massachusetts,  December 
19,  of  the  latter  year,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

Rumsey,  David. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1851. 

Rumsey  f  Edward. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress",  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

RunTc,  John. — He  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

Rusk,  Thomas  J. — He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina ;  studied  law,  and 
practised  with  success  in  Georgia.  In 
the  early  part  of  1835  he  removed  to 
Texas,  and  was  a  prominent  actor  in  all 
the  important  events  in  the  history  of 


318 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Kepublic  and  the  State  of  Texas. 
He  was  a  memher  of  the  Convention 
that  declared  Texas  an  independent  Ke 
public,  in  March,  1836 ;  was  the  first 
Secretary  of  War ;  participated  in  the 
battle  of  San  Jacinto,  and  took  com 
mand  of  the  army  after  General  Hous 
ton  was  wounded.  He  continued  in 
command  of  the  army  until  the  organi 
zation  of  the  Constitutional  Govern 
ment,  in  October,  1836,  when  he  was 
again  appointed  Secretary  of  War, 
and  resigned  after  a  few  months.  He 
afterwards  commanded  several  expedi 
tions  against  the  Indians  ;  served  as  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives,  and  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  which  last  office  he  re 
signed  early  in  1842.  In  1845  he  was 
President  of  the  Convention  that  con 
summated  the  annexation  of  Texas  to 
the  United  States.  Upon  the  admis 
sion  of  Texas  into  the  Union  in  1845, 
he  was  elected  one  of  the  Senators  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  office  he  served  two  terms,  and 
was  elected  for  the  third  term.  He  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Post- 
office.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
wagon-road  to  the  Pacific,  and  the  over 
land  mail.  At  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Nacogdoches,  Texas, 
July  29,  1856,  he  was  President,  pro 
tern.,  of  the  Senate.  In  a  moment  of 
insanity,  caused  by  overwhelming  grief 
at  the  death  of  his  wife,  he  took  his  own 
life,  aged  fifty-four. 

Russ,  John. — He  was  a  native  of 
Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1819  to  1823.  He  died  at 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  June  22,  1832, 
aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Russell,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1835  to  1841,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims.  He  was  also 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State,  in  1816 
and  1830,  from  Washington  County, 
and  District  Attorney  for  Northern 
New  York.  Died  at  Salem,  Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  November  24, 
1861,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

Russell,  James  M. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1842  to  1843. 


Russell,  Jeremiah. — He  was  born 

in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Russell,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1805  to  1809. 

Russell,  Jonathan. — He  wtas  ap 
pointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Sweden  in  1814,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1821  to  1823.  Died  February  16, 
1832.  His  birthplace  was  Middlesex 
County,  Massachusetts. 

Russell,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847,  and  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Russell,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Russell,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Ireland,  and  having  emigrated  to 
Ohio,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1827  to  1833,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843. 

Russell,  William  F.— Born  in 
Saugerties,  Ulster  County,  New  York ; 
was  a  merchant  for  twenty  years,  and  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  New 
York,  in  1850,  serving  one  term ;  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Affairs. 

Rust,  Albert. — He  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  removing  to  Arkansas,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1855  to  1857,  and  again 
from  1859  to  1861,  serving  on  the'Com- 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals.  He  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was 
a  Brigadier-General. 

Rutherford,  John.— He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  City ;  a  nephew  of 
William  Alexander,  Earl  of  Stirling ; 
graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1776  ;  was  educated  a  lawyer  ;  was  one 
of  the  first  Presidential  Electors,  arid  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1791  to  1798;  and  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  Senators  in  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


319 


gress  during  the  administration  of 
Washington.  He  early  retired  from 
public  life,  and,  being  one  of  the  largest 
landholders  in  New  Jersey,  was  actively 
engaged  in  agricultural  and  internal 
improvements.  He  died  at  Ederston, 
New  Jersey,  February  23,  1840,  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age. 

Rutherford,  Robert. — He  was  a 

Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1793  to  1797. 

Rutledye,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1739;  emigrated  to  South 
Carolina  ;  studied  law  in  England,  and, 
returning  to  South  Carolina  in  1761 , 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary 
cause,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress.  In  1776  he  was  ap 
pointed  President  of  South  Carolina, 
and  Commander-in-chief  of  that  Colony, 
having  also  been  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  of  1774.  He  was  Governor  of 
the  State  in  1779;  Chancellor  of  the 
State  in  1784 ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1797  to  1803;  and,  after 
having  been  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  Chief  Justice  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  was  finally  promoted 
to  the  position  of  Chief  Justice,  in  which 
capacity  he  died  January  23,  1800. 

Ryall,  D.  B. — He  was  born  in 
Trenton,  New  Jersey;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Sabin,  Alvah. — He  was  born  in 
Georgia,  Vermont,  October  23,  1793; 
was  educated  for  the  ministry  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1857.  He  served 
ten  years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
was  Secretary  of  State  for  Vermont,  in 
1841. 

Sabine,  Lorenzo. — He  was  born 

in  Lisbon,  New  Hampshire,  February 
28,  1803;  was  entirely  self-educated; 
was  bred  a  merchant ;  was  for  many 
years  a  bank  officer  ;  and  was  for  some 
time  Secretary  of  the  Boston  Board 
of  Trade.  He  was  three  times  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Maine,  from  East- 
port,  and  was  at  one  time  Deputy  Col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Passamaquoddy. 
He  has  held,  in  Massachusetts,  the  po 
sition  of  Confidential  Agent  of  the  Trea 


sury  Department ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress.  He  has  devoted  much 
of  his  time  to  literary  pursuits,  and  is 
the  author  of  a  "  Life  of  Commodore 
Preble,"  "The  American  Loyalists," 
"Report  on  the  American  Fisheries," 
and  "Notes  on  Duels  and  Duelling," 
and  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  North 
American  Review.  The  degree  of  A.M. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoin 
and  Harvard  Colleges. 

Sackett,    William    A. — Born    in 

New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Sage,  Ebenezer. — He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1778,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1819 
to  1820.  He  died  in  1834. 

Sage,  Russell. — Born  in  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  August  4,  1816; 
received  a  common  school  education ; 
commenced  active  life  as  a  clerk  in  a 
store  at  Troy,  and  until  1853  was  wholly 
devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1841 
he  was  elected  an  Alderman  in  the  city 
of  Troy,  and,  by  annual  elections,  served 
seven  years  in  that  capacity ;  he  was 
also  Treasurer  of  Rensselaer  County  for 
seven  years,  in  which  office  he  was  espe 
cially  popular ;  and  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1853  to  1857,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  on 
Ways  and  Means.  He  was  the  first 
man  who  advocated,  on  the  floor  of  Con 
gress,  the  purchase  by  the  General  Go 
vernment,  of  Mount  Vernon ;  and  he 
was  among  the  most  active  supporters 
of  Mr.  Banks  for  the  office  of  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives.  He 
is  at  the  present  time  wholly  devoted  to 
his  private  affairs. 

Sailly,  Peter. — He  was  born  in  Lo- 
raine,  France;  first  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1783,  and  settled  in  Clinton 
County,  New  York.  Having  been  well 
educated,  and  possessing  a  decided  talent 
for  business,  he  acquired  considerable 
influence,  and  held  several  offices  of 
public  trust  in  his  adopted  State.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1805  to  1807,  and  on 
his  retirement  from  that  position,  he 


320 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
Collector  of  Customs  for  the  District  of 
Champlain,  holding  the  office  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Plattsburg,  in 
1826. 

Saltonstall,  Lever  ett. —  Born  in 
Massachusetts,  in  1781;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1802 ;  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  Salem  in  1805, 
and  was  distinguished  as  a  lawyer ;  he 
frequently  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1839  to  1843.  He  was  also 
an  active  member  of  the  American  Aca 
demy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  College, 
to  which  he  left  a  legacy,  and  he  also 
made  a  bequest  of  valuable  books  to 
Phillips's  Academy,  at  Exeter,  where 
he  commenced  his  education.  He  died 
at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  May  8,  1845. 

Sammons,  Thomas. — He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1803  to  1807,  and  again 
from  1809  to  1813. 

Sample,  Samuel  C. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Sampson,  Zabdiel. — He  was  born 
in  Plympton,  Massachusetts ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1803,  and  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1817  to  1819  ;  and  in 
1820  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  at  Plymouth,  where  he  died,  while 
in  office,  July  19,  1828. 

Samuel,  Green  J5. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1839  to  1841. 

Sandford,  John. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Senate,  in  the  extra  session 
of  1851.  He  died  in  Amsterdam,  Mont 
gomery  Countv,  New  York,  October, 
1857. 

Sandford,  Jonah.  —  He    was    a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1827  and  1830,  from  the  County  of  St. 


Lawrence,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1830  to  1831. 

Sandidge,  John  M.  —  Born  in 
Franklin  County,  Georgia,  January  7, 
1817  ;  was  a  planter  by  occupation,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  Louisiana  from  1846  to  1855.  In 
1852  he  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  that  framed  the  present  Constitu 
tion  of  that  State ;  Speaker  of  the  House 
in  1854  and  1855;  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims.  Died  in  Louisiana  in  the  au 
tumn  of  1861. 

Sands,  Joshua. — He  was  born  in 

Queen's  County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Senate,  from 
King's  County,  from  1792  to  1799,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1803 
to  1804,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 

Sanford,  James  T. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  but  removed  to  Tennessee 
at  an  early  day.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1823  to  1825..  He  was  liberally  edu 
cated,  and  having  acquired  a  large  pro 
perty  in  the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  he 
appropriated  a  part  of  his  wealth  to  the 
establishment  of  "Jackson  College," 
where  many  prominent  men  have  been 
educated.  He  died  many  years  ago. 

Sanford,  Nathan. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York,  and  held  successively 
the  public  positions  of  Speaker  of  the 
New  York  Assembly,  District  Attorney 
of  the  United  States  for  his  State,  Uni 
ted  States  Senator  from  1815  to  1821, 
Chancellor  of  the  State,  and  was  again 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1831.  He  died  on  Long  Island,  in  Oc 
tober,  1838. 

Sanford,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Sapp,  William  R. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1857. 

Sargent,  Aaron  A. — Was  born  in 
Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  Septem 
ber  28,  1827 ;  early  acquired  a  know 
ledge  of  the  printing  business;  emi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


321 


grated  to  California  in  1849 ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854 ;  and 
in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  California,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Select  Committee  on  the  Pacific  Kail- 
road,  to  which  enterprise  he  was  par 
ticularly  devoted. 

Saulsbury,  Wlllard. — Was  born 
in  Kent  County,  Delaware,  June  2, 
1820 ;  was  educated  at  Delaware  Col 
lege  and  also  at  Dickinson  College  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1845 ;  in  1850  he  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  Delaware,  and  held 
the  office  five  years  ;  and  in  1859  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1865,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  Pensions, 
and  Patents,  and  the  Patent-office.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  of  1864. 


Saunders,  Romulus  M. — Born 
in  Caswell  County,  North  Carolina, 
March,  1791.  He  received  an  acade 
mical  education,  and  spent  two  years  in 
the  University  of  that  State.  He  stu 
died  law  in  Tennessee,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  there  in  1812.  He  returned 
to  North  Carolina  ;  was  in  the  House  of 
Commons  from  1815  to  1820,  and  for 
two  years  Speaker  of  the  House.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1827,  and  from  1841  to  1845.  In 
1828  he  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  in  1833  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  to  settle  the 
claims  of  American  citizens  under  the 
treaty  of  July  4,  1831,  with  France;  in 
1835  he  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court ;  in  1846  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Polk  Minister  to  Spain, 
where  he  remained  four  years  ;  on  his 
return  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  of  North  Carolina,  and  since 
then  has  been  devoting  much  attention 
to  the  railroad  improvements  of  the 
State. 

Savage,  John. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1814  ; 
and  from  1815  to  1819  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State.  He  sub 
sequently  held  the  positions  of  District 
Attorney,  Comptroller  of  the  State, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  for 
New  York. 


Savage,  John  H. — He  is  a  native 
of  Warren  County,  Tennessee.  During 
his  minority  he  volunteered  as  a  private 
soldier  under  General  Gaines  to  defend 
the  Texan  frontier  ;  also  served  during 
a  campaign  in  Florida.  He  afterwards 
studied  law,  and  commenced  practice, 
in  1837,  at  Smithville,  Tennessee.  He 
was  elected  Colonel  of  the  Tennessee 
militia  ;  was  elected  by  the  Legislature 
Attorney-General  of  the  Fourth  Dis 
trict  of  his  State  in  1841,  and  held  the 
office  until  1847.  During  that  year  he 
received  from  President  Polk  the  ap 
pointment  of  Major  in  the  Fourteenth 
Regiment  United  States  Infantry,  and 
joining  the  American  army  in  Mexico, 
was  present  at  the  battles  of  Contreras, 
Churubusco,  and  Molina  del  Rey,  and 
was  wounded  at  Chapultepec.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  position  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  as  such,  had  command  of 
his  regiment,  after  the  death  of  Colonel 
Graham,  until  the  close  of  the  war.  On 
returning  to  Tennessee,  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  was  first 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  1849 ;  he  was  re-elected  in  1851  ;  de 
clined  being  a  candidate  in  1853  ;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1855  and  1857.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs. 

Saivtelle,   Cutten. — He  was  born 

in  Norridgewock,  Maine ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1825 ;  studied  law, 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829  ;  served 
eight  years  as  Judge  of  Probate ;  was  a 
State  Senator  during  the  years  1843  and 
1844 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 

Sawyer,  Lemuel. — Was  born  in 
Camden  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1777  ;  educated  at  Flatbush,  New 
York ;  studied  law ;  was  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1801,  and  voted  in  the 
Electoral  College  for  Thomas  Jefferson 
in  1804.  He  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  Congress  in  1807,  serving  until 
1813;  and  subsequently  served  in  the' 
same  capacity  from  1817  to  1823,  and 
from  1825  to  1829.  About  the  year  1850 
he  removed  to  Washington,  and  held  a 
clerkship  in  one  of  the  departments. 

Sawyer,  S.  T. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839. 


322 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Saivyer,  William. — Born  in  Ohio, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1849. 

Say,  Benjamin. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1808  to  1809. 

Scales,  Alfred  M.,  Jr.— He  was 

born  in  Rockingham  County,  North 
Carolina,  November  26,  1827  ;  was  edu 
cated  chiefly  at  the  Chapel  Hill  Uni 
versity  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851  ; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  in  1852  and  1856  ;  and  in  1857 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
his  native  State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Scammon,  John  F. —  Born  in 
Saco,  Maine  ;  was  bred  a  merchant ; 
served  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature 
as  Representative  during  1817,  and  in 
the  Maine  Legislature  in  1820  and  1821  ; 
was  Collector  of  Customs  at  Saco  from 
1829  to  1841 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1845  to 
1847 ;  a  State  Senator  in  1855 ;  and 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  an  insurance 
company  at  the  time  of  his  death,  May 
23,  1858. 

SchencJc,  Abraham  H. — He  was 

born  in  1777  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1804,  1805,  and  1806  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1815  to  1817.  He  was 
among  the  first  who  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  under  the  non- 
intercourse  laws.  Died  in  1831. 

Schenck,  Ferdinand  S. —  Born 
in  Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey,  Feb 
ruary  11,  1790;  he  received  a  common 
school  education ;  and  having  studied 
medicine,  was  for  many  years  devoted 
to  the  practice.  In  1829  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected 
in  1830  and  1831 ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1833  to  1837.  He  was  a  member, 
in  1844,  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution,  and  was  soon  after 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeal,  which  position  he  held  for 
eight  years.  Died  at  Camden,  May  17, 
1860. 

Schenck,    Robert   C.  —  Born    in 


Franklin,  "Warren  County,  Ohio, October 
4,  1809  ;  graduated  at  Miami  University 
in  1827,  where  he  remained  one  or  two 
years  as  a  tutor;  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  and 
settled  in  Dayton.  In  1840  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature ;  .re- 
elected  in  1842,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1843  to  1851,  serving  on  many 
committees  ;  during  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals.  On  his  retirement 
from  Congress,  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Brazil, 
and  during  his  residence  in  South  Ame 
rica,  he  took  part  in  negotiating  a  num 
ber  of  treaties.  On  his  return  in  1853, 
he  became  extensively  engaged  in  the 
railway  business.  During  the  troubles 
of  1861,  he  served  as  a  Brigadier  and 
Major-General  in  the  Union  army,  and 
in  1862  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

Schermerhorn,  Abraham  M. — 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1849  to  1853, 
and  died  in  Rochester,  New  York,  Au 
gust  22,  1855. 

Schley,  William.— Born  in  Frede 
rick  City,  Maryland,  December  15, 
1786.  He  received  an  academical  edu 
cation  in  Georgia ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Augusta  in 
1812 ;  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  until  1825,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
Middle  District  of  Georgia.  He  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1830, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  during  the  two 
following  years  was  Governor  of  Geor 
gia.  He  published  a  "  Digest  of  the 
English  Statutes."  He  was,  when  Go 
vernor,  one  of  the  most  active  supporters 
of  the  Western  and  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Medical  College  of  Georgia. 
He  died  at  Augusta,  Georgia,  Novem 
ber  20,  1858. 

Schoolcraft,  John    L.— He  was 

born  in  Albany,  New  York,  and  was 
all  his  life  identified  with  that  city  as  a 
merchant.  He  was  for  many  years 
President  of  the  Commercial  Bank  of 
Albany;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1849 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


323 


to  1853.  Died  at  St.  Catharine's,  Can 
ada  West,  in  May,  1860. 

Schoonnwdcer,  Cornelius  C. — He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1791  to  1793,  and  was 
for  fourteen  years,  before  and  after  the 
above  term,  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  the  County  of  Ulster. 

SclwoninaJcer,  Marius.  —  Born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Schureman,  James. — He  was  a 

prominent  man  in  New  Jersey  during 
the  Revolution,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Queen's  College.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1789  to  1791,  and  from  1797  to 
1799  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1799 
to  1801,  when  he  resigned ;  and  again  a 
Representative,  from  1813  to  1815.  He 
was  also,  at  one  time,  Mayor  of  New 
Brunswick. 

Schureman,  Martin  G. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1805  to  1807. 

Schuyler,  */. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1817  to  1819,  and  died  in  New 
York  City,  February  21,  1835,  aged 
sixty-seven  years. 

Schuyler,  Philip. — Was  a  native 
of  Albany,  New  York.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Major-General  in  the  army  of 
the  Revolution  in  1775,  and  despatched 
to  the  fortifications  in  the  north  of  New 
York,  to  prepare  for  the  invasion  of 
Canada.  By  the  loss  of  his  health,  the 
command  soon  devolved  upon  Mont 
gomery.  On  his  recovery,  he  directed 
the  operations  against  Burgoyne,  and 
in  consequence  of  the  evacuation  of  Ti- 
conderoga,  he  unreasonably  fell  under 
some  suspicion,  and  was  superseded  in 
command  by  General  Gates.  He  after 
wards  rendered  important  services, 
though  not  in  command.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  previous  to  the 
present  Constitution,  and  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  from  1789  to  1791. 
He  died  at  Albany  in  1804,  aged  seventy- 
three. 

Schwarts,  John. — Born  in  Berks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October  27, 


1793  ;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion  ;  served  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  last 
war  with  Great  Britain  ;  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  from  1806  to  1829, 
and  from  that  year  to  1857  was  wholly 
devoted  to  farming.  He  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  but  died  be 
fore  the  expiration  of  his  first  session, 
in  July,  1860. 

Scofield,  Glenni  W. — He  was  born 

in  Chautauque  County,  New  York, 
March  11, 1817;  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College  in  1840,  and  removed  to  War 
ren,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  In  1850  and 
1851  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  As 
sembly  ;  and  from  1857  to  1859  he  was 
in  the  State  Senate.  In  1861  he  was 
appointed  President  Judge  of  the  Eigh 
teenth  Judicial  District  of  the  State,  and 
in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  of 
Elections,  and  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department. 

Scott,  Charles  L. — He  was  born  in 
Richmond,  Virginia,  January  23, 1827; 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege  ;  studied  law,  and  formed  a  part 
nership  with  his  father  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  at  Richmond.  In  1849 
he  embarked,  as  a  member  of  the  Madi 
son  Mining  and  Trading  Company,  for 
California.  In  1851  he  abandoned  the 
mines,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
in  Tuolumne  County,  California.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses, 
from  California,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 

Scott,  Harvey  D.  —  He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  having  removed  to  Indi 
ana,  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  from  that  State. 

Scott,  John. — He  was  born  in  Han 
over  County,  Virginia,  in  1782  ;  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana  in  1802  ; 
settled  at  St.  Genevieve,  Missouri,  in 
1805 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Missouri,  from  1816  to 
1821,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  the  same  State,  from  1821  to  1827. 
Died  at  St.  Genevieve  in  1861. 

Scott  y  John. — He  was  a  Representa- 


324 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tive  in  Congress,  from  Huntingdon 
County,  Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to 
1831. 

Scott,  John  #.—  Was  born  in  Phi 
ladelphia,  December  26,  1819  ;  left  that 
city  when  seventeen  years  of  age  to  seek 
his  fortune  in  the  West  ;  settled  in  Mis 
souri,  and  for  many  years  resided  at  the 
Iron  Mountain  ;  engaged  in  the  busi 
ness  of  iron-master,  and  developing  the 
mineral  resources  of  the  State  ;  and  in 
1862  he  was,  at  a  special  election,  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  in  the  place  of 
J.  W.  Noell,  deceased.  He  ran  for  Con 
gress,  at  the  regular  election,  against 
Mr.  Noell,  and  was  beaten  by  a  small 
majority.  His  committee  duties  have 
been  rendered  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 


Scott,  Thomas.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again  from 
1793  to  1795. 

Scranton,  George  W.  —  Born  in 
Madison,  New  Haven  County,  Connec 
ticut,  May  23,  1811;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  removed  to  New  Jersey  ; 
he  subsequently  removed  to  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  engaged  in  the  iron  and  railroad 
business,  having  extensive  interests  at 
Oxford,  New  Jersey,  and  at  Scranton, 
Pennsylvania  ;  he  held  the  positions  se 
verally  of  President  of  the  Lackawanna 
and  Western  Railroad  Company,  and  of 
the  Cayuga  and  Susquehanna  Railway 
Company  ;  and  in  1858  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
but  died  at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania, 
March  24,  1861. 

Scudder,  John  A.  —  He  was  a  na 

tive  of  New  Jersey  ;  a  physician  by  pro 
fession  ;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Assembly  of  his  native  State  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  James 
Cox,  who  died  in  1810. 

Scudder,  Treadwell.  —  He  was  for 

six  years  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  and  a  Representative  in  Con- 

fress,  from  New  York,  from    1817  to 
819. 


Scudder,  Zeno.  —  He  filled  with 
credit  various  public  positions.  He  was 
President  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1851  to  1854,  when  he  was  compelled,  by 
failing  health,  to  resign  his  seat.  He 
was  a  good  lawyer,  enjoyed  the  confi 
dence  and  respect  of  the  community  in 
which  he  lived,  and  died  at  Barnstable, 
Massachusetts.  June  26,  1857. 

Scurry,  Richardson.  —  Born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Texas,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Seaman,  Henry  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Searing,  John  A. — Born  in  Queen's 
County,  New  York,  May  14,  1814.  His 
father  died  when  he  was  young,  and  he 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of 
New  York,  by  his  grandparents.  He 
was  bred  a  farmer,  held  several  public 
positions  previously  to  his  election  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1853,  and  was  chosen  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions,  and  Accounts. 

Seaver,  Ebenezer. — Born  in  1763 ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1784  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  from  1794  to  1802;  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1820;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1803  to  1813. 
He  died  in  Roxbury,  Massachusetts, 
March  1,  1844. 

Sebastian,  W.  JR".— Born  in  Ver- 
non,  Tennessee,  and  educated  at  Colum 
bia  College,  in  that  State.  He  settled 
as  a  lawyer  in  Arkansas,  in  1835,  and 
was  soon  after  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney,  and  held  the  office  until  1837; 
he  was  Circuit  Judge  from  1840  to  1842, 
and  was  appointed  in  the  latter  year 
Supreme  Judge.  He  was  a  State  Sena 
tor,  and  President  of  the  body  in  1846; 
and  Presidential  Elector  in  1848.  He 
was  a  United  States  Senator  from  1848 
to  1852,  and  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six 
years,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Territories.  Ex 
pelled  July,  1861. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


325 


Seddon,  James  A. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1849 
to  1851 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Rebel  Go 
vernment  as  member  of  Congress  in 
1861,  having  previously  been  a  Delegate 
to  the  Peace  Congress  of  that  year.  In 
1862  he  became  the  Confederate  Secre 
tary  of  War. 

SedgivicJ?,  C.  J5. — Born  in  Pompey, 
New  York,  March,  1815;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  and  was  elected  a 
.Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs.  Ke-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
that  Committee.  -In  1863  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Com 
missioner  to  look  after  certain  naval 
affairs. 

SedgwicJc,  Tlieodore. — Was  born 
at  West  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  May, 
1746.  He  was  educated  at  Yale  College, 
but  did  not  graduate.  On  leaving  this 
institution,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
theology,  but  soon  relinquished  it,  and 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  before  reaching  the  age  of  twenty- 
one.  He  commenced  practice  at  Great 
JBarrington,  Massachusetts,  then  settled 
at  Sheffield,  and  afterwards  at  Stock- 
bridge,  in  the  same  county.  He  was  a 
zealous  patriot  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress,  in  1785  and  1786 ;  and  a 
Kepresentative  in  Congress,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  from  1789 
to  1796.  He  was  a  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  from  1796  to  1798,  and  served 
as  President  pro  tern,  during  one  session. 
In  1799  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
House,  and  was  chosen  Speaker.  From 
1802  until  his  death,  he  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts. 
He  died  at  Boston,  January  24,  1813. 
He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Princeton  and  Cambridge.  As  a  states 
man  and  jurist  he  was  highly  valued 
by  his  country.  His  life  was  in  an  un 
common  degree  varied  and  active  ;  his 
industry  was  unwearied,  and  an  ardent 
enthusiasm  was  the  basis  of  his  character. 

Segar,  Joseph  E. — Born  in  King 
William  County,  Virginia,  June  1, 
1804.  In  1836  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia,  and 


served  a  number  of  years ;  was  again 
elected  to  the  same  position  in  1848, 
and  continued  to  serve  almost  uninter 
ruptedly  until  the  State  rebelled  against 
the  Union.  After  Eastern  Virginia 
was  restored  to  the  Federal  authority 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Virginia,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress. 

Selden,  Dudley. — Formerly  a  pro 
minent  member  of  the  New  York  bar, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1833  to  1835.  He  died 
in  Paris,  France,  November  7,  1855. 

Semmes,  Benedict  J. — Was  born 
in  Charles  County,  Maryland,  Novem 
ber  1,  1789.  He  was  bred  to  the  profes 
sion  of  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Medical  School  in  Baltimore,  about  the 
year  1811.  He  settled  in  Piscataway, 
Maryland,  where  he  acquired  an  exten 
sive  practice,  but  subsequently  relin 
quished  his  profession.  In  the  year 
1821  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  was  again  elected  in  1825,  1827, 
and  1828,  and  during  one  session  was 
chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Dele 
gates.  In  1821  he  introduced  and  car 
ried  through  a  bill  for  removing  reli 
gious  tests,  as  applicable  to  office  in 
Maryland.  In  1829  he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  from  the  district  composed 
of  Prince  George  and  Anne  Arundel 
Counties,  and  the  City  of  Annapolis. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1831,  but  his  health 
soon  after  failing,  he  found  it  necessary 
to  retire,  at  a  time  when  there  was  no 
opposition  to  him  in  his  district.  He 
again  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1842  and  1843,  since  which  time  he  has 
lived  in  retirement  on  his  estate,  in  the 
County  of  Prince  George. 

Semple,  James. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Seney,  Joshua. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1789  to  1792. 

Senter,  William  T.  —  Born  in 
Granger  County,  Tennessee,  in  1802, 
and  died  there  August  28,  1849.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Sergeant.  John.  —  He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  1779;  graduated  at 


326 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Princeton  College  in  1795;  he  was  for 
a  short  time  a  clerk  in  a  store,  but  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1799.  His  first  appointment  was 
that  of  Prosecutor  for  the  Common 
wealth,  which  he  held  several  years. 
He  was  for  more  than  half  a  century 
known  and  honored  for  his  extraordi 
nary  ability  in  his  profession  of  the  law, 
for  his  habitual  courtesy,  his  liberal 
fairness,  and  his  integrity.  Elected  to 
Congress,  he  served  there  from  1815  to 
1823,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  from  1837 
to  1842.  He  was  especially  famous  for 
his  part  in  the  great  Missouri  Compro 
mise  of  1820.  For  the  Panama  Con 
gress,  Mr.  Sergeant  was  selected  by 
President  Adams  to  represent  the  Uni 
ted  States.  The  measures  of  interna 
tional  law  which  were  proposed  to  be 
settled  in  that  Congress  were  deemed 
so  important,  that  Mr.  Clay,  the  Secre 
tary  of  State,  had  filled  eighty  pages  of 
instructions  to  Mr.  Sergeant  on  the 
subject.  In  1832  Mr.  Sergeant  was  the 
Whig  candidate  for  Vice-President, 
being  upon  the  same  ticket  with  Henry 
Clay.  Forty-nine  electoral  votes  were 
cast  for  these  candidates.  At  the  out 
set  of  Harrison's  administration,  Mr. 
Sergeant  was  tendered  the  mission  to 
England,  which  he  declined.  In  the 
cause  of  charity  he  was  never  appealed 
to  in  vain  ;  and,  for  many  years  before 
his  death,  took  an  active  interest  in  all 
the  public  affairs  of  his  native  city. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia,  November  23, 
1852. 

Settle,  Thomas. — He  was  born  in 
Rockingham  County,  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  of  that  State  in  1815,  and 
in  1826,  1827,  and  1828,  at  which  last 
session  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1817  to  1821.  In  1832 
he  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Law  and  Equity,  and  held  the 
office  for  twenty  years,  when  he  re 
signed.  He  was  highly  esteemed  for 
his  many  virtues.  He  died  in  Rock 
ingham  County,  August  5,  1857,  aged 
sixty-five. 

Severance,  Lntlier. — He  was  born 
in  Montague,  Massachusetts,  October 
28, 1797  ;  and  having  been  bred  a  print 
er,  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  the 
Kennebec  Journal  from  1825  to  1849, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 


Maine,  from  1843  to  1847.  He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legis 
lature — five  years  in  the  Assembly,  and 
two  years  in  the  Senate — and,  by  Pre 
sident  Taylor,  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  He 
died  of  a  cancer,  January  25,  1855,  at 
Augusta,  Maine. 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H.  —  Born  in 
Tennessee  in  1802.  He  had  few  early 
advantages  of  education,  but  he  relied 
on  his  own  energies,  and  removed  to 
the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  where,  be 
fore  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney.  He 
was  first  elected  Clerk  of  the  Legisla 
ture,  and,  so  soon  as  he  was  eligible, 
was  elected  a  member  of  that  body,  first 
in  1823,  and  again  in  1825.  From  1827 
to  1836  he  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  Arkansas  ;  and  when  the  Terri 
tory  became  a  State,  in  1836,  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress.  He  was 
Chairman,  for  many  years,  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  after 
wards  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations.  He  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  in  1848,  to  accept  the  appoint 
ment,  from  President  Polk,  of  a  special 
mission  to  Mexico,  to  negotiate  a  peace. 
He  possessed  the  unbounded  confidence 
of  his  constituents  and  party.  He  died 
at  Little  Rock,  December  21,  1848. 

Sevier,  John. — A  native  of  Tennes 
see,  having  been  born  in  1744;  was  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  at 
King's  Mountain,  in  1780.  For  his  ser 
vices,  on  that  occasion,  the  Legislature 
of  North  Carolina,  in  1813,  voted  him 
a  sword.  He  commanded  the  forces 
which  defeated  the  Creek  and  Cherokee 
Indians,  in  1789.  He  was  afterwards  a 
General  in  the  Provisional  army ;  and 
from  1796  to  1801,  and  1803  to  1809, 
Governor  of  Tennessee ;  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1815,  and  was  then  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Monroe,  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  to  ascertain  the  boundary  line 
of  the  Creek  territory,  and  died  while 
engaged  in  that  service,  at  Fort  Deca- 
tur,  September  24,  1815. 

Sewall,  Samuel. — Born  in  Boston, 
December  11,  1757.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1776  ;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  settled  at  Marble- 
head  ;  in  1796  was  elected  a  Represen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


327 


tativein  Congress,  serving  till  1800,  and 
was  distinguished  in  that  body  by  his 
knowledge  of  commercial  law.  In  1800 
he  was  placed  upon  the  bench  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and 
in  1813  was  appointed  Chief  Justice. 
He  died  at  Wiscasset,  June  8,  1814, 
where  the  gentlemen  of  the  bar  erected 
a  monument  to  his  memory. 

Seward,  James  L. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  bred  a  lawyer.  He  first 
entered  Congress  in  1853,  as  a  Repre- 
sentative,  from  Georgia,  and  continued 
there  to  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,]  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Seward,    William  H.— Born  in 

Florida,  Orange  County,  New  York, 
May  16,  1801.  He  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1820;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1822,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  at  Auburn,  in  his 
native  State,  the  following  year.  In 
1830  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
Senate  for  four  years.  In  1834  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Whig  party  their 
candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State,  but 
failed  of  an  election.  In  1838,  however, 
on  a  second  nomination  for  the  same 
office,  he  was  elected,  and  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  in  January, 
1839.  During  the  four  years  that  he 
held  that  office,  he  upheld  the  system  of 
internal  improvements,  and  devoted 
himself  to  reforming  and  improving  the 
system  of  public  education.  His  plan 
for  taking  the  management  of  the  pub 
lic  schools  in  New  York  out  of  the  hands 
of  the  Public  School  Society,  and  sub 
jecting  them  to  the  control  of  the  State, 
caused  considerable  feeling  on  the  sub 
ject  at  the  time,  and  gave  rise  to  an 
animated  contest  between  the  Protest 
ants,  who  maintained  the  existing  sys 
tem,  and  the  Roman  Catholics,  who 
favored  the  change.  On  the  expiration 
of  his  second  term  of  office,  Mr.  Seward 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  re-elec 
tion,  and  resumed-  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Auburn,  in  1843.  He  had 
an  extensive  practice,  chiefly  in  the  fe 
deral  courts.  In  March,  1849,  he  was 
chosen  United  States  Senator  for  six 
years,  and  took  his  seat  at  the  extra 
session  called  to  consider  the  nomina 
tions  of  President  Taylor.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1855,  and  held  the  position 
until  he  became  Secretary  of  State  un 
der  President  Lincoln.  In  1860  he  was 


spoken  of  by  a  large  party  as  a  candi 
date  for  the  Presidency,  and  during  that 
year  made  a  pilgrimage  to  Egypt  and 
the  Holy  Land. 

Seybert,  Adam. — He  was  a  citizen 
of  Philadelphia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1817  to 
1819.  He  died  at  Paris,  May  2,  1825, 
bequeathing  $1000  for  educating  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  and  $500  to  the  Orphan 
Asylum  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  man 
of  science,  and  was  particularly  skilful 
as  a  chemist  and  mineralogist.  He  pub 
lished  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United 
States,  from  1789  to  1818. 

Seymour,  David  L. — He  was  a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1836,  from  Rensselaer  County,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Seymour,  David  L.  —  He    was 

born  in  Connecticut ;  served  repeatedly 
in  the  State  Legislature,  having  been 
made  Speaker  in  1852  ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1851  to  1853 ;  and  in  1856  he  was 
chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Connecticut  for  a  term  of  eight  years. 

Seymour,  Horatio.  —  Born  in 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  May  31,  1778; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1797  ;  stu 
died  law  at  the  Litchfield  school,  and 
settled  in  Middlebury,  Vermont.  He 
was  a  Judge  of  Probate,  member  of  the 
Council,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1821  to  1833.  He  died  at  Middle- 
bury,  November  21,  1857. 

Seymour.    Origen  S. —  He  was 

born  in  Litchneld,  Connecticut,  in  1804 ; 
was  bred  a  lawyer ;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  as  Speaker  in  1850; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1851  to  1855. 
He  was  subsequently  chosen  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Connecticut. 

Seymour,   Tliomas  H. — He  was 

born  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1808  ; 
was  educated  at  the  Middletown  Mili 
tary  Academy ;  studied  law,  and  prac 
tised  the  profession ;  was  a  Judge  of 
Probate  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1843  to  1845 ; 
in  1846  went  to  Mexico  as  a  Major  of 
the  New  England  Regiment,  and  was 


328 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


with  General  Scott  at  the  City  of 
Mexico  ;  he  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
State  in  1850,  and  re-elected  three  times ; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Minister  to  Russia. 

Seymour,    William.  —  He    was 

born  in  Connecticut,  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly,  in  1832 
and  1834,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Shadivick,  William. — He  was  a 

member  of  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  during  the  years  1796  and  1797. 

ShanJcs,  John  P.  C.  —  Born  in 
Martinsburg,  Virginia,  June  17,  1826 ; 
was  for  the  most  part  self-educated  ;  re 
moved  to  Indiana,  where  he  studied  law, 
and  commenced  practice  in  1850;  was 
elected  to  the  IndianaLegislature  in  1853 
and  1854 ;  and  in  1860  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Indiana,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims, 
and  on  Agriculture.  He  visited  the 
field  of  Bull  Run,  in  July,  1861,  as  a 
spectator,  but  became  a  participant ; 
during  the  subsequent  recess  of  Con 
gress  he  served  in  Missouri  as  a  member 
of  General  Fremont's  staff,  performing 
some  other  military  service  until  he  re 
sumed  his  seat  in  Congress  in  Decem 
ber,  1861. 

Shannon,    Thomas.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1826  to  1827. 

Shannon  Thomas  _B. — Born  in 
Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1827  ;  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1844  ; 
in  1849,  to  California;  from  1854  to 
1861,  was  engaged  in  merchandizing; 
served  four  sessions  in  the  California 
Legislature  ;  and  in  1863  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  California,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Shannon,  Wilson. — He  was  born 
in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  February  24, 
1802 ;  educated  at  Athens  College,  in 
Ohio,  and  Transylvania  University,  in 
Kentucky ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  and  in  1835  was  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  the  State  of  Ohio  ;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Ohio  in  1837,  and  again  in 
1842  ;  by  President  Tyler  was  appoint 
ed  Minister  to  Mexico ;  and  was  a  Re 


presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1853  to  1855.  In  1855  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Kansas. 

Sharpe,  Peter. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  New  York,  from 
1814  to  1820,  officiating  a  number  of 
sessions  as  Speaker  ;  he  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1821 ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1823  to  1825  ;  and  a  member 
of  the  Tariff  Convention  held  in  1827. 

Sharpe,  Solomon   P.  —  He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  but  removed  to  Ken 
tucky  when  a  child ;  he  received  a 
limited  education,  but  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  when  nineteen 
years  of  age,  and  was  successful ;  he 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  was  Attorney-General  of 
the  State ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  fell  by  the  hand  of  an  assas 
sin,  while  a  mem  her  of  the  Legislature, 
in  November,  1835,  aged  fifty-five  years ; 
and  a  legislative  reward  of  $3000,  for 
the  arrest  of  the  murderer,  was  offered, 
but  in  vain. 

Shaiv,  Aaron. — Born  in  Orange 
County,  New  York,  in  1811 ;  a  lawyer 
by  profession  ;  was  State's  Attorney  for 
eight  years,  in  the  Fourth  Judicial  Cir 
cuit  of  Illinois ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives,  in 
1849-50.  He  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from 
Illinois,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Shaw,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Windham  County,  Vermont ;  studied 
law  with  Judge  Foot,  in  Albany,  New 
York,  and  settled  in  practice  in  Lanes- 
borough,  Berkshire  County,  Massachu 
setts,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two ;  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress  before  he  was 
eligible,  and  was  subsequently  elected, 
in  1816,  to  the  Sixteenth  Congress,  and 
voted  for  the  Missouri  Compromise, 
which  prevented  his  re-election.  He 
was  an  intimate  friend  of  Henry  Clay, 
and  was  a  personal  friend  and  acquaint 
ance  of  ten  of  the  Presidents  of  the  Uni 
ted  States.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  for  eighteen 
years,  also  a  member  of  the  Governor's  . 
Council,  and  was  the  pioneer  in  the 
manufacturing  prosperity  of  Western 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


329 


Massachusetts.  In  1848  he  removed  to 
New  York,  and  resided  at  Fort  Wash- 
ington,  on  the  Hudson  ;  was  a  memoer 
of  the  Board  of  Education  in  New  York 
City,  and  two  years  in  the  Common 
Council,  and  in  1853  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly.  He  removed  to  New- 
burg  in  1854,  where  he  resided  until 
within  a  few  months  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Peekskill,  October  17, 1857, 
aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Shaiv,  Henry  M.—B.&  was  born 

at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  November 
20,  1819 ;  studied  medicine,  and  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania ; 
removed  to  North  Carolina,  and  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1852,  and  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  in  the  Thirty- 
third  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures,  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions. 

Shaw,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Dighton,  Massachusetts,  in  December, 
1768,  and  removed  to  Putney,  Vermont, 
at  the  age  of  ten  years ;  he  received  a 
limited  education ;  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and 
in  two  years  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Castleton,  Vermont, 
and  became  eminent  as  a  surgeon.  He 
entered  early  into  politics,  and  was  one 
of  the  victims  of  the  Sedition  Law  ;  for 
his  denunciation  of  the  administration 
of  John  Adams,  he  was  imprisoned,  and 
liberated  by  the  people  without  the 
forms  of  law  ;  and  in  1799  was  returned 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature. 
He  was  for  some  time  a  member  of  the 
State  Council,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1808 
to  1813.  He  was  a  personal  friend  of 
Jefferson  and  Madison,  and  gave  his 
earnest  support  to  the  measures  for  the 
prosecution  of  the  war.  On  his  retire 
ment  from  Congress,  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  in  the  army,  and  removed  to 
the  city  of  New  York ;  he  was  subse 
quently  stationed  at  Greenbush,  St. 
Louis,  and  at  Norfolk,  and  held  this 
office  until  1816.  As  an  instance  of  his 
physical  endurance,  it  may  be  men 
tioned  that  he,  on  one  occasion,  rode  on 
horseback  from  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  to 
Albany,  New  York,  in  twenty-nine 
consecutive  days.  He  died  at  Claren 
don,  Vermont,  October  22,  1827. 

Shaw,  Tristam.— Born    in   New 


Hampshire  in  1787;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1843  ;  and  died  at  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire,  March  14,  1843. 

Shcafe,  James. — He  was  born  in 
1 755  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1799  to 
1801  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1801  and 
1802,  resigning  June,  1802 ;  and  died 
at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1829. 

Sheffer,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

Sheffey,  Daniel. — He  was  born  at 
Frederick,  Maryland,  in  1770;  had  a 
limited  education  ;  was  bred  to  the  trade 
of  a  shoemaker,  and  settled  in  Augusta, 
Virginia ;  he  afterwards  studied  law, 
engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice ;  and 
frequently  represented  his  county  in  the 
House  of  Delegates.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1809  to  1817,  and  took  a  high 
rank.  His  speech  in  favor  of  the  re 
newal  of  the  first  Bank  of  the  United 
States  was  a  masterly  production.  He 
was  opposed  to  the  war  of  1812.  He 
died  at  his  home,  December  3,  1830. 

Sheffield,  William  P.— Was  born 

at  New  Shoreham  (Block  Island),  New- 

?ort  County,  Rhode  Island,  August  30, 
820.  His  education  was  obtained  first 
at  Kingston  Academy,  and  then  from  a 
private  tutor ;  studied  law  at  Harvard 
University,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1844.  In  1841  and  1842  he  was 
elected  to  Conventions  called  to  frame 
a  State  Constitution ;  in  1845  he  was 
elected,  from  his  native  town,  to  the 
State  Assembly  ;  removing  his  residence 
to  Tiverton,  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Assembly  in  1849,  where  he  continued 
to  serve  until  1853,  when- he  resigned 
his  seat,  and  settled  in  Newport.  That 
city  he  represented  in  the  Assembly 
from  1857  to  1861,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Rhode  Island, 
to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Com- 
merce,  and  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Shellabarger,  Samuel. — Born  in 
Clark  County,  Ohio,  December  10, 1817  ; 
graduated  at  the  Miami  •  University, 
Ohio,  in  1841;  adopted  the  profession 


22 


330 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  law  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Le- 
.gislature  in  1852  and  1853;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the 
Interior  Department. 

Shepard,  Charles  JS. — Born  in 
Newbern,  North  Carolina,  December  5, 
1807  ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  in  1827  ; 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1837,  where 
he  continued  to  serve  until  1841 ;  and 
died  in  October,  1843. 

Shepard,  William  S. — Born  in 
Newbern,  North  Carolina,  in  1799  ;  edu 
cated  at  Chapel  Hill ;  studied  law,  and 
became  eminent  in  his  profession  ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1827 
to  1837,  when  he  declined  a  re-election  ; 
in  1838  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate,  and  served  five  terms.  He  died  at 
Elizabeth  City,  June  20,  1852. 

Shepherd,    William.  — "Born   in 

Massachusetts,  December  1,  1737;  he 
served  six  years  as  a  Captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  army,  and  distinguished 
himself  at  William  Henry  and  Crown 
Point ;  in  1783  he  was  chosen  a  Briga 
dier-General,  having  fought  in  twenty- 
two  battles ;  he  was  subsequently  a 
Major-General  of  militia  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1797  to 
1803.  Died  at  Westfield,  Massachu 
setts,  November  11,  1817. 

Shepley,  Ether.— A  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1833  to 
1836.  He  was  born  in  Groton,  Massa 
chusetts,  November  2,  1789;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1811 ;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  the  practice  in 
Saco,  but  subsequently  settled  in  Port 
land  ;  he  was  in  the  Massachusetts  Le 
gislature  in  1819  ;  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  that  formed  the  first  Constitu 
tion  of  Maine  in  1820;  he  was  for 
thirteen  years  Attorney  of  the  United 
States  for  Maine;  after  leaving  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  he  was 
chosen  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Maine,  and  subsequently  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  same,  which  latter  position 
he  held  until  1855.  While  on  the  bench 
he  furnished  the  materials  for  twenty- 
six  volumes  of  Reports,  and  as  sole 
Commissioner,  was  appointed  to  revise 
the  statutes  of  Maine.  He  was  Trustee1 
of  Bowdoin  College,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 


Sheplor, Matthias.— Born  inPenn- 
ylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837  to  1839. 


Shepperd,  Augustus    H. —  He 

was  born  in  Surry  County,  North  Caro 
lina  ;  educated  a  lawyer  ;  served  in  the 
House  of  Commons  from  1822  to  1826  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1829  to  1839 ;  again  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1851. 

Sherburne,  John  S. — He  was  born 
in  New  Hampshire  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1776;  attended  the 
law  school  at  Harvard ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1793  to  1797;  was  United 
States  District  Attorney  in  1803,  and 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  from  1803  to  1830.  He  died  in 
1830,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Sheredine,  Upton. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1791  to  1792. 

Sherman,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Lancaster,  Ohio,  May  10,  1823 ;  re 
ceived  a  good  education  ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1844.  In  1848  and  ,1852  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Whig  Conventions  of 
those  years  ;  in  1854  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  fromOhio,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress  ;  re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  ;  and  on  being  returned  for  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  he  was  the  Re 
publican  candidate  for  Speaker,  and 
after  an  unprecedented  contest,  wanted 
only  one  or  two  votes  to  secure  his 
election  ;  and  during  that  Congress,  he 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
but  in  1861,  on  the  resignation  of  Sena 
tor  Chase,  he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  for  the  term  expiring  in  1867, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Finance. 

Sherman,  J.  W.— He  was  born  in 

New  York,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty -fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Unfinished  Business. 

Sherman,  Roger.— Born  at  New 
ton,  Massachusetts,  April  19,  1721.  He 
had  no  advantages  for  education,  yet  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


331 


was  eager  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge, 
and  while  apprenticed  to  a  shoemaker, 
he  often  had  a  book  open  before  him 
while  at  his  work.  In  1743  he  removed 
to  New  Milford,  Connecticut,  carrying 
his  tools  upon  his  back.  He  afterwards 
studied  law,  and  settled  at  New  Haven, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754. 
He  was  Judge  of  the  County  and  Supe 
rior  Courts  ;  and  a  member  of  the  first 
Congress,  in  1774,  and  continued  a  mem 
ber  for  many  years.  He  signed  the  De 
claration  of  Independence  in  1776.  After 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  in  regard  to  which  he 
took  a  prominent  part,  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  Congress ;  and  cho 
sen  a  Senator  in  1791,  continuing  in 
that  station  till  his  death,  July  23, 
1793.  He  was  a  profound  and  sagacious 
statesman,  an  able  and  upright  judge, 
and  an  exemplary  Christian.  He  was 
made  Master  of  Arts  by  Yale  College, 
and  was  for  many  years  Treasurer  of 
that  institution. 

Sherman,  Socrates  N. — He  was 

born  in  Vermont,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative ,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Interior 
Department. 

Sherrill,  Eliakim. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures. 

Sherwood,  Samuel. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815.  Died  in  New 
York  in  November,  1862. 

Sherwood,  Samuel  U. — He  was 

born  in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1786 ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817 
to  1819,  and  died  in  1833. 

Shiel,  George  K. — He  was  born  in 
Ireland,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Oregon,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Shields,  ^Benjamin  G. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Shields,   Ebeneser  J. — Born  in 


Georgia,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 

1835  to  1839.     Died  May  20,  1846. 

Shields,  James. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in 'Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1829  to  1831.  Died  in  Butler  County, 
Ohio,  in  1831. 

Shields,  James.  —  Was  born  in 
County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1810,  and 
emigrated  to  America  about  1826.  He 
pursued  his  mathematical  and  classical 
studies  until  the  year  1832,  when  he 
went  to  Illinois,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Kaskaskia.  In 

1836  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Il 
linois  Legislature,  and  Auditor  of  the 
State  in  1839.    In  1843  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court ;    and  in 
1845  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office.     At  the  commencement  of  the 
Mexican  war  he  was  appointed  by  Pre 
sident  Polk  a  Brigadier-General  in  the 
United  States  army,  and,  for  his  distin 
guished  services  during  the  course  of  the 
war,  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Bre 
vet  Major-General.    In  1848  he  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Oregon  Territory, 
which   he   resigned.     In    1849   he  was 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  for  the  term  of  six  years,  from 
the  State  of  Illinois.     He  subsequently 
took  up  his  residence  in  the  Territory  of 
Minnesota,  and  in  1857  was  elected  to 
represent  the  same  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  State*,  when  she  became  a  State, 
in  which  position  he  served  two  years. 
During  the  troubles  of  1861  he  served 
as  a  General  in  the  Union  army. 

Shinn,  William  N. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey ;  a  farmer  by  occupation ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

Ship2*erd,  Zebulon  R. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Shorter,  Eli  S.— Born  in  Monti- 
cello,  Georgia,  March  15,  1823;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1843 ;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  but  engaged  in 
the  planting  business.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Alabama,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Showers,  Jacob. — He  was  a  Re- 


332 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Eresentative  in   Congress,  from  Mary- 
ind,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Sibley,  Henry  H.—He  was  born 
in  February,  1811,  in  Detroit,  Michi 
gan  ;  spent  much  of  his  early  life  on 
the  Northwestern  frontiers ;  was  for 
many  years  an  Indian  trader  in  the  em-  ' 
ploy  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  at 
Mackinaw  and  Fort  Snelling ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  Minnesota 
Territory,  from  1849  to  1853;  and, 
having  witnessed  the  progress  of  Min 
nesota  from  a  wilderness  to  an  organized 
State,  he  was  elected,  in  1857,  its  first 
Governor. 

Sibley,  Jonas. — He  was  born  in 
Button,  Massachusetts,  March  17,  1762; 
for  thirty-five  years  held  a  variety  of 
town  offices ;  from  1806  to  1823  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  ;  was  an  Elector  for  President  in 
1820 ;  served  again  in  both  houses  of 
the  Legislature  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1820  ; 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  from  1823  to 
1825 ;  and  died  at  Sutton,  in  that  State, 
February  10,  1834,  aged  seventy-two 
years. 

Sibley,  Mark  H.— Born  in  Great 
BarringtDn,  Massachusetts,  in  1796,  and 
removed  to  Canandaigua,  New  York,  in 
1814.  He  studied  law,  an^  was  distin 
guished  as  an  advocate.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1834 
and  1835 ;  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1837  to  1839  ;  subsequently  a  State 
Senator ;  and  in  1846  a  County  Judge. 
He  died  in  Canandaigua,  New  York, 
September  8,  1852. 

Sibley.  Solomon.— He  was  born  in 

Sutton,  Massachusetts,  October  7,  1769. 
He  studied  law,  and  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1795,  establishing  himself  first  at  Mari 
etta,  and  then  at  Cincinnati,  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  removed 
to  Detroit  in  1797,  and  in  1799  was 
elected  to  the  first  Territorial  Legisla 
ture  of  the  Northwestern  Territory. 
He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Michigan,  from  1820 
to  1823  ;  in  1824  he  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  held  the 
office  until  1836,  when  he  resigned  in 
consequence  of  increasing  deafness.  He 
died  at  Detroit,  April  4,  1846.  He  was 


universally  respected  for  his  talents  and 
manifold  virtues. 

Sickles,  Daniel  E. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  in  October,  1821 ;  ac 
quired  the  printer's  trade,  which  he  fol 
lowed  for  some  years  ;  he  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843  ;  in 
1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  and  in  1856  to  the  State 
Senate.  For  a  short  time,  when  Mr. 
Buchanan  was  the  American  Minister 
in  England,  he  was  the  Secretary  of  that 
legation  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Aifairs.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress ; 
before  the  expiration  of  his  first  term,  in 
February,  1859,  he  killed  Philip  Barton 
Key  for  "dishonoring  his  bed."  His 
trial  lasted  twenty  days,  and  he  was  ac 
quitted.  He  served  in  the  army  during 
the  Rebellion,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
Major-General. 

Sicldes,  Nicholas.— He  was  born 
in  Kinderhook,  New  York  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1837  ;  and  died  at  Kingston,  New  York, 
May  13,  1845. 

Sill,  Thomas  H.— He  was  a  native 
of  Connecticut;  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
and  settled  in  the  practice  at  Erie,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1812.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Con 
stitution  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to 
1831,  having  served  in  the  same  capa 
city  for  an  unexpired  term  in  1826. 

Sttsbee,  Nathaniel.— Bornjn  Es 
sex  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1773,  and 
died  at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  July  1, 
1850.  He  was  a  distinguished  and  suc 
cessful  merchant,  and  frequently  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  for 
three  years  President  of  the  State  Se 
nate  ;  he  served  as  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1816  to  1820 ;  and  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  1826 
to  1835.  He  was  the  firm  supporter  of 
the  administration  of  John  Quincy 
Adams,  and  when  his  term  expired,  Mr. 
Silsbee  otfered  to  vacate  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  in  his  favor,  but  the  ex-Presi 
dent  declined  the  proposal. 

Silvester  Peter.— He  was  born  in 
New  York ;  was  a  member  of  the  Al- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


333 


bany  Committee  of  Safety  in  1774,  and 
of  the  New  York  Provincial  Congress  ; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  in 
1776  ;  and  elected  a  member  of  the  First 
Congress  under  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion.  He  was  subsequently  a  State  Se 
nator,  and  died  at  Kinderhook,  January 
30,  1845. 

Silvester,  Peter  H.  —  He  was  born 
at  Kinderhook,  Columbia  County,  New 
York,  February  17,  1807;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1827;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830  ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1847  to  1851. 


f  Eldrecl.  —  He  was  born 
in  Edgefield  District,  South  Carolina, 
August  29,  1779;  was  educated  for  the 
bar  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut;  was  part 
ner  of  Mr.  McDuffie  ;  served  frequently 
in  the  Legislature  ;  was  Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor  of  South  Carolina  in  1812  ;  a 
General  of  militia  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1817  to  1821.  Died  at  Edge- 
field  in  1832. 

Simtnons.  George  A.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1816;  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  to  the  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-fourth  Congresses,  from  that 
State.  In  1852  he  received  from  his 
Alma  Mater  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  and 
died,  October  27,  1857,  aged  sixty-six 
years,  at  Keesville,  New  York. 

Simmons,  James  F.  —  Born  in 
Little  Compton,  Rhode  Island,  Septem 
ber  10,  1795.  His  employments  were 
farming  and  manufacturing  ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly,  from 
1828  to  1841  ;  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1841,  for  six  years,  to  March  4, 
1847;  again  chosen  for  another  term, 
beginning  Mar,ch  4,  1857,  and  served 
as  a  member,  of  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  on  Patents  and  the  Patent- 
office,  and  on  Finance.  During  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress  he  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Patents.  Died 
in  Johnson,  R.  I.,  July  10,  1864. 

Simms,  William  E.  —  Born  in 
Kentucky,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 


gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia. 

Simons,  Samuel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1843  to  1845;  and  died  in 
Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  January  13, 
1847,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

Simonton,  William.  —  He  was  a 

member  of  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1839  to  1843,  and  died  at  South 
Hanover,  Pennsylvania,  May  18,  1846. 

Simpson,  Richard  F.  —  He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1843  to 
1847.  He  graduated  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina  in  1816;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  and  before  entering 
Congress  had  been  a  member  of  the  Se 
nate  of  his  native  State. 

Sims,  Alexander   D.  —  He  was 

born  in  Brunswick  County,  Virginia, 
June  12,  1803,  and  died  at  Kingstree, 
South  Carolina,  November  22,  1849. 
He  went  through  a  course  of  studies  at 
Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  and  finish 
ed  his  education  at  Union  College,  New 
York.  He  read  and  practised  law  in 
Virginia,  and  removing  to  South  Caro 
lina,  taught  an  academy  at  Darlington 
Court-house.  In  1829  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  South  Carolina, 
and  became  a  prominent  member  of  the 
bar  in  that  State.  He  had  a  taste  for 
politics,  and  during  the  Nullification 
times  was  active  and  decided;  and  he 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1845  to 
1849.  He  also  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1840  and  1842. 

Sims,  LeonardH. — Born  in  North 
Carolina,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

Singleton,  OtJio  R. — Born  in  Jes 
samine  County,  Kentucky ;  graduated 
at  St.  Joseph  College,  Bardstown,  Ken 
tucky,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a  profes 
sion  ;  he  was  two  years  in  the  lower 
house  of  the  Mississippi  Legislature ; 
six  years  in  the  State  Senate ;  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1852;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-third 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  from  the  same  State, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Joint  Com 
mittee  on  Printing.  Re-elected  to  the 


334 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals.  Joined 
the  Great  Kebellion  in  1861. 

Singleton,  Thomas  D.— He  was 

elected  to  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  in  1833.  and  while  on  his  way  to 
Washington  to  take  his  seat,  in  Decem 
ber,  he  died  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

Sinnickson,  Thomas.  —  Born  in 
Salem  County,  New  Jersey  ;  received  a 
classical  education,  and  was  bred  a  mer 
chant.  He  served  in  the  Revolution 
ary  war  at  the  battles  of  Trenton  and 
Princeton,  in  the  capacity  of  Captain ; 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
Council  and  Assembly  of  New  Jersey, 
and  the  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  ;  he  was  a  Correspon 
dent  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  dur 
ing  the  Revolution  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  First  Congress,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  from  1789 
to  1791,  and  again  from  1797  to  1799. 

Sinnickson,  Thomas.  —  Born  in 
Salem,  New  Jersey,  December  13,  1786; 
received  a  common  school  education ; 
commenced  active  life  as  a  merchant ; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  twenty  years ;  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  Legislature ;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  during  the 
years  1828  and  1829. 

Sitgreaves,  Samuel. — He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1795  to  1798;  and  was 
then  appointed,  by  President  Adams, 
Commissioner  to  treat  with  Great  Bri 
tain.  Died,  April  4,  1827. 

Skelton,  Charles.— Born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Skinner,  Richard.— He  was  born 
at  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  May  30, 1788, 
and  received  his  education  at  the  cele 
brated  law  school  of  his  native  town  ; 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1800,  and 
removed  to  Manchester,  Vermont.  In 
1801  he  was  appointed  State's  Attorney 
for  Bennington  County,  and  in  1809 
Judge  of  Probate;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1813 
to  1815  ;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1816  ;  and  Chief  Justice  in  1817.  In 


1818  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch 
of  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker. 
He  was  Governor  in  1820,  1821,  and 
1822 ;  was  reappointed  Chief  Justice  in 
1824,  and  resigned  in  1829.  He  died  at 
Manchester,  May  23,  1833,  much  re 
spected  for  his  public  services  and  pri 
vate  worth.  He  was  President  of  the 
Northeastern  Branch  of  the  American 
Education  Society  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Middlebury 
College,  from  which  institution  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  was 
also  interested  in  various  local  benevo 
lent  associations. 

Skinner,  Thompson  J.,  Jr. — He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1796  to  1799,  and 
again  from  1803  to  1805  ;  in  1804  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jeiferson,  Com 
missioner  of  Loans. 

Slade,  Charles.— He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Illinois, 
from  1833  to  1834,  and  died  in  July  of 
the  same  year,  on  his  return  from  Wash 
ington,  in  Kiiox  County,  Indiana,  after 
an  illness  of  only  twenty-four  hours. 

Slade  William. — Born  in  Corn 
wall,  Vermont,  May  9,  1786  ;  graduated 
at  Middlebury  College  in  1807  ;  and 
having  studied  law  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1810.  From  1814  to  1816  he 
published  and  edited  the  Columbian  Pa 
triot,  and  at  the  same  time  kept  a  book 
store  ;  in  1815  he  was  elected  Secretary 
of  State,  which  office  he  held  eight 
years,  during  six  of  which,  he  officiated 
as  Judge  of  the  Addison  County  Court ; 
and  was  subsequently  State's  Attorney 
for  the  same  County.  From  1823  to 
1829  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  State  Depart 
ment  at  Washington.  His  service  in 
Congress,  as  a  Representative  from  Ver 
mont,  was  from  1831  to  1843.  On  his 
retirement  from  Congress,  he  was  elected 
Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont,  which  office  he  held 
one  year ;  and  in  1844  he  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Vermont.  Jle  was  subse 
quently  made  Secretary  of  the  National 
Board  of  Popular  Education,  having  for 
its  object,  the  furnishing  of  the  West 
with  teachers  from  the  East.  In  1823  he 
published  the  "  Vermont  State  Papers ;" 
in  1825  the  "  Statutes  of  Vermont,"  and 
in  1844  a  volume  of  "  Vermont  Re 
ports."  He  died  at  Middlebury,  Ver 
mont,  January  18,  1859. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


335 


Slai/maker,  Amos. — He  was  born 
in  the  London  Lands,  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  11,1755;  received 
a  good  common  school  education;  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  army; 
paid  much  attention  to  farming,  and 
officiated  as  a  magistrate ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  during  a  part  of  two  terms,  in 
1810  and  1814.  He  died  in  Salisbury, 
Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  June 
12,  1837. 

Slidell,  John. — Born  in  New  York 
about  the  year  1793,  and  on  reaching 
the  age  of  manhood  removed  to  New 
Orleans,  where  he  established  himself 
as  a  lawyer,  and  practised  his  profession 
with  success.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  United  States  Dis*- 
trict  Attorney  ;  was  frequently  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Louisiana  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1845 ;  while  in  Congress  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Minister  to 
Mexico  ;  and  in  1853  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Senator  Soule",  and  was  re- 
elected  for  six  years,  and  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Condition  of 
the  Banks,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  Foreign 
Relations.  He  resigned,  and  became 
identified  with  the  Rebellion  of  1861. 
He  went  to  France  as  a  Minister  from  the 
Rebel  government,  was  captured  by  the 
San  Jacinto,  on  his  passage  out,  im 
prisoned  in  Fort  Warren,  and  after 
being  released  took  up  his  residence  in 
Paris. 

Slingerland,  John  jr.— He  was 

born  in  Albany  County,  New  York, 
March  1,1804;  received  a  good  common 
school  education  ;  and  as  a  business,  has 
devoted  nearly  his  whole  life  to  agri 
cultural  pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Legislature  in  1843,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Sloan,  A.  Scott. — Born  in  Morris- 
ville,  Madison  County,  New  York,  in 
1820;  adopted  the  profession  of  law; 
in  1847  was  elected  Clerk  of  Madison 
County;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1854; 
elected  to  the  Wisconsin  Legislature  in 
1856 ;  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge  in 
1858 ;  and  in  1860  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Wisconsin,  to  the  Thir 


ty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Territories. 

Sloan,    Ithamar    C.  —  Born    in 

Madison  County,  New  York  ;  received 
a  common  school  education  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law  ;  removed  to  Wis 
consin  in  1854  ;  in  1858  and  1860  he  was 
chosen  District  Attorney  of  Rock  Coun 
ty  ;  and  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Wisconsin,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Lands,  and  also  that 
on  Expenses  in  the  War  Department. 

Sloan,  James. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1803  to  1809  ;  a  resident  of 
Gloucester  County,  *  and  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends.  Died  in  New 
Jersey,  in  November,  1811. 

Sloane,  John.  —  Born  in  York, 
Pennsylvania,  but  removed  to  Ohio, 
while  yet  a  Territory.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
1804,  and  in  1805  and  1806  was  Speaker. 
He  was  a  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at 
Canton,  from  1808  to  1816,  and  after 
wards  at  Wooster,  until  1819,  when  he 
was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Represen 
tative,  continuing  a  member  until  1829. 
He  was  Clerk  of  the  Common  Pleas  for 
seven  years,  Secretary  of  State  for  three 
years,  and  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  under  President  Fillmore.  He 
was  a  Colonel  of  militia  during  the  war 
of  1812,  and  died  in  Wooster,  May  15, 
1856,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Sloane,  Jonathan. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  having  settled  in 
Ohio,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

Slocuni,  Jesse. — Was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caroli 
na,  from  1817  to  1820,  and  died  in  Wash 
ington  before  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
December  20,  of  the  latter  year. 

Smart,  Ephraim  K. — Born  at 
Prospect  (now  Searsport),  Maine,  in 
1813.  He  was  thrown  upon  his  own  re 
sources  to  obtain  means  of  education, 
which  he  received  at  the  Maine  Wes- 
leyan  Seminary.  After  the  study  of 
law  for  three  years,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Camden.  He  was  appointed 
Postmaster  in  1838,  and  in  1841  was 
elected  State  Senator.  In  1842  he  was 


336 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


aid  to  the  Governor,  with  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  the  same  year.  In  1843 
he  went  to  Missouri,  and  practised  law, 
as  an  attorney,  and  counsellor  and  solici 
tor  in  Chancery  ;  but  returned  to  Cam- 
den,  and  was  again  Postmaster  in  1845. 
He  was  a  Representative,  from  Maine, 
in  Congress,  from  1847  to  1849,  and 
from  1851  to  1853.  From  1853  to  1858 
he  was  Collector  at  Belfast.  In  1854  he 
established  the  Maine  Free  Press,  and 
was  its  editor  three  years  ;  and  in  1858 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law  in  Cam- 
den,  and  in  September  of  that  year  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature. 

Smelt,  Dennis.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1806  to  1811. 

Smilie,  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
Ireland,  but  emigrated  to  this  country 
when  young  ;  held  many  civil  and  mi 
litary  positions  during  the  Revolution  ; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  his  adopted  State,  and  was  a  Repre- 
seutative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1793  to  1795,  and  again  from 
1799  to  1813.  Died  in  Washington,  De 
cember  30,  1813,  aged  seventy-six  years. 


Smith,  Albert.^RoTnin  Hanover, 
Plymouth  County,  Massachusetts,  Ja 
nuary  3,  1793  ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1813  ;  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1816  ;  removed  to  Maine  in  1817  ;  and 
was  sent  to  the  General  Court  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1820  ;  was  for  many  years  a 
Postmaster  in  Maine  ;  from  1830  to  1838 
he  was  Marshal  of  the  United  States  for 
Maine  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1839  to  1841  ;  and  in  1842  he 
was  appointed  the  United  States  Com 
missioner  to  settle  the  Northeastern 
Boundary,  under  the  Ashburton  Treaty, 
which  business  was  completed  in  1847. 

SmitJt,  Albert.  —  He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly,  from  Genesee 
County,  in  1842,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Smith,  Arthur.—  Born  in  the  Coun 
ty  of  Isle  of  Wight,  Virginia,  Novem 
ber  15,  1785;  was  educated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  William  and  Mary  ;  served  with 
credit  at  the  head  of  a  militia  force  at 
Norfolk,  in  1812;  was  a  member  of  the 


Privy  Council  of  Virginia,  and  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1821  to  1825.  He  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  but  never  prac 
tised.  Died  in  Virginia,  March  30,  1853. 

Smith,  Ballard.  —  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia. 
from  1815  to  1821. 

Smith,  Bernard.  —  He  was  born  in 
Morristown,  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  Stale,  from  1819  to  1821,  when  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Monrtie, 
Register  of  the  Land-office  in  Arkansas. 

Smith,  Caleb  U.  —  He  was  born  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  April  16,  1808  ; 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  Ohio  in 
1814  ;  and  was  educated  at  the  Cincin 
nati  College  and  Miami  University  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and  set 
tled  in  Indiana  ;  in  1832  he  established 
and  edited  a  Whig  journal  called  the 
Indiana  Sentinel  ;  in  1833  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  ;  re-elected 
in  1834,  1835,  and  1836,  during  the  latter 
year  officiating  as  Speaker  ;  in  1847  and 
1848  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Fund  Commissioners  ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Indi 
ana,  from  1843  to  1849.  He  was  also  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1840  and  1856  ; 
and  after  leaving  Congress,  in  1849,  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  one 
of  the  members  of  the  Board  for  Invesr 
tigating  the  Claims  of  American  citizen's 
against  Mexico.  He  subsequently  prac 
tised  his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ; 
and  in  1861  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  Department,  by  President 
Lincoln.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Congress  held  in  Washington  in 
February,  ^1861.  kln  December,  1862, 
he  resigned  the  office  of  Secretary,  and 
was  appoin  ted  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of  Indi 
ana.  Died  January  8,  1864. 

.Smith,  Daniel.  —  He  was  one  of  the 

earliest  emigrants  to  Tennessee  ;  a  Gene 
ral  of  militia  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  during  the  years  1798 
and  1799,  and  again  from  1805  to  1809. 
He  died  in  July,  1818. 


Smith,   Delazon.  —  Was  born  in 

New  Berlin,   Chenango  County,   New 
York  ;  graduated  at  the  Oberlin  Collegi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


337 


ate  Institute,  of  Ohio,  in  1837 ;  he  stu 
died  law,  but  becoming  a  writer  for  the 
press,  was  associated  with  the  Rochester 
True  Jeflersonian,  in  New  York,  and 
the  Western  Empire,  in  Dayton,  Ohio ; 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler, 
Special  Commissioner  to  Quito  ;  in  1846 
he  removed  to  Iowa  Territory,  where 
he  remained  until  1852,  when  he  emi 
grated  to  Oregon  Territory  ;  in  1854  he 
was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  Oregon, 
and  re-elected  in  1855  and  1856  ;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  in  1857 
which  formed  a  State  Constitution  ;  and 
in  July,  1858,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the 
Senators  in  Congress  for  the  prospective 
State,  and  took  his  seat  as  such  in  Feb 
ruary,  1859.  Died  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
November  17,  1860. 

Smith.  Edward  Henry.— He  was 

born  at  Smithtown,  Long  Island,  in 
1809 ;  received  a  good  common  school 
education  ;  was  bred  a  farmer,  to  which 
occupation  he  has  devoted  his  whole  life; 
and  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representa- 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Agriculture,  and  Expenditures 
in  the  Post-office  Department. 

Smith,  F.  O.  J.— He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts ;  bred  to  the  law ;  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  of  Maine  *in 
1831 ;  was  President  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1833 ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1833  to 
1839.  Of  late  years  he  has  been  much 
interested  in  telegraph  and  railroad  en 
terprises. 

Smith,  George. — He  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1809  to  1813. 

Smith.  Gerritt.  —  Born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

Smith.    Green   Clay.  —  Born  in 

Richmond,  Kentucky,  July  2,  1830 ; 
graduated  at  Transylvania  University 
in  1849,  and  in  the  Law  Department  of 
the  same  institution  in  1852 ;  was  a 
School  Commissioner  from  1853  to  1857, 
establishing  a  great  number  of  schools  ; 
served  as  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Mexi 
can  war  ;  after  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Rebellion,  in  1861,  he  had  command  of 
the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry  ;  and  was 


elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ;  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in  1862  ; 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluif 
and  about  fifty  other  engagements  ;  and 
in  1863  he  was  elected  a  Kepresentative, 
from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Elections,  and  on  the  Militia.  His  com 
mission  as  General  he  resigned  on  the 
1st  December,  1863.  He  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 
His  father,  John  Speed  Smith,  was  also 
in  Congress. 

Smith,  Isaac. — He  was  a  graduate 
of  Princeton  College  in  1755,  and  a  tutor 
in  that  institution  ;  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1795 
to  1797;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Washington,  in  the  latter  year,  a  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Seneca  In 
dians  ;  and  was  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  New  Jersey.  He  died  in  1807. 

Smith,  Isaac.— He  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

Smith,  Israel. — Born  in  Connecti 
cut,  April  4,  1759.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1781,  studied  law,  and 
settled  at  Rupert,  Vermont.  He  subse 
quently  settled  at  Rutland,  and  was  sent 
to  the  State  Legislature  from  that  town. 
He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1791  to  1797,  again  in  1800,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  during  the  years 
1801  and  1802,  and  from  1803  to  1807, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  also  appoint 
ed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1797,  and  was  Governor  of  Vermont 
in  1807.  He  died  December  2,  1810. 

Smith,  James  S. — He  was  born  in 
Orange  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
was  educated  for  the  medical  profession  ; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  North  Ca 
rolina  in  1821 ;  and  was  a  Kepresenta 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1817  to  1821. 

Smith,  JTedediah  K. — He  was  a 

Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1807  to  1809;  and  from 
1822  to  1825  he  held  the  office  of  Judge 
and  Cliief  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  Hillsborough  County  ;  from 
1810  to  1814  he  was  also  a  State  Coun 
cillor;  and  died  in  1828,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 


338 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Smith,  Jeremiah. — Born  in  Peter 
borough,  New  Hampshire,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Rutgers  College,  New  Jersey,  in 
1780,  and  also  received,  from  Harvard 
College,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  in  1791,  and  con 
tinued  there  till  1797,  being  one  of  the 
last  survivors  of  the  distinguished  men 
who  participated  with  "Washington  in 
the  administration  of  the  government. 
He  was  appointed,  by  John  Adams,  in 
1801,  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  Cir 
cuit  Court,  but  did  not  serve,  as  the 
office  was  soon  afterwards  abolished  by 
Congress.  He  was  chosen  Governor  of 
New  Hampshire  in  1809,  and  was  for 
several  years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supe 
rior  Court  of  the  State.  His  extraordi 
nary  mental  endowments  not  only  re 
mained  unimpaired,  but  even  shone 
forth  brightest  when  he  was  near  the 
close  of  his  long  life.  Few  persons  have- 
been  more  widely  known  as  statesmen 
and  jurists,  or  have  left  behind  them  a 
more  enduring  reputation.  His  acquaint 
ance  with  books  was  extensive,  and  his 
literary  taste  remarkably  correct  and 
pure.  He  was  highly  esteemed,  not  only 
as  a  lawyer  and  judge,  but  for  his  emi 
nent  social  qualifications,  and  for  all  the 
attributes  of  a  great  and  good  man.  He 
was  a  patron  and  friend  of  Daniel  Web 
ster,  and  died  at  Dover,  New  Hamp 
shire,  September  21,  1843. 

Smith,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1799  to  1804;  from  1804  to  1813 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  ;  and  was 
appointed,  in  the  latter  year,  by  Presi 
dent  Madison,  United  States  Marshal 
for  New  York.  He  died  in  1816. 

Smith,  John, — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1801  to  1815. 

Smith,  John. — He  was  born  in 
1735,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1803  to  1808,  and  died  in 
July,  181G. 

Smith,  John. — He  was  born  at 
Barre,  Massachusetts,  in  August,  1789; 
received  a  limited  education,  and  re 
moved  in  early  life  to  St.  Alban's,  Ver 
mont,  where  he  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  as  a  lawyer  in  1810.  He  represented 
St.  Alban's  in  the  Legislature  for  nine 
successive  years,  and  was  elected  State's 


Attorney  of  Franklin  County  in  1826, 
and  served  six  years.  In  1831,  1832, 
and  1833,  he  was  Speaker  in  the  Gene 
ral  Assembly.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1839 
to  1841,  after  which  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1846  he 
became  enlisted  in  important  railroad 
projects,  and  was  so  engaged  at  the  time 
of  his  sudden  death,  which  occurred  at 
St.  Alban's,  November  20,  1858.  He 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Mid- 
dlebury  College  and  the  University  of 
Vermont. 

Smith,  John  K. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Smith,  John   Cotton.  —  He  was 

born  in  Sharon,  Connecticut,  February 
12,  1765,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1783.  He  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice,  in  Litchfield  County, 
in  1786.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ge 
neral  Assembly  in  1793,  and  from  1796 
to  1800  was  a  member  of  the  Lower 
House,  and  in  1799  was  elected  Speaker. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1800  to  1806, 
and  was  again  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  until  1809,  when  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Council.  He  also  held 
the  several  offices  of  Governor  of  Con 
necticut,  from  1812  to  1817,  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  and  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Yale  College ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Northern  Society  of  Antiquaries  in 
Copenhagen ;  also  of  the  Connecticut 
Historical  Society,  and  of  various  reli 
gious  associations.  He  died  at  Sharon, 
Connecticut,  November  7,  1845,  and 
had  devoted  the  latter  years  of  his  life 
to  agricultural  and  literary  pursuits. 

Smith,  John  Speed.— Was  born 
in  Jessamine  County,  Kentucky,  July 
31,  1792;  served  as  a  soldier  under  Ge 
neral  Harrison,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
Tippecanoe;  was  aide-de-camp  to  the 
same  General  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames, 
in  1813.  In  1819  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Kentucky;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1821  to  1823.  In  1827  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  made  Speaker  of  the  House  ; 
and  subsequently  served  several  terms 
both  in  the  House  and  Senate.  ^  By 
President  Jackson,  he  was  appointed 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


339 


United  States  Attorney  for  the  District 
of  Kentucky ;  was  at  one  time  a  Com 
missioner  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  on 
a  mission  of  local  interest ;  and  also 
Superintendent  of  Public  Works  in 
Kentucky  for  several  years.  Died  in 
Madison  County,  Kentucky,  June  6, 
1854. 

Smith,  John  T. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department. 

Smith,  Josiah. — He  was  born  at 
Pembroke,  Massachusetts,  in  1745;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in  1774; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1801  to  1803.  On 
his  return  from  Washington,  in  March, 
1803,  he  took  the  small-pox  in  New  York, 
and  died  at  home  before  the  close  of  the 
month. 

Smith,  Nathan. — He  was  born  at 
Roxbury,  Connecticut,  in  1770;  received 
his  professional  education  at  the  Law 
School  in  Litchfield  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  that  formed  the  State 
Constitution ;  for  many  years  State's 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  New  Haven ; 
frequently  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
for  several  years  United  States  Attor 
ney  for  the  District  of  Connecticut.  He 
represented  his  native  State  in  the  Se 
nate  of  the  United  States,  from  1833  to 
1835.  He  was  long  known  as  an  eminent 
lawyer,  respected  for  his  integrity  and 
ability.  He  died  at  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  December  6,  1836. 

Smith,  Nathaniel. — He  was  born 
in  Woodbury,  Connecticut,  January  6, 
1762.  His  education  was  limited,  but 
he  obtained  distinction  by  the  energy 
of  his. talents.  He  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  in  practice  in  his  native  town,  in 
1789.  He  was  for  many  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature,  having 
served  in  both  Houses.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1795  to  1799.  In  1806  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  and  held  the  office  until 
1819.  His  legal  knowledge  was  exten 
sive,  and  he  was  greatly  esteemed  for 
his  integritv  and  piety.  He  died  March 
9,  1822. 


Smith,   Oliver  Hampton.  —  He 

was  born  near  Trenton,  New  Jersey, 
October  23,  1794,  and  died  at  Indiana 
polis,  Indiana,  March  19,  1859,  having, 
from  1817  and  the  balance  of  his  life, 
been  honorably  identified  with  the  pub 
lic  history  of  that  State.  He  studied 
law,  and  in  1824  he  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  Third  District  of  In 
diana.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1822 ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1827  to  1829 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1843.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  work  giving  his  "  Recollec 
tions  of  Congressional  Life,"  originally 
published  in  the  Indianapolis  Journal. 
When  in  the  Senate  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and 
he  subsequently  devoted  much  attention 
to  the  internal  affairs  of  his  adopted 
State. 

Smith,  Perry. — Born  in  Washing 
ton,  Connecticut ;  attended  the  Litch 
field  Law  School,  and  settled  in  New 
Milford  in  1807.  He  was  a  State  Re 
presentative  for  four  years,  Judge  of 
Probate  for  two  years,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1843.  He 
died  in  New  Milford  in  1852. 

Smith,  Robert.  — Horn  in  Peter 
borough,  New  Hampshire,  June  12, 
1802,  and  received  a  limited  education. 
He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  until  he 
attained  his  twentieth  year,  but  subse 
quently  engaged  in  manufacturing  and 
merchandizing.  Removing  to  Illinois 
in  1832,  he  served  in  the  Illinois  Legis 
lature  from  1836  to  1840  ;  was  Enrolling 
and  Engrossing  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Illinois,  from  1840 
to  1843,  and  was  then  elected  to  Con 
gress,  and  served  till  March  4,  1849, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  being  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Mileage.  Of*  late  years  he 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  organizing 
the  railroads  in  his  adopted  State. 

Smith,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  July  27,  1752.  He  was 
a  distinguished  merchant  of  Baltimore, 
and  contributed  largely  to  the  advance 
ment  of  that  city,  of  which  he  was  once 
Mayor.  He  rose  from  the  rank  of  Cap 
tain  to  that  of  Brigadier-General  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  In  1776  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  framing 
the  Constitution  of  Maryland  ;  and  was 


340 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1793  to  1803,"and  again  from 
1816  to  1822  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1803  to  1815,  and  again  from  1822 
to  1833.  During  a  part  of  the  Ninth 
and  Tenth  Congresses,  he  officiated  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  He 
died  suddenly,  at  Baltimore,  April  25, 
1839. 

Smithf  Samuel. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1805  to  1809. 

Smithy  Samuel.— Born  in  1767,  in 

Peterborough,  New  Hampshire;  held 
many  public  positions;  was  for  many 
years  a  manufacturer  of  paper ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  died  in 
1842. 

Smith,  Samuel  A. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1833,  serv 
ing,  during  his  second  term,  on  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Smith,  Samuel  A. — He  was  born 
in  Monroe  County,  Tennessee,  June  26, 
1822.  He  lost  his  father  when  quite 
young,  and,  with  limited  opportunities 
for  attending  school,  spent  the  most  of 
his  time  on  a  farm,  until  he  became  of 
age.  At  that  time  he  began  to  attend 
school  in  earnest,  and  at  the  end  of 
three  months  became  a  teacher,  and  for 
two  years  alternately  attended  and 
taught  school  in  his  native  county.  He 
also  taught  school,  for  awhile,  during 
ten  months  that  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845.  Du 
ring  that  year  he  was  elected  Attorney- 
General  for  the  Third  Judicial  District 
of  Tennessee,  which  office  he  held  until 
1848.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Na 
tional  Convention  of  that  year  held  at 
Baltimore,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
elected  a  Presidential  Elector,  and  was 
again  chosen  an  Elector  in  1852.  In 
1850  he  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  East  Tennessee  and  Geor 
gia  Railroad  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Tennessee,  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Printing.  In  1859 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  Commissioner  of  the  General 


Land-office,  and  resigned  in  February, 
1860. 

Smith,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Smith,  Thomas. — Born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1847. 

Smith,  Truman. — He  was  born  in 
Roxbury,  Litchfield  County,  Connecti 
cut,  November  27,  1791 ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1815;  he  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818; 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1831,  and  re-elected  in  1832  and  1834; 
in  1839  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1841, 
1845,  and  1847  ;  in  1849  he  took  his  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  for  a  full 
term  of  six  years,  resigning  in  1854. 
Of  late  years  he  has  been  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New 
York  City. 

Smith,  William.— He  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1777  to  1778,  and  a 
Representative  under  the  Constitution, 
from  1789  to  1791,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  Au 
ditor  of  the  Treasury. 

Smith,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1789  to  1799,  and  re 
signed  on  being  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Portugal,  by  President  John 
Adams. 

Smith,  William. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  in  1762;  emigrated  to 
South  Carolina,  and  was  educated  at 
Mount  Zion  College.  He  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1792.  He  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1816  to  1823,  and  again  from  1826 
to  1831,  officiating  on  two  occasions  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  In 
1837  he  received  the  electoral  vote  of 
Virginia  for  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States.  He  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  State.  He 
was  a  distinguished  supporter  of  the 
doctrine  of  State  Rights.  He  was  offered 
a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  but  declined 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


341 


it.  He  spent  the  latter  years  of  his  life 
in  Alabama,  and  died  at  Huntsville,  in 
July,  1840. 

Smithy  William.— Was  born  in 
Chesterfield,  Virginia,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Nineteenth  Congress. 

Smithy  William. — Born  in  King 
George  County,  Virginia,  September  6, 
1797.  After  prosecuting  his  studies  at 
Plainfield  Academy,  in  Connecticut, 
and  at  private  schools  in  Virginia,  he 
studied  law,  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  in  1818.  Soon  after  he  was  the 
means  of  establishing  a  line  of  post- 
coaches  through  Virginia,  the  Carolinas, 
and  Georgia,  by  which  he  made  a  for 
tune  ;  and  in  1836  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  re-elected  in 
1840.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  during  the  term  of  1842  and  1843  ; 
in  1845  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Vir 
ginia  for  three  years ;  and  in  1853  was 
re-elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
in  which  position  he  continued  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  in 
1861.  He  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Laws  of  Public  Printing, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories,  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress.  He  subsequently  served  as  a  Bri 
gadier-General  in  the  Virginia  army, 
and  was  wounded  at  Antietam. 

Smith9  William  N.  H.— Born  in 
Murfreesboro,  Hertford  County,  North 
Carolina,  September  24,  1812 ;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1834  ;  studied 
law  in  New  Haven  for  two  years,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839 ;  in 
1840  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Commons ;  in  1848,  to 
the  State  Senate  ;  before  the  expiration 
of  his  senatorial  term  he  was  chosen 
Solicitor  of  the  First  Judicial  District, 
holding  the  office  for  eight  years ;  in 
1858  he  was  re-elected  to  the  House  of 
Commons,  but  resigned  his  seat;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
North  Carolina,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce.  He  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  so-called  Confederate  Con 
gress. 

Smith,    William  H,.— He   was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  his  native  State,  from  1851  to 


1855,  where  he  acquired  reputation  by 
making  a  demonstration  against  Kos- 
suth.  He  has  chiefly  devoted  himself  to 
literature  and  law,  and  has  had  a  seat 
on  the  bench  of  Alabama. 

Smith9  William  S.— He  was  for 

three  years  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813  to 
1816. 

SmitherSy  Nathaniel  S. — He  was 

born  in  Dover,  Delaware,  October  8, 
1818;  graduated  at  Lafayette  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1836  ;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1840 ;  was  Clerk  of 
the  Delaware  House  of  Representatives 
in  1845  and  1847 ;  in  January,  1863,  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for 
Delaware,  which  position  he  resigned, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Delaware,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Elections.  He  w*as  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Smyth,   Alexander. — He    was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1817  to  1825,  and  again  from 
1827  to  1830.  Died  April  17,  1830,  in 
Washington,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Smyth,  George  W.  —  Born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Texas, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Sneedy  William  H. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

SnodgrnsSy  John  Fryall. — Born 
in  Berkeley  County,  Virginia,  March 
2, 1804 ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
practised  in  Parkersburg,  Virginia.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Consti 
tutional  Convention  assembled  at  Rich 
mond,  in  1850;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1853  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  while  trying  a 
case  in  court,  in  Parkersburg,  June  5, 
1854. 

Snowy  William  W. — He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts,  and  having  removed 
to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress. 


342 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Snyder,  Adam  W.— Born  in  1801 ; 
frequently  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  of  Illinois,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
Governor  of  the  State  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Belleville, 
Illinois,  May  14,  1842. 

Snyder,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Sellers,  Augustus  R. — Born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1841  to"l843,  and  again  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Somes,  Daniel  E.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Maine,  in  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861. 

Soule,  Nathan. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1831  to.  1833.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Assembly,  from  Onon- 
in  1837. 


Soule,  Pierre. — Born  at  Castillon, 
in  the  Pyrenees,  during  the  First  Con 
sulate  of  Napoleon.  He  was  destined 
for  the  church,  and  in  1816  was  sent  to 
the  Jesuits'  College  at  Toulouse.  He 
was  afterwards  sent  to  complete  his  stu 
dies  at  Bordeaux.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  took  part  in  a  conspiracy  against  the 
Bourbons,  and  the  plot  having  been  dis 
covered,  he  was  obliged  to  take  refuge 
in  a  little  village  of  Navarre,  where  he 
remained  for  more  than  a  year,  follow 
ing  the  occupation  of  a  shepherd.  He 
was  permitted  to  return  to  Bordeaux ; 
but  he  longed  for  a  more  exciting  scene 
of  action,  and  accordingly  repaired  to 
Paris.  Here,  in  conjunction  with  Bar- 
thelemy  and  Mery,  he  established  a  pa 
per  advocating  liberal  republican  senti 
ments.  This  soon  brought  him  under 
the  eye  of  the  authorities,  and  he  was 
put  upon  his  trial.  His  advocate  ap 
pealed  to  the  clemency  of  the  court  in 
behalf  of  the  prisoner  on  the  score  of 
his  youth.  This  line  of  defence  did  not 
suit  the  prisoner,  who  rose  from  his  seat 
and  addressed  the  court,  denying  the 


criminality  of  his  opinions  and  conduct. 
His  eloquence  did  not  save  him  from  St. 
Pelagic,  whence  he  succeeded  in  mak 
ing  his  escape  to  England.  Disappoint 
ed  in  his  expectations  of  obtaining  a 
situation  in  Chili,  which  had  been  pro 
mised  him,  and  finding  himself  alone  in 
a  strange  country,  wholly  ignorant  of 
the  language,  he  returned  to  France. 
At  Havre  he  met  a  friend,  a  captain  in 
the  French  navy,  who  advised  him  to 
seek  an  asylum  in  the  United  States, 
and  offered  him  a  passage  in  his  ship  as 
far  as  St.  Domingo.  He  accepted  the 
proposition,  and  arrived  at  Port-au- 
Prince,  in  September,  1825.  From  this 
place  he  took  passage  to  Baltimore,  and 
finally  removed  to  New  Orleans,  in  the 
fall  of  1825.  Having  determined  to 
make  the  law  his  profession,  he  first 
applied  himself  assiduously  to  the  study 
of  English,  and  passed  his  examination 
for  the  bar  in  that  language,  and  was 
admitted.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Louisiana,  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected,  in 
1849,  for  the  term  of  six  years.  In  1853 
he  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Minister  to  Spain.  In  1862  he  was  ar 
rested  in  New  Orleans  for  disloyalty  to 
the  Government,  and  after  an  imprison 
ment  of  some  months  in  Fort  Lafay 
ette,  he  was  released,  on  condition  that 
he  would  not  return  to  Louisiana  until 
the  end  of  the  Rebellion. 

Southard,  Henry. — Born  on  Long 
Island,  October,  1749.  When  he  was 
eight  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to 
Baskingridge,  in  the  Colony  of  New 
Jersey.  He  received  but  an  ordinary 
education,  and,  as  a  day  laborer,  earned 
the  money  to  buy  a  farm.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitu 
tion,  served  nine  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1801  to  1811,  and  from 
1815  to  1821.  A  short  time  before  re 
tiring  from  Congress,  he  met  his  son  in 
joint  committee,  and  they  voted  toge 
ther  on  the  Missouri  Compromise.  He 
died  June  2,  1842.  He  was  a  man  of 
superior  talents  and  remarkable  me 
mory. 

Southard?  Isaac.— He  was  a  Rc- 

Sresentative   in   Congress,   from    New 
ersey,  from  1831  to  1833.     Died  Sep 
tember  18,  1850. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


343 


Southard,  Samuel  L.— Was  the 

son  of  Henry  Southard  ;  born  in  Bask- 
ingridge,  New  Jersey,  June  9,  1787. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1804,  and 
soon  afterwards  removed  to  Virginia, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In 
1811  he  returned  to  his  native  State,  and 
rose  to  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer.  He 
was,  for  several  years,  Deputy  Attor 
ney,  and  in  1814  was  admitted  as  coun 
sel!  or-at-law,  and  appointed  Law  Re 
porter  by  the  Legislature.  In  1815  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and,  in 
a  week  after  taking  his  seat,  was  placed 
on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey.  In  1820  he  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  ;  in  1821  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  as  Presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  that  body  ;  remained 
there  until  1823,  when  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Monroe  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  ;  he  was  also  acting  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  and  for  a  short  period 
acting  Secretary  of  War.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  a  Trustee  of  Nassau  Hall, 
and  also  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
of  Princeton.  In  1830  he  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  the  State ;  and  in 

1832  was   Governor  of  the  State.     In 

1833  he  was  re-elected  to  the  United 
States   Senate,  and  served  until  1842, 
and  on  the  death  of  President  Harrison 
he  became  the  President  of  the  Senate. 
He  is  remembered   in  New  Jersey  as 
the  "favorite  son"  of  that  State.     He 
died  at  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  June 
26,  1842. 

Southgate,  William  W. — Born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

Spaight,  Richard  Z>. — He  com 
menced  his  academic  studies  in  Ireland, 
and  finished  his  education  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Glasgow.  He  joined  the 
American  army  in  1778,  as  aide-de 
camp  to  General  Caswell,  and  was  at 
the  battle  of  Camden  in  1780.  In  1781 
he  entered  the  House  of  Commons  of 
North  Carolina  ;  from  1782  to  1784  was 
a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  also  during  the  years  1785  and  1786  ; 
and  he  was  one  of  the  Delegates  to  form 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
to  which  his  name  is  appended.  In 
1792  he  was  again  elected  to  the  local 
Legislature,  and  was  the  same  year 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  1798  to  1801,  after  which  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  On  Sunday, 
September  5,  1802,  he  fought  a  duel 
with  the  Honorable  John  Stanley,  was 
wounded  in  the  side,  and  died  in  about 
twenty  hours. 

Spaight,  Richard  I). — He   was 

the  son  of  the  above,  and  born  in  New- 
bern,  North  Carolina,  in  1796.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that 
State  in  1815  ;  studied  law  ;  served  four 
years  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1823 
to  1825 ;  he  subsequently  served  ten 
years  in  the  State  Senate,  and  was  Go 
vernor  of  North  Carolina  in  1835  and 
1836.  After  retiring  from  that  office, 
he  declined  all  public  positions,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  died  in  1850. 

Spalding,  Itufus  Paine.  —  He 

was  born  in  West  Tisbury,  Martha's 
Vineyard,  Massachusetts,  May  3,  1798. 
Went  with  his  parents  to  Connecticut 
when  young;  was  educated  at  the  Plain- 
field  and  Colchester  Academies;  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817  ;  stu 
died  law,  and,  removing  to  Ohio,  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Trumbull  County  in  1821 ;  in  1839  he 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  ;  re- 
elected  in  1841,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House ;  in  1849  he  was  elected  a  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court,  and  held  the  po 
sition  three  years,  until  the  new  State 
Constitution  was  adopted  ;  and  in  1862 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval 
Affairs,  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Spalding,   Thomas. — He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1805  to  1806. 

Spangler,  David. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  in  1844  was  no 
minated  by  the  Whig  party  for  Governor 
of  the  State,  but  declined  the  nomina 
tion.  He  died  in  Coshocton,  Ohio,  Oc 
tober  18,  1856. 

Spangler,  Jacob. — Born  in  1768  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1816  to  1818,  and 
subsequently  Surveyor-General  of  the 
State.  Died  at  York,  Pennsylvania, 
June  17,  1843. 


344 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Spaulding,  Elbridge  G.— He  was 

born  at  Summer  Hill,  Cayuga  County, 
New  York,  February  24,  1809;  was 
educated  at  Auburn  Academy  ;  taught 
school,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  Genesee  County.  In  1834 
he  removed  to  Buffalo,  and  in  1836  was 
Attorney  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
York,  and  also  Solicitor  in  Chancery, 
and  in  1839  was  Counsellor  of  the  same. 
In  1836  he  was  appointed  City  Clerk  of 
Buffalo;  in  1841  he  was  Alderman,  and 
in  1847  was  elected  Mayor.  In  1848  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  the 
State ;  and  from  1849  to  1851  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations. 
In  1853  he  was  elected  Treasurer  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Canal  Board  for  two  years, 
and  is  now  President  of  the  Farmers' 
and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Genesee,  at 
Buffalo.  He  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se- 


Speed,  Thomas.— KQ  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1817  to  1819. 

Speight,  Jesse.— Rom  in  Greene 
County,  North  Carolina,  September  22, 
1795.  His  education  was  limited,  but 
his  natural  abilities  were  of  a  high 
order.'  In  1822  he  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Commons ;  in  1823  of  the 
Senate,  where  he  continued  until  1827, 
officiating  several  years  as  Speaker; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from  1829 
to  1837.  He  declined  a  re-election ; 
removing  to  Mississippi,  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  there,  and  made  Speak 
er  ;  and  from  1845  to  1847,  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  his  adopted  State. 
He  died  at  Columbus,  Mississippi,  May 
5,  1847. 

Spence,  John  S.— He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1837  to  1841,  and  a  Representative  from 
1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1836  to 
1840.  Died  October  29,  1840. 

Spence,  Thomas  A.— He  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1829  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1843  to  1845. 


Spencer,  Ambrose. — Born  in  Sa 
lisbury,  Connecticut,  December  13,  1765; 
in  1799  entered  Yale  College,  and  re 
mained  three  years,  but  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1783;  studied 
law,  and  settled  at  Hudson,  New  York. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1793  ;  from  1795  to  1798,  State  Senator  ; 
in  1796  Assistant  Attorney-General  of 
the  Counties  of  Columbia  and  Rensse- 
laer,  and  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Appointment ;  in  1802  was  Attorney- 
General  for  the  State  ;  in  1804  was  cho 
sen  Judge,  and  in  1810  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  In 
1823  he  retired  from  the  bench,  and 
was  engaged  at  the  bar  ;  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1829  to  1831.  He  was 
also  Mayor  of  Albany  one  term.  He 
retired  to  the  village  of  Lyons  in  1839, 
and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  in  1844  was  President  of  the  Na 
tional  Whig  Convention  at  Baltimore. 
He  died  at  Lyons,  March  13,  1848. 

Spencer,  Elijah. — He  was  born  in 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly 
in  1819  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1821  to 
1823. 

Spencer,  J.  B. — He  served  as  a 
Captain  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  in 
several  engagements ;  he  was  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  York  in  1831  and 
1832  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  subsequently  held  the  various 
positions  of  Elector,  Magistrate,  County 
Judge,  Collector,  and  Indian  Agent. 
He  died  at  Fort  Covihgton,  Kentucky, 
in  March,  1848. 

'  Spencer,  John  C. — He  was  born 
in  Hudson,  New  York,  January  8, 1783. 
He  entered  Williams  College,  but  soon 
went  to  Union  College,  where  he  gradu 
ated  in  1806.  President  Nott  was  then 
at  the  head  of  the  College,  and  one  of 
the  last  professional  acts  of  Mr.  Spencer, 
was  to  defend  in  court  the  President's 
administration  for  many  years  of  the 
affairs  of  the  College.  Mr.  Spencer  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809,  and  opened 
an  office  in  Canandaigua.  He  lived  in 
Canandaigua  until  1845,  when  he  re 
moved  to  Albany,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  He  was  Private  Sec 
retary  to  Governor  Daniel  D.  Tomp- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


345 


kins,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  became 
connected  with  public  affairs,  and  from 
that  time  until  his  last  illness,  no  promi 
nent  public  event  occurred  in  which  he 
did  not  take  an  interest.  In  1811  he  was 
made  Master  in  Chancery  ;  in  1813  he 
was  Brigade  Judge-Advocate  in  active 
service  on  the  frontier  ;  in  1814  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Canandaigua  ; 
in  1815  was  Assistant  Attorney-General 
for  the  western  part  of  the  State ;  and 
in  1816  was  elected  to  Congress,  where 
he  remained  two  years.  While  there 
he  was  one  of  the  Committee  who  ex 
amined  into  the  affairs  of  the  United 
States  Bank,  and  their  report  was  drawn 
by  his  hand.  In  1820  he  was  first 
elected  to  the  Assembly,  and  was  chosen 
Speaker.  The  next  year  he  was  re 
turned,  but  was  in  the  minority.  In 
1824  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  served  four  years.  He  joined  the 
Anti-masonic  party,  and  was  appointed, 
by  Governor  Van  Buren,  Special  At 
torney-General,  under  the  law  passed 
for  that  purpose,  to  prosecute  those  con 
nected  with  the  alleged  abduction  of 
Morgan.  In  1832  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Assembly.  In  1839  he  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  State  and  Superin 
tendent  of  Common  Schools,  and  did 
much  to  reduce  them  to  a  system.  He 
served  for  two  years.  He  was  appointed 
Regent  of  the  University  in  1840.  In 
October,  1841,  he  was  made  Secretary 
of  War,  by  President  Tyler,  and  in 
March,  1843,  was  transferred  to  the 
Treasury  Department,  but  resigned  in 
1844,  from  his  opposition  to  the  annexa 
tion  of  Texas.  Mr.  Spencer  was  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer,  but  he  achieved  his  high 
est  fame  from  his  connection  with  the 
revision  of  the  statutes  of  New  York. 
Not  content  with  merely  preparing  the 
statutes,  he  followed  them  up  with  a 
series  of  essays  explaining  their  pur 
poses.  So  great  confidence  was  placed 
in  him  by  the  people,  that  he  was  se 
lected  to  revise  the  whole  body  of  the 
law  of  the  State  ;  but  his  advancing  age 
compelled  him  to  decline  the  task.  He 
was  industrious,  and  a  man  of  intellect 
and  intense  energy.  He  died  at  Albany, 
May  18,  1855. 

Spencer,  Richard. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Spinner.  Francis  E. — Born  in 

the  town  of  German  Flats,  Herkimer 


23 


County,  New  York  (where  the  village 
of  Mohawk  now  stands),  January  21, 
1802;  and  received  most  of  his  instruc 
tion  from  his  father,  who  wasxa  highly 
educated  German  clergyman.  For 
twenty  years  he  was  the  executive  offi 
cer  of  the  Mohawk  Valley  Bank  ;  he 
held  all  the  commissions,  from  the  Go 
vernors  of  New  York,  from  a  Lieute 
nant  to  a  Major-General  of  the  State 
Artillery ;  was  County  Sheriff,  and  Com 
missioner  for  building  the  State  Lunatic 
Asylum.  From  1845  to  1849  he  was 
Auditor  in  the  Naval  Office  at  New 
York ;  and  in  1854  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Accounts.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ac 
counts.  In  1861  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  United  States  Trea 
surer. 

Sprague,  Peleg. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1797  to  1799,  and  is  sup 
posed  to  have  been  the  father  of  the 
Representative  from  Maine  of  the  same 
name. 

Sprague,  Peleg. — He  was  born  in 
Duxbury,  Massachusetts,  son  of  Seth 
Sprague,  in  1792;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  with  honor  in  1812  ; 
and  having  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  settled  in  the  practice  first  at  Au 
gusta,  Maine,  and  then  at  Hallowell ; 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legisla 
ture  in  1821  and  1822  ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1825  to 
1829  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1829  to  1835.  On  completing  his  Sena 
torial  term  he  settled  in  Boston,  and  in 
1841  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  the  United  States  for 
Massachusetts,  which  office  he  now 
holds.  In  1847  he  received  from  Har 
vard  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Spragw,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Cranston,  Rhode  Island,  in  1800. 
When  quite  young  he  was  elected  to 
the  General  Assembly,  and  in  1832  was 
chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1835 
he  was  chosen  Representative  to  Con 
gress,  and  declined  a  re-election.  He 
was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  in  1838 
and  1839,  and  in  1842  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  serving  two  years. 


346 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of 
his  State  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Providence,  October  19, 
1851. 

Sprague,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Rhode  Island,  and,  removing  to 
Michigan,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

Sprague,  William. — Was  born  in 
Cranston,  Rhode  Island,  September  11, 

1830,  his  ancestors  having  been  for  se 
veral  generations  honorably  associated 
with  the  manufacturing  business  of  New 
England;    was  educated  chiefly  at   the 
Irving  Institute, Tarrytown,  New  York, 
and  subsequently  spent  several  years  in 
the  counting-room  of  an  uncle,  on  the 
death  of  whom  one  of  the  largest  manu 
facturing  interests  in  the  country  came 
into  his  possession.     Having  a  taste  for 
military  aifairs,  he  joined  an  artillery 
company  in  Providence  in  his  eighteenth 
year,  and  became  a  Colonel  ;  in   1859 
he  visited  Europe,  and  was  friendly  to 
the  cause  and  person  of  Garibaldi.     In 
1861  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  and,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Rebellion,  he  took  a  great  interest  in 
the  national  cause  ;  was  with  the  troops 
of  Rhode  Island  at  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Isl 
and,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  a  newly-formed  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures,  and  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce, 
and  Military  Aifairs.     He  is  the  Presi 
dent   of  several   banks,  and,   when   at 
home,  takes  an  active  part  as  a  Director 
in  various  Insurance  Companies.     His 
father,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  also 
a  Senator  in  Congress. 

Sprigg,  James  C. — Born  in  Mary 
land,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Sprigg,  Michael  C. — He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Le 
gislature  ;  at  one  time  President  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 

1831.  He  died  at  Cumberland,  Mary 
land,  in  December,  1845. 

Spriga,  RicJiard.—TIe  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  Mary 


land,  from  1796  to  1799,  and  from  1801 
to  1802. 

Sprigg,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1793  to  1796. 

Spruance,  Presley.— He   was   a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1847  to  1853.  Died  in  Smyrna, 
Delaware,  February  13,  1863,  'aged 
seventy-eight  years. 

Statttuorth,  James  A. — Born  in 
Conecuh  County,  Alabama,  April  7, 
1822.  He  received  an  academic  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law  ;  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  during  the  years  1845-6,  and 
1847-8 ;  was  twice  elected  Solicitor  for 
his  District ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce.  Re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  but  resigned  in  Feb 
ruary,  1861,  to  take  part  in  the  Rebel 
lion  of  that  year. 

Stanberry,  William.  —  Born  in 
Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1827  to  1833.  He  resided  in  Lick 
ing  County. 

Standifer,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1837.  He  died  near  Kingston, 
Tennessee,  August  24,  1836. 

Stanford,  Richard. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1797  to  1816.  Died 
April  9,  1816,  in  Georgetown,  District 
of  Columbia,  aged  forty-seven  years. 

Stanley,  Edward. — Born  in  North 
Carolina,  and  served  three  years  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  most  of  the  time  as 
Speaker ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1837  to  1843,  and  again 
from  1847  to  1853.  He  subsequently 
left  his  native  State,  and  emigrated  to 
California. 

Stanley,  John. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina;  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1801  to 
1803,  and  again  from  1809  to  1811.  He 
was  an  able  and  eloquent  debater,  great- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


347 


ly  respected  for  his  talents  and  private 
character.  While  delivering  a  speech 
in  the  Legislature,  in  1826,  he  was  ar 
rested  by  an  attack  of  hemiplegia,  from 
the  effects  of  which  he  suffered  until  his 
death,  August  3,  1834,  at  Newbern, 
North  Carolina. 

Stanton,  Benjamin.  —  Born  at 

Mount  Pleasant,  Jefferson  County, Ohio, 
June  4, 1809.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until 
the  age  of  seventeen,  and  then  worked 
at  the  trade  of  a  tailor  until  he  was 
twenty-one.  He  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  in  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  in  April, 
1834,  where  he  practised  his  profession. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
1841;  resigned  in  1842,  but  was  re- 
elected  the  same  year.  In  1850  he  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Ohio  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  in  October  of  that  year 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses  ;  and  was 
one  of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs.  In"  1862  he 
was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio. 

Stanton,  Frederick  J*.  —  Born 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
again  from  1847  to  1855. 

Stanton,  Joseph. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island, 
from  1790  to  1793,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1801  to  1807. 

Stanton,  Richard  H.— Born  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1849  to  1855. 

Stark,  Benjamin. — Born  in  the 
city  of  New  Orleans,  June  26,  1820; 
received  an  academic  education  in  New 
London,  Connecticut,  and  a  commer 
cial  education  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
In  1845  he  settled  in  Oregon  and  estab 
lished  commercial  relations  with  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  and  with  California 
when  a  Mexican  province ;  in  1850  he 
abandoned  commercial  pursuits,  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1851 ;  in 
1852  he  was  a  member  of  the  Territo 


rial  Legislature  of  Oregon  ;  in  1860  of 
the  State  Legislature  of  that  State  ;  and 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ore 
gon,  during  a  part  of  the  years  1861-2, 
the  Thirty -seventh  Congress.  In  1845 
he  erected  in  Portland,  Oregon,  his  pre 
sent  residence,  the  first  building,  which 
was  a  log  trading-house.  He  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1864. 

Starkweather,  David  A. — Born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Starkweather.  George  A. — Born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Accounts. 

Starr,  John  F.— Born  in  Phila 
delphia  in  1818;  removed  to  New  Jer 
sey  in  1844 ;  has  been  engaged  in  busi 
ness  pursuits ;  and  in  1863  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  Jersey,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and 
that  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Stearns,  Asahel.  —  He  was  born 
at  Lunenburg,  Massachusetts,  in  1774; 
graduated  at  Cambridge  University  in 
1797;  was  educated  as  a  lawyer;  prac 
tised  with  reputation  many  years  at 
Chelmsford ;  was  several  years  County 
Attorney  for  Middlesex  County;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1815  to  1817;  was  ap 
pointed  Professor  of  Law  at  Cambridge 
in  1817,  and  continued  in  the  office  till 
1829,  when  he  resigned.  In  1824  he 
published  a  volume  011  Real  Actions, — a 
learned  work.  He  was  afterwards  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  for 
revising  the  statutes  of  the  Common 
wealth.  After  this  work  was  completed, 
his  health  declined,  and  he  continued 
very  feeble  till  his  decease.  He  died  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  February  5, 
1839. 

Stebbins,  Henry  G. — Was  born 
in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1812;  re 
ceived  a  good  education ;  was  brought 
up  to  the  business  of  banking,  and  has 
been  identified  with  many  of  the  im 
portant  financial  events  and  trusts  of 
his  native  city.  He  was  at  one  time 


348 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


identified  with  the  militia  of  New  York, 
and  was  Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Regi- 
ment.  He  was  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  of  the  Park,  and  long  President 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  and  President 
of  the  Dramatic  Fund  Association,  and 
an  active  manager  of  the  New  York 
Academy  of  Music.  In  1862  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means.  In  October,  1864,  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  Congress,  because  he  had  de 
clared  himself  in  favor  of  the  war,  and 
therefore  supposed  that  he  did  not  re 
present  the  peace  principles  of  his  con 
stituents. 

Stedman,  William. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1784  ; 
was  a  lawyer  of  extensive  practice ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature ;  was  for 
several  years  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Ju 
dicial  Court  in  Worcester ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1803  to  1810  ;  and  died 
in  1831,  at  Newburyport,  Massachu 
setts,  aged  sixty-six  years.  He  came  to 
the  bar  in  1787,  and  was  in  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1802. 

Steele,  Jolin. — A  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1790  to  1793.  He  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
November  1,  1764,  and  died  August  14, 
1815.  He  was  brought  up  a  merchant, 
but  turned  his  attention  to  agricultural 
pursuits.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  State  Legislature,  part  of  the 
time  as  Speaker  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  to  consider  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States  ;  he  was, 
in  1806,  Commissioner  to  adjust  the 
boundaries  between  the  States  of  North 
and  South  Carolina ;  was  a  General  of 
the  militia ;  and  held  the  office  of  First 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  under 
Presidents  Washington  and  Adams. 
On  August  14,  1815,  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  but  on  that 
day  he  died. 

Steele,   John    ~B.  —  Was  born  in 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  New  York, 
March  28,  1814;  was  educated  at  Dela 
ware  Academy  and  at  Williams  Col 
lege,  Massachusetts ;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1839 ;  in  1841  was 
appointed  District  Attorney  for.  Otsego 
County,  and  served  his  term ;  in  1847 


removed  to  Kingston,  Ulster  County, 
and  there  pursued  his  profession ;  in 
1850  was  elected  Special  Judge  of  that 
county ;  and  in  1860  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  and  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  again  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
on  Expenditures  in  the  War  Depart 
ment. 

Steele,  John  N. — Born  in  Mary 
land,  and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835  to 
1837. 

Steele,  William,  G. — Was  born  in 

Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  Decem 
ber  17,  1820;  educated  at  the  Somer- 
ville  Academy ;  entered  early  into  the 
mercantile  business,  to  which  he  subse 
quently  added  that  of  banking ;  was 
appointed,  for  several  years,  by  the  Go 
vernor  of  the  State,  a  State  Director  for 
the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  and 
the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Com 
pany  ;  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  Jersey,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Select  Com 
mittee  on  Army  Contracts  ;  and  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,- serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Accounts,  and  Enrolled  Bills.  He  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Conven 
tion  of  1864. 

Steenrod,  Lewis.— Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1845. 

Stephens,  Abraham!*. — Born  in 
New  York,  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 


Stephens,  Alexander  H.- 

in  Taliaferro  County,  Georgia,  '. 


-Born 

Febru 
ary  11,  1812.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  when  kind  friends, 
unsolicited,  furnished  him  with  the 
means  to  obtain  an  education,  all  of 
which  he  subsequently  returned  with 
interest.  He  prepared  himself  for  col 
lege  in  nine  months,  and  graduated  at 
Franklin  College  in  1832.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1834.  After  paying  his  debts,  his  first 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


349 


earnings  were  devoted  to  redeeming 
from  the  hands  of  strangers  the  home 
of  his  childhood,  which  had  been  sold 
after  his  father's  death,  and  upon  which 
he  still  resides.  In  1836  he  was  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  where  he  served  five  years,  de 
voting  himself  especially  to  the  internal 
interests  of  his  native  State.  In  1839 
he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Com 
mercial  Convention  at  Charleston,  where 
he  is  said  to  have  made  a  deep  impres 
sion  by  his  peculiar  eloquence.  In  1842 
he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  his  State ; 
and  in  1843  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  to 
which  position  he  was  regularly  re- 
elected  to  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  has  served  on  many  com 
mittees,  delivered  many  speeches  ;  and 
it  was  while  he  officiated  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Territories  that 
the  Territories  of  Minnesota  and  Ore 
gon  were  admitted  into  the  Union.  He 
subsequently  became  identified  with  the 
Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  chosen  Vice- 
President  and  member  of  Congress  of 
the  so-called  "Southern  Confederacy." 

Stephens,  Philander.  —  Was  a 

member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1829  to  1833.  He  died  at  Spring 
field,  Pennsylvania,  July  8,  1842,  aged 
fifty-four  years. 

Stephenson.  Benjamin. — He  was 

a  Delegate  in  Congress,  from  Illinois 
Territory,  from  1815  to  1816,  when  he 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  Public  Mo 
neys  in  Edwardsville,  Illinois. 

Stephenson,    James.  —  He    was 

born  in  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania, 
March  20,  1764;  and  having  removed  to 
Virginia  at  an  early  day,  commanded 
a  company  in  the  campaign  of  General 
St.  Clair  ;  was  present  at  the  quelling 
of  the  Whiskey  Insurrection  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  promoted  to  the  office 
of  Brigade  Inspector ;  he  served  for 
many  years  as  a  Delegate  to  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1803  to  1805,  from  1809  to  1811,  and 
again  from  1822  to  1825.  He  died  in 
August,  1833. 

Stephenson.  James  S.  —  He  was 

born  in  York  County,  Pennsylvania  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1829; 
and  died  at  Pittsburg,  October  17,  1831. 

Sterigere,  John  J5. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  from  1827  to 
1831-  and  a  member,  in  1829,  of  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Sterling,  Ansel. — He  was  a  native 
of  New  London  County,  Connecticut, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1821  to  1825. 

Sterling,  Micah. — Born  at  Lyme, 
Connecticut,  in  1781,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1804.  He  removed  to 
the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  for 
some  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1823.  He  died  at  Watertown, 
New  York,  April  10,  1844. 

Sterrett,  Samuel. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  United  States,  from  Maryland,  from 
1791  to  1793;  and  died  at  Baltimore, 
July  12,  1833,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Stetson,  Charles. — Born  in  New 
Hampshire,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

Stetson,  Lemuel  J3. — He  was  born 
in  New«5f  ork  ;  bred  to  the  law  ;  served 
for  three  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1845,  from  the  same 
State. 

Stevens,  Hestor  L. — He  was  born 
in  Lima,  Livingston  County,  New  York, 
in  October,  1803;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  and  classical  education ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law;  was  for  several  years 
connected  with  the  press  in  Rochester; 
and  having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Michigan,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in^  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to*  1855.  Died  in  Georgetown,  D.  C., 
May  7,  1864. 

Stevens,  Isaac  I. — He  was  born  in 
North  Andover,  Massachusetts,  in  1818; 
graduated  at  the  West  Point  Military 
Academy  in  1839,  and  entered  the  Corps 
of  Engineers,  in  which  service  he  con 
tinued  until  1853,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  and  Superintendent 


350 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  Indian  Affairs  for  the  Territory  of 
Washington.  This  office  he  resigned  in 
1857,  having  previously  been  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  Washington 
Territory,  where  he  continued  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861. 
As  an  officer  of  the  army,  he  was  at  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  under  General  Scott ; 
fought  in  several  subsequent  battles; 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  final  as 
sault  upon  the  city  of  Mexico,  and  was 
twice  breveted  for  gallant  services.  He 
also  served  for  a  time  as  an  assistant  in 
the  Coast  Survey  Office  in  Washington 
City.  When  Governor  of  Washington 
Territory,  he  travelled  throughout  its 
whole  extent,  and  as  Commissioner  made 
many  treaties  with  the  Indian  tribes. 
In  September,  1861,  he  was  appointed  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  volunteer  ser 
vice,  and  was  killed  in  battle,  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  1862. 

Stevens.  James. — He  was  born  in 
Fairfield,  Connecticut;  served  in  Con 
gress  as  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821,  voting  with 
the  South  on  the  Missouri  Compromise ; 
and  in  1822  was  appointed  Postmaster 
at  Stamford ;  he  died  at  that  place,  in 
April,  1835,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus. — Born  in  Ca 
ledonia  County,  Vermont,  April  4, 1793 ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1814 ; 
during  that  year  removed  to  Pennsyl 
vania;  studied  law  and  taught  in  an 
academy  at  the  same  time;  in  1816  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Adams  County  ; 
in  1833  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  also  in  1834,  1835,  1837,  and 
1841 ;  in  1836  was  elected  a  member  to 
the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Con 
stitution  ;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  Canal 
Commissioner ;  in  1842  he  removed  to 
Lancaster ;  and  in  1848  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Thirty-first  Congress,  also  to  the 
Thirty-second;  and  in  1858  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
and  also  to  the  Thirty-seventh,  during 
which  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  of  Ways  and  Means,  having  previ 
ously  served  on  various  important  com 
mittees.  In  1862  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  again  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means.  He  was  also  a  Der 
legate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of 
1864. 


Stevenson,  Andrew.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  Culpeper  County,  Virginia, 
and  entered  public  life  in  1804,"  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  where, 
after  several  sessions,  he  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1821  to  1834 ;  and  for  the  twen 
tieth.  Twenty-first,  and  Twenty-second 
Congresses,  from  1828  to  1834,  was 
Speaker.  He  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Great  Britain  in  1836,  and  remained 
there  till  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Eve 
rett  in  1841.  After  his  return  to  Ame 
rica,  he  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  Agri 
cultural  pursuits,  and  to  the  interests  of 
the  University  of  Virginia,  of  which 
institution  he  was  Rector  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  As  a  friend  and  neighbor  he 
was  much  beloved.  He  died  at  Blen 
heim,  Albemarle  County,  Virginia,  Ja 
nuary  25,  1857,  aged  seventy-three. 

Stevenson,  John  W.  —  Born  in 
Richmond,  Virginia;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  read  law;  and 
settled  in  Covington,  Kentucky 'in  1841, 
practising  his  profession  with  success ; 
was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature 
in  1845,  1846,  and  1847 ;  in  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention,  in  which  he  took  a  leading  part ; 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
National  Conventions  of  1848,  1852,  and 
1856 ;  he  was  twice  a  Senatorial  Elector ; 
and  was  one  of  three  Commissioners  ap 
pointed  to  revise  the  Civil  and  Criminal 
Code  of  Kentucky ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Elections.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee. 

Stewart,  Andreiv. — Born  in  Fay- 
ette  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  June, 
1792.  He  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1815 ;  was  soon 
afterwards  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  served  three  years  ;  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Western  Pennsylva 
nia  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1821  to  1829,  from  1831  to 
1835,  and  from  1843  to  1847.  In  Con 
gress  and  out  of  it,  he  was  ever  a  warm 
advocate  of  what  is  known  as  the 
"  American  Protective  System,"  and  of 
late  years  he  has  been  devoted  chiefly 
to  the  congenial  pursuits  of  agriculture, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


351 


though  paying  some  attention  to  the 
business  of  manufacturing. 

Stewart,  David. — He  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1849  to 
1850,  by  Executive  appointment.  Died 
in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  January  6, 
1858. 

Stewart,  James. — He  was  a  Re- 

presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  during  the  years  1818  and 
1819.  Died  in  North  Carolina  in  Feb 
ruary,  1822,  aged  fifty -two  years. 

Stewart,  James  A. — He  was  born 
in  Dorchester  County,  Maryland,  No 
vember  24,  1808 ;  received  a  good  edu 
cation,  and  studied  law;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Maryland  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  Mary 
land,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Patents.  He  was 
also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  Committee. 

Stewart,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1800  to  1805. 

Stewart,  John. — Born  in  Chatham , 
Connecticut,  in  1795;  was  by  occupa 
tion  a  farmer ;  served  many  years  in 
the  Connecticut  Legislature  ;  was  Judge 
of  Middlesex  County  Court ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1843  to  1845.  Died  at 
Chatham,  September  16,  1860. 

Stewart,  William. — He  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Mercer,  Mercer  County, 
Pennsylvania,  September  16,  1811  ;  was 
educated  at  Jefferson  College,  in  that 
State ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1835.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  of  Pennsylvania  for 
three  years,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Expenses  in  the  War 
Department,  and  on  Agriculture. 

Stiles,  John  D. — Was  born  in  Lu- 
zerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  January 
15,  1823 ;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844 ;  in  1853  he  was  elected 


District  Attorney  for  Lehigh  County, 
and  held  the  office  three  years  ;  he  was 
a  Delegate  in  1856  to  the  National  Con 
vention  which  nominated  Mr.  Bucha 
nan  for  President,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  T.  B.  Cooper,  de 
ceased  (against  whom  he  had  run  in  the 
previous  election),  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Claims.  In  1862 
he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Depart 
ment,  and  Revolutionary  Claims.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

Stiles,  William  H. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  tnat  State,  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  before  leaving  Wash 
ington,  was  appointed  Charge  d'Affaires 
to  Austria. 

St.  John,  Daniel  S. — Born  in 
Sharon,  Litchfield  County, Connecticut, 
October  8, 1808 ;  removed  to  New  York  ; 
became  a  merchant's  clerk,  and  then 
followed  the  mercantile  business  until 
1847 ;  in  1839  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature ;  served  four  years  as  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  for 
Sullivan  County  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirtieth 
Congress.  From  1849  until  1855,  he 
had  charge  of  the  Bank  Department  of 
New  York,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits 
in  Newburg,  New  York. 

St.  John,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

St.  Martin,  Louis. — He  was  born 

in  Louisiana,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Stockton,    Richard.  —  Born   at 

Princeton,  New  Jersey,  April  17,  1764, 
and  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in  1779  ; 
on  leaving  college  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  at  the  age  of 
twenty.  In  1792  he  was  a  Presidential 
Elector.  He  was  a  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  from  1796  to  1799,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1813  to 
1815.  In  1827  he  was  a  Commissioner 
for  settling  the  boundary  line  between 


352 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


New  York  and  New  Jersey.  He  was 
eminently  distinguished  for  his  talents, 
was  an  eloquent  and  profound  lawyer, 
and  during  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  was  at  the  head  of  the  bar  in 
New  Jersey.  He  died  at  Princeton, 
March  7,  1828. 

Stockton,  Robert  Field. — He  was 

born  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  Early 
in  life  he  entered  the  United  States 
Navy,  and  was  actively  engaged  in  some 
of  the  most  important  naval  battles 
during  the  war  of  1812.  He  command 
ed  the  American  squadron  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  and  he  was  one  of  the  foun 
ders  of  the  colony  of  Liberia.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  of  our  commanders  to 
introduce  and  apply  steam  to  naval  pur 
poses,  the  fanrous  sloop-of-war  Prince 
ton  having  been  built  under  his  super- 
vMon.  When  war  was  declared  with 
Mexico,  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
our  fleet  in  the  Pacific,  and  performed 
the  duties  of  Commodore,  General,  and 
Governor,  and  the  foundation  of  reli 
gion,  education,  and  social  progress  were 
laid  by  his  instrumentality  in  many  of 
those  outposts  of  our  Western  world. 
Soon  after  his  return  from  the  Pacific, 
he  resigned  his  commission  in  the  navy, 
and  devoted  himself  to  the  internal  im 
provement  of  his  native  State.  He  was 
elected  United  States  Senator  from  1851 
to  1857,  serving  as  a  member  of  several 
important  committees.  The  bill  to 
abolish  flogging  in  the  navy  was  intro 
duced  by  him.  He  was  also  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Stoddart,  Ebenezer.  —  Born  in 
West  Woodstock,  Connecticut,  May  6, 
1786,  and  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1806 ;  he  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  and  practised  extensively  ;  had 
several  years  been  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State  for  one  year.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1825,  and  died  at  Woodstock, 
August,  1848. 

Stoddart,  John  T. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Claims, 
and  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Stokely,  Samuel. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio ;  received  a  liberal  education ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  served 


in  the  State  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1841  to  1843,  serving  on  two  pro 
minent  committees. 

Stokes,  Montford. — Born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1760;  was  for  several  years 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  and  sub 
sequently  of  the  Senate  ;  in  which  capa 
city  he  became  so  popular  as  to  be  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  which  honor 
he  declined.  He  was  again  elected  in 
1816  to  the  same  position,  and  served 
until  1823.  In  1826  he  went  into  the 
General  Assembly  as  Senator  ;  in  1829 
into  the  Commons ;  also  in  1830,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State. 
In  1831  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Jackson  Indian  Agent  in  Arkansas, 
where  he  died,  in  1842. 

Stokes,  William  S. — He  was  born 
in  Chatham  County,  North  Carolina, 
September  9,  1814 ;  received,  when 
young,  only  a  limited  education ;  has 
devoted  the  most  of  his  life  to  agricul 
tural  pursuits ;  served  three  sessions  in 
the  Legislature  of  Tennessee,  twice  as  a 
Representative  and  once  as  a  Senator ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Tennessee,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  During 
the  Rebellion  of  1861  he  served  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Union  army. 

Stone,  Alfred  P.— He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1844  to  1845. 

Stone,  David.  —  Born  in  Bertie 
County,  North  Carolina,  February  17, 
1770  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1788;  studied  law,  and  rose  to  a  high 
position  at  the  bar.  He  was  four  years 
in  the  State  Legislature ;  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  from  1795  to  1798;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1799 
to  1801 ;  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1801  to  1807  ;  Governor  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1808 ;  and  served  a  second  term 
as  United  States  Senator,  from  1813  to 
1814,  which  position  he  resigned  on  ac 
count  of  disagreements  with  his  consti 
tuents.  Died  October  7,  1818. 

Stone,  James. — Born  in  Kentucky, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Stone,  James  W.— Born  in  Ken- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


353 


tucky  in  1813,  and  died  October  13, 
1854.  He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Stone,  Michael. — He  was  born  in 
Charles  County,  Maryland,  about  the 
year  1750,  and  died  in  1812.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1789  to  1791;  and 
was  subsequently,  for  many  years, 
Judge  of  the  Charles  County  Court. 

Stone,  William. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1838  to  1839. 

Storer,  Bellamy. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions.  He  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  and  was  a  Judge  in  Cincinnati. 

Storer,  Clement. — He  was  born  in 
1760,  and  died  at  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  November  22,  1830.  He 
was  a  United  States  Senator,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Storrs,  Henry  JR. — Born  in  Mid- 
dletown,  Connecticut,  in  1787.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1804 ;  prac 
tised  law  some  years  at  Utica,  New 
York ;  and  during  his  residence  there, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821,  and  from  1823  to  1831. 
He  afterwards  established  himself  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  where  he  soon  be 
came  a  very  eminent  practitioner  in  his 
profession.  He  was  possessed  of  exten 
sive  and  various  acquirements,  uncom 
mon  powers  of  discrimination,  great 
logical  exactness,  and  a  ready  and  pow 
erful  elocution  ;  and  as  a  debater  in 
Congress,  he  stood  conspicuous  in  the 
first"  rank.  He  died  July  29,  1837,  at 
New  Haven. 

Storrs,  William  L. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1814 ;  adopted  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1829  to 
1833,  and  again  from  1839  to  1840 ;  and 
was  for  many  years  the  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut. 


He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1798;  studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1805,  and  elected 
Speaker ;  and  during  the  years  1808  and 
1809  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  In  1811  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Madison  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death.  He  ac 
quired  a  large  fortune  from  his  practice 
as  a  lawyer,  and  it  is  said  that  his  in 
come  from  the  sale  of  his  legal  writings, 
which  are  numerous  and  of  the  highest 
order,  numbering  twenty-seven  vol 
umes,  with  thirty-four  volumes  of  Deci 
sions,  has  amounted  to  ten  thousand 
dollars  per  annum.  In  1830  he  was  ap 
pointed  Dane  Professor  in  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  University,  and  sub 
sequently  published  his  Commentaries 
on  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
In  early  life  he  was  a  writer  of  poetry, 
and  in  his  later  years,  was  considered, 
even  in  England,  "the  first  of  living 
writers  on  law."  He  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  the  Colleges  of  Har 
vard,  Brown,  and  Dartmouth.  He  died 
in  Cambridge,  September  10,  1845.  His 
Life  was  published  by  his  son,  "VV.  W. 
Story,  in  1851. 

Stout,  Lansing.  —  Born  in  Pa- 
melia,  New  York,  March  27,  1828;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education,  and  com 
menced  active  life  by  working  on  a  farm 
and  teaching  school;  became  a  Superin 
tendent  of  public  schools,  and  studied 
law ;  went  to  California  in  1851,  and  in 
1856  was  elected  to  the  California  Le 
gislature;  in  1857  he  went  to  Oregon, 
and  turned  his  attention  to  the  practice 
of  law ;  in  1858  was  elected  Judge  of 
Multnomah  County ;  and  before  the 
close  of  that  year  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Oregon,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  State 
Department. 

Stow,  Silas. — He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

Stower,  John  G. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  was  a 
State  Senator,  from  Madison  County, 
in  1833  and  1834. 


Story,  Joseph. — Born  in  Marble-          Stranahan,J.S.T. — He  was  born 
head,  Massachusetts,  September  18, 1779.    I   in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 


354 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Strange,  Robert.— Born  in  Virgi 
nia,  September  20,  1796;  educated  at 
Hampden  Sidney  College  ;  studied  law, 
and  removed  to  North  Carolina,  where 
he  took  a  high  position  in  his  profes 
sion  ;  he  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  State  Legislature ;  was  elected  in 
1826  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court ; 
and  held  the  office  until  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
1836  to  1841,  but  resigned  his  seat  in 
1840,  having  received  from  his  State  in 
structions  incompatible  with  his  ideas 
of  duty.  He  was  subsequently  appoint 
ed  Solicitor  for  the  Fifth  Judicial  Dis 
trict  of  the  State,  and  toward  the  close 
of  his  life,  was  wholly  devoted  to  his 
profession.  He  died  in  1854. 

Stratton,  Charles  C.  —  Born  in 
New  Jersey  in  1796;  was  an  active  po 
litician  ;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1844,  and 
Governor  of  New  Jersey,  from  1844  to 
1848,  after  which  he  retired  to  his  farm 
in  Gloucester  County,  where  he  died, 
March  30,  1859.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  election  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Con 
gress,  and  although  he  appeared  with 
the  broad  seal  of  his  State,  he  was  not 
admitted. 

Stratton,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1801  to  1803. 

Stratton,  John  L.  N.— Born  in 
Mount  Holly,  New  Jersey,  in  1817 ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1836  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1839  ;  and  in  1858  he  was  elected 
•a  Representative,  from  New  Jersey,  to 
the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  of 
Ways  and  Means,  and  on  National  Ar 
mories. 

Stratton,  Nathan  T.  —  Born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 


Straub,  Christian  M. — Born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Street,  Handall  S.— He  was  born 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Strohm,  John. — He  was  born,  Oc 
tober  16,  1793,  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  what  is  now  Fulton 
Township  ;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  taught  a  school  for  six 
years.  In  1831  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature  of  .his  na 
tive  State,  serving  three  sessions  in  the 
House  and  eight  in  the  Senate,  and  du 
ring  one  term  as  Speaker.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term  ending 
in  1849. 

Strong,  Caleb.  —  Born  in  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  January,  1745, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1764.  In  consequence  of  poor  health  he 
did  not  commence  the  practice  of  law 
for  eight  years  afterwards.  He  spent 
his  life  at  Northampton,  where  his  pa 
ternal  ancestors  had  lived  from  the  year 
1659.  In  1775  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Safety;  and  in  1780  he 
was  chosen  one  of  the  Council  of  Massa 
chusetts.  In  1779  he  assisted  in  form 
ing  the  Constitution  of  that  State ;  and 
in  1787  he  also  assisted  in  forming  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States.  From 
1789  to  1797  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  and  from  1800  to  1807  he  was  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  ;  also,  from  1812  to 
1816.  Governor  Strong  was  a  man  of 
unimpeachable  moral  character,  and  he 
possessed  a  vigorous  and  well-cultivated 
mind.  He  died  November  7,  1819. 

Strong,  James. — He  was  born  in 
Windham,  Connecticut,  in  1783,  and 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont 
in  1 806  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1819  to 
1821 ;  and  again  from  1823  to  1831.  He 
died  in  Chester,  New  Jersey,  August  8, 
1847. 

Strong,  Selah  J3.— He  was  born  in 
Brookhaven,  Long  Island,  May  1, 1792  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1811  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1814 ;  was  at  one  time  Attorney  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


355 


Suffolk  County ;  a  Representative,  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1845 ;  and  was 
appointed,  in  1847,  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  York. 

Strong,  Solomon. — He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1815  to  1819.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1812,  1813,  1843,  and  1844;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1818  to 
1842  ;  and  died  September  16,  1850,  aged 
seventy-one  years. 

Strong,  Stephen. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Strong,  Theron  11.— He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  served  in  the  Assembly 
of  New  York,  from  "Wayne  County,  in 
1842  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Strong,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Windham  County,  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1811  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1821.  He  was  also  a  Sheriff 
for  eight  years  in  Hartford  County ; 
Judge  of  the  same  County ;  and  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  for  eight  years. 

Strong,  William.— BOTH  in  Som- 
ers,  Tolland  County,  Connecticut,  May 
6,  1808 ;  attended  Plainfield  Academy, 
and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1828 ; 
taught  school  in  Connecticut  and  New 
Jersey  ;  studied  law  in  New  Haven,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Philadelphia, 
in  1832;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1847 
to  1851. 

Strother,   George  F. — He  was  a 

native  of  Culpeper  County,  Virginia, 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a  Kepresen-' 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1817  to  1820,  when  he  was  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri. 

Strother,  James  F. — He  was  born 
in  Culpeper  County,  Virginia,  Sep 
tember  4,  1811  ;  received  a  collegiate 
education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law.  He  served  ten  years  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Virginia,  having  occupied  the 


chair  of  Speaker  during  the  sessions  of 
1847  and  1848.  He  was  a  member,  in 
1850,  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  present  Constitution  of  the  State ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1851  to  1853.  Died  in  Culpeper  County, 
September  20,  1860. 

Stroiise,  Myer. — Was  born  in  Ger 
many,  December  16,  1825 ;  came  with 
his  father  to  the  United  States  in  1832, 
and  settled  in  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania  ; 
received  an  academic  education  and  stu 
died  law  ;  from  1848  to  1852  he  edited  a 
newspaper  in  Philadelphia,  called  the 
North  American  Farmer,  after  which 
he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession ;  and  in  1862  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Pennsylvania, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 

Strudwick,  William  E.— He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ma 
ryland,  from  1796  to  1797. 

Stuart,  Alexander  H.  H. — He 

was  born  in  Staunton,  Virginia,  April 
2, 1807;  his  early  education  was  received 
at  the  Staunton  Academy,  and  in  1824 
he  spent  one  session  at  William  and 
Mary  College;  he  then  commenced  the 
study  of  law,  which  he  finished  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  in  1828,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  Staunton 
in  that  year.  His  political  career  began 
as  a  member  of  the  Young  Men's  Con 
vention  in  Washington,  in  1832.  In 
1836  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates,  of  Virginia,  from 
the  County  of  Augusta,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1837  and  1838.  In  1839  he 
declined  a  re-election  and  pursued  the 
practice  of  law.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  canvass  of  1840,  for  Presi 
dent  Harrison.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  till  1843.  In  1844  he 
delivered  the  annual  address  before  the 
American  Institute  in  New  York  City. 
He  was  Presidential  Elector  on  the 
Clay  ticket,  in  1844,  having  been  from 
the  outset  of  life,  a  devoted  personal 
friend  of  that  statesman.  He  was  also 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848.  In  1850 
he  was  invited,  by  President  Fillmore, 
to  fill  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  In 
terior,  which  he  held  until  1853,  and 
then  returned  to  his  profession  in  Staun 
ton.  In  1856  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  nominated  Mr.  Fill- 


356 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


more.  In  1857.  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  of  Virginia,  for  four  years,  and 
devoted  himself  especially  to  the  sub 
ject  of  internal  improvements. 

Stuart,  Andrew. — Born  in  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Stuart ?  Archibald. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839. 

Stuart,  Charles  E. — He  was  born  in 
Columbia  CoiiEty,  New  York,  Novem 
ber  25,  1810,  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  Legislature  in  1842  ;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirtieth  and  Thirty- 
second  Congresses  ;  and  was  elected,  in 
1853,  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  important  Committee 
on  Public  Lands. 

Stuart,  David. — He  was  born  in 

New  York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Michigan,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

Stuart,  John  T. — Was  born  in 
F-ayette  County,  Kentucky,  November 
10,  1807 ;  graduated  at  the  Centre  Col 
lege,  Danville,  in  1826;  and,  having 
studied  law,  settled  in  Illinois,  where 
he  has  since  practised  his  profession. 
In  1832  and  1834  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  Legislature ;  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Illinois,  to  the 
Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Territories.  In  1848  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years ; 
and  in  1862  he  was  re-elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs. 

Stuart?  Philip. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1811  to  1819. 

Sturgeon,  Daniel.— He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1840  to  1851. 

Sturges,  Jonathan.  —  Born  at 
Fairfield,  Connecticut,  August  23,  1740; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1759,  and 
became  a  lawyer.  In  1775  he  was 


chosen  a  Delegate  to  Congress ;  he  es 
poused  and  supported  the  cause  of  Inde 
pendence,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1789  to  1793,  when  he 
ivas  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Connecticut,  and  continued  in 
the  office  until  1805.  He  died  at  Fair- 
field,  October  4,  1819. 

Sturges,  Lewis  Burr. — Born  in 
Fairfield,  Connecticut,  in  1762,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1782.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1805  to  1817 ;  and 
subsequently  emigrated  to  the  State  of 
Ohio.  He  died  in  Norwalk,  Ohio, 
March  30,  1844. 

Sullivan,  George. — He  was  born 
in  Durham,  New  Hampshire,  in  1772; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1790,  and  commenced  in  early  life  the 
practice  of  law  in  Exeter,  which  he 
continued  for  more  than  forty  years, 
and  acquired  a  high  reputation.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  the  General 
Court,  in  1805  and  1813 ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  in  1811  arid  1812 ; 
and  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  in 
1814  and  1815.  He  was  twenty-one 
years  Attorney-General  of  the  State, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1836.  He 
died  at  Exeter,  June  14,  1838,  highly 
esteemed  for  his  talents  and  public  use 
fulness. 

Summers,   George   W. — He  was 

born  in  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  near 
Alexandria,  but  has  lived  from  infancy 
in  Kanawha  County,  in  the  western 
part  of  the  State.  He  was  educated  for 
the  legal  profession,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in"  1827.  In  1830  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and 
continued  to  represent  Kanawha  County 
in  the  Legislature  for  several  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  the  spring  of  1841,  and  re-elected 
in  1843,  serving  throughout  the  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  Congresses. 
In  1850  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  which  framed  the  pre 
sent  Constitution  of  Virginia.  In  1851 
he  was  unanimously  nominated  as  the 
Whig  candidate  for  Governor,  at  the 
first  election  of  the  Governor  by  the 
people,  that  officer  having  been  pre 
viously  chosen  by  the  Legislature,  but 
was  defeated.  In  May,  1852,  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Eighteenth  Judi 
cial  Circuit  in  Virginia,  and  having 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


357 


served  in  that  capacity  for  six  years,  he 
resigned  his  office,  July  1,  1858,  there 
being  two  years  of  the  term  for  which 
he  had  been  elected  unexpired.  He 
has  of  late  devoted  himself  to  agricul 
ture,  and  the  practice  of  law,  and  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Sumner,  Charles. — Was  born  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  January  6,  1811 ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1830 ; 
spent  the  three  following  years  at  the 
Cambridge  Law  School ;  had  the  edito 
rial  charge  for  three  years  of  the  Ameri 
can  Jurist ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1834,  and  settled  in  Boston  ;  was  sub 
sequently  the  Keporter  of  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court,  and  published  three 
volumes,  which  now  bear  his  name ; 
was  for  three  winters  a  teacher  at  the 
Cambridge  Law  School ;  soon  after 
wards  edited  Dunlap's  Treatise  on  Ad 
miralty  Practice  ;  and  about  this  time 
declined  a  Professorship  tendered  to 
him  by  his  Alma  Mater.  In  1837  he 
visited  Europe,  was  received  with  mark 
ed  attention  in  England,  and  remained 
abroad  until  1840.  During  the  years 
1844-46  he  produced  an  edition  of  Ve- 
sey's  Keports,  in  twenty  volumes  ;  from 
that  time  onward,  he  frequently  ap 
peared  in  public  as  a  speaker  on  various 
philanthropic  and  literary  subjects,  and 
two  volumes  of  his  orations  were  pub 
lished  in  1850.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts  ;  in  1856,  for  words  uttered  in  de 
bate  on  the  subject  of  Slavery,  he  was 
assaulted  at  his  desk  in  the  Senate 
Chamber,  by  Preston  Brooks,  a  Repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina,  from 
the  effects  of  which  his  health  suffered, 
and  he  again  visited  Europe,  having 
been,  just  before  his  departure,  re-elect 
ed  for  a  second  term  to  the  Senate.  In 
1853  he  published  a  work  on  "White 
Slavery  in  the  Barbary  States,'7  and 
in  1856,  a  volume  of  "Speeches  and 
Addresses."  In  1863  he  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  for  the  third  term,  ending 
in  1869,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Sumter,  Thomas. — A  distinguish 
ed  soldier  of  the  American  Revolution  ; 
was  a  citizen  of  South  Carolina ;  and 
was  promoted,  by  Governor  Rutledge,  in 
1780,  from  the  office  of  Colonel  to  that 
of  Brigadier-General.  For  his  services 
he  received  the  thanks  of  Congress,  and 
the  applause  of  his  country.  In  1801 


he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  until  1809,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  Brazil.  He  died 
suddenly,  June  1,  1832,  aged  ninety- 


Sumter,  TJiomas  D.  —  Born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1840  to  1843. 

Sutherland,,  Joel  _B. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Phi 
ladelphia  County,  Pennsylvania,  from 
1827  to  1837,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce  during  the 
Twenty-fourth  Congress.  Died  in  Phi 
ladelphia,  November  15,  1861. 

Sutherland,   Josiah. —  He  was 

born,  in  New  York,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-second 
Congress,  from  that  State. 

Swan,  Samuel. — Born  in  Somerset 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1771  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1821  to  1831,  and  died  at 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  August  24. 
1844. 

*Swanwick,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1795  to  1798. 

Swart  f  Peter. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Senate,  from  Scho- 
harie  County,  from  1817  to  1820,  and 
had  been  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1807  to  1809. 

Swearingen,  Henry.  —  Born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Swearingen,   Thomas   V.  —  He 

was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Virginia, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1819  to 
1821.  Died,  August  19,  1822,  in  Vir 
ginia. 

Sweat,  Lorenzo  D.  M.— Born  in 
Parsonsfield,  York  County,  Maine,  May 
26,  1818  ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College 
in  1837,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law  School 
in  1840 ;  during  the  next  two  years  he 
practised  law  in  New  Orleans  ;  in  1856 
and  1860  he  was  City  Solicitor  in  Port 
land  ;  in  1861  and  1862  a  member  of  the 


358 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


State  Senate  ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Maine,  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Sweeny,  George. — Born  in  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1839  to  1843. 

Sweetser,  Charles, — Born  in  Ver 
mont,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1853. 

Swift,  Benjamin. — He  was  born 
in  Amenia,  New  York,  April  5,  1781 ; 
he  received  an  academic  education ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  at  Bennington  in  1806 ;  he  was  set 
tled  for  a  time  in  Manchester,  and  sub 
sequently  in  St.  Alban's,  where  he  rose 
to  eminence  in  his  profession.  In  1813 
and  1814,  1825  and  1826,  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  General  Assembly  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Vermont,  from  1827  to  1831.  He 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Mid- 
dlebury  College  in  1820,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Corporation  of  that  institu 
tion  from  1830  to  1839.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
for  six  years,  after  which  he  retired  !o 
private  life.  While  in  apparent  good 
health  he  died  suddenly,  in  an  open 
field  on  his  farm,  November  11,  1847. 

Swift.  Zephaniah. — He  was  born 
in  Wareham,  Massachusetts,  in  1759 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1778,  and 
established  himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Wind- 
ham,  Connecticut,  where  his  superior 
talents  gained  him  a  lucrative  practice 
in  his  profession.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1793  to  1797,  and  in  1800  was  Sec 
retary  to  Ellsworth,  Davie,  and  Murray, 
in  their  mission  to  France.  Soon  after 
his  return  he  was  placed  on  the  bench 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  State, 
where  he  continued  eighteen  years,  dur 
ing  the  last  five  of  which  he  was  Chief 
Justice.  He  was  afterwards  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  one 
of  a  Committee  to  revise  the  Statute 
Laws  of  the  State.  He  published  several 
works;  among  them  was  a  "  Digest  of 
the  Laws  of  Connecticut,  on  the  model 
of  Blackstone."  He  died  at  Warren, 
Ohio,  September  27,  1823. 

Sivoope,  Jacob. — He  was  a  Repre 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1809  to  1811. 

Swope,  Samuel  F. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Sykes,  George. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843. 
to  1847. 

Taggart,  Samuel. — Born  in  Lon 
donderry,  Massachusetts,  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1774;  he  studied  for  the 
ministry,  and  settled  in  Coleraine  in 
1777.  He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  serv 
ing  from  1803  to  1817,  and  died  in  1825, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 

Tait,  Charles. — He  was  born  in 
Louisa  County,  Virginia,  but  removed 
at  an  early  age  to  Georgia.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Georgia,  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1809  to 
1819.  He  distinguished  himself  as  a 
supporter  of  the  administrations  of  Ma 
dison  and  Monroe.  In  1819  he  removed 
to  Alabama,  and  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  District  Court,  when  first  estab 
lished  in  that  State,  which  oifice  he  re 
signed  in  1826.  He  died  in  Wilcox 
County,  Alabama,  October  7,  1835,  in 
the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age. 

Talbot.  Albert  G. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  War  Department, 
and  a  member  of  that  on  Roads  and 
Canals. 

Talbot,  Isham. — He  was  born  in 
Bedford  County,  Virginia,  in  1773;  re 
ceived  a  good  education ;  studied  law, 
and  practised  with  success  ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Senate,  from 
1812  to  1815;  from  1815  to  1819  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate,  and 
for  a  second  term,  from  1820  to  1825. 
He  died  near  Frankfort,  September  27, 
1837. 

Talbot,  Silas.— He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1793  to  1794,  when  he  was  ap- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


359 


pointed,  by  President  Washington,  Cap 
tain  in  the  navy,  having  previously 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Montgomery  County. 

Taliaferro,  Benjamin. — He  was 

a  Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1799  to  1802.  Died  Sep 
tember  3,  1821. 

Taliaferro,,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Spottsylvania  County,  Virginia,  in 
1768 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1801  to 
1803,  from  1811  to  1813,  from  1824  to 
1831,  and  from  1835  to  1843.  For  three 
years  before  his  death  he  was  Librarian 
of  the  Treasury  Department  in  Wash 
ington.  He  died  at  his  residence  in 
Virginia,  August  18,  1853. 

Tallmadc/e,  Benjamin.— He  was 

born  in  Suffolk  County,  New  York, 
February  25,  1754.  His  military  ser 
vices  were  very  valuable ;  he  acted  a 
prominent  part  in  the  capture  of  Andr£ ; 
planned  and  conducted  the  expedition 
in  1780,  which  resulted  in  the  capture 
of  Fort  George  and  the  destruction  of 
the  British  stores  on  Long  Island ;  and 
was  a  member  of  Washington's  military 
family.  After  the  war,  having  attained 
the  rank  of  General,  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  acquired  a 
large  property.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1801  to  1817.  He  was  highly  re 
spected  for  his  public  services  and  pri 
vate  character,  and  died  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  March  6,  1835. 

Tallmadge,  James. — HeVas  born 
in  Stanford,  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  January  28,  1788 ;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1798,  and  was  by 
by  profession  a  lawyer.  He  was,  early 
in  life,  private  Secretary  to  Governor 
Clinton,  and  during  the  war  of  1812 
commanded  a  portion  of  the  force  de 
tailed  for  the  defence  of  New  York 
City.  From  1817  to  1819  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  and  declined  a  re-election ;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State, 
and  in  1823  was  elected  to  the  Assembly 
from  Dutchess  County.  From  1825  to 
1828  he  was  Lieutenant-Governor,  under 
Clinton,  and  in  1846  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  New  York. 
For  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life  he 


was  President  of  the  American  Institute 
in  New  York.  He  visited  Europe,  and 
benefited  the  United  States  by  his  intro 
duction  of  a  knowledge  of  American 
machinery  into  Russia,  and  induced 
that  government  to  adopt  it  in  their 
manufacture  of  cotton  goods.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  University 
of  New  York,  and  was  President  of  the 
Council.  He  was  honored  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  that  institution. 
He  died,  suddenly,  in  New  York  City, 
September  29,  1853. 

Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P. — He 

was  born  in  Chatham,  Columbia  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  February  8,  1795;  gra 
duated  at  Union  College  ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York  in  1828 ;  of  the  State  Senate,  from 
1830  to  1833  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1833  to  1844; 
and  was  subsequently  appointed,  by 
President  Tyler,  Territorial  Governor 
of  Wisconsin,  where  he  now  resides, 
devoted  to  his  profession. 

Tollman,  Peleg. — He  was  born  at 
Tiverton,  Rhode  Island,  in  1764 ;  in 
1778,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  entered 
into  the  privateering  service  for  em 
ployment;  in  1780  he  had  his  left  arm 
shot  off;  and  in  1781  he  was  taken  pri 
soner,  and  was  confined  in  Ireland  and 
England  till  the  peace  in  1783.  He 
soon  afterwards  became  commander  of 
a  merchant  vessel,  and,  after  following 
a  seafaring  life  for  many  years,  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  business  of  a  mer 
chant,  and  acquired  a  large  fortune. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  1813, 
and  died  at  Bath,  Maine,  March  8,  1841. 

Talmadge,  Frederick  A.  —  He 

was  born  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut, 
August  29,  1792;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1811,  and  having  studied  law, 
settled  in  practice,  in  New  York,  in 
1814  ;  in  1836  he  was  elected  an  Alder 
man  of  the  city,  and  also  a  State  Sena 
tor  ;  was,  subsequently,  five  years  Re 
corder  of  the  city ;  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  in  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress  ;  was  again  Recorder  for  three 
years ;  and  in  1857  was  appointed  Gene 
ral  Superintendent  of  the  Metropolitan 
Police,  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 


360 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Tannehill,  Adamson. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1813  to  1815.  Died  De 
cember  23,  1820. 

Tappan,  Benjamin.  —  Born  at 
Northampton,  Massachusetts,  May  25, 
1 773  ;  was  taught  the  business  of  copper 
plate  engraving  and  printing  ;  devoted 
some  attention  to  portrait  painting  ;  and 
subsequently  studied  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  law.  In  1799  he  emigrated 
to  Ohio,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  set 
tlers  there  ;  in  1803  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  the  new  State  ;  he  served 
in  the  war  of  1812  as  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Wadsworth ;  was  for  seven  years 
President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Ohio  Cir 
cuit  ;  in  1833  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Jackson,  United  States  Judge  for 
the  District  of  Ohio ;  and  he  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1839 
to  1845,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Librarv.  He  died  at 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  April"  12, 1857. 

Tappan,  Mason  W.  —  Born  in 
Newport,  Sullivan  County,  New  Hamp 
shire;  fitted  for  college,  and  studied  law 
as  a  profession  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1853, 1854,  and  1855 ; 
and  a  Kepresentative,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and 
Thirty-sixth,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  in 
the  last  Congress  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

Tarr9  Christian.  —  He  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from 
1820  to  1821. 

Tate,  Magnus. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Ca 
rolina,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Tat  nail,  Edward  F.  —  He   was 

born  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Tatnall,  Josiah. — He  was  born  at 
Bonaventure,  near  Savannah,  and  died 
in  the  West  Indies,  in  1804.  His  boy 
hood  was  full  of  adventure,  and  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  joined  the  army  of 
General  Wayne,  at  Ebenezer.  In  1793 
he  was  appointed  Colonel  of  a  Georgia 


regiment,  and  in  1800  a  Brigadier-Ge 
neral,  participating  extensively  in  the 
military  affairs  of  the  State,  and  serving 
occasionally  in  the  Legislature.  He  also 
served  in  1796  at  Louisville,  in  the  Ge 
neral  Assembly  that  rescinded  the  Ya- 
zoo  Act  of  1795  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1796  to 
1799. 

Tatum,  Absalom. — A  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  North  Caroli 
na,  during  the  years  1795  and  1796. 

Taul,  Micah. — He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1815  to  1817. 

Tat/lor ',  George. — He  was  born  in 
Wheeling,  Virginia,  October  19,  1820, 
and  after  receiving  a  liberal  education, 
turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  me 
dicine,  but  subsequently  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1840,  and  removed  to  Indiana, 
where  he  was  successful  as  a  special 
pleader.  In  1844  he  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  and  there  practised  his  profession 
for  four  years,  after  which  he  removed 
to  New  York,  where  he  now  resides. 
In  1856  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  on  the  Cost  of  Pub 
lic  Buildings.  As  an  author,  writing 
upon  topics  connected  with  the  natural 
sciences,  he  has  been  successful.  A  work 
published  in  1851,  and  entitled  "Indica 
tions  of  the  Creator, "  has  passed  through 
four  editions,  and  been  highly  applauded 
by  the  critics  of  England  and  France. 
He  has  also  written  much  in  behalf  of 
popular  education,  and  his  collected  ad 
dresses  and  lectures  make  quite  a  large 
and  interesting  volume. 

Taylor,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Orange  County,  Virginia;  was  distin 
guished  for  his  attention  to  agriculture, 
and  published  a  work  entitled  "  Con 
structor  Construed  :  an  Inquiry  into  the 
Principles  and  Policy  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  1814  ;"  and  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1792  to  1794,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  in  1803,  and  from  1822  to 
1824.  He  died  in  Caroline  County,  Vir 
ginia,  August  20,  1824,  at  an  advanced 
age. 

Taylor,  John. — Born  in  South  Ca- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


361 


rolina  in  1770;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1790 ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1793,  but  turned 
his  attention  chiefly  to  planting  ;  served 
in  the  State  Legislature  a  number  of 
years ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1807  to  1809, 
and  also  from  1817  to  1821 ;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1810  to  1816  ;  was 
a  trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1806 ;  a  State  Senator  in  1810  and 
1822  ;  Governor  of  the  State,  from  1826 
to  1828  ;  and  died  in  1832.  He  was  also 
at  one  time  Keceiver  of  Public  Moneys 
in  Mississippi  Territory. 

Taylor,  John  J. — He  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  and  having  settled  in 
New  York,  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Taylor,  John  L.— Born  in  Staf 
ford  County,  Virginia,  March  7,  1805; 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and 
seminaries  of  the  neighborhood;  studied 
law  in  Washington  City,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1828;  settled  in 
Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in  1829  ;  he  was  for 
six  years  Major-General  of  the  Ohio  mi 
litia  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1847  to  1855, 
serving  from  time  to  time  on  important 
committees. 

Taylor,  John  W. — Born  in  Sara 
toga  County,  New  York,  in  1784,  and 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1803.  He 
studied  law  in  Albany ;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1811,  and  while 
in  that  body  was  elected  to  Congress, 
where  he  served  from  1813  to  1833.  He 
was  Speaker  of  the  House  during  the 
second  session  of  the  Sixteenth  Con 
gress,  during  the  passage  of  the  Missouri 
Compromise.  He  removed  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  1843,  where  he  died  in  Septem 
ber,  1854.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
leading  and  prominent  statesman  of 
New  York,  and  was  esteemed  for  his 
personal  virtues  and  liberal  hospitality. 

Taylor,  Jonathan. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Connecticut,  and  having  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Taylor,  Miles. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  having  taken  up  his  re 
sidence  in  Louisiana,  was  elected  a  Re 


presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Claims,  and  on  the  Ju 
diciary. 

Taylor,  Miles. — He  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Louisiana,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary.  Resigned  in  February,  1861. 

Taylor,  Nathaniel  G. — Born  in 
Carter  County,  Tennessee,  December 
29,  1819;  studied  at  Washington  Col 
lege  in  that  State,  but  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1840;  studied  law. 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1854  to  1855,  as 
the  successor  of  Brookins  Campbell. 
He  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1853,  and  of  late  yearls  has  been  a  min 
ister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
South. 

Taylor,  Robert. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
his  native  State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Taylor,  Waller. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1816  to  1825,  and  died  in  Lunenburg 
County,  Virginia,  August  26,  1826. 
He  held  offices  of  trust  in  the  Territory 
of  Indiana,  served  as  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Harrison  at  the  battle  of  Tippe- 
canoe,  and  was  a  man  of  high  literary 
attainments. 

Taylor,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1833  to  1839,  and  served  two  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  that  State,  from  New 
York  City,  and  two  years  from  Onon- 
daga  County. 

Taylor,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

Taylor  ?  William. — Born  in  Alex 
andria,  District  of  Columbia ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1843  to  1847,  but 
died  in  Washington  City,  January  17, 
1846. 


Tazewcll,  Henry. — He  was  a  Se- 


24 


362 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


nator  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1794  to  1799,  and  President  pro  tern,  of 
the  Senate  during  a  part  of  the  Third 
Congress.  He  died  January  24,  1799,  in 
Washington. 

Tazeivell,  Littleton  jr.— Born  in 
Williamsburg,  Virginia,  in  1774 ;  edu 
cated  at  William  and  Mary  College  ; 
studied  law,  and  attained  great  success 
in  his  profession ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  Legislature  in  1798;  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1799  to  1801  ;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1824  to  1832 ;  and  Governor 
of  Virginia,  from  1834  to  1836.  In  the 
Senate  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Foreign  Kelations,  and  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  that  body  during  a 
part  of  the  Twenty-second  Congress. 
In  1820  he  was  one  of  the  Commission 
ers  under  the  Florida  Treaty,  and  his 
last  great  effort  as  a  lawyer  was  made 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  in  what  was  known  as  the  "Co 
chineal  case."  He  died  at  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  May  G,  1860. 

Telfair,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1813  to  1817.  Died  at  Savannah, 
Georgia,  in  April,  1818. 

Temple,  William. — Born  in  Queen 
Anne  County,  Maryland,  February  28, 
1815 ;  received  a  good  academic  educa 
tion,  and  adopted  the  occupation  of  a 
merchant  in  Smyrna,  Delaware.  In 
1844  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House  ; 
and  the  Governor  of  the  State  and  the 
President  of  the  Senate  having  died,  he 
became  acting  Governor  for  the  balance 
of  the  term.  During  the  next  ten  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 
and  declined  a  re-election  in  1854  ;  and 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Delaware,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  but  died,  before  taking  his  seat,  at 
Smyrna,  Delaware,  in  the  summer  of 
1863. 

Ten  Eyck,  E. — He  was  born  in 
Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  April 
18,  1779  ;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege  ;  studied  law  in  Albany  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  in  1812  and 
1813,  and  Speaker  ;  member  also  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1822  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  *  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1823  to  1825.  He  also 


held  the  offices  of  Judge  of  the  Jefferson 
County  Court,  and  President  of  a  county 
agricultural  society.  He  died  at  Water- 
town,  New  York, 'April  11,  1844. 

Ten   Eycky  John    C.  —  Born   in 

Freehold,  New  Jersey,  March  12,  1814; 
obtained  a  classical  education  under 
private  tutors  ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1835.  In  1839  he 
was  appointed  Prosecutor  of  the  Pleas 
for  Burlington  County,  holding  the  po 
sition  for  ten  years  ;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1844  ;  and  was  elected  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1859,  and  ending  in  1865, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  and  the  Judiciary. 

Tenney,  Samuel. — Was  born  in 
Byfield  Parish,  Newbury,  Massachu 
setts  ;  and  having  received  a  collegiate 
education  at  Harvard  University,  gra 
duating  in  1772,  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine.  When  the  Revolutionary 
war  began,  he  was  found  among  the  as- 
sertors  of  his  country's  rights ;  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill, 
where  he  was  employed  in  attending 
upon  the  wounded.  He  served  during 
the  whole  war,  and  was  attached  to  the 
Rhode  Island  line  of  the  Provincial 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re 
tired  from  his  profession,  and  settled  at 
Exeter,  New  Hampshire.  For  many 
years  he  was  Judge  of  Probate  ;  and  in 
1800  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  serving 
until  1807.  His  death,  which  occurred 
in  1816,  was  universally  regretted.  An 
ardent  lover  of  his  country,  a  faithful 
expounder  of  her  laws  and  institutions, 
and  an  elegant  scholar,  his  memory  is 
still  fondly  cherished  by  many  who 
knew  him. 

Terrill,  William. — He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Le 
gislature,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1821.  Becoming  tired  of  politics,  he 
took  great  interest  in  the  promotion  of 
agricultural  science,  and  in  1853  he  made 
a  donation  of  $20,000  for  the  establish 
ment  of  an  agricultural  professorship  in 
the  University  of  Georgia,  which  pro 
fessorship  bears  his  name.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  useful 
citizens  of  his  State,  and  died  at  Sparta, 
Georgia,  July  4,  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


363 


Terry,  Nathaniel.— Born  in  En- 
field,  Connecticut,  in  1768,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1786.  He  re 
sided  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and 
held  various  offices  in  his  native  State ; 
from  1817  to  1819  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  and  died  in  New  Haven, 
June  14,  1844. 

Test,  John. — He  was  a  native  of 

Salem,  New  Jersey,  and  emigrated  to 
Indiana ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1827,  and  from  1829  to  1831.  He  was 
Presiding  Judge  of  one  of  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  Indiana ;  and  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Mobile,  Alabama,  where  he 
gained  a  high  reputation  for  his  learning 
and  talents  as  a  lawyer.  He  died  near 
CambridgeCity, Indiana, October  9, 1849. 

Timelier,  George. — Born  in  Yar 
mouth,  Massachusetts,  April  12,  1754  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1776  ; 
studied  law,  and  established  himself  in 
practice  in  Biddeford,  Maine ;  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  old  Congress,  and  on 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  served 
as  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1789  to  1801  ;  in 
1792  he  was  elected  a  District  Judge  in 
Maine,  serving  until  1800,  when  he  was 
chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  Massachusetts  ;  and  he  held  the  latter 
office  until  January,  1824,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  died  on  the  6th  of  April 
following.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  Con 
stitution  of  Maine  in  1819.  He  was  a 
man  of  superior  abilities,  and  performed 
all  his  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction 
of  the  public.  He  was  famous  for  his 
wit,  and  when  a  bill  was  reported  in 
Congress  respecting  the  use  of  the  eagle 
on  American  coin,  he  playfully  recom 
mended  a  goose,  for  which  he  was  chal 
lenged  by  the  reporter  of  the  bill,  and 
the  challenge  he  ridiculed. 

Thacher,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  July  1, 
1776;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1793;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetis,  from  1802  to 
1805.  He  also  served  eleven  years  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  and  was 
Sheriff  of  Lincoln  County  from  1814  to 
1821. 

Ttmyer,   Eli. — Born  in   Mendon, 


Worcester  Count}7,  Massachusetts,  June 
11,  1819;  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1845 ;  was  a  teacher  in  the  Wor 
cester  Academy  for  three  years  ;  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation ;  served  as  Alder 
man  of  the  city  of  Worcester  in  1853  ; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  during  the  years 
1853  and  1854  ;  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Militia ;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  New 
England  Emigrant  Aid  Society ;  and 
has  been  identified  with  other  societies 
of  a  benevolent  character. 

Thayer,   M.   Russell. —  He    was 

born  in  Petersburg,  Virginia,  January 
27,  1819 ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1840 ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims.  He  re 
ceived  from  his  Alma  Mater  the  two 
degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Master  of  Arts. 

Theaker,  TJtomas  C. — Born  in 
York  County,  Pennsylvania,  February 
1,  1812 ;  received  a  good  English  edu 
cation  ;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1830  ;  has 
devoted  the  most  of  his  life  to  the  occu 
pation  of  a  millwright  and  machinist ; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  011  the  Committees  on  the 
Militia,  and  Enrolled  Bills. 

Thibodeaux.  B.  Cr. — Born  in  Lou 
isiana,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term  ending  in  1849. 

TJiomas,    Benjamin  F.  —  Was 

born  in  Boston,  February  12,  1813;  re 
moved  to  Worcester  in  1819  ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1830;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1833  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  in  1842  ;  was  appointed 
Judge  of  Probate  for  the  County  of 
Worcester  in  1844,  resigning  the  office 
in  1848  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  on 
the  Taylor  ticket  in  that  year ;  and  in 
1853  he  was  appointed  to  the  bench  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
holding  the  office  six  years,  when,  he 


364 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


resigned.  He  subsequently  returned 
to  Boston  to  practise  his  profession,  re 
siding  in  West  Roxbury,  and  in  1861  he 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Massachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  the 
Special  Committee  on  the  Bankrupt 
Law. 

Thomas,  I)avid. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1801  to  1808;  served  four 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  ; 
and  also  held  the  position  of  State  Trea- 


Thomas,  Francis. — He  was  born 
in  Frederick  County,  Maryland,  Feb 
ruary  3,  1799  ;  was  educated  at  St.  John's 
College,  in  that  State;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820 ;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  in 
1822,  1827,  and  1829;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1831  to  1841.  During  one  term, 
he  was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee,  and  a  report  made  by  him  led 
to  the  settlement  of  the  boundary  diffi 
culties  between  Ohio  and  Michigan. 
From  1841  to  1844  he  was  Governor  of 
Maryland ;  was  elected,  for  the  sixth 
time,  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Judiciary  Committee. 

Thomas,  Isaac. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Thomas,    James    Houston.  — 

Was  born  in  Iredell  County,  North 
Carolina,  September  22,  1808;  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Columbia 
College,  Tennessee,  in  1830 ;  studied 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  in 
1836  was  elected  Attorney-General  for 
the  State,  holding  the  office  six  years ; 
was  for  many  years  the  law  partner  of 
James  K.  Polk ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1847 
to  1851 ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856  ;  and  in  1859  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Tennessee,  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Thomas,  Jesse  Ji. — He  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Indiana,  from  1808  to  1809,  and  was 


then  appointed  United  States  Judge  of 
Illinois  Territory.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  first  Senators  in  Congress,  from 
Illinois,  having  held  the  position  from 
1818  to  1829,  serving  on  important  com 
mittees.  He  died  in  February,  1850. 

Thomas,  John  €. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1799  to  1801. 

TTiomas,  Philemon.  —  A  native 
of  North  Carolina,  where,  during  the 
Revolutionary  war,  he  was  engaged  in 
many  skirmishes  with  the  British.  He 
resided  some  years  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  he  afterwards  removed  to  Louisi 
ana,  and.  in  1810  and  1811,  headed  the 
insurrection  at  Baton  Rouge,  which 
threw  off  the  yoke  of  Spain  from  West 
Florida.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1831  to 
1835,  and  died  at  Baton  Rouge,  Louisi 
ana,  November  18,  1847,  aged  eighty- 
three  years. 

Thomas,  Philip  Francis. — He 

was  born  in  Talbot  County,  Maryland, 
September  12,  1810 ;  was  educated  at 
Dickinson  College;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831 ;  in  1836 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  ;  in  1838  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1841 ;  was,  subsequently,  Judge  of  the 
Land-office  Court  of  the  Eastern  Shore 
of  Maryland  ;  in  1843  and  1845  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  ;  and 
in  1847  was  elected  Governor  of  Mary 
land.  In  the  early  part  of  1860  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Commissioner  of  the  Patent  Office,  and 
on  the  resignation  of  Howell  Cobb  as 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  Decem 
ber,  I860,  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  in  Mr.  Buchanan's 
Cabinet. 

Thomas,   Richard. — He   was    a 

soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1795  to  1801.  Died  in 
Philadelphia  in  1832,  aged  eighty-seven 
years. 

Thomasson,  William  P.— Born 
in  Henry  County,  Kentucky  ;  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  at  an  early 
age ;  and  when  eighteen,  was  licensed 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


365 


to  practise  at  Corydon,  Indiana,  from 
which  place  he  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature.  He  removed  to  Louisville  about 
the  year  1841,  and  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1843  to  1847.  He  afterwards  went 
to  Chicago,  where  he  is  now  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Thompson,    Alexander.  —  He 

was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1824  to 
1826 ;  died  at  his  residence,  in  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pennsylvania,  August  2, 1848, 
aged  sixty-three  years. 

Thompson,  Benjamin.  —  Born 
in  Massachusetts  in  1798.  He  held 
many  responsible  offices  in  the  town  of 
Charlestown,  and  was  several  times  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature. 
He  was  twice  elected  to  Congress  as  a 
member  from  the  Fourth  District  of 
Massachusetts,  serving  from  1845  to 
1847  ;  and  again  from  March,  1851,  till 
his  death.  He  united  mental  cultiva 
tion  and  sound  judgment  with  great 
business  talent.  His  services  upon  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  during 
the  Mexican  war,  were  especially  valu 
able.  He  died  in  Charlestown,  Sep 
tember  24,  1852. 

Thompson,  George  W.— He  was 

born  in  Ohio,  and,  removing  to  Vir 
ginia,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1852. 

Thompson,  Hedge. — He   was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  during  the  years  1827  and  1828. 
Died  at  Salem,  July  20,  1828. 

Thompson,  Jacob. — He  was  born 
in  Caswell  County,  North  Carolina, 
May  15,  1810,  and  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  University  of  Chapel  Hill. 
He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1834,  and  during  the  follow 
ing  year  removed  to  the  State  of  Mis 
sissippi.  Locating  himself  in  what  was 
known  as  the  Chickasaw  Country,  he 
applied  himself  to  the  task  of  making 
the  wilderness  blossom  like  the  rose, 
and  through  his  influence  the  Indian 
lands  were  divided  into  counties,  and 
became  politically  identified  with  the 
State.  The  consequence  was  that  a 
grateful  constituency  called  upon  him 


to  represent  them  in  Congress,  and, 
having  been  elected  in  1839,  he  con 
tinued  to  serve  in  that  capacity,  with 
ability  and  fidelity,  until  1851.  On  first 
taking  his  seat  in  Congress  he  was  placed 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and 
was  for  some  years  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  devoted  defenders  of 
Mississippi  and  of  the  Democratic  party, 
at  the  time  when  the  cry  of  repudiation 
was  ringing  throughout  the  land  ;  and 
as  he  had,  in  1845,  declined  going  into 
the  United  States  Senate,  by  appoint 
ment  of  the  Governor  of  Mississippi,  so 
did  he,  in  1851,  decline  a  re-election  to 
the  House  of  Representatives,  prefer 
ring  to  lead  the  more  peaceful  life  of  a 
man  of  fortune,  in  the  midst  of  troops 
of  friends.  But  this  retirement  did  not 
happen  to  coincide  with  the  views  of 
President  Buchanan  when  he  came  into 
power,  and  as  he  was  familiar  with  Mr. 
Thompson's  career  in  Congress  and  the 
National  Nominating  Conventions,  the 
natural  result  was  his  appointment  as 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department. 
That  position  he  resigned  in  January, 
1861,  and  served  in  the  Rebellion  as 
aide-de-camp  to  General  Beaurcgard. 

Thompson,  J.  JS. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1851 ; 
and  in  1853  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  a  long  term.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims  and  of  that  on  Pensions. 

Thompson,  James.  —  Born  in 
Middlesex,  Butler  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  October  1,  1806.  He  received  a 
good  education,  and  commenced  life  as 
a  printer ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1828;  he  was  elected 
to  the  Assembly  of  his  native  State,  in 
1832,  1833,  and*  1834,  presiding  during 
the  last  session  as  Speaker ;  in  1836  he 
was  a  Presidential  Elector ;  he  was  Pre 
siding  Judge  of  the  District  Court  for 
six  years,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1845  to  1851.  Of  late  years 
he  has  been  chiefly  devoted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession,  and  in  1847  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Pennsylvania,  for  fifteen  years. 

Thompson,  Joel. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815,  having  pre- 


366 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


viously  served  one  year  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Albany,  and  two  years 
from  Chenango  County. 

Thompson,    John. —  He    was    a 

member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Albany,  in  1788  and  1789,  in  1827 
from  Delaware  County,  in  1802  and 
1841  from  Dutchess  County;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1799  to  1801,  and  again 
from  1807  to  1811. 

Thompson,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1777,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1825  to  1827, 
and  again  from  1829  to  1837.  He  died 
at  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  December  2, 1852. 

Thompson,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Bhineoeck,  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  July  4,  1809.  He  was  educated 
at  Yale  and  Union  Colleges  ;  lived  on  a 
farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  since 
which  time  he  has  devoted  himself  to 
the  law ;  and  against  his  own  wishes 
and  consent  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 

Thompson,  John  JR. — Born  in 
Philadelphia,  September  5,  1800;  en 
tered  Princeton  College,  but  left  in  the 
junior  year,  and  devoted  himself  to  mer 
cantile  pursuits,  making  a  voyage  to 
China  in  1817,  and  in  1820  established 
himself  as  a  merchant  in  Canton;  was 
appointed  Consul  of  the  United  States 
at  that  port  in  1823,  and  remained  there 
until  1825.  Since  the  year  1830  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  management  of  se 
veral  railways,  and  of  the  New  Jersey 
Canal.  In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  was  United  States  Senator  from 
1853  to  1857,  and  was  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1863.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs, 
and  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads.  He 
was  offered  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan,  which  he  declined. 
Died  at  Trenton,  September  13,  1862. 

Thompson,   Mark.  —  He  was   a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1795  to  1799. 

Thompson,  Philip.  —  He  was  a 

native  of  Kentucky,  and  a  Representa 


tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

Thompson,  Philip  R. — Born  in 

1766,  and  died  in  Kanawha  County,  Vir 
ginia,  July  22,  1837.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1801  to  1807". 

Thompson,  Richard  W. —  He 

was  born  in  Culpeper  County,  Virginia, 
June  9,  1809;  received  a  good  English 
and  classical  education ;  and  his  love  of 
adventure  led  him  into  the  wilds  of  Ken 
tucky  before  he  became  of  age.  In  1331 
he  settled  in  Louisville,  and  became  a 
clerk  in  an  extensive  mercantile  house; 
tiring  of  this,  he  removed  to  Lawrence 
County,  Indiana,  taught  school  for  a  few 
months,  but  again  turned  his  attention 
to  merchandizing,  selling  goods  and 
studying  law  at  the  same  time.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834,  and  was 
almost  immediately  elected  to  the  In 
diana  Legislature;  was  re-elected  in 
1835;  in  1836  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  served  two  years,  and  was  for  a 
time  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate, 
and  Acting  Lieutenant-Governor;  he 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840,  and 
voted  for  General  Harrison,  whose  elec 
tion  he  zealously  advocated  with  his  pen 
and  011  the  stump;  and  in  1841  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1843.  In  1844 
he  was  again  chosen  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  ;  was  again  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1847  to  1849, 
when  he  declined  a  re-election.  Since 
that  time  he  has  held  no  public  office, 
but  has  been  devoted  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Terre  Haute.  Presi 
dent  Taylor  offered  him  the  appointment 
of  Charge  d'Affaires  to  Austria,  and 
President  Fillmore,  the  office  of  Re 
corder  of  the  General  Land-Office,  both 
of  which  honors  he  declined. 

Thompson,  Robert  A. — He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849.  Now  Land  Commissioner 
in  California. 

Thompson,    Thomas   W.  —  H»> 

graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1786;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1805  to  1807; 
State  Treasurer  in  1809;  and  a  United 
States  Senator  from  1814  to  1817.  He 
was  a  neighbor  and  one  of  the  earliest 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


367 


friends  of  Daniel  Webster.  Died  at 
Concord,  in  October,  1820,  aged  fifty- 
five  years. 

Thompson,    Waddy. —  He    was 

born  at  Pickensville,  South  Carolina, 
September  8,  1798;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1814,  and  hav 
ing  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1819.  He  has  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  his  native  State;  was  at  one 
time  Solicitor  for  the  Western  Circuit  of 
South  Carolina ;  was  chosen  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  ;  attained  the  military  title 
of  Brigadier-General;  and  was  appoint 
ed,  in  1842,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico,  about  which  he  published  an 
interesting  work.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1841, 
serving,  in  1840,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Aifairs. 

Thompson,   Wiley.  —  He  was   a 

native  of  Amelia  County,  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1821  to  1833. 

Thompson,   William.  —  He  was 

born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  set 
tled  in  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1851. 

Thorington,   James.  —  He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  removing  to 
Iowa,  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Throop,  Enos  T.  —  He  was  born 
in  Johnstown,  Montgomery  County, 
New  York,  August  21,  1784;  while 
performing  the  duties  of  an  attorney's 
clerk,  he  acquired  a  classical  education; 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  Auburn ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  during  the 
years  1815  and  1816;  in  1823  was  elected 
Circuit  Judge ;  in  1829,  Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor  of  New  York ;  and  in  1831  was 
Governor  of  that  State.  In  1838  he 
was  appointed  Charge  d'Affaires  to  the 
two  Sicilies. 

Thruston,  Buckner. —  Born  in 
Virginia,  about  the  year  1763.  He  emi 
grated  in  early  life  to  Kentucky,  and 
being  possessed  of  superior  talents,  he 
was  soon  called  into  the  public  service. 
He  was  appointed  Federal  Judge  in  the 
Territory  of  Orleans,  in  1805,  and  was 
the  same  year  elected  a  member  of  the 


United  States  Senate,  from  Kentucky, 
for  six  years,  but  he  resigned  in  1809, 
on  being  appointed,  by  President  Madi 
son,  Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Washington,  August  30,  1845. 

Thurman,  Allen   G.  —  He  was 

born  in  Virginia,  and  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Thurman,  John  K. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  died  in 
New  York,  July  25,  1854. 

Thurston,  Benjamin   B.  —  He 

was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Rhode  Island, 
June  29,  1804 ;  he  received  a  common 
school  education ;  was  bred  a  merchant ; 
was  elected  fourteen  years  in  succession 
to  the  Assembly  of  his  native  State; 
and  in  1838  was  Lieutenant-Governor  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1847  to 
1849,  and  again  from  1851  to  1857.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  a  member  of 
the  Senate  of  Rhode  Island. 

Thurston,  John  B. — He  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1757;  studied  law,  and 
emigrated  to  Kentucky,  whence  he  was 
sent  to  the  United  States  Senate,  in 
(1805,  for  a  long  term.  He  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Kentucky,  in  which  position 
he  continued  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Washington,  August  30,  1845. 

Thnrston,  Samuel  JR. — He  was 

born  in  Maine ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1843,  and  was  a  Delegate  in 
Congress,  from  the  Territory  of  Oregon, 
from  1849  to  1851.  He  died  on  board 
the  steamer  California,  on  her  passage 
from  Panama  to  San  Francisco,  April 
9,  1851. 

Tibbatts,  John  W. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Tibbetts,  George. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1803  to  1805,  and  a  member 
of  the  State  Assembly,  from  Rensse- 


368 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


laer  County,  in  1802  and  1820,  and  of 
the  State  Senate,  from  1815  to  1818. 

Tichenor,  Isaac. — He  was  born  in 
1754;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1775;  and  died  at  Bennington,  Ver 
mont,  in  December,  1838.  He  was  an 
officer  of  the  Revolution ;  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Vermont ;  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  State  Legislature ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  during  the 
sessions  of  1796  and  1797,  when  he  re 
signed  ;  Governor  of  Vermont  from 
1797  to  1808 ;  and  again  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  1815  to  1821. 

Tiffin,  Edward. — He  was  born  in 
1765  ;  was  Governor  of  Ohio,  from  1803 
to  1807;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1807  to  1809.  He 
died  9th  July,  1829. 

Tilden,  Daniel  It. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and,  having  settled  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

Tillinghast,  Joseph  L.— Born  in 

Taunton,  Massachusetts,  in  1791,  and 
removed  to  Rhode  Island  in  his  boy 
hood.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1819,  and  in  1833  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that 
institution.  He  studied  law,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  its  practice  in  Provi 
dence,  with  marked  success,  for  thirty 
years ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  . 
Congress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1837 
to  1843.  He  was  also  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  elected  Speaker  on  several  occa 
sions  ;  and  to  him  was  awarded  the  au 
thorship  of  the  free  schools  and  im 
proved  judiciary  systems  of  his  native 
State.  Died  December  30,  1844,  at  Pro 
vidence,  Rhode  Island. 

TllUnghast,  Thomas. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1797  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1803. 

Tipton,  John. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1831 
to  1839 ;  and  died  at  Logansport,  of 
apoplexy,  in  1839. 

Titus,  Obadiah.—llc  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1837  to  1839. 


y  John.  —  He  was  born  in 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1821  to  1824.  Died 
March  28,  1830. 

Todd,  John  B.  S. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and,  having  settled  in 
Dakota,  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress.  During  the 
first  session  of  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress  he  contested  the  seat,  as  Delegate, 
which  had  been  assigned  to  William 
Jayne,  and  was  admitted  as  the  duly 
elected  Delegate  from  Dakota. 

Todd,  Lemuel. — Born  in  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  July  29,  1817;  educated 
at  Dickinson  College  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and 
practised  in  his  native  town.  In  1854 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Toland,  George  IF. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1843. 

Tomlinson,    Gideon.  —  He    was 

born  at  Stratford,  Connecticut,  Decem 
ber  31, 1780,  and  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1802.  He  studied  law,  and  prac 
tised  the  profession  in  Fairfield.  He 
was  then  called  to  public  life,  and  in 
1818  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  in  which  office  he  was  con 
tinued  till  1827.  In  that  year  he  was 
chosen  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  re 
mained  in  that  station  until  March, 
1831,  when,  on  being  appointed  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  he  resigned  his 
office  as  Governor.  After  six  years'  ser 
vice  he  returned  to  private  life.  Died 
October  8,  1854,  at  Fairfield,  Connec 
ticut. 

Tomlinson,  Thomas  A. — He  was 

born  in  New  York  ;  served  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Essex  County,  in  1835 
and  1836,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Tompkins,  Caleb. — He  was  born 

in  Westchester  County,  New  York,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly,  from  that  county,  from  1804  to 
1806  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1817 
to  1821. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


369 


Tompkins,    Christopher.  —  He 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1831  to  1835,  and  died 
at  Glasgow,  Kentucky,  in  1845. 

Tompkins,  Cydnor  JB. — Born  in 
Belmont  County,  Ohio,  November  8, 
1810,  and  was  educated  at  the  Ohio 
University,  at  Athens  ;  was  bred  a  far 
mer,  and  afterwards  studied  law,  having 
practised  for  twenty-two  years;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio, 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mi 
litia.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs. 

TotnpkinSf  Daniel  D. — He  was 

born  in  Westchester  County,  New  York, 
June  21, 1774.  His  father  was  a  farmer, 
and  he  was  his  seventh  son.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Columbia  College  in  1795,  then 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1797. 
In  1821  he  was  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  the  State,  and 
also  served  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1805  to  1807,  but  resigned  to 
accept  an  appointment  as  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State.  In  1807  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  the  State,  and  held  that  office  ten 
years.  His  aid  in  support  of  the  Na 
tional  Government,  during  the  war  of 
1812,  gave  him  prominence  as  a  states 
man.  He  prorogued  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1812  for  the  space  of  ten  months, 
to  prevent  the  establishment  of  the  Bank 
of  America  in  the  city  of  New  York  ; 
his  opposition  postponed,  but  did  not 
defeat  the  measure,  and  a  charter  was 
granted  in  1813.  In  1817  he  resigned 
the  office  of  Governor,  and  was  elected 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
and  served  two  terms ;  by  virtue  of 
which  office  he  was  also  President  of  the 
Senate.  He  died  in  New  York,  June 
11,  1825. 

Totnpkins,  Patrick  W. — He  was 

born  in  Kentucky,  and  settling  in  Mis 
sissippi,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Tootnbs9  Robert. — He  was  born  in 
Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  July  2,  1810. 
The  first  three  years  of  his  collegiate 
life  were  spent  at  the  University  of 


Georgia,  but  he  left  it  during  the  senior 
year,  and  went  to  Schenectady,  New 
York,  and  graduated  at  Union  College. 
He  read  law  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  under  Judge  Lomas  ;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  of  Georgia  in  1829,  and 
practised  regularly  until  his  election 
to  Congress  in  1845.  His  first  public 
service  was  as  Captain  of  volunteers  in 
the  Creek  war,  in  1836,  under  General 
Winfield  Scott,  In  1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  from  his  native 
county,  where,  he  now  resides,  and  with 
the  exception  of  1841,  continued  a  mem 
ber  of  the  lower  branch,  until  his  elec 
tion  to  the  Federal  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  where  he  served  during  the 
Twenty-ninth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty-first, 
and  Thirty-second  Congresses.  He  en 
tered  the  Senate  during  the  Thirty-third 
Congress  for  six  years,  and  was  re-elected 
for  a  second  term,  ending  March  4, 1865. 
In  the  House  and  also  in  the  Senate 
he  always  served  on  important  com 
mittees.  He  resigned  in  1861,  and  be 
came  Secretary  of  State  in  the  Rebel 
government,  and  was  also  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  Great  Rebellion. 

Toucey,  Tsaac. — He  was  born  in 
Connecticut  in  1798.  He  received  a 
common  school  education  ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  and  early  in  life  was 
State's  Attorney  for  his  native  county. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1835  to  1839 ;  in  1846  was  elected 
Governor  of  Connecticut ;  in  1848  went 
into  President  Polk's  cabinet  as  Attor 
ney-General  ;  in  1850  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  of  Connecticut ;  he  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1852  to 
1857  ;  and  in  March  of  the  latter  year 
went  into  President  Buchanan's  cabinet 
&s  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Totvnsf  George  W.  -B. — Born  in 
Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  May  4,  1802. 
He  was  prevented  by  ill  health  from  re 
ceiving  a  collegiate  education,  and  com 
menced  life  as  a  merchant;  afterwards 
studied  law  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Alabama  in  1824,  and  for  a  time  per 
formed  the  duties  of  editor  of  a  political 
paper.  In  1826  he  returned  to  Georgia, 
and  settled  in  Talbot  County.  He  served 
for  several  years  in  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1839,  and  was  re-elected  in  1846  ;  his 
last  public  position  was  that  of  Governor 
of  Georgia,  to  which  office  he  was  elected 


370 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  1847,  and  was  re-elected  in  1849.    He 
died  at  Macon,  July  15,  1854. 

Toivnsend,  George.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Toivnsend,  N.  S. — He  was  born  in 
England,  and  having  settled  in  Ohio, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Tracy,  Albert  H. — He  was  born 
in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  June  17, 1793 ; 
received  a  good  classical  education  ; 
studied  medicine  with  his  father,  but 
when  eighteen  years  of  age  he  removed 
to  New  York  State,  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815;  and 
he  served  three  terms  in  Congress  as  a 
Representative  from  a  district  compre 
hending  almost  the  whole  of  that  part 
of  New  York  west  of  Seneca  Lake, 
from  1819  to  1825;  and  in  1829  he  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York  for 
four  years,  and  was  re-elected  for  a  se 
cond  term  of  four  years.  He  was  a  sup 
porter  of  Mr.  Adams  for  President,  and 
declined  a  seat  in  his  cabinet ;  he  also 
declined  a  Judgeship  tendered  by  Go 
vernor  Clinton.  Died  at  Buffalo,  Sep 
tember  19,  1859. 

Tracy.  Andrew. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont ;  educated  a  lawyer ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1855.  He  also  served 
ten  years  in  both  branches  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  from  1842 
to  1845. 

Tracy,  H.  W. — He  was  born  in 
Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  Sep 
tember  24,  1807  ;"  was  bred  a  farmer,  and 
devoted  some  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits  ;  in  1861  and  1862  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Chicago  Convention  which  nomi 
nated  Mr.  Lincoln  for  President ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Navy  Department. 

Tracy,  Phineas  L. — He  was  born 
in  Norwich,  Connecticut ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1806  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Genesee 
County,  New  York,  from  1827  to  1833, 


and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings. 

^  Tracy,  Uri. — He  was  born  in  Frank 
lin,  Connecticut,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1789 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807,  and  again  from  1809  to  1813, 
and  died  in  18is. 

Tracy,  Uriah. — Born  in  Franklin, 
Connecticut,  February  2,  1755;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1778;  read  law 
in  Litchfield,  and  settled  in  that  town. 
He  was  often  chosen  a  State  Represen 
tative,  and  in  1793  was  Speaker  of  the 
House.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1793  to  1796,  and  from 
1796  to  1807  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  officiating  for  a  short  time  as  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  He  was 
also  a  Major-General  of  militia;  com 
manded  the  respect  and  enjoyed  the 
friendship  of  the  leading  men  of  his 
time;  and  died  at  Washington  City, 
July  19,  1807,  and  was  the  first  person 
buried  in  the  Congressional  burying- 
ground. 

Trafton,  JllarJc. — He  was  born  in 
Maine,  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Massachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Train,  Charles  K. — Born  in  Fra- 
mingham,  Massachusetts,  in  1817 ;  work 
ed  on  a  farm  until  fifteen  ;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1837  ;  studied  law, 
and  finished  his  legal  education  at  Cam 
bridge,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1841  ;  he 
was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature  in  1847  ;  from  1848  to  1851  was 
District  Attorney  for  Northern  Massa 
chusetts  ;  in  1852  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Fillmore  an  Associate  Judge 
of  the  United  States  Court  in  Oregon, 
but  declined  the  office ;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1853 ;  was  a  second  time  appointed 
District  Attorney;  in  1857  and  1858  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  State  Council ; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Massachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings. 
During  the  autumn  of  1862  he  served  in 
the  army  as  a  volunteer  aid  on  the  staff 
of  his  friend,  General  Gordon,  and  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


371 


present  at  the  battle  of  Antietam.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1864. 

Treadway,    William  M.  —  He 

was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Tredwell,  Thomas. — He  was  for 

seven  years  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  1776  to  1783,  from  Suf 
folk  County,  and  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress",  from  New  York,  from  1791 
to  1795. 

Trczvattt,  flames. — He  was  born 
in  Sussex  County,  Virginia;  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession ;  was  Attorney  for  the 
State  ;  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1830;  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1825  to  1831,  serving  dur 
ing  his  last  term  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Pensions.  He 
died  in  1838. 

Trif/g,  Abram. — He  was  a  Kepre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1797  to  1809. 


Trigg,  John. — He  was  a  Kepres 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  fi 
1797  to  1804. 


resen- 
from 


Trimble,  Cary  A. — Born  in  Hills- 
borough,  Ohio,  September  13, 1813;  gra 
duated  at  the  Ohio  University  in  1833; 
studied  medicine,  and  received  a  medical 
diploma  from  the  Cincinnati  Medical 
College  in  1836;  in  1837  was  appointed 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  his  Alma 
Mater,  which  position  he  held  until  1841, 
when  he  settled  in  Chillicothe  ;  in  1839, 
on  account  of  his  health,  he  retired  from 
his  profession,  and  devoted  himself  to 
farming ;  and  was  elected  a  Kepresenta 
tive,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands,  lie-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Trimble,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  Virginia,  about  the 
year  1782;  educated  at  William  and 
Mary  College ;  studied  law,  and  when 
he  came  of  age  removed  to  Kentucky. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812, 
serving  two  campaigns  under  General 
Harrison.  In  1817  he  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  and 


served  without  interruption  till  1827, 
being  highly  esteemed  for  the  integrity 
of  his  principles  and  his  devotion  to  his 
public  duties.  After  his  retirement  from 
Congress,  he  became  engaged  in  agri 
culture  and  the  iron  manufacture,  and 
in  the  latter  interest  he  did  much  to  de 
velop  the  resources  of  the  State.  He 
died  at  Trimble's  Furnace,  Kentucky, 
October  26,  1842. 

Trimble,  William  A..  —  He  was 

born  in  1786;  he  served  with  credit  in 
the  army  of  the  United  States  during  the 
war  of  1812;  occupied,  as  commander, 
several  frontier  posts;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1819  to  1821, 
having  died  December  13  of  the  latter 
year. 

Triplett,  Pit  Hip. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1839  to 
1843. 

Trippe,  Robert  P. — He  was  born 
in  Georgia,  and  was  elected  a  Kepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses. 

Trotter,  F.  James. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
during  the  year  1838. 

Troup,  George  M. — Born  on  the 

Tombigbee  Kiver,  September  8,  1780; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College ;  studied 
law ;  and  in  1800  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  of  Georgia,  and  re-elected  for 
four  terms ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1807  to  1815; 
and  a  Senator  from  1816  to  1818,  and 
from  1829  to  1834.  From  1823  to  1827 
he  was  Governor  of  that  State.  He 
died  in  Laurens  County,  Georgia,  May 
3,  1856.  He  was  an  advocate  of  State 
rights,  and  the  champion  of  State  sove 
reignty. 

Trout,  Michael  C. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Troivbridge,  R.  E. — Was  born  in 
Elmira,  New  York,  June  18,  1821 ;  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Michigan 
when  a  mere  child ;  graduated  at  Ken- 
yon  College,  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  has  been 
devoted  all  his  life  to  the  business  of 


372 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


farming ;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of 
Michigan  in  1856  and  1858  ;  and  in  1860 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Mich 
igan,  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post- 
office  and  Post-roads. 

Trumbo,  Andreiv. — A  native  of 
Kentucky  ,•  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  now  Bath,  September  13,  1799; 
he  had  a  limited  English  education, 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  went  into  the 
County  Clerk's  office,  and  afterwards 
became  clerk ;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  1824.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress,  and  one  of  the  Presidential 
Electors  of  Kentucky,  in  1848. 

Triunbull,  Jonathan. — Born  in 

Lebanon,  Connecticut,  March  26,  1740, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1759.  In  1775  he  was  appointed,  by 
Congress,  Paymaster  in  the  Northern 
department  of  the  army,  and  not  long 
after  was  attached  to  the  family  of 
Washington  as  secretary  and  first  aid, 
with  whom  he  continued  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  for  several  years  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
of  Connecticut,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1789  to 
1795;  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  1791,  and  continued 
in  that  station  till  he  was  transferred  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  in  1795,  where 
he  served  only  one  year,  having  been 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Connec 
ticut,  and  in  1798  Governor,  in  which 
position  he  remained  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  August  7,  1809. 

Triunbull,  Joseph. — Born  in  Le 
banon,  Connecticut,  December  7,  1783; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1801 ;  stu 
died  law,  and  practised  with  success, 
in  Ohio  ;  was  President  of  the  Hartford 
Bank  for  eleven  years ;  served  in  the 
General  Assembly  in  1832,  1848,  and 
1851 ;  in  1849  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Connecticut ;  was  President  of  a  rail 
road  company  ;  received  from  Yale  Col 
lege  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  in  1834,  for  an  unexpired  term, 
and  from  1839  to  1843. 

Trumbull,  Lyman. — Born  in  Col 
chester,  Connecticut,  in  1813  ;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  was  a  member  of  the 


Illinois  Legislature  in  1840;  Secretary 
of  State  in  1841-42  ;  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Illinois,  from  1848  to 
1853  ;  elected  to  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  the  United  States,  in  1854 ; 
and  chosen  United  States  Senator,  by 
the  Illinois  Legislature,  in  1855,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary.  He  was  also  re-elected  for 
the  term  ending  in  1867. 

Tuck,  Amos.  —  He  was  born  in 
Maine ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1835 ;  was  for  some  time  a  tutor 
in  that  institution ;  and  removing  to 
New  Hampshire,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1847  to  1853.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Tucker,  Ebenezer. — He  was  born 
in  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  in  1758  ;  he 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  served  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island  ; 
he  filled  many  offices  of  distinction  and 
trust,  among  them  those  of  Collector 
and  Postmaster  of  New  Jersey  ;  and  he 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1825  to  1829.  He  also  held 
the  offices  of  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions,  and  Judge  of  the  Orphans' 
Court.  He  died  at  Tuckerton,  New 
Jersey,  September  5,  1845. 

Tucker,  George. — He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1819  to 
1825. 

Tucker ?  Henry  St.    George. — 

Born  in  Virginia  in  1779;  received  a 
liberal  education,  and  became  a  promi 
nent  lawyer.  He  was  at  one  time  Pre 
sident  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  ;  also 
Professor  of  Law  in  the  University  of 
Virginia ;  the  author  of  several  valuable 
works  on  law ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1815  to 
1819.  He  died  at  Winchester,  Virginia, 
August  28,  1848. 

Tucker,  Starling.— He  was  born 
in  Halifax  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
the  Laurens  District  of  South  Carolina, 
from  1817  to  1831.  He  died  February 
4,  1834. 

Tucker,   Thomas  T.— He  was  a 

Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


373 


from  1787  to  1788;  and  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1789  to  1793.  Died  May  2,  1828. 

Tucker,  Tilyhman  W. — He  was 

born  in  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Missis 
sippi,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Turner^  Charles. — Graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1752,  studied  for 
the  ministry,  and  settled  in  Duxbury, 
Massachusetts  ;  was  elected  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
serving  from  1809  to  1813,  and  died  in 
1816,  aged  about  sixty-six  years. 

Turner9  Daniel. — Born  in  War 
ren  County,  North  Carolina,  September 
26,  1796.  He  commenced  his  education 
at  Warrenton  Academy  ;  completed  it 
at  West  Point ;  in  1814  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  of  artillery,  as  such,  served 
at  Brooklyn  Heights,  and  at  Plattsburg, 
and  resigned  in  1815  ;  after  leaving  the 
army,  he  spent  two  years  at  William 
and  "Mary  College;  from  1819  to  1823 
he  served"  in  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina ;  and  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1827  to  1829.  He  subse 
quently  had  charge  of  the  Warrenton 
Female  Seminary. 

Turnery  James.  —  Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  the  year  1766.  His  education 
was  such  as  could  be  afforded  by  the 
common  schools  of  the  country ;  he 
served  in  the  Kevolution  as  a  private 
soldier  ;  entered  public  life  in  1800,  as 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  ;  in  1802  was  elected  Governor 
of  the  State ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1805  to  1816.  He  died  at 
Bloomsbury,  January  15,  1824,  much 
respected  for  his  talents  and  personal 
worth. 

Turnery  James. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837. 

Turnery  Thomas  J.  —  Born  in 
Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  April  5,  1815, 
where  he  resided  until  ten  years  of  age, 
receiving  all  his  school  education  within 
that  time.  In  1825  he  removed  with 
his  father's  family  to  Butler  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  on  a 
farm  until  fourteen  years  old,  when  the 
destitute  circumstances  of  his  father 


compelled  him  to  make  unusual  exer 
tions  to  assist  in  the  support  of  the 
family,  which  he  did  by  working  as  a 
laborer  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal,  and 
contributed  his  earnings  to  his  father 
until  the  age  of  eighteen.  Leaving  his 
father  comfortable,  he  went  to  the  "  far 
West,"  and  spent  three  years  in  St. 
Paul's  County,  Indiana,  and  finally  set 
tled  in  Freeport,  Stevenson  County, 
Illinois.  He  was  made  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  which  office  he  held  for  several 
years  ;  in  1838  he  studied  law  as  a  pro 
fession,  and  obtained  a  lucrative  prac 
tice.  In  1842  he  was  elected  Probate 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  in  1844  was 
appointed  Postmaster.  In  1845  he  was 
chosen  State's  Attorney  for  the  Sixth 
Judicial  District,  and  in  1846  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirtieth 
Congress.  In  1854  he  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  house  of  the  Legislature, 
and  chosen  Speaker.  Since  that  time 
he  has  devoted  himself  to  the  practice 
of  law. 

Turneyy  HopJtins  L. — Born  in 
Smith  County,  Tennessee,  October  3, 
1797.  He  was  in  his  boyhood  bound  to 
a  tailor,  and  served  at  that  business 
several  years  ;  in  1818  he  entered  upon 
the  campaign  against  the  Seminole  In 
dians  ;  he  did  not  learn  to  write  until 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  yet  soon 
after  studied  law,  and  was  very  success 
ful  at  the  bar  ;  he  served  about  ten  years 
in  the  Legislature,  from  1828  to  1838, 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1837  to 
1843,  and  in  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  from  1845  to  1851.  He  died  in 
Winchester,  Tennessee,  August  1, 1857, 
leaving  behind  him  a  high  reputation 
for  his  abilities  and  virtues. 

Turpiey  D. — Was  born  in  Hamil 
ton  County,  Ohio,  July  8,  1829 ;  gra 
duated  at  Kenyon  College  in  1848  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
at  Logansport,  Indiana,  in  1849 ;  was 
appointed,  by  Governor  Wright,  whom 
he  succeeded  in  the  Senate,  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1854, 
and  was  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  in 
1856,  both  of  which  offices  he  resigned  ; 
in  1852,  and  also  1858,  he  was*  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Indiana  ;  and 
in  1863  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  D. 
Bright,  and  immediately  succeeding  J. 


374 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


A.  Wright,  who  served  by  appointment 
of  the  Governor. 

Turrell,  Joel. — He  was  born  in 
Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1837,  having  been  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly,  from  Oswego  County, 
in  1831. 

TuthiU,  Selah.  — -  Born  in  New 
York,  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Seventeenth 
Congress,  but  died  in  December,  1821. 

Tweed,  William  M.— Born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  April  3,  1823  ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education ;  is 
by  occupation  a  chair  manufacturer ; 
was  an  Alderman  in  New  York  City  in 
1852;  a  member  of  the  Thirty-third 
Congress  ;  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education  in  1857  ;  and  a  Supervisor 
of  New  York  County  in  1858. 

Tweedy,  Samuel. — He  was  born 
in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Tyler,  Asher. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

Tyler,  John. — Born  in  Charles 
City  County,  Virginia,  in  1790.  He 
commenced  his  political  life  at  an  early 
age,  having  been  elected  to  the  Virginia 
Legislature  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  and  five  years  later  to  Congress. 
In  1826  he  was  elevated  to  the  station 
of  Governor  of  his  native  State.  He 
discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  but 
one  year  and  a  half,  when,  in  1847,  the 
Legislature  selected  him  to  fill  a  va 
cancy  in  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  where  he  officiated  as  President 
pro  tern,  of  that  body.  He  served  in 
this  capacity  until  a  difference  of  opi 
nion  having  arisen  between  General 
Jackson  and  himself,  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  1836,  and  went  into  voluntary 
retirement.  Mr.  Tyler  did  not  again 
make  his  appearance  in  public  life  until 
1840,  when  he  was  selected  by  the  Whig 
party  as  their  candidate  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent.  He  was  elected  to  that  office  by 
a  large  majority,  and  entered  upon  the 
discharge  of  his  duties  in  March,  1841, 
when  the  death  of  the  President,  Gene 


ral  Harrison,  shortly  after,  raised  him 
to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the  Republic. 
His  term  of  office  expired  in  1845,  after 
which  he  lived  in  retirement  in  Vir 
ginia  until  1861.  He  was  elected  in 
that  year  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Con 
gress  held  in  Washington,  and  officiated 
as  its  President ;  and  on  his  return  to 
Virginia,  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  Convention  of  1861,  and  the 
Rebel  Congress,  and  died  in  Richmond, 
January  17,  1862. 

Tyson,  Jacob. — He  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Senate,  from  Rich 
mond  County,  in  1828,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Tyson,  Job  ~R. — He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1804,  and  died  near  Philadelphia,  in  1858. 
He  was  educated  a  lawyer,  frequently 
served  in  the  City  Councils  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Twenty- 
fourth  Congress.  He  commanded  un 
common  influence  in  Congress,  and  was 
a  man  of  refined  tastes  in  literature 
and  the  fine  arts.  He  also  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
through  his  exertions  the  archives  of 
that  State  were  first  published. 

TTdree,  Daniel. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1813  to  1815,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
from  1823  to  1825.  Died  July  22, 1828. 

Underhill,  Walter. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive,  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1851. 

Underwood,  John  W.  //.—Born 

in  Elbert  County,  Georgia,  November 
20,  1816;  received  a  good  English  and 
classical  education  ;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834  ;  in  1843 
was  elected  Solicitor-General  for  the 
Western  Circuit,  resigning  in  1847 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1850;  declined  two 
Judicial  appointments  tendered  to  him 
by  Presidents  Pierce  and  Buchanan  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legisla 
ture  in  1857,  and  chosen  Speaker ;  and 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penses  in  the  Navy  Department.  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


375 


signed  in  February,  1861,  on  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  Rebellion,  and  returned 
to  Georgia. 

Underwood,  Joseph  JR. — Born 
in  Goochland  County,  Virginia,  Octo 
ber  24,  1791.  He  was  adopted  by  his 
maternal  uncle  in  1803,  who  resided  in 
Barren  County,  Kentucky.  He  re 
ceived  his  education  at  various  schools 
in  that  State,  and  ended  his  scholastic 
course  at  the  University  of  Lexington, 
in  1811  ;  and  then  read  law  with  Robert 
Wickliffe.  In  1813  he  entered  the  ser 
vice  of  the  United  States,  as  Lieutenant 
of  a  volunteer  companv,  and  was  badly 
wounded  and  taken  by  the  enemy  at 
Dudley's  defeat,  commanding  his  com 
pany  after  the  Captain  was  mortally 
wounded.  He  was  released  from  cap 
tivity,  and  landed  from  the  prison-ships 
on  Lake  Erie,  near  Cleveland,  where 
he  was  lodged  in  a  hospitable  cabin  until 
sufficiently  recovered  to  return  home. 
In  the  fall  of  1813  he  located  at  Glas 
gow,  Kentucky,  and  practised  law  for 
ten  years,  during  which  time  he  was 
Trustee  of  the  town,  and  County  At 
torney  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  from  1816  to  1819.  In  1823 
he  removed,  with  his  family,  to  Bowling 
Green,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly  in  1825  and  1826. 
From  1828  to  1835  he  was  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals,  and  resigned  on  being 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  in 
which  position  he  served  for  ten  ses 
sions.  In  1846  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Kentucky,  and  was 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  for  six  years,  and  at  the  expira 
tion  of  the  term  returned  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  In  1824  and  in  1844  he  was 
a  Presidential  Elector.  He  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1864. 

Underwood,  Warner  L. — Born 

in  Goochland  County,  Virginia,  August 
7,  1808;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Virginia,  where  he  received  the  first 
honors  in  the  studies  of  law,  mathe 
matics,  and  the  modern  languages,  in 
1830.  He  removed  to  Bowlfng  Green 
County,  Kentucky,  at  the  age  of  seven 
teen  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession,  with  an 
extensive  practice.  In  1833  he  visited 
Texas,  and  spent  most  of  the  time,  until 
1840,  in  that  Republic.  He  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lamar,  Attorney- 


General  for  the  Eastern  District  of  that 
Republic,  but  held  the  office  only  a 
short  time,  and  also  declined  the  offer 
of  a  place  in  General  Houston's  cabinet, 
being  unwilling  to  relinquish  his  citi 
zenship  of  the  United  States.  In  1848 
he  was  a  Representative  in  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature,  and  in  1849  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate  ;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  En 
graving. 

Upham,  Charles  W. — Born  in 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  May  4,  1802. 
He  commenced  life  by  becoming  a  mer 
chant's  clerk ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1821 ;  in  1824  he  was  settled 
over  the  First  Church  in  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  in  1844  he  relinquished 
the  ministry  on  account  of  loss  of  voice. 
He  has  also,  at  different  times,  edited 
the  Christian  Review  (Unitarian) ;  was 
Mayor  of  Salem  in  1852 ;  in  1840,  1849 
and  1850  was  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
in  1851, 1857,  and  1858,  President  of  the 
Senate;  and  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  serving  upon 
the  Committee  on  Post-roads  and  the 
Post-office,  and  was  Chairman  of  a  Spe 
cial  Committee  on  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution.  As  an  author  he  has  been  in 
dustrious,  and  among  his  publications 
are  the  following  :  "  Letters  on  the  Lo 
gos,"  "Lectures  on  Witchcraft,"  "Life 
of  Sir  Henry  Vane,"  and  "Life  of 
John  C.  Fremont." 

Upham,  George  B. — He  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1789 ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Legislature,  having  been  Speaker 
in  1809  and  1815;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1801  to  1803.  He  died  February 
10,  1848,  at  Claremont,  New  Hamp 
shire,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

Upham,  Jabez. — He  was  born  in 

Massachusetts  ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1785;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1807  to  1810.  He  died  in  1811. 

Upham,  Nathaniel.  —  Born  in 
Deerfield,  Rockinghain  County,  New 
Hampshire,  June  9,  1774.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  schools  of  his  native  town, 
and  at  Phillips 's  Exeter  Academy.  At 
an  early  age  he  engaged  in  mercantile 


376 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  New  Hampshire,  and  of  the 
Governor's  Council,  from  1811  to  1812  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1823.  Died  in 
1829. 

Uphatn,  William. — He  was  born 
at  Leicester,  Massachusetts,  in  1792  ;  in 
1802  removed  with  his  father  to  Ver 
mont;  spent  some  time  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Vermont ;  and  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  Assembly  in  1827,  1828,  and 
1830 ;  and  was  State's  Attorney,  for 
"Washington  County,  in  1829.  He  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Washington  City,  January  14,  1853. 

Upson,  Charles. — Born  in  South- 
ington,  Hartford  County,  Connecticut, 
March  19,  1821 ;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education  ;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1845 ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1847 ;  in  1849  and  1850  was  County 
Clerk  for  St.  Joseph  County;  in  1853 
and  1854  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the  same  ;  in  1855  and  1866  held  the 
office  of  State  Senator  ;  in  1861  and  1862 
he  was  Attorney-General  for  Michigan, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  of  Elections, 
and  Unfinished  Business. 

Vail,  George. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  for  the  terms  be 
tween  1853  and  1857. 

Vail,  Henri/. — He  was  born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839.  Died  June  25,  1853. 

ValJc,  William  jr.— He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and,  on  removing  to 
New  York,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855  to 
1857. 

Vallandiffham,  Clement  L. — He 

came  of  a  Huguenot  family,  and  was 
born  in  New  Lisbon,  Columbia  County, 
Ohio,  in  1822.  He  received  a  good  edu 
cation  ;  spent  one  year  in  Jefl'erson  Col 
lege,  in  Ohio  ;  spent  two  years  as  prin 
cipal  of  an  academy  at  Snow  Hill,  Mary 
land  ;  returned  to  Ohio  in  1840 ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 


1842;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1845  and  1846;  was  editor  of  the 
Dayton  Enquirer  from  1847  to  1849;  for 
some  years  subsequent  to  that  date  he 
devoted  himself  wholly  to  his  profession 
and  politics  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Na 
tional  Democratic  Convention  held  at 
Cincinnati  in  1856;  ran  for  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  against  L.  C.  Campbell, 
whose  seat  he  successfully  contested ; 
and  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth 
Congress.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  during  the  Thirty-sixth, 
he  was  placed  on  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-se 
venth  Congress.  In  1863  he  was  arrested 
by  military  authority  for  expressing  his 
opinions  against  the  war,  was  banished 
to  the  Southern  States,  and  by  way  of 
Bermuda  went  to  Canada.  During  his 
exile  he  was  nominated  for  Governor  of 
Ohio  and  defeated.  He  subsequently 
returned  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chi 
cago  Convention  of  1864. 

Van  Allen,  James  I. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1807  to  1809,  having  been 
a  member  of  the  State  Assembly,  in 
1804,  from  Columbia  County. 

Van  Allen,  John  E. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1793  to  1799,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1800 
and  1801,  from  Rensselaer  County. 

Van  Buren,  John. — He  was  one 

of  the  ablest  lawyers  of  the  Ulster  Coun 
ty  bar,  in  New  York,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He 
died  at  Kingston,  January  16,  1855. 

Van  Bur  en  f  Martin. — Was  born 
at  Kinderhook,  New  York,  December 
5, 1782.  His  father's  circumstances  were 
humble,  and  the  son  was  only  able  to 
obtain  an  ordinary  education  at  the 
common  school  and  academy  of  his  na 
tive  village.  In  1796  he  left  the  acade 
my,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law. 
In  1800  he  represented  the  Republicans 
of  his  native  town  in  the  Congressional 
Convention  for  that  District.  A  part  of 
the  years  1802  and  1803  he  spent  in  New 
York,  still  engaged  in  the  study  of  his 
profession,  and  in  November  of  the  latter 
year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
still  continued  to  take  an  active  part  in 
politics.  The  first  official  distinction 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


377 


which  he  received  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Governor  Tompkins,  who  ap 
pointed  him  Surrogate  of  Columbia 
County,  in  1808.  He  took  his  next  step 
in  public  life  in  1812.  In  the  spring  of 
that  year  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Se 
nate.  He  continued  a  member  of  that 
body  until  1820,  having  been,  during 
that  period,  a  supporter  of  the  war  and 
the  canal  proj  ect.  A  portion  of  this  time 
he  also  held  the  office  of  Attorney-Ge 
neral.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  in  1821,  and  in  February  of  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  and  re-elected  in  1827, 
serving  until  1829.  The  following  year 
the  Gubernatorial  chair  of  the  State  of 
New  York  became  vacant,  by  the  death 
of  Governor  Clinton,  and  Mr.  Van  Bu- 
ren  was  selected  as  the  candidate  for 
that  office,  by  the  Democratic  party  of 
the  State.  He  was  elected,  but  his'  ca 
reer  as  Governor  was  brief.  Scarcely 
was  his  administration  commenced, 
when  President  Jackson  offered  him  the 
appointment  of  Secretary  of  State,  and 
Mr.  Van  Buren  at  once  accepted  it. 
The  President  appointed  him  Ambas 
sador  to  England,  but  the  Senate  re 
fused  to  confirm  the  nomination.  He 
received  a  large  majority  of  the  electoral 
votes  for  Vice-President  in  1832,  which 
office  he  continued  to  fill  during  Presi 
dent  Jackson's  term.  In  1836  he  was 
nominated  for  the  office  of  President, 
and  elected.  The  principal  measure  of 
his  administration  was  the  establish 
ment  of  the  Independent  Treasury.  In 
1840  he  was  again  nominated  for  the 
same  office,  but  defeated  by  the  Whig 
candidate,  General  Harrison.  After  the 
close  of  his  Presidential  term,  in  1841, 
he  lived  in  retirement  at  Kinderhook, 
his  place  of  birth,  on  an  estate  to  which 
he  gave  the  name  of  Lindenwald.  In 
1848  he  was  the  Presidential  candidate 
of  the  section  of  the  Democratic  party 
styling  themselves  "Barnburners,"  or, 
on  that  occasion,  "  Free-soilers,"  but 
was  unsuccessful.  Died  near  Kinder- 
hook,  July  24,  1862. 

Vance,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  one  of  the  earliest  residents  of  the 
State  of  Ohio  ;  served  frequently  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State  ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to  1835  ; 
Governor  of  the  State  in  1836 ;  and  again 
in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1847,  serv- 


25 


ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims.  In  every  public  position  he 
acquitted  himself  with  ability,  and  died 
near  the  town  of  Urbanna,  Ohio,  August 
24,  1851. 

Vance,,  Robert  B. — He  was  born 
in  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

Vance,  Zebulon  J5. — He  was  born 
in  Buncombe  County,  North  Carolina, 
May  13,  1830 ;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation,  and  spent  one  year  at  the  State 
University,  through  the  friendship  of 
its  distinguished  President ;  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1853  ;  in  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature,  from  Buncombe  County ;  and, 
on  the  resignation  of  Hon.  T.  L.  Cling- 
man,  in  1858,  he  was  elected  to  succeed 
him  in  the  Federal  House  of  Represen 
tatives.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Claims;  and  was  Gover 
nor  of  North  Carolina  from  1861  to  1863. 

Van    Cortlandt,    Philip.  —  He 

served  through  the  Revolutionary  war 
as  a  Colonel  in  the  New  York  line,  fight 
ing  at  Saratoga  and  Bemis  Heights  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Convention  which 
ratified  the  United  States  Constitution, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Westchester  County,  in 
1788,  1789,  and  1790;  of  the  State  Se 
nate,  from  1791  to  1794;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1793  to  18U9.  Died  November  5, 
1831,  in  Westchester  County,  aged 
eighty-two  years.  The  latter  part  of  his 
life  was  devoted  to  agriculture. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Pierre.— He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1811  to  1813,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1777. 

Vanderpool,  Aaron.  —  He    was 

born  at  Kinderhook,  New  York,  Febru 
ary  5,  1799;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1820  ;  he  served  in  1825, 
1829,  and  1830,  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1841.  On  his  retirement  from 
Congress  he  settled  in  New  York  City, 
and  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of 


378 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Superior  Court,  which  office  he  held 
until  1850. 

Vanderveer,  AbraJiam. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1839.  Died  July  20,  1839. 

Vandever,  William.  —  Born  in 
Maryland,  and  removing  to  Iowa,  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands.  He-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress.  Served  also 
as  a  Colonel  in  the  Union  army  in  1861. 

Van  Dyke,  John. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  ;  adopted  the  legal  pro 
fession  ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1851.  He  is  now  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  State. 

Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. — He  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1788;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  De 
laware,  from  1807  to  1811 ;  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1817  to  1826 ;  and  died 
in  May,  1826. 

Van  Gaasbeck,  Peter.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1793  to  1795. 

Van  Horn,  Burt. — Was  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  and  also  served  as 
a  Colonel  of  volunteers  in  1861. 

Van  Home,  Archibald. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ma 
ryland,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Van  Home,  Espy. — He  was  born 
in  Lycoming  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1829. 
Died  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania, 
July  25,  1829. 

Van  Home,  Isaac. — He  was  a 

Captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1801  to  1805,  and 
was  then  appointed  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

Van  Houton,  Isaac  B. — He  was 

a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1833  to  1835. 


Van  Metre,  John  J. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy 
Department. 

Van  Ness,  John  JP. — He  was  born 
in  Ghent,  Columbia  County,  New  York, 
in  1770.  He  was  educated  at  Columbia 
College,  and  studied  law,  but  gave  up 
the  practice  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1801  to  1803  ;  ancf  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  Washington  City,  be 
came  the  first  President  of  the  Bank  of 
the  Metropolis  in  1814 ;  he  was  also 
elected  Mayor  of  Washington,  and  both 
as  a  public  and  private  citizen  did  much 
to  promote  the  prosperity  of  the  seat  of 
Government.  While  a  member  of  Con 
gress  he  received,  from  President  Jeffer 
son,  a  commission  as  Major  of  militia 
for  the  District  of  Columbia,  which, 
with  the  fact  that  he  married  a  Wash 
ington  lady,  was  the  cause  of  his  change 
of  residence.  He  died  in  Washington, 
March  7,  1846. 

Van  Rensselaer.  Henry.  —  He 

was  born  in  New  York ;  entered  West 
Point  as  a  cadet  in  1827  ;  was  commis 
sioned  a  Lieutenant  in  1831,  but  resigned 
the  following  year ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Jeremiah. — 

He  was  born  in  1741 ;  was  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution  ;  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  New  York  ;  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1789  to  1791.  He 
died  in  Albany,  February  22,  1810. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Solomon. — He 

was  born  in  Rensselaer  County,  New 
York,  in  1774;  he  served  as  an  officer 
under  General  Wayne  in  1794,  and  was 
wounded  through  the  lungs,  and  re 
ceived  four  wounds  at  the  battle  of 
Queenstown  Heights.  In  1799  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major.  He  was 
Adjutant-General  of  New  York,  from 
1801  to  1810,  and  in  1813.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1822,  when  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  at  Albany.  He 
died  near  Albany,  April  23,  1852. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen.— He 

was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in 
November,  1764,  and  graduated  at  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


379 


University  in  Cambridge,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1782 ;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Senate  in  1795 ;  was  six 
years  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New 
York ;  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1822  to  1829 ;  was  appointed,  in  1810, 
one  of  the  Canal  Commissioners,  and, 
for  the  last  fourteen  years  of  his  life, 
was  President  of  the  Board ;  and  during 
the  last  war  with  England  he  com 
manded,  with  reputation,  as  Major-Ge- 
neral  on  the  Niagara  frontier.  He  was 
distinguished  for  his  wealth  and  muni 
ficent  charities,  and  enjoyed  the  in 
herited  title  of  Patroon.  He  died  at 
Albany,  January  26,  1839. 

Van    Rensselaer,    William.  — 

He  was  born  in  1763 ;  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1801 
to  1811,  after  which  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life,  and  died  in  New  York  City, 
June  18,  1845. 

Vansant,  Joshua. — He  was  born 
in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855 ;  was  also  for  many  years  Pre 
sident  of  the  Maryland  Institute. 

Van  Valkenburgh,  Robert  J5. — 

Born  in  Steuben  County,  New  York, 
September  4,  1821 ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law;  served  three. terms  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  York  ;  when  the 
Rebellion  broke  out  he  was  placed  by 
the  Governor  of  New  York  in  charge 
of  affairs  at  Elmira,  and  there  organized 
seventeen  regiments  for  the  war,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Militia.  In  1862,  and  while  in 
Congress,  he  took  command,  as  Colonel, 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Seventh  Regi 
ment  New  York  Volunteers,  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Antietam.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia,  and  Expendi 
tures  in  the  State  Department. 

Van   Winkle.  Peter   G.  —  Was 

born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Septem 
ber  7,  1808 ;  removed  to  Parkersburg, 
now  West  Virginia,  in  1835;  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1850  ;  also  of  the  Wheel 
ing  Convention  of  1861 ;  and  also  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  Con 


stitution  of  West  Virginia  in  1862  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  from  its  organization  to  June, 
1863 ;  and  in  November  of  that  year 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Finance  and  Pen 
sions. 

Van  Wyck,  Charles  H. — He  was 

elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Mileage  ;  also  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  and  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Government 
Contracts.  While  in  Congress  he  served 
in  the  volunteer  service  as  the  Colonel 
of  a  regiment. 

Van   Wyck,   William  IT.  — He 

was  born  in  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1821 
to  1825. 

Varnuin,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1825  to  1831.  He  was  a 
native  of  Essex  County,  Massachusetts; 
educated  at  Harvard  University  ;  prac 
tised  law  for  some  years  at  Haverhill, 
Massachusetts  ;  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature.  He  re 
moved  to  Niles,  in  the  State  of  Michi 
gan,  where  he  died,  July  23,  1836,  aged 
sixty-three  years. 

Varnum,   Joseph  Bradley.  — 

Born  in  1759,  in  Dracut,  Massachusetts; 
he  was  a  General  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1795  to  1811,  being  four  years 
Speaker,  during  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh 
Congresses.  He  was  chosen  Senator  in 
1811,  served  till  1817,  and  was  Presi 
dent  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  Of  three 
conventions  of  Massachusetts  he  was  a 
useful  member.  He  died  suddenly, 
September  11,  1821,  being  then  Major- 
General  of  a  division  of  the  militia. 

Venable,  Abraham  J5. — He  was 

a  graduate  of  Princeton  College  in  1780; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1791  to  1799,  and  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  1803  to  1804. 
He  perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the 
theatre  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  Decem 
ber  26,  1811. 


380 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Venable,  Abraham  W. — Born  in 
Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia,  Octo 
ber  17,  1799;  graduated  at  Hampden 
Sidney  College  in  1816 ;  studied  medi 
cine  for  two  years,  and  then  went  to 
Princeton  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1819 ;  he  then  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  North  Carolina 
in  1821.  He  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1832,  and  also  in  1836 ;  and  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Ca 
rolina,  from  1847  to  1853.  His  father 
and  six  uncles  were  in  the  Revolution 
ary  war,  serving  their  country  faith 
fully.  He  took  part  in  the  Rebellion 
of  1861  as  a  member  of  the  so-called 
Confederate  Congress. 

Verplanck,  Daniel  C. — He  was 

born  in  New  York  in  1761,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1803  to  1809.  He  subse 
quently  served  for  many  years  as  Judge 
of  the  County  Court  of  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  and  died  near  Fishkill, 
March  29,  1834. 

Verplanck,  Gillian  C. — An  Ame 
rican  author,  and  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  He  graduated  at  Columbia 
College,  pursued  the  study  of  the  law, 
and,  after  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he 
passed  several  years  abroad,  in  Great 
Britain  and  on  the  continent.  On  his 
return  home,  he  became  interested  in 
politics,  and,  in  1814,  was  a  candidate 
of  the  "  malcontents"  in  New  York  for 
the  Assembly.  In  1819  he  wrote  the 
"State  Triumvirate,  a  Political  Tale," 
being  a  satire  on  the  political  parties  of 
the  day,  and  other  works  of  a  similar 
description.  In  1820  he  was  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature,  in  which  he  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Education.  He  soon 
after  became  Professor  of  the  Evidences 
of  Christianity  in  the  Theological  Semi 
nary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  New  York,  and,  in  1824,  he  pub 
lished  his  "Essays  on  the  Nature  and 
Uses  of  the  various  Evidences  of  Re 
vealed  Religion,"  a  work  written  with 
simplicity  and  elegance.  The  following 
year  appeared  his  "  Essay  on  the  Doc 
trine  of  Contracts,  being  an  Inquiry 
how  Contracts  are  affected,  in  Law  and 
Morals,  by  Concealment,  Error,  or  In 
adequate  Price."  Besides  these  works, 
he  contributed  much  to  various  maga 
zines,  and  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Bry 
ant  and  Mr.  Sands,  he  published  the 


Talisman,  a  sort  of  annual,  three  vo 
lumes  of  which  appeared.  From  1825 
he  was  for  eight  years  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  he  was  afterwards,  for  several 
years,  a  member  of  the  New  York  Se 
nate.  He  also  published,  in  1833,  a 
collection  of  his  discourses  and  addresses 
on  various  subjects,  and  in  1844-46,  a 
handsome  edition  of  Shakspeare. 

Verree,  Jolin  P. — Born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1819 ;  is  an 
iron  manufacturer  by  occupation — the 
business  of  his  whole  life  heretofore ; 
was  for  six  years  a  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Select  Council,  and  four  years 
the  presiding  officer  of  that  body ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Vibbard,  Chauncey. — Was  born 
at  Gal  way,  Saratoga  County,  New  York, 
November  11, 1811 ;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  was  employed  for 
several  years  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  and 
afterwards  in  a  railroad  office,  in  Al 
bany;  in  1848  he  became  the  Superin 
tendent  of  the  Utica  and  Schenectady 
Railway  Company ;  and  was  afterwards 
called  to  the  same  position  in  the  New 
York  Central  Railway  Company,  in 
which  capacity  he  continued  until  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  New  York, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office  and  Post  Roads. 

Vining,  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1789  to  1792,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1795  to  1798,  when  he 
resigned.  He  had  previously  been  elect 
ed  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  from  1784  to  1786. 

Vinton,  Samuel  F.— Born  at  South 
Hadley,  Massachusetts,  September  25, 
1792.  He  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege,  Massachusetts,  in  1814;  studied 
law  in  Middletown,  Connecticut,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816,  when 
he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  practised  his 
profession  with  eminent  success.  He 
was  first  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  in  1823,  and  served  fourteen 
years,  when  he  declined  a  re-election  ; 
he  was  re-elected  in  1843,  and  served 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


381 


eight  years  in  succession,  when  he  again 
declined  a  re-election,  and  retired  to 
private  life,  where  his  tastes  and  wishes 
inclined  him  to  remain.  While  in  Con 
gress,  Mr.  Yinton  served  as  chairman 
of  several  of  the  most  important  com 
mittees.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  under  the  act  emancipa 
ting  the  slaves  in  the  District  of  Colum 
bia,  and  died  in  Washington  in  May, 
1862. 

Voorliees,  Daniel  W. — Was  born 
in  Fountain  County,  Indiana,  Septem 
ber  26,  1828;  graduated  at  the  Indiana 
Asbury  University  in  1849 ;  read  law, 
and  commenced  the  practice  in  1851 ; 
in  1858  he  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Indiana  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan,  which  office  he  held 
three  years ;  in  1859  he  was  engaged  in 
the  defence  of  John  E.  Cook,  at  Har 
per's  Ferry,  for  participation  in  the 
John  Brown  raid.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Elections,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee. 
Occasionally,  by  way  of  relieving  the 
monotony  of  professional  life,  he  is  in 
the  habit  of  addressing  literary  societies 
on  subjects  of  general  interest. 

Vose,  Roger.  —  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1790;  was  for 
many  years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  in  New  Hampshire  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  1817 ;  and 
died  April  17,  1842. 

Vroom,  Peter  J>. — He  was  born 

in  New  Jersey  ;  graduated  at  Columbia 
College,  New  York  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1839  to  1841.  He  was  also 
Governor  of  New  Jersey,  from  1829  to 
1832,  and  for  a  second  term,  from  1833 
to  1836;  and  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1844.  In 
1853  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Prus 
sia.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Wade,  Benjamin  F.  —  He  was 

born  in  Feeding  Hills  Parish,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  27,  1800;  received  a 
limited  education,  and  commenced  active 
life  by  teaching  school  and  attending  to 


agricultural  pursuits,  in  Ohio,  to  which 
he  removed  when  twenty-one  years  of 
age ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1828  ;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  in 
1851,  for  the  term  ending  in  1857,  and 
re-elected  for  a  second  and  third  term, 
ending  in  1869,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories,  and  of 
the  Special  Committee  on  the  Conduct 
of  the  War.  The  other  public  positions 
held  by  him  are  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Ashtabula 
County,  State  Senator,  and  President 
of  a  Judicial  Circuit. 


Wade,  Edivard. — He  was  born  in 
West  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  No 
vember  22,  1803,  and  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  ;  he  removed  with 
his  father  to  Andover,  Ashtabula  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  in  1821,  where  he  remained 
until  1824,  and  engaged  in  clearing  the 
land.  He  studied  law  in  Albany  and 
Troy,  New  York,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Jefferson,  Ohio,  in  1827,  and 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  that 
county  ;  in  1832  he  removed  to  Union- 
ville,  and  remained  until  1837,  and 
finally  settled  in  Cleveland.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  in 
the  Thirty-third  Congress,  to  which 
position  he  has  been  re-elected,  serving 
in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  on  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

Wadsworth,  Jeremiah. — He  was 

a  Delegate,  from  Connecticut,  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  from  1786  to  1788, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1789  to  1795. 

Wadsivorth,  Peleg. — Was  born 
in  Duxbury,  Massachusetts,  May  6, 
1748  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1769,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  com 
mercial  pursuits.  He  joined  the  army 
as  Captain  of  a  company  of  minute  men, 
at  Roxbury,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  and  by  his  skill  and  courage  rose 
rapidly  in  the  service.  He  was  second 
in  command  of  the  forces  sent  to  Penob- 
scot  by  Massachusetts,  in  1779,  on  which 
occasion  he  displayed  great  courage,  and 
was  taken  prisoner.  He  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General.  After  the 
war,  in  1784,  he  established  himself  in 
Portland,  Maine,  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  ;  and  was  employed  much  in  sur 
veying,  in  which  he  was  quite  skilful. 


382 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


In  1792  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and  the 
same  year  was  chosen  the  first  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  his  district. 
He  was  successively  re-elected  until 
1806,  when  he  declined  a  further  nomi 
nation.  In  1798,  the  citizens  of  Port 
land  gave  him  a  public  dinner,  in  ap 
probation  of  his  conduct  as  their  Repre 
sentative.  In  1807  he  removed  to  the 
county  of  Oxford,  Maine,  to  improve  a 
large  tract  of  land  granted  to  him  by 
Government,  for  his  services.  Here  he 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  re 
tirement,  enjoying  the  respect  of  a  large 
circle  of  his  friends  and  fellow-citizens. 
He  died  in  1829. 

Wadsworth,  W.  H. — Was  born 
in  Maysville,  Mason  County,  Kentucky, 
July  4,  1821,  but  came  of  the  old  family 
of  "Wadsworths  who  founded  the  city  of 
Hartford,  Connecticut.  He  received  his 
education  from  the  Maysville  Seminary 
and  the  Augusta  College  of  Kentucky ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  sat  in 
the  Senate  of  Kentucky  in  1853  and 
1855 ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1860,  presiding  over  the  Electoral  Col 
lege  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Kentucky,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Public  Lands,  and  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library. 

Wagener9  D.  D. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1841.  He  was  a  merchant,  and  for 
many  years  President  of  the  Easton 
Bank.  Died  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania, 
October  1,  1860. 

Waggamann,    George  A. — He 

was  Secretary  of  State  of  Louisiana, 
under  three  administrations  ;  held  vari 
ous  other  public  positions;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1831  to  1835. 
He  died  at  New  Orleans,  March  23, 
1843,  from  the  effects  of  a  wound  re 
ceived  in  a  duel,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

Wagner,  Peter  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Waheman,  Abram.  —  Born  in 
Fairfield,  Connecticut,  May  31,  1824. 


He  received  a  district  school  education  ; 
when  sixteen  years  of  age  he  removed 
to  New  Rochelle,  New  York,  and  taught 
school ;  he  subsequently  attended  an 
academy  in  Herkimer  County,  as  pupil, 
working  a  part  of  the  time  on  a  farm  to 
pay  his  expenses  ;  he  then  went  into  the 
wilderness  and  took  charge  of  a  saw 
mill  ;  after  that  he  went  into  the  busi 
ness  of  selling  books  by  subscription, 
travelling  through  much  of  the  Union  ; 
in  1844  he  commenced  the  study  of  the 
law  in  Herkimer  County,  New  York ; 
went  to  New  York  City  in  1846,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847 ;  in 
1850  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  ; 
re-elected  in  1851 ;  in  1854  was  elected 
an  Alderman  in  New  York,  serving 
two  years ;  and  in  1856  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.  He  has  also  frequently  served  as 
a  member  of  State  conventions. 

Walbridge,  David  S. — Born  in 
Bennington,  Vermont,  July  30,  1802; 
received  his  education  from  the  common 
schools  of  the  vicinity ;  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  various  employments  of 
the  farmer,  the  merchant,  and  the  mil 
ler  ;  he  removed  to  Michigan  in  1842 ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  in  1854,  and 
served  until  1859. 

Walbridge,  Henry  S. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Walbridge;  Hiram.  —  Born    at 

Ithaca,  Tompkins  County,  New  York, 
February  2,  1821  ;  commenced  life  by 
learning  the  trade  of  a  mechanic  ;  sub 
sequently  received  a  good  education  at 
the  Ohio  University;  when  twenty-three 
years  of  age  was  elected  Brigadier-Ge 
neral  of  the  Ohio  militia  ;  and  removing 
to  New  York  City,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
serving  from  1853  to  1855. 

Walden,  Hiram. — He  was  born 
in  Rutland  County,  Vermont,  August 
29,  1800;  received  a  limited  education, 
and  having  removed  with  his  father  to 
New  York,  devoted  himself  to  the  busi 
ness  of  cloth  dressing  and  wool  carding ; 
he  took  an  interest  in  military  affairs, 
and  attained  the  office  of  Major-General 
of  militia  ;  in  1836  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  in  1842  he  was  elected 
a  Supervisor  in  the  county  of  Schoharie ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


383 


and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Waldo,  Lorin  P. — Was  born  in 

Canterbury,  Windham  County,  Connec 
ticut,  February  2,  1802  ;  received  a  tho 
rough  English  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  pursued  the  study  of  the 
classics  to  some  extent  under  private 
instructors  ;  read  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  State  of 
Connecticut,  in  September,  1825 ;  lo 
cated  in  Tolland  County,  Connecticut, 
where  he  was  State's  Attorney  from 
1837  to  1849  ;  was  two  years  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Probate  in  his  district,  and 
six  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  his  State.  In  April,  1849,  he  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-first  Congress,  and 
served  the  term.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
Commissioner  of  the  School  Fund  of 
Connecticut ;  was,  in  March,  1853,  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Commis 
sioner  of  Pensions  ;  and  in  June,  1855, 
was  elected,  by  the  Legislature  of  Con 
necticut,  to  the  office  of  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  which  office  he  now 
holds. 

Waldron,  Henry. — He  was  born 
in  Albany,  New  York,  October  11, 
1819 ;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College, 
New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  in  July, 
1836 ;  became  a  civil  engineer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Michigan  in  1843 ;  and  served  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  during  the 
years  1855,  1856, 1857,  and  1858,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Territories. 

Wales,  George  E. — He  was  born 
in  Windham  County,  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1825  to  1829.  He  also  served 
six  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  Speaker  in  1823  and  1824 ;  and  was 
Judge  of  Probate,  for  Hartford  County, 
from  1843  to  1848. 

Wales,  John. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Delaware,  from  1849 
to  1851.  Died  December  3,  1863. 

Walker,  Amasa. — He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Massachusetts, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  G-.  F.  Bailey,  de 
ceased. 


Walker,  Benjamin. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1801  to  1803. 

Walker,  David. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1817  to  1820.  Died  March  1, 1820, 
having  sent  a  request  to  Congress  that 
his  death  should  not  be  officially  noticed, 
which  request  was  complied  with. 

Walker,  Felix. — He  was  born  in 
Hampshire  County,  Virginia,  July  19, 
1753,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from  1817 
to  1823  ;  was  the  friend  and  companion 
of  Daniel  Boone,  when  he  explored 
Kentucky  and  founded  Boonsborough ; 
he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Indian 
wars  in  the  Carolinas  ;  settled  in  Tryon 
County,  North  Carolina ;  and  was  for 
many  years  in  the  State  Legislature ; 
and  subsequently  removing  to  the  State 
of  Mississippi,  he  died  there  in  1830. 

Walker,  Francis. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1793  to  1795. 

Walker,  Freeman.  —  He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

Walker,  George. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1814  to  1815. 

Walker,  Isaac  JP. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Wisconsin, 
from  1848  to  1855,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Walker,  John. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  during  the 
year  1790. 

Walker,  John. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1790 
to  1791. 

Walker,  John  W. — He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from 
1819  to  1822,  and  died  in  April,  1823. 
He  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health.  It  was  said  that  he 
sometimes  addressed  the  Senate  when 
it  was  thought  he  would  die  before  fin 
ishing. 

Walker,  Percy. — Born  near  Hunts- 


384 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ville,  Alabama ;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  in  1835  graduated  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  removed  to  Mo 
bile.  He  served  as  an  officer  in  a  volun 
teer  company  during  the  Creek  war. 
He  afterwards  studied  law  as  a  profes 
sion,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1842  ;  he  was  elected  by  the  Legislature 
to  the  office  of  State's  Attorney  for  the 
Sixth  Judicial  Circuit,  which  he  held 
four  years.  In  1839,  1847,  and  1853,  he 
represented  Mobile  County  in  the  Gene 
ral  Assembly,  and  in  1855  was  elected 
a  Kepresentative,  from  Alabama,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  At  the  next 
election  he  declined  being  a  candidate, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  law. 


Walker,  Robert  J.— Was  born  at 
Northumberland,  in  the  State  of  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1801.  He  entered  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Philadel 
phia,  where  he  graduated  in  1819.  On 
leaving  college,  he  settled  in  Pittsburg, 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1821.  He  interested  himself  in 
politics  at  a  very  early  period,  and  be 
came  Chairman  of  a  Democratic  Com 
mittee,  during  a  State  election,  when 
only  twenty-two  years  of  age.  A  year 
or  two  later  he  took  part  in  the  move 
ment  in  favor  of  nominating  General 
Jackson  to  the  Presidency,  and  was  in 
strumental  in  bringing  about  the  action 
of  the  Harrisburg  Convention,  which 
nominated  Jackson  for  that  office  in 
1824.  In  the  spring  of  1826  he  moved 
to  the  State  of  Mississippi.  He  uni 
formly  refused  political  office  until  1836, 
when  he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  until  1845.  In  that  body 
he  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  his  party. 
In  March,  1845,  on  President  Polk's 
accession  to  office,  he  was  called  upon  to 
take  charge  of  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment,  which  he  administered  for  four 
years.  He  subsequently  visited  Eng 
land,  where  he  met  with  flattering  at 
tentions.  After  having  been  for  some 
years  out  of  the  pale  of  politics,  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  in 
1857,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Kan 
sas,  which  office  he  resigned. 

Walker,   William  A.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  Hampshire,  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative,  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1853  to  1855.  Died  at  New 
York,  December  18,  1861. 


Watt,  Garret  J).— Born  in  Mon- 
mouth  County,  New  Jersey,  March  10, 
1783  ;  received  an  academical  education, 
and  in  1798  commenced  the  study  of  law 
at  Trenton  ;  in  1804  was  licensed  as  an 
attorney,  and  in  1807  as  counsellor-at- 
law.  Was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  in  1812,  which  office  he 
held  for  five  years.  He  commanded  a 
volunteer  company  at  the  defence  of 
Sandy  Hook,  in  the  last  war ;  and  was 
Quartermaster-General  of  the  State  from 
1815  to  1837.  In  1827  he  was  elected  to 
the  General  Assembly.  In  1829  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  for  New  Jersey,  and  the  same  year 
elected  Governor  of  the  State,  by  the 
Legislature,  but  declined  the  appoint 
ment.  He  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate  from  1835  to  1841.  In 
1843  his  health  was  greatly  impaired  by 
a  stroke  of  paralysis ;  but  in  1848  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeals,  which  office  he  occupied 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Bur 
lington,  New  Jersey,  November  22, 
1850.  His  disease  was  dropsy  on  the 
chest. 

Wall,  James  W. —  Was  born  in 
Trenton,  New  Jersey  in  1820 ;  his  father, 
Garret  D.  Wall,  having  been  a  Senator 
before  him ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1839 ;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  in  Trenton ;  his 
first  public  position  was  that  of  Com 
missioner  of  Bankruptcy ;  in  1847,  he 
settled  in  Burlington,  and  devoted  some 
attention  to  literary  pursuits  ;  in  1850 
he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Burlington ; 
and  in  1854  he  visited  Europe,  and 
published  a  volume,  entitled,  "Foreign 
Etchings,  or  Visits  to  the  Old  World's 
Pleasant  Places."  During  the  early 
part  of  the  Rebellion,  he  wrote  against 
the  administration  in  power  for  inter 
fering  with  the  freedom  of  the  press, 
and  was  imprisoned  for  a  few  weeks  in 
Fort  Lafayette,  and  on  his  release  was 
welcomed  home  with  great  enthusiasm 
by  his  fellow-citizens  ;  and  in  January, 
1863,  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  John  W.  Thompson,  de 
ceased,  but  which  seat  was  for  a  short 
time  occupied  by  R.  S.  Field. 

Watt,  William.— Was  born  in  Phi 
ladelphia,  March  20,  1801 ;  served  seven 
years  as  an  apprentice  to  a  ropemaker  ; 
removed  to  King's  County,  Long  Island, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


385 


in  1822,  where  he  followed  his  business 
of  rope-making  so  successfully  that  when 
he  gave  it  up  in  1856  he  had  acquired  a 
large  fortune.  While  thus  engaged  in 
active  business,  he  was  called  upon  to 
fill  a  great  number  of  local  offices,  such 
as  Commissioner  of  Highways,  School 
Trustee,  Supervisor,  Commissioner  of 
Water-works,  &c.  ;  and  in  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  Expenditures  on 
Public  Buildings. 

Wallace,  Daniel.  —  He  was  born 
in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1853. 

Wallace,  David. — He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  April  4,  1799;  graduated 
at  West  Point  in  1821,  and  served  for  a 
time  as  Professor  of  Mathematics.  In 
1828  he  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
Legislature ;  elected  Lieutenant-Gover 
nor  of  the  State  in  1830  and  1833  ;  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  from  1837  to  1840  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1841  to  1843  ;  and 
subsequently  to  his  service  in  Con 
gress  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the 
State ;  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention ;  and  in  1856  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  at  Indianapolis,  where  he  died, 
September  5,  1859. 

Wallace,  James  M. — He  was  born 
in  Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1815  to  1821.  It  is  said 
he  always  protested  against  the  initial 
M.  in  his  name,  but  never  got  rid  of  it 
in  the  Journals  of  Congress. 

Wallace,  John  W. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims. 

Wallace,  William  H.  —  Born  in 
Miami  County,  Ohio,  July  17,  1811 ; 
spent  his  early  life  in  Indiana  ;  removed 
to  Iowa  in  1837 ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  of  Iowa,  and  served  as 
Speaker,  and  also  as  President  of  the 
State  Council;  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Taylor,  Receiver  of  Public  Mo 
neys  at  Fairfield,  Iowa ;  removed  to 


Washington  Territory  in  1853 ;  served 
several  sessions  in  the  Territorial  Legis 
lature  ;  was  appointed,  in  1861,  by  Pre 
sident  Lincoln,  Governor  of  Washing 
ton  Territory;  was  elected  a  Delegate 
therefrom  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress  ;  was  appointed  the  first  Governor 
of  Idaho  Territory ;  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  as  a  Delegate 
from  Idaho. 

Walley,  Samuel  H. — Born  in  Bos 
ton,  Massachusetts,  August  31,  1805; 
fitted  for  college  at  Andover  Academy ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1826  ; 
studied  law  ;  officiated  for  twenty  years 
as  Treasurer  of  a  savings  bank  in  Bos 
ton  for  the  benefit  of  seamen  ;  was  also 
Treasurer  for  a  long  time  of  a  railroad 
in  Vermont,  and  one  in  New  York ;  he 
was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  for  eight  sessions,  and  Speaker  of 
the  House  for  two  years  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1853  to  1855. 
On  his  return  from  Washington  he  was 
the  Whig  candidate  for  Governor  of 
Massachusetts,  but  was  defeated ;  was  a 
Bank  Commissioner  in  1858 ;  and  in 
1859  became  President  of  the  Revere 
Bank  of  Boston. 

Wain,  Robert. — He  was  a  promi 
nent  merchant  in  Philadelphia,  and  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1798  to  1801,  and  died,  Janu 
ary  24,  1836,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Walsh,  Mike. — Born  in  Yanghull, 
Ireland, but  brought  to  this  country  when 
a  child ;  spent  his  boyhood  as  a  wanderer ; 
conducted  a  paper  in  New  York  called 
the  "Subterranean,"  in  which  he  pub 
lished  certain  libels,  for  which  he  was 
imprisoned  two  years  ;  and  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1853  to  1855.  He  subse 
quently  visited  Europe,  and  also  Mexico, 
and  on  March  17,  1859,  was  found  dead 
in  the  yard  of  a  public  house  in  New 
York.  The  cause  of  his  death  unknown. 

Walsh,  Thomas  Y. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Maryland,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Walton,  Charles  W.— Was  born 
in  Mexico,  Oxford  County,  Maine,  De 
cember  9,  1819;  was  bred  a  printer; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1843 ;  in  1847  was  elected  Attorney 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


for  Oxford  County,  which  he  held  for 
four  years  ;  removing  to  Androscoggin 
County  in  1855,  was  elected  Attorney 
for  that  county  in  1857,  which  office  he 
held  until  1860,  when  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Maine,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 
In  May,  1862,  he  resigned  his  seat  in 
Congress,  and  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Maine. 


Walton,  E.  P.— Born  at  Montpe- 
lier,  Vermont,  February  17,  1812;  stu 
died  law,  but  was  a  practical  printer  and 
editor,  having  for  several  years  edited 
the  "Vermont  Watchman;"  he  served 
in  the  State  Legislature,  as  Representa 
tive,  one  term  ;  and  was  then  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Expenditures.  He  was 
also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  and 
Thirty-seventh  Congresses,  and  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims,  and  Chairman  of  that  on  Print 
ing.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Bal 
timore  Convention  of  1864. 

Walton,  George. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia ;  born  in  1740 ;  he  served 
an  apprenticeship  to  the  carpenter's 
trade,  after  the  expiration  of  which  he 
removed  to  Georgia,  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1774.  He 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence,  and  one  of  the 
four  individuals  who  called  a  public 
meeting  at  Savannah  to  concert  mea 
sures  for  the  defence  of  the  country,  in 
1774  ;  was  one  of  the  Committee  who 
prepared  a  petition  to  the  King,  and 
drew  up  the  patriotic  resolutions  adopted 
on  that  occasion.  He  was  active  in  pro 
moting  the  Revolution  at  home,  and  in 
1776  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
Georgia.  When  the  enemy  attacked 
Savannah  he  was  dangerously  wounded 
and  taken  prisoner,  but  was  released  in 
1779,  and  the  same  year  was  chosen  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  ;  in  1780  was  again 
sent  to  Congress ;  and  in  1783  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  State;  in 
1787  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention 
for  framing  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  but  declined  taking  his 
seat;  in  1793  was  again  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court ;  and  in  1795  was  elected 
to  succeed  General  Jackson  as  a  Senator 


in  Congress,  serving  one  year.  He  died 
February  2,  1804. 

Walton,  Matthew. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1803  to  1807.  Died  Janu 
ary  18,  1819. 

Walworth,  Heuben  Hyde. — He 

was  born  at  Bozrah,  Connecticut,  in  Oc 
tober,  1789.  He  spent  his  earlier  years 
on  a  farm,  and  had  few  advantages  of 
education.  He  commenced  the  study  of 
law  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  when 
twenty  was  admitted  to  practice, '  and 
when  twenty-two  was  licensed  as  an 
attorney  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
York.  He  settled  at  Plattsburg  in  1811, 
and  held  successively  the  offices  of  Mas 
ter  in  Chancery,  officer  of  militia  during 
the  siege  of  Plattsburg  in  1814,  and  Ad 
jutant-General  of  the  combined  forces, 
having  as  such  participated  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Beekmanstown  and  Pike's  Can 
tonment.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
House  during  the  Seventeenth  Congress, 
declined  a  re-election,  and  was  appointed 
a  Circuit  Judge  in  1823  ;  and  in  1828  he 
was  made  Chancellor  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  which  he  held  for  twenty 
years,  when  the  office  was  abolished. 
His  opinions  as  Chancellor  were  pub 
lished  in  fourteen  volumes,  while  his 
other  opinions  occupy  as  many  more. 

Ward,  Aaron. — He  was  born  at 

Sing  Sing,  New  York  ;  was  educated  at 
Mount  Pleasant  Academy,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  served,  in 
1813,  in  the  regular  army  as  a  Captain  ; 
was,  for  a  time  after  the  war,  District 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  West- 
chester,  and  subsequently  attained  the 
position  of  Major-General  of  the  New 
York  militia.  His  terms  of  service  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress  were  from 
1825  to  1829,  from  1831  to  1837.  and 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Ward,  Artemas.— Graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1748.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in^the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature  ;  a  member  of  the  Common  Coun 
cil  of  Boston ;  and  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  the  County  of 
Worcester.  June  17,  1775,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Major-General  of  the  American 
army,  and  was  intrusted  with  the  com 
mand  of  the  right  wing  of  the  troops 
stationed  at  Roxbury  for  the  siege  of 
Boston.  He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Pro- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


387 


vincial  Congress,  and  a  Representative 
in  the  United  States  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1791  to"  1795.  He 
was  much  esteemed  by  Washington,  and 
although  he  resigned  his  commission  in 
April, ^1776,  yet  at  the  request  of  the 
Commander-in-chief  he  continued  some 
time  longer  in  the  service.  He  was  a 
man  of  exemplary  piety  and  incorrup 
tible  integrity.  After  a  long  and  patient 
endurance  of  many  sufferings,  he  died, 
October  28,  1800,  aged  seventy-three 
years. 

Ward,  Artemas. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Massachusetts,  and  born  in  1763  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1783 ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice,  and  soon  became  eminent  in 
his  profession.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1813  to  1817;  in  1821  he  was 
appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  which  office  he  held  for 
nineteen  years.  He  died  in  Boston,  Oc 
tober  7,  1847.  He  was  honored  with  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard  Uni 
versity. 

Ward,  Elijah.— He  was  born  in 
Sing  Sing,  New  York,  September  16, 
1816 ;  received  an  academic  education, 
and  was  bred  a  merchant,  chiefly  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  where  he  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Mercantile  Library  Asso 
ciation  in  1839 ;  he  studied  law  at  the 
University  of  New  York,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia.  In  1860  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  in 
1862  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Roads  and 
Canals,  and  on  Commerce. 

Ward,,  Jonathan. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1815  to  1817,  having 
been  a  State  Senator,  from  Westchester 
County,  from  1807  to  1810. 

Ward,  Matthias. — He  was  born 
in  Elbert  County,  Georgia,  but  grew  up 
to  manhood  in  Madison  County.  Ala 
bama.  He  received  an  academic  educa 
tion  |  was  a  school  teacher  for  two  years ; 
studied  law,  and  became  a  citizen  of  the 
Republic  of  Texas,  in  1836.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  Congress  of 


that  Republic,  and  when  it  became  a 
State,  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  as 
a  Senator.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
two  Conventions  which  nominated  Mr. 
Pierce  and  Mr.  Buchanan  for  the  office 
of  President ;  in  1856  he  was  chosen 
President  of  the  State  Democratic  Con 
vention  held  at  Austin  ;  and  in  1858  was 
appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Texas,  for  the  term  ending  in  1863. 
Died  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  Octo 
ber  13,  1861. 

Wardf  Thomas. — Was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1813  to  1817.  He  died  at  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  February  4,  1842,  aged 
eighty-three. 
• 

Ward,  William  T. — He  was  born 

in  Kentucky  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Wardivell,  Daniel. — He  was  born 
in  Rhode  Island,  and  having  taken  up 
his  residence  in  New  York,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1831  to  1837,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  for  four  years, 
from  Jefferson  County. 

Ware,  Nicholas. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1821 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  New  York  City,  September  7,  1824. 

War  field,  Henry  H. — Was  born 
in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Maryland ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1825.  On 
the  morning  of  March  18,  1839,  he  was 
found  dead  in  his  bed,  at  Frederick, 
Maryland. 

Warner,  Hiram. — Born  in  Hamp 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  October 
29,  1802 ;  he  received  a  good  common 
school  education,  with  some  knowledge 
of  the  classics,  and  emigrated  to  Georgia 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  there  taught 
school  for  three  years  ;  with  his  earnings 
he  was  enabled  to  study  the  profession 
of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1825,  and  opened  an  office  at  Knoxville, 
in  Crawford  County.  From  1828  to 
1831,  he  was  a  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly,  and  declined  a  re 
election.  In  1833  he  was  elected  by  the 


388 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Legislature  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Superior  Courts  of  the  State,  and  was 
reappointed  in  1836,  holding  the  office 
until  1840.  From  that  time  till  1845 
he  was  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice, 
and  was  that  year  appointed  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  serving 
for  eight  years,  and  then  resigned.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election  in  1857. 

Warren,  Cornelius. — Born  in 
Putnam  County,  New  York,  in  1790, 
and  died  at  Cold  Spring,  July  28,  1849. 
He  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1847  until  his  death. 

Warren,  Edward  A. — Born  in 

Greene  County,  Alabama,  May  2, 1818  ; 
received  a  liberal  education,  and  stu 
died  the  profession  of  law.  He  served 
in  the  Mississippi  Legislature  in  1845 
and  1846,  and  in  the  Legislature  of  Ar 
kansas  in  1848  and  1849,  as  Speaker  of 
the  House.  In  1850  he  was  elected 
State's  Attorney  for  the  Sixth  Judicial 
District  of  Arkansas ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  in  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  the  Militia,  and 
Railroads  and  Canals. 

Warren,  Lott.  —  Born  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia,  October  30,  1797 ; 
commenced  life  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  ; 
served  in  the  Seminole  war  as  a  Second 
Lieutenant  of  militia  in  1818  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1821 ;  in  1823  he  was  elected  a  Major  of 
battalion ;  in  1824  went  to  the  State 
Legislature  ;  in  1825  was  appointed  So 
licitor-General  to  fill  a  vacancy  ;  in  1830 
he  was  sent  to  the  State  Senate  ;  in  1831 
again  elected  to  the  Lower  House ;  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1839  to  1843.  He  is  still  devoted 
to  the  profession  of  law. 

Washburn,  Cadwallader  C. — 

Born  in  the  town  of  Livermore,  Maine, 
April  22,  1818.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession  ;  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims, 
and  Expenditures  on  the  Public  Build 
ings.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 


the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 
He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace 
Congress  of  1861. 

Washburn,  Israel,  Jr.  —  Born 
June  6,  1813,  at  Livermore,  County  of 
Oxford  (now  Androscoggin),  Maine. 
He  received  a  classical  education  ;  stu 
died  law,  and  in  October,  1834,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  ;  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Orono,  Penobscot 
County,  December,  1834,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  in  1842,  and  elected  to  the 
Federal  House  of  Representatives,  from 
Maine,  for  the  Thirty-second,  Thirty- 
third,  Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and 
Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  in  the 
latter  Congress  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  "Ways  and  Means.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Maine,  and 
in  1863  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Collector  of  Portland. 

Washburn,  William  B. — He  was 

born  in  Winchendon  Massachusetts, 
January  31,  1820;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1844 ;  has  always  been  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacturing  business ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1850,  and  of  the  Lower  House  in  1854; 
was  subsequently  President  of  the  Green 
field  Bank ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Massachusetts,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and 
Roads  and  Canals. 

Washburne,  Elihu  B. — Born  in 
Livermore,  Oxford  County,  Maine, 
September  23,  1816  ;  served  an  appren 
ticeship  in  the  printing-office  of  the 
Kennebec  Journal ;  studied  law  at 
Harvard  Universit3r,  and  removing  to 
the  West,  practised  at  Galena,  Illinois. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  from  that  State, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth, 
Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  two  occasions  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  He  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  again  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  again 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library.  On  account 
of  his  having  served  continuously  for  a 
longer  period  than  any  other  member  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


389 


this  Congress,  usage  awarded  to  him 
the  title  of  "  Father  of  the  House." 

Washington,  George  C. — Born 
in  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia, 
August  20,  1789,  and  died  in  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia,  July  17, 
1854.  He  was  educated  at  Cambridge, 
and  became  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
though  partial  to  the  pursuit  of  agricul 
ture.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was 
the  oldest  and  nearest  surviving  male 
relative  of  his  granduncle,  General 
Washington.  He  represented  Mary 
land  in  Congress,  from  1827  to  1833, 
and  from  1835  to  1837.  He  was  also 
President  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Canal,  and  a  Commissioner  for  the  set 
tlement  of  Indian  Claims.  When  Gene 
ral  Scott  was  nominated  for  the  Presi 
dency,  Mr.  Washington  was  spoken  of 
as  the  candidate  for  Vice-President. 

Washington,  William  H. — Born 
in  North  Carolina  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1834,  and  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession.  He  was  in  Congress  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  subsequently  five  or  six 
years  in  the  State  Legislature. 

Watltins,  Albert  G. — He  was  born 
in  Jefferson  County,  Tennessee,  May  5, 
1818  ;  was  educated  at  Holston  College, 
Tennessee ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
from  his  native  county,  in  1845 ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1848 ;  and  was 
first  elected  a  [Representative  in  Con 
gress  in  1849,  and  has  been  re-elected  to 
each  succeeding  Congress,  excepting 
the  Thirty-third,  when  he  declined  the 
nomination.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures,  and  on 
the  Militia. 

Watmough,  John   G. — He   was 

born  on  the  banks  of  the  Brandywine, 
Delaware,  December  6,  1793,  and  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Princeton.  He  served  in  the  war 
of  1812,  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Second 
Artillery,  and  while  doing  service  on 
the  frontiers,  in  1813  and  1814,  was 
wounded  by  receiving  in  his  body  three 
musket-balls,  the  last  of  which  was  ex 
tracted  in  1835 ;  he  resigned  his  com 
mission  in  1816,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1831,  where  he  remained 
four  years,  during  the  whole  of  which 
period  his  wounds  were  open  and  con 


stantly  giving  him  pain.  His  other 
public  positions  were  those  of  aide-de 
camp  to  General  Gaines  at  New  Or 
leans,  and  in  the  Creek  Nation  in  1814 
and  1815  ;  High  Sheriff  of  Philadelphia 
City  and  County,  in  1835 ;  and  Sur 
veyor  of  that  port  in  1841.  During  the 
latter  part  of  his  life -he  lived  in  retire 
ment,  and  died  at  Philadelphia,  No 
vember  29,  1861. 

Watson,  Cooper  K. — He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855  to 
1857. 

Watson,  James. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1798  to  1801),  when  he  resigned;  had 
previously  been  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York,  during  the  years 
1791,  1794,  1795,  and  1796;  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1797. 

Watterson,  Harvey  M. — He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1843. 

Watts,   John. — He  was    born    in 

New  York  in  1749,  and  died  in  New 
York  City,  September  3, 1836.  He  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1793  to 
1795. 

Watts,  John  S. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  elected  a  Delegate,  from 
the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Wayne,  Anthony. — Born  in  East- 
town,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1746.  In  1773  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
where  he  took  an  active  part  against 
the  claims  of  Great  Britain.  In  1775 
he  entered  the  army  as  Colonel,  and  in 
the  battle  at  the  Three  Rivers,  in  June, 
1776,  received  a  wound  in  the  leg,  and 
at  the  close  of  the  campaign  he  was 
made  a  Brigadier-General.  In  the  bat 
tles  of  Brandywine,  Germantown,  and 
Monmouth,  and  especially  at  Stony 
Point,  he  greatly  distinguished  himself, 
in  the  latter  assault  receiving  a  severe 
wound  in  the  head.  In  1781  he  led  the 
Pennsylvania  line,  to  form  a  junction 
with  Lafayette  in  Virginia,  and  engaged 
in  the  capture  of  Cornwallis ;  after 
which  he  conducted  the  war  in  Georgia 
with  equal  success,  receiving  from  the 


390 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Legislature  of  that  State  a  valuable 
farm  as  a  reward  for  his  services,  upon 
which  he  retired  after  the  war.  In  1787 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for 
framing  the  Constitution,  and  served  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  in  1791,  but  his  seat  was  va 
cated  by  a  resolution  of  the  House.  In 
1792  he  was  again  called  into  military 
service,  and  succeeded  St.  Clair  in  the 
command  of  the  army  against  the  In 
dians,  gaining  a  complete  victory  over 
them  in  1794,  at  the  battle  of  the  Mia 
mi;  he  concluded  a  treaty,  August  3, 
1795,  with  the  hostile  tribes  northwest 
of  the  Ohio.  While  in  the  service  of 
his  country,  having  attained  the  rank 
of  Major-General,  he  died  in  a  hut  at 
Presque  Isle,  and  was  buried  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Erie,  in  December,  1796. 

Wayne,  Isaac. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Wayne,  James  M. — He  was  born 
in  Savannah,  Georgia.  Having  ob 
tained  an  excellent  preliminary  educa 
tion,  under  the  instruction  of  a  private 
tutor,  he  entered  Nassau  Hall  (now 
Princeton  College),  where  he  counted 
among  his  fellow-students  some  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  present  day.  On  his 
return  home,  at  the  close  of  his  collegi 
ate  course,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
law  with  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
lawyers  of  Savannah  ;  but  his  father 
having  died  a  few  months  afterwards, 
he  left,  by  the  advice  of  his  friends,  to 
prosecute  his  studies  at  the  North.  On 
his  return  home,  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  also  took 
much  interest  in  politics.  After  three 
or  four  years,  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly,  as  an  oppo 
nent  of  the  "relief  law,"  which  had 
created  much  feeling  throughout  the 
State.  He  was  re-elected  the  following 
year,  but  declined  being  a  candidate  the 
third  time.  He  was  next  Mayor  of  the 
city.  On  his  resignation  of  that  office, 
he  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  and  served  for  five  years  and  a 
half.  He  was  then  elected  a  member 
of  Congress,  in  the  session  of  1829-30. 
He  took  a  prominent  position  in  the 
House  as  a  debater,  and  also  proved 
himself  a  good  business  member  on 
various  committees.  He  was  a  sup 
porter  of  President  Jackson,  by  whom 
he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  on  the  bench 


of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in 
1835.  He  has  proved  himself  a  sound 
and  accomplished  jurist.  He  has  espe 
cially  devoted  his  attention  to  the  sub 
ject  of  admiralty  jurisprudence,  and  his 
opinion  on  points  connected  with  that 
subject  are  everywhere  cited  as  high 
authority. 

Weakley,  Robert. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1809  to  1811,  and  in  1819  was 
appointed  United  States  Commissioner 
to  treat  with  the  Chickasaws. 

Webster,  Daniel. — Born    in    the 

town  of  Salisbury,  New  Hampshire, 
January  18,  1782.  His  opportunities 
for  education  were  very  deficient,  and 
he  was  indebted  for  his  earliest  instruc 
tion  to  his  mother.  For  a  few  months 
only,  in  1796,  he  enjoyed  the  advan 
tages  of  Phillips 's  Exeter  Academy  ; 
here  his  education  for  college  com 
menced,  and  it  was  completed  at  Bos- 
cawen.  He  entered  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1797,  and  graduated  in  1801. 
Soon  after  he  engaged  in  professional 
studies,  first  in  his  native  village,  and 
afterwards  at  Fryeburg,  in  Maine, 
where,  at  the  same  time,  he  had  the 
charge  of  an  academy,  and  was  also  a  co 
pyist  in  the  office  of  the  Register  of  Deeds. 
Having  completed  his  studies  in  the 
office  of  Governor  Gore,  of  Boston,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Suffolk,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  the  year  1805.  He  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native 
State,  and  county ;  in  1807  he  removed 
to  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  and 
soon  became  engaged  in  a  respectable 
but  not  lucrative  practice.  In  1812  he 
was  chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  and  was  re- 
elected.  He  removed  to  Boston  in  1816, 
and  was  placed  at  once  beside  the  lead 
ers  of  the  Massachusetts  bar,  having 
already  appeared  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  at  Wash 
ington.  By  his  argument  in  the  Dart 
mouth  College  case,  carried  by  appeal 
to  Washington,  in  1817,  he  took  rank 
among  the  most  distinguished^  jurists 
in  the  country.  In  1820  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Convention  for  revis 
ing  the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts. 
He  was  offered,  about  this  time,  a  no 
mination  as  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  but  declined.  In  1822  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  the  city  of  Boston ;  he  took  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


391 


seat  in  December,  1823,  and  early  in  the 
session  made  his  celebrated  speech  on 
the  Greek  Revolution,  which  at  once 
established  his  reputation  as  one  of  the 
first  statesmen  of  the  age.  In  the  au 
tumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  re-elected. 
In  1826  he  was  again  elected,  and  under 
the  Presidency  of  Mr.  Adams,  he  was 
the  leader  of  the  friends  of  the  adminis 
tration,  first  in  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  afterwards  in  the  Senate, 
to  which  he  was  elected  in  1827.  His 
speech  on  the  Panama  Mission  was  made 
in  the  first  session  of  the  Nineteenth 
Congress.  When  the  tariif  law  of  1824 
was  "brought  forward  he  spoke  against 
it,  on  the  ground  of  expediency.  He 
remained  in  the  Senate  a  period  of 
twelve  years.  In  1830  he  made  what 
is  generally  regarded  the  ablest  of  his 
parliamentary  efforts,  his  second  speech 
in  reply  to  Colonel  Hayne,  of  South 
Carolina.  Mr.  Webster,  although  op 
posed  to  the  administration  of  General 
Jackson,  gave  it  a  cordial  support  in  its 
measures  for  the  defence  of  the  Union, 
in  1832  and  1833,  but  opposed  its  finan 
cial  system.  In  1839  he  made  a  short 
visit  to  Europe.  His  fame  had  preceded 
him,  and  he  was  received,  in  the  Old 
World,  with  the  attention  due  to  his 
character  and  talents,  at  the  French 
and  English  courts.  On  the  accession 
of  President  Harrison,  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State,  and  was  continued 
in  this  office  by  President  Tyler.  Presi 
dent  Tyler's  cabinet  was  broken  up  in 
1842,  but  Mr.  Webster  remained  in 
office  till  the  spring  of  1843,  being  desi 
rous  of  putting  some  other  matters, 
connected  with  our  foreign  relations, 
in  a  prosperous  train.  Mr.  Webster 
returned  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  in  1845,  and  he  remained  in  that 
body  until  1850,  when  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State,  by  President  Fill- 
more.  In  December,  1850,  the  famous 
Hiilsemann  letter  was  written.  In  1851 , 
by  his  judicious  management  of  theCuba 
question,  he  obtained  of  the  Spanish  Go 
vernment  the  pardon  of  the  followers  of 
Lopez,  who  had  been  deported  to  Spain. 
About  the  same  time  he  received  from 
the  English  Government  an  apology 
for  the  interference  of  a  British  cruiser 
with  an  American  steamer,  in  the  waters 
of  Nicaragua.  This  was  the  second 
time  that  the  British  Government  had 
made  a  similar  concession  at  the  in 
stance  of  Mr.  Webster.  The  first  was 
in  reference  to  the  destruction  of  the 


"Caroline,"  at  Schlosser.  He  paid 
much  attention  to  agriculture,  and  his 
residence,  when  not  engaged  in  public 
business  at  Washington,  was  either  at 
Marshfield,  in  Massachusetts,  or  the 
place  of  his  birth,  in  New  Hampshire. 
The  works  of  Mr.  Webster  were  pub 
lished  in  six  volumes,  with  a  biographi 
cal  memoir  by  Edward  Everett.  He 
died  October  23,  1852,  at  Marshfield  ; 
and  in  1857,  two  volumes  of  Mr.  Web 
ster's  private  correspondence  were 
published  by  his  son,  Fletcher  Webster, 
Esq. 

Webster,  Edwin    JT.  —  He   was 

born  in  Harford  County,  Maryland, 
March  31,  1829 ;  was  educated  at  Dick 
inson  College,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  Senate  from  1855  to  1859, 
serving  two  years  as  the  President  of 
that  body.  In  1856  he  was  chosen  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector.  His  term  in  Congress 
commenced  with  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  as  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land,  and  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Claims,  and  on  Public  Expen 
ditures.  For  a  time  he  rendered  the  State 
some  service  in  a  military  capacity,  and 
was  Colonel  of  a  Maryland  regiment. 
In  1863  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  of  Claims,  and  on  the  Militia. 

Webster,  Taylor. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  having  settled  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1839. 

Weeks,  John  W. — He  was  a  Coun 
ty  Sheriff  in  New  Hampshire  from  1820 
to  1825  ;  a  State  Senator  in  1827  and 
1828 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1829  to  1833; 
and  Judge  of  Probate  in  Coos  County 
in  1854. 


Weeks,  Joseph. — He  was  born  in 

Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1835  to  1839,  having   previously  v~~- 
for  two  years  Judge  of  the  Countv 
for  Cheshire  County. 


been 
County  Court 


Weems,  John  C. — He  was  born  in 
Calvert  County,  Maryland,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1826  to  1829. 


392 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Weightman,  Richard  Hanson. 

— Born  in  Maryland,  and  educated  at 
West  Point ;  was  a  Captain  in  the  Mis 
souri  battalion  of  light  artillery  volun 
teers  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  distin 
guished  himself  under  Colonel  Donophan 
in  the  battle  of  Sacramento ;  subsequent 
ly  held  the  position  of  additional  Pay 
master;  and  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  New  Mexico,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Welch,  John. — He  was  born  in  Jef 
ferson  County,  Ohio,  October,  28,  1805; 
was  educated  at  Franklin  College,  Ohio  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1833 ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  of  Ohio  in  1846  and  1847  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1851  to  1853.  He  was  subsequently  one 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

Welch,  William  TF.— He  was  born 
in  Norfolk,  Connecticut,  December  10, 
1818 ;  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  common  schools  and 
from  private  instructors,  and  having 
turned  his  attention  to  the  science  of 
medicine,  received  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  medical  institution  of  Yale 
College,  in  1838 ;  and,  excepting  when 
interrupted  by  his  public  duties,  has 
ever  been  a  practising  physician.  He 
has  twice  been  elected  to  the  House  of 
[Representatives,  and  twice  to  the  Senate 
of  Connecticut;  and  he  was  a  Represen 
tative,  from  that  State,  during  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  Congress. 

Wellborn,  M.  J. — Born  in  Georgia, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Wetter,  John  It. — He  was  born  in 
Ohio ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1845;  was 
the  first  United  States  Commissioner  to 
Mexico,  under  the  treaty  of  Guadalupe 
Hidalgo  ;  and  having  taken  up  his  resi 
dence  in  California,  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  in  1851,  for  a  long 
term ;  and  was  subsequently  elected  Go 
vernor  of  California.  In  December, 
1860,  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Mexi 
co  ;  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  in  1864. 

Welles,  William  H.  —  He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1799  to  1804,  when  he  resigned, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1817;  he  died 
March  11,  1829. 


Wells,  Alfred. — Born  in  Dagsboro, 
Sussex  County,  Delaware,  May  27, 1814; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and  set 
tled  at  Ithaca,  New  York  ;  and  in  1858 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Militia.  He  has  also  held  the 
positions  of  Deputy  Clerk,  District  At 
torney,  and  Judge  of  Tompkins  County, 
New  York. 

Wells,  Daniel,  Jr. — He  was  born 
in  Maine,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law.  In  1836  he  removed  to  "Wiscon 
sin,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 
He  subsequently  held  the  offices  of  Judge 
of  Probate  and  County  Judge,  and  died 
in  1858. 

Wells,  John. — He  was  born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Wells,  John  S. — He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
January  to  March,  in  1855,  by  executive 
appointment.  He  filled  many  local  of 
fices,  and  died  at  Exeter,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1860,  aged  fifty-six  years. 

Wendover,  Peter  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  York  City ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Assembly,  from  the  city  of 
New  York,  in  1804;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1815  to  1821. 

Wentworth,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Sandwich,  New  Hampshire,  March 
5,  1815.  He  received  an  academic  edu 
cation  ;  taught  school  for  a  while,  and 
having  entered  Dartmouth  College,  gra 
duated  in  1836.  Removing  soon  after 
wards  to  Illinois,  he  studied  law  and 
settled  in  Chicago,  where  he  has  ever 
since  been  connected  with  the  press,  and 
practised  his  profession,  excepting  when 
in  Congress,  his  service,  as  a  Represen 
tative,  having  extended  from  1843  to 
1855.  He  was  subsequently  twice  elected 
Mayor  of  Chicago. 

Wentworth,    Tappan.—B.e  was 

born  in  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  Feb 
ruary  24,  1802  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1853  to  1855.  He  followed  the  law 
as  a  profession,  and  was  President  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


393 


the  Common  Council  of  Lowell  in  1842 ; 
and  served  four  years  in  the  State  Senate. 

Westbroolc,  John. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Westbrook,  Theodoric  H. — He 

was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Westcott,  James  p.— He  was  born 
at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  in  May,  1802. 
He  removed  with  his  father  to  New 
Jersey,  and  was  at  an  early  age  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that 
State,  where  he  practised  his  profession 
until  1829  ;  and  he  afterwards  held,  for 
a  short  time,  a  position  in  the  Consular 
Bureau  of  the  State  Department  at 
Washington.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Secretary  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Florida,  and  held  the  office 
four  years,  performing  the  duties  of  the 
Governor  during  his  temporary  absence. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Le 
gislature  in  1832.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  the 
Middle  District  of  the  Territory,  which 
office  he  held  until  1836.  He  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  framing 
a  State  Constitution  in  1838  and  1839. 
On  the  admission  of  Florida  into  the 
Union  as  a  State,  in  1845,  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  served  until 
1849. 

Westerlo,  Rensselaer. — He  was 

born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1819. 

Wethercd,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

Whaley,  Killian  V. — Was  born 
in  Onondaga  County,  New  York,  May 
6,  1821.  While  yet  young,  he  removed 
with  his  father  to  Ohio,  and  received  a 
limited  education,  and  when  twenty-one 
years  old  he  settled  in  Western  Vir 
ginia,  devoting  himself  to  the  lumber 
and  mercantile  business.  When  the 
Rebellion  broke  out  he  took  the  Union 
side  of  the  question,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 


the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 
•He  afterwards  acted  as  an  aid  to  Go 
vernor  Pierpoint,  in  organizing  and 
equipping  regiments,  and  was  in  com 
mand  at  the  battle  of  Guyandotte,  when 
he  was  taken  prisoner,  in  November, 
1861.  After  travelling  with  his  captors 
sixty  miles  towards  Richmond,  he  made 
his  escape  at  night  when  surrounded 
with  guards,  and  after  six  days  and 
nights  spent  in  the  mountains,  suffering 
much  from  hunger,  fatigue,  and  cold, 
he  arrived  safely  at  Catlettsburg,  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  soon  able  to  resume  his 
seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agri 
culture.  He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Wliallon,  Heuben. — Born  in  New 
Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  died  in  Essex  County,  New 
York,  April  15,  1843,  aged  sixty-six 
years. 

Wharton,  Jesse. — He  represented 
the  State  of  Tennessee,  in  Congress, 
from  1807  to  1809,  and  was  a  United 
States  Senator  in  1814  and  1815.  He 
died  at  Nash  vile,  July  22,  1833. 

Wheaton,  Horace. — He  was  born 
in  New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Wheaton,  Laban. — He  was  born 
at  Marshfield,  Massachusetts,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1774.  He 
studied  both  theology  and  law.  He  was 
a  County  Judge,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1809  to  1817.  He  died 
at  Norton,  Massachusetts,  March  23, 
1846,  aged  ninety-two  years. 

Wheeler,  Ezra. — He  was  born  in 
Chenango  County,  New  York,  in  1820  ; 
emigrated  to  Berlin,  Wisconsin,  in  1849 ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  in  1852 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Wisconsin ;  in  1854  he  was  elected  to 
the  office  of  County  Judge,  holding  the 
same  for  eight  years;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Wisconsin,  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia. 


26 


394 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Wheeler,,  Grattan  If. — He  was  a 

native  of  New  York,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1831  to  1833.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  State  Assembly,  from  Steuben 
County,  for  four  years,  and  one  year  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate. 

Wheeler,  John.— Born  in  1823,  at 
Darby,  Connecticut ;  received  a  good 
commercial  education,  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty  entered  the  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  New  York  City ;  he  subsequently 
engaged  in  hotel' keeping,  which  he  fol 
lowed  at  the  time  of  his  election,  and 
during  his  service  as  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  having  been  a  Representative 
from  1853  to  1857. 

Wheeler,    William  A. — Born  in 

Malone,  Franklin  County,  New  York, 
in  1820 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law  ; 
in  1850  and  1851  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  in  1857  and  1858  to 
the  State  Senate  ;  and  in  1860  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 
He  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  the 
banking  business,  and  was  President  of 
the  Ogdensburg  and  Rouse  Point  Rail 
road  Company. 

Whipple,  Thomas. — He  was  born 
in  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts ; 
was  bred  a  physician,  and  served  the 
State  of  New  Hampshire,  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to  1829. 
He  died  at  Wentworth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  January  23,  1835,  aged  fifty  years. 

White ,  Addison. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

White,  Albert  S. — Was  born  in 
Blooming  Grove,  Orange  County,  New 
York,  October  24,  1803  ;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1822  ;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Newburg 
in  1825  ;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1829  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839  ;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1845  ;  during  his  service  in  Congress,  he 
was  instrumental  in  securing  grants  of 
land  for  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal ; 
and  after  leaving  Congress,  he  aban 
doned  politics  and  turned  his  attention 
to  the  railroad  business,  becoming  Presi 
dent  of  the  Wabash  and  Indianapolis, 


and  of  the  Lake  Erie,  Wabash  and  St. 
Louis  Companies.  Earlier  in  life  he 
was  for  five  years  Clerk  of  the  Indiana 
House  of  Representatives  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  For 
eign  Aifairs,  and  Chairman  of  a  Select 
Committee  on  Emancipation.  After 
leaving  Congress,  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to 
settle  certain  claims  against  the  Sioux 
Indians.  In  January,  1864  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  Indiana.  He  -died  in 
Stockwell,  Indiana,  September  4,  1864. 

White,  Alexander.  —  He  was  a 

Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1786  to  1788, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1789  to  1793,  and  distinguished  for  his 
eloquence  and  patriotism.  He  died  at 
Woodville,  Virginia,  in  1804,  aged  six 
ty-six  years. 

White,  Alexander. — He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  having  settled  in  Ala 
bama,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

White,  Allison. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  December  21,  1816;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ; 
studied  law,  and  practised  his  profes 
sion  for  twelve  years.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  the  Fif 
teenth  Congressional  District  of  that 
State,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  on  the  Public 
Buildings. 

White,  Bartow. — He  was  born  in 
Westchester  County,  New  York ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

White,  Benjamin. — He  was  born 
in  Maine  ;  a  farmer  by  occupation  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1844  to  1845.  During 
the  years  1841  and  1842  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Maine  Legislature. 

White,  Campbell  jP.— Was  born 
in  New  York  ;  for  many  years  a  pro 
minent  merchant  in  thut  city  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1829  to  1835.  He  also  took 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


395 


a  leading  part  in  the  New  York  Con 
vention  of  1846.  He  died  February  12, 
1859,  leaving  an  exalted  reputation  for 
abilities,  and  sterling  qualities  of  heart 
and  manners. 

White,  Chilton  A.—W&a  born  in 
Georgetown,  Brown  County,  Ohio,  Feb 
ruary,  1826  ;  studied  law  with  General 
Thomas  L.  Hamer,  under  whom  he 
served  one  year  as  a  private  soldier  in 
Mexico ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1848,  and  settled  in  his  native  town.  In 
1852  and  1853  he  was  the  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Brown  County ;  in  1859 
and  I860  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  but  before  the  expi 
ration  of  his  second  term,  he  was  elected 
a  Kepresentative,  from  Ohio,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Manufactures,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Post-office  Department. 

White.  David.— He  was  one  of  the 

Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  represented  that  State  in 
Congress,  from  1823  to  1825.  He  died 
in  Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  Feb 
ruary  17,  1835,  aged  fifty  years. 

White,  Edivard  D. — Governor  of 
Louisiana,  and  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1829  to 
1834,  and  again  from  1839  to  1843.  His 
popularity  was  great  and  well  deserved. 
He  died  in  New  Orleans,  April  18, 1847. 

White,  Francis. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
his  native  State,  from  1813  to  1815. 

White,   Hugh. — He  was  born  in 

New  York,  followed  the  plough  until 
he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1845  to  1851. 

White,  Hugh  Lawson. — He  was 

born  in  Iredell  County,  North  Carolina, 
October  30,  1773;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Knox  County,  Tennessee,  in 
1786 ;  volunteered  as  a  private  soldier 
during  the  Indian  hostilities  in  1792. 
In  1794  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and 
pursued  a  course  of  mathematical  stu 
dies,  and  then  went  to  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  studied  law.  He  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 


Knoxville,  in  1796.  In  1801  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  and  served  until  1807.  In 
1808  he  was  appointed  District  Attor 
ney,  and  in  1809  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate ;  he  again  served  six  years  in  the 
Supreme  Court  as  Judge,  and  in  1815 
was  chosen  President  of  the  State  Bank 
of  Tennessee.  In  1820  he  was  again  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  about 
that  time  was  appointed,  by  President 
Monroe,  a  Commissioner  to  adjust  the 
claims  of  our  citizens  against  Spain. 
He  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1825  to  1835,  and  from  1836  to 
1840,  serving  on  one  occasion  as  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  At  the 
election  for  President  of  the  United 
States,  in  1836,  he  received  all  the  votes 
(twenty-six)  of  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 
He  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate  in 
1839,  having  received  instructions  to 
vote  against  his  own  judgment.  Soon 
after  reaching  his  home,  in  Knoxville, 
he  died,  April  10,  1840. 

Wliite,  James. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1792  to  1794. 

White,  John. — He  was  born  in 
1805;  served  from  1835  to  1845,  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  and  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  during  the  Twen 
ty-seventh  Congress.  He  was  Judge  of 
the  Nineteenth  Judicial  District  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Richmond,  Kentucky,  by  suicide,  Sep 
tember  22,  1845.  His  talents  and  at 
tainments  were  of  a  high  order. 

Wliite,  Joseph  L. — Was  born  in 
Cherry  Valley,  New  York  ;  studied  law 
in  Utica,  and  settled  in  Indiana  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1841  to  1843.  After  leaving 
Congress,  he  settled  in  New  York  City, 
and  practised  his  profession  with  suc 
cess.  He  subsequently  entered  into  an 
India-rubber  speculation,  and  while  on 
a  business  visit  to  Nicaragua,  he  was 
shot  by  a  drunken  man,  from  the  effects 
of  which  he  died  in  January,  1861. 

White,  Joseph  M. — He  was  born 

in  Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory  of  Florida,  from  1823  to  1837, 
and  died  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Octo 
ber  18,  1839,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  bro 
ther.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and 


396 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


noted  for  his   eloquence   and   acquire 
ments. 

White,  Joseph  W.— Was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Guernsey  County,  Ohio, 
October  2,  1822  ;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1844 ;  in  1845  and  1847  he 
was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
his  native  county ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Mileage,  and  Expenditures 
in  the  Treasury  Department. 

WJiite,  Leonard. — Born  in  Haver- 
hill,  Massachusetts,  in  1767.  He  was  a 
fellow-student  of  John  Quincy  Adams, 
under  the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Shaw, 
of  Haverhill,  and  at  Harvard  they  were 
of  the  class  of  1787.  He  was  for  many 
years  Town  Clerk  and  Treasurer,  and 
represented  his  town  in  the  Legislature, 
and  his  district  in  Congress,  from  1811 
to  1813,  and  then  he  was  appointed 
Cashier  of  the  Merrimack  Bank,  which 
office  he  held  until  the  infirmities  of  age 
obliged  him  to  retire.  He  died  in  Ha 
verhill,  October  10,  1849. 

White,  Fhineas. —  He  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1797,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  Re 
gister  of  Probate  for  Pomfret  County, 
from  1800  to  1809 ;  County  Attorney  in 
1813 ;  served  eight  years  in  the  two 
branches  of  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
died  in  1847,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
He  was  born  in  Hampshire  County, 
Massachusetts. 

White,  Samuel. — "Was  a  United 
States  Senator,  from  Delaware,  from 
1801  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  November  4, 
1809,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 

Whitecomb,  James. — Was  born 
in  1795.  He  removed  with  his  father 
to  Ohio,  in  1806  ;  had  a  country  school 
education,  and  prepared  himself  for  col 
lege  by  teaching  school,  and  graduated 
at  Transylvania  University  with  the 
highest  honors.  He  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  practice  in  Bloomington,  In 
diana,  in  1824.  In  1826  he  was  ap 
pointed  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  in 
1830  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  and  served  five  years.  He  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  in  1836 ;  and  in  1841  return 


ed  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana.  In  1843  he  was 
chosen  Governor  of  the  State,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1846.  He  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  in  1849, 
which  position  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  New  York,  October 
4,  1852.  He  was  much  interested  in  the 
American  Bible  Society,  of  which  asso 
ciation  he  was  Vice-President. 

Whitehill,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1813  to  1814.  Jle  was 
also  Judge  of  a  County  Court,  and  a 
General  of  militia.  Died  at  Strasburg, 
Pennsylvania,  March  5, 1822,  at  a  very 
advanced  age. 

Whitehill,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Whitehill,   Robert.  —  He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1805  to  1813,  the  year  in 
which  he  died. 

Whiteley,  William  G.— Born  in 
Newark,  New  Castle  County,  Delaware ; 
graduated  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton, 
in  1838.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee. 

Whiteside,  Jenkins. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1809  to  1811,  and  died  September 
24,  1822. 

Whiteside,  John. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Whitfield,  J.  JF.— He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  was  a  Delegate,  from 
the  Territory  of  Kansas,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Whitman,  Ezekiel.—Eorn  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Massachusetts,  March  11, 
1776  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1795  ;  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Maine  in  1798  ;  he  was  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  also 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine,  pre 
siding  as  such  for  twenty-five  years ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


397 


and  was  a  Keprescntative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1809  to  1811, 
and  from  1817  to  1821 ;  and  was  a  Re- 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Maine 
in  1815  and  1816,  and  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  form  a  Constitution  in 
1819.  He  is  still  living  in  the  enjoy 
ment  of  a  happy  old  age. 

Whitm-an,  Lemuel. — He  was    a 

graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1800 ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1823  to  1824  ;  and  died  at 
Farmington,  November  18,  1841. 

Whitney,  Thomas  It. — He  was 

born  in  New  York  City  in  1804 ;  served 
two  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1855  to  1857. 
He  devoted  much  of  his  life  to  literary 
pursuits,  having  been  at  one  time  editor 
of  the  New  York  Sunday  News,  and 
was  the  author  of  a  poem  called  the 
"Ambuscade,"  and  a  political  work  en 
titled  "The  American  Policy  Vindi 
cated."  He  died  April  12,  1858. 

Whittemore,  Elias. — He  was  born 
in  Rockingham  County,  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825  to 
1827. 

Whittlesey,,  Elisha. — He  was  born 
in  Washington,  Connecticut,  October 
19,  1783  ;  he  spent  a  part  of  his  boyhood 
on  a  farm  ;  received  an  academical  edu 
cation  ;  studied  law ;  and  in  1806  re 
moved  to  the  Western  Reserve  of  Ohio, 
from  which  district  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1839. 
He  served  in  the  war  of  1812  as  aide-de 
camp  to  General  E.  Wadsworth ;  was 
for  sixteen  years  a  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  ;  and  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1820  and  1821.  He  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Harrison  Auditor 
for  the  Post-office  Department,  and,  by 
President  Taylor,  was  appointed  First 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  which 
office  he  continued  to  hold  until  the  ac 
cession  of  President  Buchanan.  He  was 
reappointed  to  the  same  position  by 
President  Lincoln  in  1861. 

Wliittlesey,  Frederick. — He  was 

born  in  Washington,  Connecticut,  in 
June,  1799 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 


in  1818 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Utica,  New  York,  in  1821  ; 
settled  in  Rochester  in  1822  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1831  to 
1835;  in  1839  he  was  chosen  Vice-Chan- 
cellor  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District  of 
New  York,  and  retained  the  office  eight 
years ;  he  was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  State  ;  and  in  1850 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Law  in  Ge- 
nesee  College.  He  died  in  Rochester, 
New  York,  September  19,  1851. 

Whittlesey,  Thomas  T.— He  was 

born  in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1817 ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1836  to  1839. 

Whittlesey,  W.  A.— He  was  born 
in  Connecticut ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  ;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  prac 
tice  in  Ohio  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Wick,  William  W.— Born  in  Ca- 
nonsburg,  Washington  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  February  23,  1796.  He  re 
ceived  a  classical  education,  and  was 
pursuing  a  collegiate  course  when  the 
death  of  his  father  threw  him  upon  his 
own  resources  ;  he  then  followed  the 
occupation  of  a  teacher,  and  devoted  his 
leisure  hours  to  the  study  of  medicine 
until  1818,  when  he  was  induced  to 
adopt  the  law  as  his  profession,  and  pro 
secuted  his  studies  with  the  Hon.  Tho 
mas  Corwin,  and  located,  for  practice, 
in  Fayette  County,  Indiana,  in  1820. 
He  was  that  year  Assistant  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  in  1821 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate. 
In  1822  he  was  chosen  President  Judge 
of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit,  and  in 
1825  became  Secretary  of  State ;  in  1829 
he  was  Attorney  for  the  State  in  the 
same  circuit,  from  which  office  he  re 
tired  in  1831,  and  was  again  President 
Judge  for  three  years ;  in  1839  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  again  in  1845  and  1847 ;  in  1850  he 
was  again  chosen  President  Judge,  and 
from  1853  to  1857  Postmaster  at  In 
dianapolis.  He  has  served  in  the  militia 
of  the  State  as  Brigadier-General,  Quar 
termaster,  and  Adjutant-General.  In 
1857  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  legal 
profession. 

Wickes,  Eliphalet. — He  was  a  Re- 


398 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


preservative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1805  to  1807. 

Wickliffe,  Charles  A.— He  was 

born  in  Bardstown,  Kentucky,  June  8, 
1788;  was  educated  at  the  Bardstown 
grammar  school ;  studied  law,  and  at 
tained  a  high  position  at  the  bar.  In 
1812  he  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Winlock,  and  during  the  same 
year  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  re-elected  in  1813.  He  was  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames  as  aid  to  Ge 
neral  Caldwell,  after  which  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  elected  to  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  in  1823,  and  to  which  he  was 
four  times  re-elected.  He  was  for  several 
sessions  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands.  On  his  retirement  from 
Congress,  in  1833,  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  in 
1834;  in  1836  he  was  elected  Lieute 
nant-Go  ver  nor  of  Kentucky ;  on  the 
death  of  Governor  Clark,  in  1839,  he 
became  Acting  Governor,  and  in  1841 
was  appointed  Postmaster-General  by 
President  Tyler.  In  1845  he  was  sent 
by  President  Polk  on  a  secret  mission  to 
Texas,  to  look  after  annexation ;  in  1849 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
called  to  revise  the  State  Constitution ; 
and  in  1861  he  once  again  became  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  having  previously  occupied  a 
seat  in  the  Peace  Convention  of  Febru 
ary  in  that  year,  and  served  to  the  close 
of  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  of  1864. 

Widgery,    William. — He   was    a 

Lieutenant  of  a  privateer  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  war ;  served  in  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  in  1789,  1791,  1793, 
1794,  and  1797;  a  State  Councillor  in 
1806  and  1807 ;  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  from  1813  to  1822 ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  1813.  He 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1753,  and 
died  in  Boston,  August  7,  1822. 

Wiyfall,  Lewis  T.— He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Texas,  from 
1859  until  that  State  seceded,  when  he 
became  identified  with  the  Great  Rebel 
lion  as  a  Brigadier-General.  Refused 
all  appeals  for  information.  Was  ex 
pelled  from  the  Senate  in  July,  1861. 


Wilbur,  Isaac. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Isl 
and,  from  1807  to  1809. 

Wilcooc,  Jednthun. — Born  in  New 
Hampshire,  in  1769,  and  died  at  Orford, 
in  the  same  State,  in  July,  1838.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

Wilcox,  JTohn  A. — He  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  on  removing  to 
Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Wilcox,  Leonard. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  Hampshire ;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1817;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature ;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court ;  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  during  the  years  1842  and  1843. 
He  died  in  1850,  aged  fifty  years. 

Wilde,  Hichard  Henry.  —  He 

was  born  in  the  city  of  Dublin,  Sep 
tember  24,  1789.  His  childhood  was 
passed  in  Baltimore.  His  father  having 
died,  he  obtained  the  rudiments  of  learn 
ing  from  his  mother  and  a  private  tutor, 
and  in  his  eleventh  year  was  placed  as 
a  clerk  in  a  store;  in  1802  he  went  with 
his  mother  to  Augusta,  Georgia,  and 
the  twain  obtained  a  living  by  mer 
chandizing,  in  a  small  way,  the  boy 
devoting  all  his  leisure  to  books.  Under 
many  difficulties  he  studied  law,  and 
practised  with  success  ;  also  devoted 
himself  to  polite  literature ;  as  an  ad 
vocate  he  rose  to  eminence ;  was  made 
Attorney-General  of  Georgia ;  and,  in 
1815,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State ;  was  re-elected 
in  1823,  and  again  in  1827,  serving  with 
marked  ability  until  1835.  After  leav 
ing.  Congress  he  visited  Europe,  and  on 
his  return  devoted  himself  to  literature, 
politics,  and  law.  In  1843  he  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  where  he  added  to  his 
reputation  as  a  lawyer,  and  was  elected 
Professor  of  Constitutional  Law  in  the 
University  of  Louisiana.  He  died  in 
New  Orleans,  September  10,  1847,  leav 
ing  a  reputation  composed  of  the  ele 
ments  of  the  statesman,  the  orator,  and 
the  poet.  One  of  his  lyrics,  entitled 
"My  Life  is  Like  a  Summer  Rose," 
attracted  the  praise  of  Lord  Byron. 
His  literary  productions  were  quite  nu 
merous,  and  they  all  bear  the  impress 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


399 


of  a  gifted  and  highly  educated  mind. 
His  principal  work  was  a  "  Life  of 
Tasso,"  which  evinced  his  familiarity 
with  Italian  literature,  and  gave  him  a 
rank  among  the  best  scholars. 

Wilder,  A.  Carter. — He  was  born 
in  Mendon,  Worcester  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  18,  1828;  in  1850  re 
moved  to  Kochester,  New  York,  and  in 
1857  to  Kansas,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  ;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1860,  and 
in  1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Kansas,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  Affairs.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864. 

Wildman,    Zalmon.  —  He    was 

from  Danbury,  Connecticut,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1836.  He 
died  at  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  December  10,  1835,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term. 

Wildrick,  Isaac. — He  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

Wiley,  James  S. — He  was  born  in 
Maine  ;  graduated  at  Waterville  Col 
lege  in  1836  ;  studied  law,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1847  to  1849. 

Wilkin,  James  W.— Born  in  1762 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  York  in  1800,  and  held  many 
other  places  in  the  gift  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1815  to  1819.  He  died 
at  Goshen,  New  York,  February  23, 
1845. 

Wilkin,  Samuel  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  York  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1812,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1831  to  1833 ;  having  been  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Orange  County,  in  1824 
and  1825. 

Wilkins,  William.— He  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1831  to  1834 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1844 ;  Secretary 
of  War,  from  1844  to  1845,  under  Pre 
sident  Tyler;  and  was  appointed  Ame 


rican  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Rus 
sia  in  1834. 

Wilkinson,    Morton    S.  —  Was 

born  in  Skaneateles,  Onondaga  County, 
New  York,  January  22,  1819  ;  received 
an  academical  education ,  working  occa 
sionally  upon  his  father's  farm;  in  1837 
he  removed  to  Illinois,  and  was  em 
ployed  for  two  years  upon  the  railroad 
works  then  commenced  in  that  State ; 
returned  to  his  native  town,  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  after 
which  he  removed  to  the  West  again, 
and  settled  at  Eaton  Rapids,  in  Michi 
gan  ;  in  1847  he  settled  in  Minnesota, 
and  in  1849,  when  that  Territory  was 
organized,  he  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature,  and  the  laws  adopted  by  the 
Territory  as  its  code  were  of  his  draft 
ing  ;  and  in  1859  he  was  chosen  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Minnesota,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1865,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1864. 

Willey,  Calvin.  —  Born  at  East 
Haddam,  Connecticut,  September  15, 
1776  ;  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1798;  he  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  and  Senate  a  number  of 
years,  and  was  Postmaster  at  Stafford 
Springs  eight  years  ;  Judge  of  Probate 
for  seven  years ;  in  1824  he  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1825  to  1831.  He  died  at 
Stafford,  Connecticut,  August  23,  1858. 

Willey,  Waitman  T.— Was  born 
on  Buffalo  Creek,  Monongalia  County, 
Virginia,  October  18,  1811 ;  received  a 
common  school  education,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Madison  College  in  1831 ;  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1833  ;  in 
1841  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Monon 
galia  County  Court ;  subsequently  Clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  holding  the  two 
fourteen  years ;  in  1850  he  was  elected 
to  the  Convention  to  reform  the  Con 
stitution  of  Virginia ;  in  1853  he  de 
livered  a  series  of  lectures  on  Method 
ism,  took  part  in  various  local  societies, 
lectured  on  various  topics,  and  wrote 
for  the  reviews  ;  in  1858  he  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  National  Convention  of  that 
year ;  in  the  winter  of  1860-61  he  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Richmond  Conven 
tion  ;  and  in  1861  he  was  elected  by  the 


400 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


reorganized  Legislature  of  Virginia  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  and  at  the  close  of 
that  year  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Wheel 
ing  Constitutional  Convention  ;  and  in 
1863  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  West  Virginia,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  and 
on  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  1863 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Alleghany  College  of  Pennsyl 
vania. 

William,  Benjamin. — He  was  a 

native  of  North  Carolina,  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution,  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1793  to  1795.  He  also  served 
many  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  twice  elected  Governor  of  North 
Carolina,  in  1799  and  1807.  He  died  in 
Moore  County,  of  that  State. 

Williams,  Christopher  H. — He 

was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1843,  and  again  from  1849  to 
1853. 

Williams,  I>avid  J2.— He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1805  to  1809,  and  again 
from  1811  to  1813,  in  which  year  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Bri 
gadier-General.  He  was  also  Governor 
of  South  Carolina  from  1814  to  1816. 

Williams,  Henri/. — He  was  born 

in  Taunton,  Massachusetts,  in  Novem 
ber,  1804;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845.  He  was 
also  a  Senator  for  two  years,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  State  Legislature  for 
three  years. 

Williams,  Hezchiah. —  He   was 

born  in  Vermont ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1820 ;  studied  law ; 
was  Register  of  Probate  from  1824  to 
1838;  a  State  Senator  from  1839  to 
1841  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1845  to  1849. 
He  died  October  24,  1856,  aged  fifty- 
eight  years. 

Williams,  Isaac. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  New  York  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1814  to  1815,  and  from  1817  to  1819,  and 
again  from  1823  to  1825. 


Williams,  James  W. — While  on 
his  way  to  Washington,  December  2, 
1843,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis, 
while  in  his  carriage,  and  survived  the 
attack  but  a  short  time.  His  age  was 
about  fifty-five  years.  He  was  a  native 
of  Maryland,  and  was  for  many  years 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  that  State,  being  for  a  time  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Delegates.  In  May, 
1841,  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and 
•continued  a  member  of  that  body  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  As  a  faithful 
public  servant,  a  sagacious  statesman, 
and  an  upright  man,  he  commanded 
the  confidence  of  his  neighbors,  and  the 
esteem  and  respect  of  all  who  knew 
him. 

Williams,  Jared. — He  was  born 
in  Montgomery  County,  Maryland, 
March  4,  1766,  and  died  in  Frederick 
County,  Virginia,  January  2,  1831.  In 
1811  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Virginia,  and  served  a 
number  of  years  ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1819  to  1825.  In  1829  he  was  a 
Presidential  Elector,  voting  for  Gene 
ral  Jackson,  and  was  appointed,  by  the 
Electoral  College,  to  transmit  the  vote 
to  Washington.  When  not  in  public 
life,  he  was  devoted  to  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture. 

Williams,  Jared    W.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  Hampshire ;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1818 ;  settled  as  a 
lawyer  in  Lancaster  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1841 ;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1853  to  1854.  He  was 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1,847 
to  1849 ;  served  several  terms  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  died  in  Lancas 
ter,  New  Hampshire,  September  29, 
1864. 

Williams,  John. — He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Senate,  from  1777 
to  1779,  and  from  1783  to  1795,  from 
Washington  County  ;  of  the  Assembly, 
from  1781  to  1782;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1795  to  1799. 

Williams,  John. — He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1815  to  1823,  and  was  highly  respected 
for  his  talents  and  character.  He  died 
at  Knoxville,  August  7,  1837. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


401 


Williams,  John.— He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Williams,  Joseph  L.  —  He  was 

born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1843. 

Williams,  Lemuel.— He  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1765, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1799  to  1805. 
He  died  in  1827. 

Williams,  Lewis. — Born  in  Sur- 
ry  County,  North  Carolina ;  gradua 
ted  at  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina,  in  1808 ;  entered  the  House  of 
Commons,  of  his  native  State,  in  1813  ; 
was  re-elected  in  1814 ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1815  to 
1842,  where,  for  his  many  good  qualities 
and  his  long  service,  he  was  known  as 
the  "Father  of  the  House."  He  died 
in  Washington,  while  representing  his 
State  in  Congress,  February  23,  1842, 
aged  nearly  sixty  years.  He  was  for 
fifteen  years  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims. 

Williams,  Marmaduhe. — Born 
April  6, 1772,  in  Caswell  County,  North 
Carolina ;  he  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  and  served  as  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1803  to  1809.  In  1810  he  removed, 
with  his  family,  to  Madison  County, 
Alabama,  and  thence  to  Tuscaloosa,  in 
1818.  He  was  repeatedly  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  and  was  a  Delegate,  from 
Tuscaloosa  County,  to  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitution. 
Was  a  candidate  for  Governor,  but  de 
feated  by  William  W.  Bibb.  In  1826 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  adjust 
the  unsettled  accounts  between  Alabama 
and  Mississippi,  growing  out  of  their 
territorial  relationship.  In  1832  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  County  Court, 
which  office  he  held  until  April,  1842, 
when  he  resigned,  having  attained  the 
age  of  seventy,  which  the  Constitution 
declares  a  disqualification  for  the  bench. 
He  died  in  Tuscaloosa,  October  29,  1850. 

Williams,  Nathan. — He  was  born 
in  New  York ;  served  in  the  State  As 
sembly,  from  Onondaga,  in  1816,  1817, 
and  1818 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 


Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807. 

Williams,  Renel. — Born  in  Hal- 
lowell  (now  Augusta),  Maine,  June  2, 
1783 ;  had  an  academic  education,  and 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession..  He  was  a 
Representative  and  Senator  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  Maine  for  twelve  years,  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1843. 
He  received  from  Bowdoin  College  the 
degree  of  LL.D.,  and  was  a  Trustee  of 
that  institution.  He  was  also  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1836.  Died  at  Au 
gusta  in  1862. 

Williams,  Robert. — He  was  born 
in  Caswell  County,  North  Carolina,  and 
bred  to  the  law.  He  was  the  brother  of 
Marmaduke  Williams,  and  distinguish 
ed  for  his  attainments  ;  was  an  Adjutant- 
General  of  North  Carolina;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1797  to  1803,  and  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  Land  Titles  in  Missis 
sippi  Territory  in  1803.  He  was  also 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Mississippi, 
from  1805  to  1809.  He  emigrated  to 
Tennessee  toward  the  close  of  his  life, 
and  died  in  Louisiana. 

Williams,  Sherrod. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1841. 

Williams,  Thomas.  —  Was  born 

in  Greensburg,  Westmoreland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  August  28,  1806 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1825 ;  stu 
died  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1828 ; 
settled  in  Pittsburg,  from  which  place 
he  was  sent,  as  Senator,  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1838  and  the  three  following 
years  ;  in  1860  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
lower  House  of  the  Legislature ;  and  in 
1862  he  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary. 

Williams,  Thomas  Hill.— Was 

a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and  read 
law,  but  relinquished  the  profession  for 
a  clerkship  in  the  War  Department  at 
Washington.  In  1805  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jefferson,  Register  of  the 
Land  Office,  and  Commissioner  for  de 
ciding  Land  Claims  in  the  Territory  of 
Mississippi ;  he  subsequently  held  the 
office  for  a  few  years  of  Collector  at 


402 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


New  Orleans ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1817 
to  1831.  Late  in  life  he  removed  to 
Tennessee,  and  there  died. 

Williams,  Thomas  H. — He  emi 
grated  to  the  northern  part  of  Mississip 
pi  soon  after  the  cession  of  Indian  ter 
ritory  in  that  quarter,  and  held  the  office 
of  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Missis 
sippi,  during  the  years  1838  and  1839, 
by  executive  appointment. 

Williams,  Thomas  Scott. — Born 
at  Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  June  26, 
1777;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1794 ;  studied  law  at  Litchfield  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Windham  Coun 
ty,  in  1799,  and  commenced  practice  at 
Mansfield,  whence  he  removed  to  Hart 
ford  in  1803.  In  1809  he  was  appointed 
Attorney  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
the  School  Fund.  He  represented  the 
town  of  Hartford  in  the  General  Assem 
bly  for  seven  terms,  from  1813  to  1829 ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1817  to 
1819.  In  1829  he  was  appointed  an 
Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Errors,  and  in  1834  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  ;  and  in  the  same  year  he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale 
College.  He  was  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Hartford,  from  1831  to  1835.  In  1847 
he  resigned  his  position  as  Chief  Justice, 
his  term  having  expired  by  constitu 
tional  limitation.  He  was  for  twenty 
years  President  of  the  American  Asy 
lum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  Vice- 
President  for  a  long  time  of  the  Insane 
Ketrcat  at  Hartford,  and  of  the  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions,  and  subsequently 
President  of  the  American  Tract  Socie 
ty.  He  lived  in  retirement  at  Hartford, 
until  December  15,  1861,  when  he  died, 
leaving  a  much-loved  name  for  his  be 
nevolence. 

Williams,  Thomas  W. — Born  in 
Stonington,  Connecticut,  September  28, 
1790  ;  was  educated  at  Plainfield  and 
Stonington  Academies ;  received  a  com 
mercial  education  in  New  York  City, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness  at  New  London,  Connecticut,  since 
1809.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1839  to  1843  ;  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1846 ;  and  chosen  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1848. 

Williamson,  Hugh.  —  Born    in 


Pennsylvania,  December  5,  1735,  and 
died  suddenly,  May  22,  1819.  He  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylva 
nia  in  1 757 ;  studied  divinity,  and  preach 
ed  two  years ;  in  1760  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  resigned  in 
1764,  and  went  to  Edinburgh  to  study 
medicine;  on  his  return,  in  1772,  settled 
in  practice  in  his  profession  in  Philadel 
phia  ;  he  again  visited  Europe,  and  had 
much  to  do  with  matters  connected  with 
the  Revolution ;  he  subsequently  en 
gaged  in  commercial  pursuits,  and-  an 
accident  took  him  to  Edenton,  North 
Carolina.  "With  that  State  he  was  long 
and  honorably  identified.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  House  of  Com 
mons  ;  also  for  three  years  in  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  1790 
to  1793.  In  1811  he  published  a  work 
on  the  Climate  of  America ;  in  1812  a 
History  of  North  Carolina  ;  and  he  was 
associated  with  De  Witt  Clinton,  in 
1814,  in  forming  the  Literary  and  Philo 
sophical  Society  of  New  York.  He  en 
joyed  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  him, 
and  died  universally  lamented. 

Williamson,  William  D. — Born 
in  Canterbury,  Connecticut,  July  31, 
1779  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1804 ;  studied  and  adopted  the  law  as 
a  profession,  commencing  practice,  in 
1807,  at  Bangor;  he  was  for  seven  years 
in  the  Senate  of  Massachusetts,  before 
the  separation  of  Maine  ;  also  a  Senator 
in  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1821 ;  part 
of  that  year  Acting  Governor  of  Maine  ; 
a  member  of  Congress  from  1821  to  1823 ; 
Judge  of  Probate  from  1827  to  1840; 
and  a  Bank  Commissioner  from  1838  to 
1841.  He  was  the  author,  also,  of  a  His 
tory  of  Maine.  Died  at  Bangor,  May 
27,  1846. 

Willis,  Francis. — He  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  Virginia,  January  5, 
1825 ;  received  a  good  education  ;  and, 
removing  to  Georgia  in  1784,  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1791  to  1793.  In  1811  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Tennessee,  and 
led  the  life  of  a  retired  gentleman.  He 
died  in  Maury  County,  Tennessee,  Ja 
nuary  25,  1829. 

Willouyhby,   Wcstel.—He  was  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


403 


Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1816  to  1817. 

Wilmot,  David. — Born  at  Betha 
ny,  Wayne  County,  Pennsylvania,  Ja 
nuary  20,  1814,  He  was  educated  at 
Bethany  Academy,  and  at  Aurora,  Ca- 
yuga  County,  New  York;  read  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834;  he  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1845  to 
1851 ;  and  subsequently  President  Judge 
of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  which  position  he  re 
signed,  but  to  which  he  was  re-elected. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  slavery  proviso 
which  caused  some  excitement  in  Con 
gress  when  he  was  a  member.  In  1860 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  on  Claims,  and  on  Pensions.  He 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861.  In  1863  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Claims. 

Wilson,,  Alexander. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1804  to  1809. 

Wilson,  Edgar  C. — He  was  a  na 
tive  of  Virginia,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1835.  Died  at  Morgan- 
town,  Virginia,  in  May,  1860. 

Wilson,  E.  K.— He  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1789,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1827  to  1831. 

Wilson,  Henry. — He  was  born  in 
Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1823  to  1826.  Died  in 
Allentown,  Pennsylvania,  August  14, 
1826. 

Wilson,  Henry. — Born  February 
16,  1812,  in  Farmington,  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and 
when  twenty-one,  went  to  Natick,  Mas 
sachusetts,  where  he  learned  to  make 
shoes.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives, 
in  which  he  served  four  years,  and  then 
served  four  years  in  the  State  Senate,  of 
which  he  was  President  two  sessions. 
He  was  the  candidate  of  the  Free-soil 
party,  for  Congress,  in  1852,  and  was 
beaten  by  only  92  votes,  although  his 
party  was  in  a  minority  of  more  than 


7000.  In  1853  he  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention, 
and  he  has  taken  an  active  part  in  many 
of  the  political  conventions  held  since 
he  entered  public  life.  After  having 
been  defeated  as  the  Free-soil  candidate 
for  Governor  in  1853  and  1854,  he  was 
elected  in  1855  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  to  succeed  Edward  Everett,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1859.  From  1842  to 
1851  he  was  actively  connected  with  the 
militia  of  Massachusetts,  as  Major,  Co 
lonel,  and  Brigadier-General.  In  1861 
he  raised  the  Twenty-second  regiment 
of  Massachusetts  volunteers,  of  which 
he  was  made  Colonel,  and  after  joining 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  he  was 
made  a  member  of  General  McClellan's 
staff,  on  which  he  served  until  after 
the  meeting  of  Congress.  Since  the 
commencement  of  the  war  he  has  been 
Chairman  of  the  Senate  Committee 
on  Military  Affairs,  which  has  had  to 
pass  upon  thousands  of  military  appoint 
ments,  and  to  devise  important  mea 
sures  of  legislation.  In  1856  he  was 
challenged  by  Mr.  Brooks,  of  South 
Carolina,  for  pronouncing  his  assault 
upon  Mr.  Sumner,  "  murderous,  brutal, 
and  cowardly,"  but  he  replied,  that 
while  he  religiously  believed  in  the  right 
of  self-defence,  he  must  decline  to  ac 
cept  the  challenge,  believing  duelling 
to  be  not  only  a  violation  of  the  laws  of 
the  land,  but  the  relic  of  a  barbarous 
age. 

Wilson,  Isaac. — During  the  war  of 
1812  he  commanded  a  company  of  ca 
valry,  and  was  in  some  of  the  severest 
actions  on  the  Northern  frontier.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  New  York,  and  also  of 
the  Senate.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  in  1823,  and  at 
the  end  of  his  term,  his  seat  having  been 
successfully  contested  by  P.  Adams,  was 
appointed  first  Judge  of  Genesee  Coun 
ty,  and  held  it  until  his  removal  to  Ba- 
tavia,  Illinois,  where  he  died  October 
25,  1848. 

Wilson,  James. — Born  in  1757; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1789  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1809  to  1811.  He  died 
at  Keene,  New  Hampshire,  January  4, 
1839. 

Wilson,  James.— He    was    born 


404 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  York  County,  now  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  April  28,  1779 ;  received 
a  good  English  education  ;  in  his  four 
teenth  year  he  was  hound  to  learn  the 
trade  of  cabinet-maker,  in  Maryland  ; 
from  1811  to  1822  he  was  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace ;  and  was  a  Kepresentative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Eighteenth, 
Nineteenth,  and  Twentieth  Congresses, 
serving  chiefly  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims.  Soon  after  returning  to  pri 
vate  life,  he  was  again  elected  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  the  duties  of  which  office 
he  continued  to  fill  until  1859.  It  is 
said  of  him,  that  he  never  solicited  a 
vote  for  office,  nor  attended  a  political 
meeting  to  promote  his  own  advance 
ment. 

Wilson,  James. — He  was  horn  in 
New  Hampshire  ;  was  Speaker  of  the 
State  House  of  Eepresentatives  in  1828  ; 
and  in  the  Legislature  a  number  of 
years ;  practised  law  at  Keene ;  was  a 
General  of  militia  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1847  to  1849.  He  subsequently 
settled  in  California. 

Wilson,  James. — He  was  born  in 

Crawfordsville,  Montgomery  County, 
Indiana,  April  9,  1822;  graduated  at 
Wabash  College  in  1842 ;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1845;  went  to  Mexico  in 
1846  as  a  private  in  the  Indiana  Regi 
ment,  and  before  his  return  home  was 
promoted  to  the  office  of  Quartermas 
ter  ;  and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Indiana,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections.  He  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Af 
fairs. 

Wilson,  James  F. — Was  born  in 
Newark,  Ohio,  October  19,  1828;  re 
sided  there  until  1853,  when  he  removed 
to  Iowa  ;  in  1856  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution  ;  in  1857  he  was  appointed, 
by  the  Governor  of  the  State,  Assistant 
Commissioner  of  the  Des  Moines  River 
Improvement ;  in  1857  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  ;  in  1859  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  in  1861 
was  President  of  the  Senate  ;  'during 
that  year  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Iowa,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  S. 
R.  Curtis ;  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 


eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Wilson,  James  J. — Born  in  Es 
sex  County,  New  Jersey ;  for  many 
years  editor  of  the  True  American,  at 
Trenton ;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1815  to 
1821,  when  he  resigned  and  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Trenton,  New 
Jersey.  He  was  also,  for  many  years, 
Clerk  of  the  State  Assembly,  and  died 
July  28,  1824.  He  was  also  at  one  time 
Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  and  al 
ways  a  man  of  influence. 

Wilson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
.1777  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1799  ;  studied  law,  and  attained  a 
high  position  in  his  profession  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1813  to  1815,  and 
from  1817  to  1819.  He  died  at  Belfast, 
Maine,  July  9,  1848. 

Wilson,  John. — He  was  born  in 
York  District,  South  Carolina,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Wilson,  Nathan. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1808  to  1809. 

Wilson,  R. — He  was  elected  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  taking 
his  seat  in  1861,  and  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Wilson,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1811  to  1813.  Died  January  24, 
1826. 

Wilson,  Thomas. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1813  to  1817.  Died  at  Erie, 
October  4,  1824,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

Wilson,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1814  to  1819. 

Wilson,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Hillsborough  County,  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to  1827. 

Windom,  William. — Born  in  Bel- 
mont  County,  Ohio,  May  10,  1827  ;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education  ;  studied 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


405 


law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1850;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  Knox  County  in  1852  ;  removed 
to  Minnesota  in  1853,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands  ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Expenditures ;  and  also  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Aft'airs. 

Winfield,  Charles  H.— He    was 

born  in  Crawford,  Orange  County,  New 
York,  April  22,  1822 ;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1846 ;  he  was  for  six 
years  District  Attorney  for  Orange 
County,  from  1850  to  1856  ;  and  in  1862 
he  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims. 

Winy,  Austin  E. — He  was  born  in 
Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts;  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Michigan,  in  1832  ;  resided  at 
Monroe,  and  was  for  many  years  a 
leading  man  in  all  its  local  affairs.  He 
died  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  August  25, 
1849. 

Wingate,  Joseph  F.  —  He    was 

born  in  Massachusetts ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  in  1818 
and  1819  ;  Collector  of  Customs  at  Bath, 
Maine,  from  1820  to  1824 ;  member  of 
the  Maine  Legislature  in  1825  and  1826  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1827  to  1831. 

Wingate 9  Paine. — He  was  born  at 
Amesbury,  Massachusetts,  May  14, 
1739  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1759 ;  ordained  as  a  Congregational 
minister  at  Hampton  Falls,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1763  ;  and  afterwards  removed 
to  Stratham,  and  engaged  in  agricul 
tural  pursuits.  He  was  appointed  a 
member  of  Congress  under  the  Confede 
ration  in  1787  ;  after  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution,  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate,  in  1789, 
and  served  till  1793,  when  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress,  in 
1793,  serving  until  1795.  In  1798  he 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  con 
tinued  in  office  till  May,  1809,  when  he 


attained  the  age  of  seventy.  He  sur 
vived  all  others  who  were  members  of 
the  United  States  Senate  at  the  time  of 
his  taking  his  seat  in  that  body  upon 
its  first  organization ;  and  he  was  for 
some  years  the  oldest  graduate  of  his 
college.  He  was  a  man  of  talents  and 
extensive  information  ;  highly  esteemed 
and  respected  for  his  character,  and  his 
honorable  and  useful  life.  He  died  at 
Stratham,  New  Hampshire,  March  7, 
1838. 


Winsloiv,  Warren. — He  was  born 
in  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina,  Janu 
ary  1,  1810  ;  entered  Chapel  Hill  Uni 
versity,  and  graduated  in  1827  ;  having 
studied  law,  was  soon  afterwards  admit 
ted  to  the  bar.  In  1854  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  a  confi 
dential  agent  to  Madrid,  on  business 
connected  with  the  Black  Warrior  af 
fair  ;  during  his  absence  abroad  he  was 
nominated  for  the  Senate  of  North  Ca 
rolina,  was  elected  a  member  thereof, 
and  placed  in  the  chair  of  Speaker  ; 
while  in  that  position,  Governor  Reid 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  the  duties  of  Governor  devolved 
upon  and  were  performed  by  Mr.  Wins- 
low.  He  was  elected,  in  1855,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs  ;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Af 
fairs,  and  on  the  Library.  He  was 
offered,  by  President  Buchanan,  the 
mission  to  Sardinia,  but  declined.  He 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  in 
some  military  capacity. 

Winston,,  Joseph. — Born  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  1746.  In  1760  joined  a  com 
pany  of  rangers,  and  marched  to  the 
frontier  of  the  State  ;  in  a  battle  on  the 
Greenbrier,  was  twice  wounded,  and 
had  a  horse  killed  under  him ;  had  a 
pension  granted  to  him  by  the  Legisla 
ture,  for  his  gallantry  in  battle  ;  in  1766 
removed  to  North  Carolina ;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Revolution  ;  raised  a 
regiment,  and  marched  against  the  Che 
rokee  Indians  ;  was  appointed  a  Major 
in  1776,  and  had  various  actions  with 
the  forces  of  the  Tories ;  commanded 
the  right  wing  of  the  American  troops 
in  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain,  and 
for  his  bravery  had  a  sword  voted  to 
him  by  the  Legislature ;  was  elected  to 


406 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Congress  in  1792,  and  again  in  1803, 
and  served  till  1807. 

Winter,  Elisha  J. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Wintlirop,  Robert  C. — Born  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  May  12,  1809  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1828, 
arid  studied  law  with  Daniel  Webster. 
He  entered  the  Legislature  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1835,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  from  1838  to  1840 ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  from  1840  to  1842,  when 
he  resigned  on  account  of  domestic  cir 
cumstances,  but  was  re-elected  the  same 
year,  and  continued  in  that  body  until 
1850,  having  been  Speaker  during  the 
Congress  commencing  in  1847.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by 
the  resignation  of  Mr.  Webster,  and 
served  from  1850  to  1851.  He  was  Pre 
sident  of  the  Electoral  College  of  Mas 
sachusetts  which  voted  for  General 
Scott ;  and  was  President  of  the  His 
torical  Society  of  Massachusetts,  and 
other  literary  and  charitable  associa 
tions  ;  also  President  of  the  Commis 
sioners  chosen  by  the  City  of  Boston  for 
building  a  Public  Library.  He  de 
livered  the  Inaugural  of  the  Franklin 
Statue  in  1856,  and  also  that  of  the 
Washington  Monument  in  1848. 

Wise,  Henry  A. — Born  December 
3,  1806,  in  Drummondtown,  Accomac 
County,  Virginia;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College,  Pennsylvania,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Winchester,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1828  ;  the  same  year  removed 
to  Nashville,  Tennessee,  and  practised 
his  profession  for  two  years,  when,  from 
local  attachment,  he  returned  to  Acco 
mac,  and  became  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  from  1833  to  1843, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat  for  the  mis 
sion  to  Brazil,  which  post  he  occupied 
until  the  fall  of  1847.  In  1848  he  was 
one  of  the  Presidential  Electors  of  Vir 
ginia.  In  1850  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Reform  Convention  of  Virginia,  which 
adopted  the  present  Constitution  of  the 
State.  In  1852  he  was  again  Presiden 
tial  Elector ;  and  in  1855  was  elected 
Governor  of  Virginia,  which  office  he 
held  until  1860.  Served  in  the  Great 
Rebellion  as  a  Brigadier-General. 


Wither  ell,  James. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
during  the  years  1807  and  1808,  and 
was  in  the  latter  year  appointed  Fede 
ral  Judge  in  Michigan  Territory.  From 
1798  to  1803  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  ;  two  years  a  County 
Judge ;  and  a  State  Councillor  from 
1802  to  1807. 

Witherspoon,  Robert. — He  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1809  to  1811. 

Witte,  William  H. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  having  settled  in 
Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Wolf,   George. — He   was  born   in 

Allen  Township,  Northampton  County, 
Pennsylvania,  August  12,  1777.  After 
pursuing  a  course  of  classical  education 
in  his  own  county,  he  studied  law,  be 
came  eminent,  and  engaged  in  a  lucra 
tive  practice.  In  1814  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  his  native 
State ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1824 
to  1829 ;  Governor  of  that  State  from 
1829  to  1835;  in  1836  was  appointed 
First  Comptroller  of  the  United  States 
Treasury ;  and  subsequently  Collector 
of  Customs  for  Philadelphia,  in  which 
city  he  died  of  an  affection  of  the  heart, 
March  14,  1840. 

Wood,  Abiel. — He  was  a  distin 
guished  merchant  of  Wiscasset,  Massa 
chusetts,  and  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  1815. 
From  1807  to  1811,  and  in  1816,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature ;  a 
State  Councillor  in  1820  and  1821 ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1819.  He  died  at  Belfast, 
Maine,  November,  1834,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

Wood,  Amos  E. — Born  in  Jeffer 
son  County,  New  York,  in  1800;  he  re 
moved  with  his  father  in  1812  to  Por 
tage  County,  Ohio.  In  1833  he  settled 
permanently  in  Woodville,  Sandusky 
County  ;  he  twice  represented  his  dis 
trict  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legis 
lature,  and  once  for  a  term  of  two  years 
in  the  State  Senate ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1850  to  1852.  He  died  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  November  19,  1850. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


407 


Wood,  IZenjamin. — He  was  born 
in  Shelbyville,  Kentucky,  October  13, 
1820 ;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion  ;  has  acquired  some  reputation  as  a 
novelist ;  and  was  elected  a  Representa- 
tive,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress.  He  has  served 
on  the  Committees  on  Mileage,  and  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

Wood,   Bradford  JR.  — He   was 

born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Wood9  Fer-nando.—Born  in  Phi 
ladelphia  in  1812  ;  and  from  the  humble 
employment  of  a  segar  maker,  he  rose 
to  the  position  of  clerk  in  a  counting- 
house,  and  was  for  many  years  a  ship 
owner  and  successful  merchant  in  New 
York.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1841 
to  1843 ;  and  in  1854  was  elected  Mayor 
of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  re-elected 
to  that  office.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
for  a  second  time  a  Representative,  from 
New  York,  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands. 

Woodf  John. — Born  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1816 ;  was  educated  for  the 
counting-room,  in  which  he  had  an  ex 
perience  of  twenty-five  years,  devoting 
himself  chiefly  to  the  manufacture  of 
iron ;  and  never  held  any  public  posi 
tion  but  that  of  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-sixth-  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  to  which  he  was  elected  contrary 
to  his  wishes,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Expenditures. 

Woody  John  J. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1827  to  1829. 

Wood.  John  JMT. — He  was  born  in 
Minnisink,  Orange  County,  New  York, 
November  17,  1813 ;  received  a  good 
common  school  education  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Maine;  and 
has  for  years  been  occupied  as  a  con 
structor  of  railroads  and  other  public 
works.  He  was  elected  in  1854  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Maine,  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress ;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress ;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads. 


Woody  Silas. — He  was  born  in  Suf 
folk  County,  New  York ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1789 ;  was  the  au 
thor  of  a  History  of  Long  Island ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1819  to  1829.  He  died 
at  Huntington,  Suffolk  County,  Long 
Island,  March  2,  1847,  aged  seventy- 
eight  years. 

WoodbridaCy  F.  E. — He  was  born 
in  Vergennes,  Vermont,  August  29, 
1818;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1840;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1842 ;  served  three 
years  in  the  State  Legislature,  two  years 
in  the  State  Senate,  three  years  as  State 
Auditor ;  and  in  1863  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Vermont,  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Woodbridgey  William. — Born  in 
Norwich,  Connecticut,  August  20,  1780; 
and  his  father  becoming  one  of  the  ear 
liest  emigrants  to  the  Northwest  Ter 
ritory,  he  removed  to  Marietta  in  1791. 
He  received  his  earliest  education  in 
Connecticut ;  studied  law  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  in  Ohio,  in  1806.  In  1807  he  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  of  Ohio ;  in 
1808  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his 
county,  which  office  he  held  until  1814, 
and  during  the  same  period  he  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate.  In  1814 
he  received,  from  President  Madison, 
unexpectedly,  the  appointment  of  Sec 
retary  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan, 
and  removed  to  Detroit ;  and  in  1819 
he  was  elected  the  first  Delegate,  from 
Michigan,  to  Congress,  where  he  was 
very  active  in  promoting  the  interests 
of  his  constituents.  In  1828  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Michigan  Territory,  and  held  the  office 
four  years;  in  1835  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  called  to  form  a  State 
Constitution  ;  in  1837  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  of  Michigan  ;  in  1839 
he  was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State ; 
and  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1841  to  1847.  He  was  a  working  mem 
ber  on  many  important  committees,  and 
his  reports  and  speeches  were  numer 
ous  ;  and  Daniel  Webster,  in  a  note  to 
his  speech  in  defence  of  the  Ashburton 
Treaty,  attributed  to  Mr.  Woodbridge 
the  first  suggestion  that  was  ever  made 
to  him  for  inserting  in  that  treaty  a 
provision  for  the  surrender  of  fugitives, 


408 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


under  certain  circumstances,  upon  the 
demand  of  foreign  governments.  .For 
many  years  before  his  death  he  lived  in 
retirement  at  Detroit.  Died  October 
20,  1861. 

Woodbury,  Levi.— Born  in  Fran- 
cestown,  New  Hampshire,  December 
22,  1789  ;  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1809 ;  attended  the  Law 
School  at  Litchfield  ;  continued  to  study 
law  in  Boston,  Exeter,  and  Frances- 
town,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  in 
1812,  in  which  he  was  successful.  In 
1816  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
in  1819  settled  in  Portsmouth.  In  1823 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  was  Speaker  of  the  State  House 
of  Eepresentatives  in  1825 ;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1825  to  1831 ;  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy  by 
President  Jackson  in  1831  ;  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Treasury  Department,  as 
Secretary,  in  1834,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  and  served  until  1841  ;  he  was 
again  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1845,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Pre 
sident  Polk  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  He  was 
also  tendered  the  appointment  of  Minis 
ter  to  England,  but  declined  it.  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Dartmouth  College  and  the  Wesleyan 
University  of  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
member  of  various  literary  societies. 
He  died  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  September  7,  1851. 

Woodcock,  David. — He  was  born 
in  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly,  from  Seneca  County,  in  1814  and 
1815,  and  from  Tompkins  County,  in 
1826  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1821  to  1823,  and 
again  from  1827  to  1829. 

Woodruff,  George  C. — Was  born 
in  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  December  1, 
1805 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1825 ; 
studied  law  at  the  Litchfield  School,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1827 ;  he  was  for  four 
teen  years  Postmaster  of  Litchfield ;  was 
a  Clerk  and  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  President  for  years  of  a 
bank ;  Judge  of  Probate  for  several 
years;  and  in  1861  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Connecticut,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands. 


Woodruff,  John.  —  He  was  born 
in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  February  12, 
1826  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut 
Legislature  in  1854;  in  1855  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Connecticut,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  Post-oifice. 

Woodruff,  Thomas  M. — He  was 

a  resident  of  New  York  City,  a  furni 
ture  dealer  by  occupation,  a  member  of 
Congress  from  1845  to  1847,  and  died 
some  time  ago. 

Woods,  Henry. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1790  to  1803. 

Woods?  John. — He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Woods,  John. — He  was  born  in 
Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1794, 
and  removed  with  his  father  to  Ohio  in 
his  infancy.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1819,  settled  in  Hamilton  County, 
and  at  once  took  a  high  stand  in  his  pro 
fession.  In  1824  he  was  elected  to  Con 
gress,  and  served  two  terms.  In  1829 
he  became  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  "Hamilton  Intelligencer,"  and  so 
continued  until  1832,  when  he  returned 
to  his  profession,  which  he  successfully 
practised  until  1845,  when  he  was  elect 
ed  Auditor  of  the  State,  which  office  he 
held  for  two  terms.  While  Auditor,  he 
did  much  to  preserve  the  credit  of  the 
State.  He  died  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  July 
30,  1855. 

Woods,  William. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  a  member 
of  the  State  Assembly,  from  Steuben 
County,  in  1828. 

Woodson,  Samuel  U.  —  Born  in 

Jessamine  County,  Kentucky,  October 
24,  1815;  graduated  at  Centre  College, 
and  became  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  Missouri,  in  1855;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  General  Assembly, 
in  1853  and  1854  ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  theThirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  that  State,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


409 


gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  Affairs. 

Woodson,  Samuel  H. — He  was  a 

Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1820  to  1823,  having  been 
elected  the  first  time  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Henry  Clay,  and  re-elected  to 
the  next  Congress. 

Woodivard,  Joseph  A. — He  was 

born  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

Woodivard?  William. —  He  was  a 

Eepresentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Woodivorth,  James  H. — He  was 

born  December  4,  1804,  in  Greenwich, 
Washington  County,  New  York.  He 
lived  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one  years 
of  age ;  received  a  limited  education  at 
the  schools  in  the  vicinity,  and  removed 
toFabius,OnondagaCounty,NewYork; 
taught  a  village  school  for  a  few  months, 
and  then  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness.  In  1827  he  went  to  Erie  County, 
Pennsylvania,  residing  there  four  years, 
and  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  in 
1833.  In  1839  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  and  in  1842  was  a  member 
of  the  Lower  House.  From  1845  to 
1850  he  was  connected  with  the  city  go 
vernment  of  Chicago,  being  two  years 
Mayor.  He  was  a  Eepresentative,  from 
Illinois,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Woodworth,  William  W.  —  He 

was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Worcester,,  Samuel  T. — Born  in 

Hollis,  Hillsborough  County,  New 
Hampshire,  August  30,  1804;  graduated 
at  Cambridge  University  in  1830 ;  for 
two  years  he  was  a  Preceptor  at  the 
Weymouth  Academy,  Massachusetts; 
he  studied  law  at  Cambridge,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1834 ;  went  to  Ohio  that 
year,  and  settled  at  Norwalk,  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1848  and 
1849  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate ; 
in  1859  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  which  he  held  until 
elected  a  Kepresentative,  from  Ohio,  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Elections,  Accounts, 
and  Agriculture. 


27 


Word,,  Thomas  J. — He  was  a  Ke 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Missis 
sippi,  from  1838  to  1839. 

Worman,  Ludwig. — He  was  born 
in  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania  ;  and 
was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1820  to  1822.  Died 
in  1822. 

Wortendyke,  J.  R.—  Born  at 
Chestnut  Ridge,  in  the  Township  of 
Harrington,  Bergen  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  November  27,  1818 ;  graduated  at 
Kutgers  College  in  1839  ;  and  was  for 
several  years  teacher  of  the  classics  and 
mathematics.  He  commenced  the  study 
of  law  in  1849,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1852  ;  was  Alderman  of  Jersey 
City,  where  he  practised  law  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

Worthington,  J.  T.  jff.— He  was 

born  in  Maryland,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  again  from  1837 
to  1841. 

Worthington,  Thomas. — He  was 

born  in  Jefferson  County,  Virginia, 
about  1769 ;  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and 
settled  in  Ross  County  in  1798.  In 
1803  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention.  He  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1803 
to  1807,  and  again  from  1810  to  1814, 
when  he  resigned;  and  from  1814  to 
1818,  he  was  Governor  of  Ohio.  After 
his  retirement  from  that  office,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  first  Board 
of  Canal  Commissioners,  in  which  capa 
city  he  served  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1827. 

Worthington,  Thomas   C. — He 

was  born  in  Prince  George  County, 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1825  to 
1827.  Died  June  19,  1827. 

Wright,  Augustus  R.— Born  at 
Wrightsborough,  Columbia  County, 
Georgia,  June  16,  1813 ;  commenced 
his  education  at  a  grammar  school ; 
afterwards  entered  Franklin  College, 
but  left  in  the  latter  part  of  the  junior 
year  without  graduating.  He  is  a  law- 


410 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


yer  by  profession ;  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-nine,  was  elected  Circuit  Judge. 
He  resigned  before  the  expiration  of  the 
second  term,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Georgia,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Wright,  Daniel  B.— He  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1853 
to  1857. 

Wright,  George  H. — He  was  born 
in  Concord,  Massachusetts,  June  4, 1817 ; 
spent  seven  years  on  a  farm ;  settled  in 
Boston,  as  a  merchant,  in  1822 ;  was 
connected  with  the  Boston  Courier  for 
two  years,  from  1837,  after  which  he 
settled  in  Nantucket,  in  the  whaling 
business ;  went  to  California  in  1849  ; 
and  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  during  the  years  1850 
and  1851. 

Wright,  Hentlrick  B.— Born  in 
Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  April 
24,  1808;  graduated  at  Dickinson  Col 
lege  in  1829 ;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1831  ;  in  1834  he  was  ap 
pointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  for 
Luzerne  County ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1841  and  1842 ;  re- 
elected  in  1843,  and  made  Speaker  of 
the  House  ;  he  was  a  member  of  all  the 
National  Democratic  Conventions  be 
tween  1840  and  1860;  and  of  that  Con 
vention  which  nominated  Mr.  Polk  for 
President  he  was  the  President.  In 
1852  he  was  elected  a  Kepresentative, 
from  Pennsylvania,  to  the  Thirty-third 
Congress  ;  and  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  to  fill  the  va 
cancy  caused  by  the  death  of  George 
W.  Scranton,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

Wright,  John  C.— He  was  born  in 
1783 ;  attained  eminence  as  a  lawyer, 
and  early  rose  to  the  Supreme  Bench  of 
Ohio.  His  Law  Reports  are  a  part  of 
all  good  libraries  in  the  Western  States. 
He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1823  to  1829,  and  was 
for  many  years  the  owner  and  editor  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette.  He  took  an 
active  part,  as  Delegate  from  Ohio,  in 
the  Peace  Congress  of  February,  1861, 
but  died  in  Washington  before  the  ad 


journment  of  that  body,  on  the  13th  of 
that  month. 

Wright,  John  V. — Born  in  Mc- 

Nairy  County,  Tennessee,  June  28, 
1828  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was 
elected  a  Kepresentative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty -fifth  Congresses,  from 
his  native  State  ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions,  and  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Wright,  Joseph  A. — He  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  having  settled  in 
Indiana,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845  ;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  from 
1849  to  1857 ;  and  in  1857  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Minis 
ter  to  Prussia.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
serving  one  session  ;  and  in  1863  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Com 
missioner  to  attend  the  Hamburg  Ex 
hibition. 

Wright,  Robert.— He  was  born  in 
Kent  County,  Maryland  ;  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1801  to 
1806,  when  he  resigned;  at  one  time 
member  of  the  State  Executive  Council ; 
was  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1806 
to  1809 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1810  to  1817  ;  re- 
elected  for  the  term  from  1821  to  1823  ; 
and  died  September  7,  1826. 

Wright,  Samuel   G.  —  Born  in 

1787,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was 
a  member  elect  of  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey.  Died  near  Allentown,  New 
Jersey,  July  30,  1845. 

^  Wright,  Silas.— Was  born  at  Am- 
herst,  Massachusetts,  May  24, 1795.  He 
worked  upon  his  father's  farm,  in  Ver 
mont,  in  the  summer,  and  attended 
school  in  the  winter.  He  prepared  for 
and  entered  college  in  August,  1811, 
and  graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in 
1815.  He  read  law  in  Washington 
County,  New  York,  teaching  school 
one  or  two  winters  to  aid  in  defraying 
his  own  expenses.  In  1819,  he  settled, 
in  the  practice  of  the  law,  at  Canton, 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York,  where 
he  continued  his  residence  until  his 
death.  He  was  soon  made  a  Magistrate 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


411 


and  Postmaster  of  his  town,  and  Surro 
gate  of  his  county.  He  early  raised  a 
uniformed  militia  rifle  company,  of 
which  he  was  unanimously  chosen  Cap 
tain,  from  which  position  he  rose  to  be 
Colonel  of  a  rifle  regiment,  and  became 
a  Brigadier-General  of  infantry  in  1827. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
November,  1823,  and  served  until  March 
4,  1827,  when  he  resigned  that  oflice, 
having  been  elected  to  Congress  in  No 
vember,  1826.  He  took  his  seat  in  Con 
gress  in  December,  1827.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  November,  1828.  Having 
been  elected  State  Comptroller,  Janu 
ary  27,  1829,  he  resigned  his  seat  in 
Congress  before  serving  out  his  term. 
While  in  Congress,  he  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  tariff  in 
vestigations  arid  discussions  of  1828.  He 
served  as  Comptroller  from  the  time  of 
his  election  until  he  was  chosen  United 
States  Senator,  in  the  early  part  of 
January,  1833,  when  he  immediately 
took  his  seat  in  that  body.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  February,  1837,  and  again  in 
February,  1843,  and  continued  to  serve 
until  December,  1844,  when  he  resigned. 
In  November,  1844,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  New  York,  and  entered 
upon  his  duties,  January  1,  1845.  In 
1846  he  retired  to  private  life,  devoting 
himself  to  the  cultivation  of  his  farm, 
and  enjoying  the  society  of  his  early 
friends  and  neighbors.  On  August  27, 
1847,  he  died  suddenly,  at  his  residence 
in  Canton.  "While  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  he  served  most  of  his  time  on 
the  Committee  on  Finance,  and  intro 
duced  the  first  Sub-Treasury  bill,  which 
became  a  law.  President  Tyler  offered 
him  a  seat  upon  the  bench  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  which  he  declined.  By 
other  Presidents  he  was  offered  seats  in 
their  cabinets  and  missions  abroad,  all 
of  which  he  refused.  His  last  labor  for 
the  public  was  the  preparation  of  an  ad 
dress  for  the  State  Agricultural  Society, 
which,  having  been  finished,  was  read 
to  that  body  a  short  time  after  his  death, 
by  his  friend,  General  Dix.  He  appear 
ed  twice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  to  argue  cases  of  high 
importance,  and  established  in  that  tri 
bunal  a  high  reputation  as  a  lawyer. 

Wright,  William. — He  was  born 
in  Clarksville,  Kockland  County,  New 
York,  and  having  removed  to  New  Jer 
sey,  in  1794,  was  a  Representative  in 


Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847  ;  and  in  1853  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1859. 
He  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Engrossed  Bills,  and  of  that  on  the 
Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate.  In 
1863  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Lands,  and  Re 
volutionary  Claims. 

Wiirtz,  John. —  He  was  born  in 

Morris  County,  New  Jersey  ;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1813 ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1827.  Died 
in  Rome,  Italy,  April  23,  1861. 

WynJmop,  Henry.  —  He  was  a 

Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1779  to  1783,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1789  to  1791. 

Wynn,  Richard. — He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1793  to  1797,  and  again 
from  1802  to  1813. 

Wynn,  Thomas. — He  was  born, 
lived,  and  died,  in  Hertford  County, 
North  Carolina.  He  was  a  General  of 
militia  ;  a  planter  by  occupation ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  House  of  Com 
mons  and  Senate  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1802  to  1807. 
Died  June  3,  1825. 

Yancey,  William  L.  —  Born  at 

Ogeechee  Shoals,  Georgia,  August  10, 
1814  ;  received  a  good  education  in  the 
Northern  States  ;  studied  law,  and  prac 
tised  in  South  Carolina  ;  in  1837  he  set 
tled  in  Alabama,  and  edited  the  Cahawba 
Democrat  and  Wetumpka  Argus  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1844  to  1847.  Before 
entering  Congress,  he  had  served  in  the 
Alabama  Legislature,  and  since  that 
time  has  served  as  a  member  of  various 
political  conventions,  first  at  Baltimore 
in  1848,  then  at  Cincinnati  in  1856,  and 
at  Charleston  in  1860,  in  which  he  bore 
a  conspicuous  part.  He  subsequently 
visited  Europe  as  an  agent  of  the  South 
ern  States  during  the  Great  Rebellion 
of  1861 ;  also  held  several  other  appoint 
ments  and  positions  under  the  Confede 
rate  Government,  and  died  in  July, 
1863. 


412 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Yancy,  Bartlett. — He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  and  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina,  where  he  was, 
for  a  time,  a  tutor.  His  first  appear 
ance  in  public  life  was  as  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  in  1813, 
where  he  served  four  years  ;  he  served 
for  many  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  frequently  as  Speaker  of  the  House; 
and  his  position  as  a  lawyer  was  unsur 
passed.  He  died  in  Caswell  County, 
August  30,  1828. 

Yancy,  Joel. — He  was  a  Represen- 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1827  to  1831. 

Yates,  John  _B. — He  was  born  in 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1817,  and  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1836,  from  Ma 
dison  County. 

Yates,  Richard. — He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  from  1851  to 
1855  ;  and  in  1861  he  was  chosen  Go 
vernor  of  Illinois  for  four  years. 

Yeaman,    George  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  Hardin  County,  Kentucky,  No 
vember  1,  1829  ;  received  his  early  edu 
cation  under  many  diificulties  ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  his  twenty- 
third  year,  entering  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Owensboro,  Davies 
County,  Kentucky.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  Davies  County,  and 
from  that  time  until  1858  devoted  his 
whole  attention  to  the  law,  acquiring 
an  extensive  practice  in  the  Circuit 
Court  and  Court  of  Appeals.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky,  and  in  1862  he  was  engaged 
in  raising  a  regiment  for  the  Union 
service; 'but  when  J.  S.  Jackson  re 
signed  he  was  elected  as  his  successor  a 
Representative,  from  Kentucky,  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee. 

Yell,  Archibald. — He  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and,  removing  to  Arkansas, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1836  to  1839,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1845,  serving  only  until  1846. 
He  was  also  Governor  of  Arkansas  in 
1842  and  1844.  Died  February  23,  1847. 


Yorke,  Thomas  J. — He  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  was  a  candidate  for  election 
to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  and,  al 
though  he  came  with  the  Broad  Seal  of 
his  State,  he  was  not  admitted. 

Yost,  Jacob  S. — He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

Young,  Augustus.— KQ  was  born 
in  Arlington,  Vermont,  March  20,  1785, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  St.  Al- 
ban's  in  1810 ;  he  commenced  prac 
tice  at  Stowe,  and  in  about  eighteen 
months  removed  to  Craftsbury,  which 
town  he  represented  in  the  General  As 
sembly  during  eight  sessions.  He  was 
four  years  State's  Attorney  for  Orleans 
County,  and  Judge  of  Probate  in  1830. 
In  1836  he  was  chosen  State  Senator, 
and  was  twice  re-elected.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  declined 
a  re-election.  In  1847  he  removed  to 
St.  Alban's,  and  was  for  several  years 
Judge  of  Franklin  County  Court.  He 
subsequently  devoted  himself  to  literary 
and  scientific  pursuits,  and  being  a 
learned  geologist  and  mineralogist,  was 
appointed,  in  1856,  State  Naturalist. 
He  died  at  St.  Alban's,  June  17,  1857. 
He  was  highly  popular,  possessed  great 
talents,  and  his  scientific  books  and 
tracts  indicate  that  he  was  a  great  ma 
thematician  and  a  profound  reasoner. 

Young.  Bryan  R. — He  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

Young,  Ebenezer. — Born  in  Kil- 
lingly,  Connecticut,  in  1784,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1806.  In  1823 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
twice  re-elected  ;  he  was  also  two  years 
Speaker  of  the  House ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1829  to 
1835.  He  died  at  West  Killingly,  Au 
gust  18,  1851. 

Young,  <7o/m.— He  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1802  ;  when  quite  a  boy  he 
moved  with  his  father  to  Livingston 
County,  New  York,  and  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  at  Conesus ;  8tu- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


413 


died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1829;  was  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1831,  1844,  and  1845;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1841  to  1843  ;  Governor  of  the 
State,  from  1847  to  1849;  and  Assistant 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  in  New 
York  City,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  April  23,  1852. 

Young,  Richard  M. — He  was  a 

Senator  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  from 
1837  to  1843  ;  and  Clerk  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives  in  1850 
and  1851. 

Young,    Timothy  H.  —  He  was 

born  in  New  Hampshire  ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1835 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Illi 
nois,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Young,  William  S. — He  was  born 
in  Nelson  County,  Kentucky,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Yulee,  David  L. — He  was  born  in 
the  West  Indies,  of  Hebrew  extraction, 
in  1811,  but  when  quite  young  was  re 
moved  to  Virginia,  where  he  received 
the  rudiments  of  a  classical  education. 
He  emigrated  to  Florida  in  1824,  and 
though  he  studied  law,  he  divided  his 
time  between  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  and  the  pursuits  of  agriculture. 
He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Florida,  from  1841  to 
1845,  bearing  the  name  of  Levy,  and  as 


Yulee  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  State  Constitu 
tion,  and  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  in  1845,  where  he  continued  until 
1861,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads.  He  was  also  President  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  Railroad  in  Florida. 
Resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate  to  take 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861. 

Zollicoffer,  Felix  K.— Born  in 
Maury  County,  Tennessee,  May  19, 
1812,  and  received  an  academical  edu 
cation.  He  served  for  a  few  months  in 
a  printing-office,  and  in  1829  took  upon 
himself  the  management  of  a  newspaper 
at  Paris,  Tennessee.  In  1834  he  was 
editor  and  publisher  of  the  Columbian 
Observer,  in  the  same  State  ;  in  1835  he 
was  elected  State  printer,  and  re-elected 
in  1837 ;  in  1842  he  removed  to  Nash 
ville,  and  edited  the  Banner ;  in  1843 
he  was  elected  Comptroller  of  the  State 
Treasury,  and  was  re-elected  in  1845 
and  1847;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate ;  in  1850  was  a  contractor 
for  building  the  Suspension  Bridge  at 
Nashville ;  in  1851  and  1852,  again 
edited  the  Nashville  Banner,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  in  1853,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  in  the  same  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Territories. 
He  subsequently  joined  the  Great  Re 
bellion,  and  served  as  a  General  of  vo 
lunteers,  having  been  killed  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Somerset,  Kentucky.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 


APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


SUCCESSIVE  SESSIONS  OF  CONGRESS. 


STATEMENT 

Showing  the  Commencement  and  Termination  of  each  Session  of  Congress,  held  under 
the  Present  Constitution,  with  the  Number  of  Days  in  each. 


| 

g 

From 

To 

i 

•si 

1 

Number  of  Days 
in  each  Session. 

Where  held. 

1 

March      4,  1789 

Sept.       29,  1789 

13 

210 

New  York. 

2 

January  4,  1790 

August  12,  1790 

14 

221 

do. 

3 

Dec.         6,  1790 

March      3,  1791 

15 

88 

Philadelphia. 

2    / 

1 

Oct.        24,  1791 

May         8,  1792 

16 

197 

do. 

2    I 

2 

Nov.         5,  1792 

March      2,  1793 

17 

119 

do. 

0      / 

1 

Dec.          2,  1793 

June         9,  1794 

18 

190 

do. 

3  { 

2 

Nov.        3,  1794 

March      3,  1795 

19 

121 

do. 

4   / 

1 

Dec.          7,  1795 

June         1,  1796 

20 

177 

do. 

4   i 

2 

Dec.          5,  1796 

March      3,  1797 

21 

89 

do. 

f 

1 

May        15,  1797 

July        10,  1797 

21 

57 

do. 

5   \ 

2 

•Nov.       13,  1797 

July        16,  1798 

22 

246 

do. 

I 

3 

Dec.          3,  1798 

March      3,  1799 

23 

91 

do. 

ft   / 

1 

Dec.          2,  1799 

May        14,  1800 

24 

164 

do. 

6   i 

2 

Nov.       17,  1800 

March      3,  1801 

25 

107 

Washington. 

7    / 

1 

Dec.          7,  1801 

May          3,  1802 

26 

148 

do. 

7    1 

2 

Dec.          6,  1802 

March      8,  1803 

27 

88 

do. 

ft    / 

1 

Oct.         17,  1803 

March    27,  1804 

28 

163 

do. 

8    1 

2 

Nov.         5,  1804 

March      3,  1805 

29 

119 

do. 

Q    / 

1 

Dec.          2,  1805 

April      21,  1806 

30 

141 

do. 

'    1 

2 

Dec.          1,  1806 

March      3,  1807 

31 

93 

do. 

10    / 

1 

Oct.        26,  1807 

April      25,  1808 

32 

182 

do. 

10  | 

2 

Nov.         7,  1808 

March      3,  1809 

33 

117 

do. 

f 

1 

May        22,  1809 

June       28,  1809 

33 

38 

do. 

11   \ 

2 

Nov.       27,  1809 

May          1,  1810 

34 

156 

do. 

( 

3 

Dec.          3,  1810 

March      3,  1811 

35 

91 

do. 

12    / 

1 

Nov.         4,  1811 

July         6,  1812 

36 

245 

do. 

12   | 

2 

Nov.         2,  1812 

March      3,  1813 

37 

122 

do. 

f 

1 

May       24,  1813 

August     2,  1813 

37 

71 

do. 

13   J 

2 

Dec.         6,  1813 

April      18,  1814 

38 

134 

do. 

1 

3 

Sept.       19,  1814 

March      3,  1815 

39 

166 

do. 

418 


APPENDIX. 


Statement  of  the  Successive  Sessions  of  Congress — (Continued"). 


M 

1 

Session. 

From 

To 

Year  of  Indepen 
dence. 

Number  of  Days 
in  each  Session. 

Where  held. 

14  { 

1 

2 

Dec.    4,  1815 
Dec.    2,  1816 

April   30,  1816 
March   3,  1817 

40 

41 

148 

92 

Washington. 
do. 

-,r   f 

1 

Dec.    1,  1817 

April   30,  1818 

42 

141 

do. 

lo  { 

2 

Nov.   16,  1818 

March   3,  1819 

43 

108 

do. 

1«  / 

1 

Dec.    6,  1819 

May   15,  1820 

44 

162 

do. 

16  | 

2 

Nov.   13,  1820 

March   3,  1821 

45 

111 

do. 

17   / 

1 

Dec.    3,  1821 

May    8,  1822 

46 

157 

do. 

17  | 

2 

Dec.    2,  1822 

March   3,  1823 

47 

92 

do. 

18   f 

1 

Dec.    1,  1823 

May   27,  1824 

48 

178 

do. 

18  | 

2 

Dec.    6,  1824 

March   3,  1825 

49 

88 

do. 

1Q  / 

1 

Dec.    5,  1825 

May   22,  1826 

50 

169 

do. 

19  | 

2 

Dec.    4,  1826 

March   3,  1827 

51 

90 

do. 

OA   I 

1 

Dec.    3,  1827 

May   26,  1828 

52 

175 

do. 

20  | 

2 

Dec.    1,  1828 

March   3,  1829 

53 

93 

do. 

01   f 

1 

Dec.    7,  1829 

May   31,  1830 

54 

176 

do. 

21  | 

2 

Dec.    6,  1830 

March   3,  1831 

55 

88 

do. 

00    f 

1 

Dec.    5,  1831 

July   16,  1832 

56 

225 

do. 

22  | 

2 

Dec.    3,  1832 

March   3,  1833 

57 

91 

do. 

1 

Dec.    2,  1833 

June   30,  1834 

58 

211 

do. 

23  | 

2 

Dec.    1,  1834 

March   3,  1835 

59 

93 

do. 

OA    f 

1 

Dec.    7,  1835 

July    4,  1836 

60 

211 

do. 

24  | 

2 

Dec.    5,  1836 

March   3,  1837 

61 

89 

do. 

1 

Sept.    4,  1837 

October  16,  1837 

62 

43 

do. 

2 

Dec.    4,  1837 

July    9,  1838 

62 

218 

do. 

3 

Dec.    3,  1838 

March   3,  1839 

63 

91 

do. 

o«  f 

1 

Dec.    2,  1839 

July   21,  1840 

64 

233 

do. 

26  | 

2 

Dec.    7,  1840 

March   3,  1841 

65 

87 

do. 

1 

May   31,  1841 

Sept.   13,  1841 

65 

106 

do. 

2 

Dec.    6,  1841 

August  31,  1842 

66 

269 

do. 

3 

Dec.    5,  1842 

March   3,  1843 

67 

89 

do. 

1 

Dec.    4,  1843 

June   17,  1844 

68 

196 

do. 

28  | 

2 

Dec.    2,  1844 

March   3,  1845 

69 

92 

do. 

9Q   f 

1 

Dec.    1,  1845 

August  10,  1846 

70 

253 

do. 

29  | 

2 

Dec.    7,  1846 

March   3,  1847 

71 

87 

do. 

OA   1 

1 

Dec.    6,  1847 

August  14,  1848 

72 

254 

do. 

60  J 

2 

Dec.    4,  1848 

March   3,  1849 

73 

90 

do. 

01    f 

1 

Dec.    3,  1849 

Sept.   30,  1850 

74 

302 

do. 

31  | 

2 

Dec.    2,  1850 

March   3,  1851 

75 

92 

do. 

09  f 

1 

Dec.    1,  1851 

August  31,  1852 

76 

275 

do. 

32  j 

2 

Dec.    6,  1852 

March   3,  1853 

77 

88 

do. 

OO   } 

1 

Dec.    5,  1853 

August  7,  1854 

78 

246 

do. 

OO   < 

2 

Dec.    4,  1854 

March   3,  1855 

79 

90 

do. 

f 

1 

Dec.    3,  1855 

August  18,  1856 

80 

260 

do. 

34  J 

2 

August  21,  1856 

August  30,  1856 

81 

10 

do. 

1 

3 

Dec.    1,  1856 

March   3,  1857 

82 

93 

do. 

Qr    f 

1 

Dec.    7,  1857 

June    1,  1858 

82 

177 

do. 

35  < 

2 

Dec.    6,  1858 

March   3,  1859 

83 

88 

do. 

*  f 

1 

Dec.    5,  1859 

June   18,  1860 

84 

196 

do. 

36  •< 

2 

Dec.    3,  1860 

March   4,  1861 

85 

93 

do. 

f 

1 

July    4,  1861 

August  6,  1861 

85 

34 

do. 

37 

2 

Dec.    2,  1861 

July   17,  1862 

86 

228 

do. 

1 

3 

Dec.    1,  1862 

March   4,  1863 

87 

94 

do. 

APPENDIX. 


419 


SPEAKERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


1st  Congress. 

2d 

3d  " 

4th  " 

5th  " 

6th  " 

7th 

8th  « 

9th  " 

10th  " 

llth  " 

12th  " 

13th  " 

14th  " 

15th  " 

16th  " 

17th  « 

18th  « 

19th  " 

20th  " 

21st  " 
22d 

23d  « 

24th  « 

25th  " 

26th  » 

27th  » 

28th  « 

29th  " 

30th  " 

31st  " 

32d  " 

33d  " 

34th  » 

35th  " 
36th 

37th  « 

38th  " 


F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Jonathan  Trumbull, 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Jonathan  Dayton, 

Jonathan  Dayton, 

George  Dent,  pro  tern., 

Theodore  Sedgwick, 

Nathaniel  Macon, 

Nathaniel  Macon, 

Nathaniel  Macon, 

Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

Henry  Clay, 

Henry  Clay,  1st  session, 

Langdon  Cheves,  2d       " 

Henry  Clay, 

Henry  Clay, 

Henry  Clay,  1st  session, 

John  W.  Taylor,  2d       " 

P.  P.  Barbour, 

Henry  Clay, 

John  W.  Taylor, 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

Andrew  Stevenson,  1st  session, 

John  Bell,  2d  session, 

Henry  Hubbard,  pro  tern., 

James  K.  Polk, 

James  K.  Polk, 

E.  M.  T.  Hunter, 

John  White, 

John  W.  Jones, 

George  W.  Hopkins,  pro  tern., 

John  W.  Davis, 

Kobert  C.  Winthrop, 

Armisted  Burt,  pro  tern., 

Howell  Cobb, 

R.  C.  Winthrop,  pro  tern., 

Linn  Boyd, 

Linn  Boyd, 

Nathaniel  P.  Banks, 

James  L.  Orr, 

William  Pennington, 

Galusha  A.  Grow, 

Schuyler  Colfax, 


Pennsylvania. 
Connecticut. 
Pennsylvania. 
New  Jersey. 

It  (  4 

Maryland. 
Massachusetts. 
North  Carolina. 

u  a 

a  « 

Massachusetts. 
« 

Kentucky. 
n 

South  Carolina. 
Kentucky. 


New  York. 
Virginia. 
Kentucky. 
New  York. 
Virginia. 


Tennessee. 
New  Hampshire. 
Tennessee. 

Virginia. 

Kentucky. 

Virginia. 

t< 

Indiana. 

Massachusetts. 
South  Carolina. 
Georgia. 
Massachusetts. 
Kentucky. 
a, 

Massachusetts. 
South  Carolina. 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania. 
Indiana. 


PRESIDENTS   OF   THE   SENATE. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Congresses. 
I  to        4. 
5  and     6. 
7  and    8. 
9  to      12. 
13  and  14. 

John  Adams, 
Thomas  Jefferson, 
Aaron  Burr, 
George  Clinton,  * 
Elbridge  Gerry  ,* 

Massachusetts. 
Virginia. 
New  York. 

«         u 

Massachusetts. 

*  Died  in  office. 


420 


APPENDIX. 


Congresses. 

16  to      18. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 

New  York. 

19  to      22. 

John  C.  Calhoun,* 

South  Carolina. 

23  and  24. 

Martin  Van  Buren, 

New  York. 

25  and  26. 

Richard  M.  Johnson, 

Kentucky. 

27. 
29  and  30. 

John  Tyler,f 
George  M.  Dallas, 

Virginia. 
Pennsylvania. 

81. 

Millard  Fillmore,J 

New  York. 

32. 

William  E.  King,g 

Alabama. 

33. 

(Vacant.) 

34. 

(Vacant.) 

35. 
36. 

John  C.  Breckinridge, 
John  C.  Breckinridge, 

Kentucky. 

a 

37. 

Hannibal  Hamlin, 

Maine. 

38. 

Hannibal  Hamlin, 

n 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SENATE,  PRO  TEM. 


1st  Congress. 

3d 

4th        " 

5th        " 


7th  " 

8th  « 

9th  « 

10th  " 

llth  « 

12th  " 

13th  « 

14th  » 

15th  « 


17th 
18th 
19th 


John  Langdon, 
f  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
\  John  Langdon, 
C  Ralph  Izard, 
I  Henry  Tazewell, 
f  Samuel  Livermore, 
\  William  Bingham, 

William  Bradford, 

Jacob  Read, 

Theodore  Sedgwick, 

John  Lawrence, 

James  Ross, 

Samuel  Livermore, 

Uriah  Tracy, 

John  E.  Howard, 

James  Hillhouse, 
/Abraham  Baldwin, 
\  Stephen  R.  Bradley, 
f  John  Browne, 
-j  Jesse  Franklin, 
(  Joseph  Anderson, 
f  Samuel  Smith, 
\  Samuel  Smith, 

{Samuel  Smith, 
Stephen  R.  Bradley, 
John  Milledge, 
f  Andrew  Gregg, 
1  John  Gaillard, 
(  John  Pope, 
?  William  H.  Crawford, 
\  Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

John  Gaillard, 

John  Gaillard, 
f  John  Gaillard, 
\  James  Barbour, 
(  James  Barbour, 
(  John  Gaillard, 

John  Gaillard, 

John  Gaillard, 

Nathaniel  Macon, 
(  Nathaniel  Macon, 
(  Samuel  Smith, 


New  Hampshire. 

Virginia. 

New  Hampshire. 

South  Carolina. 

Virginia. 

New  Hampshire. 

Pennsylvania. 

Ehode  Island. 

South  Carolina. 

Massachusetts. 

New  York, 

Pennsylvania. 

New  Hampshire. 

Connecticut. 

Maryland. 

Connecticut. 

Georgia. 

Vermont. 

Kentucky. 

North  Carolina. 

Tennessee. 

Maryland. 


Vermont. 
Georgia. 
Pennsylvania. 
South  Carolina. 
Kentucky. 
Georgia. 
Massachusetts. 
South  Carolina. 


Virginia. 
South  Carolina. 

U  it 

U  ti. 

North  Carolina. 

it  a 

Maryland. 


*  Resigned  December  28,  1832. 

J  Became  President  by  death  of  Taylor. 


f  Became  President  by  death  of  Harrisoi 
§  Died  in  office. 


APPENDIX. 


421 


21st  Congress.         Samuel  Smith, 

Maryland. 

09rl                         5  Littleton  W.  Tazewell, 

Virginia. 

I  Hugh  L.  White, 

Tennessee. 

OQ  A                         $  George  Poindexter, 

Mississippi. 

I  John  Tyler, 

Virginia. 

24th 

William  K.  King, 

Alabama. 

25th 

William  E.  King, 

(i 

26th 

William  E.  King, 

a 

27th 

Samuel  L.  Southard, 

New  Jersey. 

28th 

Willie  P.  Mangum, 

North  Carolina. 

29th 

David  E.  Atchison, 

Missouri. 

30th 

David  E.  Atchison, 

tt 

31st 

William  E.  King, 

Alabama. 

32d 

William  E.  King, 

1  1 

33d 

David  E.  Atchison, 

Missouri. 

34th 

Jesse  D.  Bright, 

Indiana. 

35th 

Benjamin  Fitzpatrick, 

Alabama. 

<  Jesse  D.  Bright, 
36th                       \  Solomon  FoSt, 

Indiana. 
Vermont. 

37th        «                Solomon  Foot, 

" 

oo-i,                        (  Solomon  Foot, 

a 

i  Daniel  Clark, 

New  Hampshire. 

SECEETAEIES  OF  THE  SENATE. 


Names. 

States. 

Time  of  appoint 
ment. 

Expiration  of  ser 
vice. 

Samuel  Allyne  Otis    .     .     . 
Charles  Cutts     
Walter  Lowrie       .... 
Asbury  Dickens     .... 
John  W.  Forney  .... 

Massachusetts   . 
New  Hampshire 
Pennsylvania    . 
North  Carolina 
Pennsylvania    . 

8  April,  1789 
11  Oct.       1814 
12  Dec.      1825 
12  Dec.      1836 
July,     1861 

18  April,  1814 
12  Dec.      1825 
5  Dec.      1836 
July,     1861 

CLEEKS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  EEPEESENTATIVES. 


Names. 

States. 

Time  of  appoint 
ment. 

Expiration  of  ser 
vice. 

John  Beckley    

Virginia  .     .     . 

1  April,  1789 

15  May,     1797 

Jonathan  Williams  Condy  . 

Pennsylvania    . 

15  May,     1797 

9  Dec.      1800 

John  Holt  Oswald      ... 

Pennsylvania    . 

9  Dec.      1800 

7  Dec.      1801 

John  Beckley    

Virginia  .     .     . 

7  Dec.      1801 

26  Oct.       1807 

Patrick  Magruder       .     .     . 

Maryland     .     . 

26  Oct.       1807 

28  Jan.      1815 

Thomas  Dougherty     .     .     . 

Kentucky     .     . 

30  Jan.      1815 

3  Dec.      1822 

Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke   . 

Pennsylvania    . 

3  Dec.      1822 

2  Dec.      1833 

Walter  S.  Franklin    .     .     . 

Pennsylvania    . 

2  Dec.      1833 

20  Sept.     1838 

Hugh  A.  Garland  .... 

Virginia  .     .     . 

3  Dec.      1838 

31  Mav,     1841 

Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke    . 

Pennsylvania    . 

31  May,     1841 

6  Dec.      1843 

Caleb  J.  McNulty      .     .     . 

Ohio    .... 

6  Dec.      1843 

18  Jan.      1845 

Benjamin  B.  French  .     .     . 

New  Hampshire 

18  Jan.      1845 

7  Dec.      1847 

Thomas  Jefferson  Campbell 

Tennessee      .     . 

7  Dec.      1847 

13  April,  1850 

Eichard  M.  Young     .     .     . 

Illinois     .     .     . 

17  April.  1850 

1  Dec.      1851 

John  W.  Forney    .... 

Pennsylvania    . 

1  Dec.      1851 

4  Feb.      1856 

William  Cullom    .... 

Tennessee     .     . 

4  Feb.      1856 

6  Dec.      1857 

James  C.  Allen      .... 

Illinois     .     .     . 

6  Dec.      1857 

3  Feb.      1860 

John  W.  Forney  .... 

Pennsylvania    . 

3  Feb.      1860 

4  July,     1861 

Emerson  Etheridge    .     .     . 

Tennessee     .     . 

4  July      1861 

8  Dec.      1863 

Edward  McPherson  .     . 

Pennsylvania    . 

8  Dec.      1863 

422 


APPENDIX. 


CHAPLAINS  TO  CONGRESS. 


Showing  the  Names  of  Clergymen  who  have  served  as  Chaplains  to  the  Senate  since  1789 ; 
also,  the  Churches  to  which  they  belonged;  in  the  order  of  their  appointment. 

The  initials  opposite  the  name  signify :  B.  for  Baptist,  C.  for  Congregationalist, 
D.  for  Dutch  Keformed,  E.  for  Episcopalian,  L.  for  Lutheran,  M.  for  Metho 
dist,  P.  for  Presbyterian,  K.  C.  for  Koman  Catholic,  U.  for  Universalist,  Un. 
for  Unitarian. 

Church. 

.  M. 

.  E. 

.  B. 

.  E. 

.  B. 

.  M. 

.  E. 

.  M. 
K.  C. 

.  E. 

.  E. 

.  M. 

.  M. 

.  P. 

.  M. 

.  E. 

.  M. 

.  M. 

.  B. 

.  P. 
P. 


Names. 
Kt.  Rev.  Bishop  Provost,  . 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  White,     . 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Clagett,  . 
Rev.  Dr.  E.  Gantt,    .     .     . 
Rev.  A.  T.  McCormick,     . 
Rev   Dr   Gantt,    .... 

Church. 

.     E. 
.     E. 
.     E. 
.     E. 
.     E. 
.     E. 

Names. 
Rev.  William  Ryland, 
Rev.  C.  P.  Mcllvaine, 
Rev.  W.  Staughton, 
Rev.  C.  P.  Mcllvaine, 
Rev.  W.  Staughton, 
Rev.  W.  Ryland,      . 

Rev.  John  J.  Sayrs,  .     .     . 
Rev.  Dr.  Gantt,    .... 
Rev.  A.  T.  McCormick,    . 
Rev   R   Elliott,    .... 

.     E. 
.     E. 
.     E. 
.     P. 

Rev.  H.  V.  D.  Johns, 
Rev.  J.  P.  Durbin,  . 
Rev.  C.  C.  Pise,  .     . 
Rev.  T.  W.  Hatch,  . 

Rev.  M.  Wilmer,      .     .     . 
Rev.  O.  B.  Brown,    .     .     . 
Rev.  Walter  Addison,  .     . 
Rev.  J.  Breckenridge,  .     . 

.     E. 
.     B. 
.     E. 
.     P. 
.    M. 

Rev.  E.  Y.  Higby,   . 
Rev.  Henry  Slicer,  . 
Rev.  G.  G.  Cookman, 
Rev.  S.  Tustin,     .     . 
Rev.  Henry  Slicer,   . 

Rev   J   Glendy         .     .     . 

.     P. 

Rev.  C.  M.  Butler,   . 

Rev   J    Glendy,         .     .     . 

.     P. 

Rev.  Henry  Slicer,   . 

Rev.  S.  E.  Dwight,  .     .     . 
Rev.  William  Hawley,.     . 
Rev.  John  Clark,      .     .     . 
Rev.  B.  Allison.  . 

.     C. 
.     E. 
.     P. 
B. 

Rev.  Henry  C.  Dean, 
Rev.  Stephen  P.  Hill, 
Rev.  R.  R.  Gurley,  . 
Rev.  Mr.  Sunderland, 

Showing  the  Names  of  Clergymen  who  have  served  as  Chaplains  to  the  House  of  Repi*e- 

sentatives  since  1789. 


Names. 

Rev.  William  Linn, .  . 

Rev.  Samuel  Blair,   .  . 

Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  .  . 

Rev.  Thomas  Lyell, .  . 
Rev.  W.  Parkinson, 

Rev.  W.  Bentley,     .  . 
Rev.  W.  Parkinson, 

Rev.  James  Laurie,  .  . 

Rev.  J.  Glendy,    .     .  . 

Rev.  R.  Elliott,    .     .  . 

Rev.  O.  B.  Brown,    .  . 

Rev.  Jesse  Lee,     .     .  . 

Rev.  N.  Sneathen,    .  . 

Rev.  Jesse  Lee,     .     .  . 

Rev.  O.  B.  Brown,    .  . 

Rev.  S.  H.  Cone,       .  . 

Rev.  B.  Allison,  .     .  . 

Rev.  J.  N.  Campbell,  . 

Rev.  Jared  Sparks,   .  . 

Rev.  J.  Breckenridge,  . 

Rev.  H.  B.  Bascom, .  . 


Church.  Names.                                Church. 

P.  Rev.  Reuben  Post,    ....  P. 

P.  Rev.  R.  R.  Gurley,  ....  P. 

P.  Rev.  Reuben  Post,    ....  P. 

M.  Rev.  W.  Hammett,  .     .     .     .  M. 

B.  Rev.  T.  H.  Stockton,     .     .     .  M. 

C.  Rev.  E.  D.  Smith,    ....  P. 

B.  Rev.  T.  H.  Stockton,     .     .     .  M. 

P.  Rev.  O.  C.  Comstock,    .     .     .  B. 

P.         Rev.  S.  Tustin, P. 

P.  Rev.  L.  R.  Reese,      .     .     .     .  M. 

B.  Rev.  Joshua  Bates,  .  .  .  .  C. 

M.  Rev.  T.  W.  Braxton,  .  .  .  B. 

M.  Rev.  J.  W.  French, .  .  .  ,  E. 

M.  Rev.  J.  N.  Maffit,  .  .  .  .  M.. 

B.  Rev.  J.  S.  Tiffany,    .     .     .     .  E. 

B.  Rev.  J.  S.  Tinsley,    .     .     .     .  B. 

B.  Rev.  W.  M.  Daily,  .     .     .     .  M. 

P.  Rev.  W.  H.  Milburn,    .     .     .  M. 

Un.  Rev.  W.  S.  S.  Sprole,    ...  P. 

P.  Rev.  R.  R.  Gurley,  ....  P. 

M.  Rev.  L.  F.  Morgan, .     .     .     .  M. 


APPENDIX.  423 


Names. 

Church. 

Names. 

Church. 

Rev.  James  Gallagher,  . 

.      .      P. 

Kev.  Daniel  Waldo,  .     . 

.      .      C. 

Kev.  W.  H.  Milburn,    . 

.     .    M. 

Kev.  T.  H.  Stockton,     . 

.     .    M. 

Kev.  Daniel  Waldo,  .     . 

.     .     C. 

Kev.  Mr.  Chauncey,      .     . 

,     .    U. 

NOTE.  The  Thirty-fifth  Congress  discontinued  the  usage  of  electing  Chaplains,  and 
extended  an  invitation  to  the  Clergy  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  alternate  in  opening  the 
daily  sessions  by  prayer,  and  in  preaching  on  the  Sabbath ;  which  they  continued  to  do 
until  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 


SUCCESSIVE  ADMINISTRATIONS. 

FIRST  ADMINISTRATION— 1789  to  1797.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  Virginia. 

Vice-President — JOHN  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 

Secretaries  of  State* — Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  appointed  September  26, 
1789;  Edmund  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  January  2,  1794;  Timothy  Pickering,  of 
Massachusetts,  December  10,  1795. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Alexander  Hamilton,  of  New  York,  September  11, 
1789;  Oliver  Wolcott,  of  Connecticut,  February  3,  1795. 

Secretaries  of  War  and  of  the  Navy\ — Henry  Knox,  of  Massachusetts,  September 
12,  1789 ;  Timothy  Pickering,  of  Massachusetts,  January  2,  1794 ;  James  Mc- 
Henry,  of  Maryland,  January  27,  1796. 

Postmasters- General^ — Samuel  Osgood,  of  Massachusetts,  September  26,  1789; 
Timothy  Pickering,  of  Massachusetts,  November  7,  1791 ;  Joseph  Habersham,  of 
Georgia,  February  25,  1795. 

Attorneys-General — Edmund  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  September  26,  1789,  made 
Secretary  of  State,  January  2,  1794;  William  Bradford,  of  Pennsylvania,  January 
28,  1794;  died.  Charles  Lee,  of  Virginia,  December  10,  1795. 

SECOND  ADMINISTRATION— 1797  TO  1801.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JOHN  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 

Vice-President. — THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  Virginia. 

Secretaries  of  State. — Timothy  Pickering,  continued  in  office;  John  Marshall, 
of  Virginia,  May  13,  1800. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Oliver  Wolcott,  continued  in  office  ;  S.  Dexter,  of 
Massachusetts,  December  31,  1800. 

Secretaries  of  Wai — James  McHenry,  continued  in  office ;  S.  Dexter,  of  Massa 
chusetts,  May  13,  1800;  Koger  Griswold,  of  Connecticut,  February  3,  1801. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — George  Cabot,  of  Massachusetts,  May  3,  1798,  declined; 
Benjamin  Stoddert,  of  Maryland,  May  21,  1798. 

Postmaster- General — Joseph  Habersham,  continued. 

Attorney-General — Charles  Lee,  continued. 

THIRD  ADMINISTRATION— 1801  TO  1809.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — AARON  BURR,  New  York  ;  GEORGE  CLINTON,  New  York. 

Secretary  of  State — James  Madison,  of  Virginia,  March  5,  1801. 

*  The  Department  of  State  was  created  by  the  Act  of  September  15,  1789,  previously  to 
which,  by  Act  of  July  27,  1789,  it  was  denominated  the  Department  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

t  The  War  Department,  as  created  by  Act  of  Congress  of  August  7,  1789,  had  also  the 
superintendence  of  Naval  Affairs.  A  separation  took  place  in  April,  1798,  when  a  Navy 
Department  was  established. 

J  From  the  organization  of  the  Government  down  to  the  year  1829  the  Postmasters- Gene 
ral  were  not  recognized  as  members  of  the  Cabinet,  but  are  herein  printed  as  such  for  the 
sake  of  uniformity. 


424  APPENDIX. 


Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — S.  Dexter,  continued  in  office  ;  Albert  Gallatin,  of 
Pennsylvania,  January  26,  1802. 

Secretary  of  War — Henry  Dearborn,  of  Massachusetts,  March  4,  1801. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Benjamin  Stoddert,  continued  in  office ;  Kobert  Smith, 
of  Maryland,  January  26,  1802 ;  Jacob  Crowninshield,  of  Massachusetts,  March 
2,  1805. 

Postmasters- General — Joseph  Habersham,  continued  in  office  ;  Gideon  Granger, 
of  Connecticut,  January  26,  1802. 

Attorneys-General — Theophilus  Parsons,  of  Massachusetts,' February  20,  1801, 
declined  ;  Levi  Lincoln,  of  Massachusetts,  March  5,  1801 ;  resigned  in  1805.  Ko 
bert  Smith,  of  Maryland,  March  2,  1805 ;  John  Breckenridge,  of  Kentucky,  De 
cember  25,  1805  ;  Caesar  A.  Kodney,  of  Pennsylvania,  January  20,  1807. 

FOURTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1809  TO  1817.— EIGHT  TEARS. 

President — JAMES  MADISON,  Virginia. 

Vice- Presidents — GEORGE  CLINTON,  New  York,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY,  Massachu 
setts. 

Secretaries  of  State— Kobert  Smith,  of  Maryland,  March  6,  1809;  James  Monroe, 
of  Virginia,  November  25,  1811. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Albert  Gallatin,  continued  in  office ;  George  W. 
Campbell,  of  Tennessee,  February  9,  1814;  Alexander  J.  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania, 
October  6,  1814. 

Secretaries  of  War — "William  Eustis,  of  Massachusetts,  March  7,1809;  John  Arm 
strong,  of  New  York,  January  19,  1813;  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  September 
26,  1814  ;  William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  March  2,  1815. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Paul  Hamilton,  of  South  Carolina,  March  7, 1809  ;  Wil 
liam  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania,  January  12,  1813 ;  Benjamin  W.  Crowninshield,  of 
Massachusetts,  December  17,  1814. 

Postmasters-General — Gideon  Granger,  continued  in  office;  R.  J.  Meigs,  of  Ohio, 
March  17,  1814. 

Attorneys-General — Caesar  A.  Kodney,  continued  in  office;  William  Pinkney,  of 
Maryland,  December  11,  1811 ;  Kichard  Kush,  February  10,  1814. 

FIFTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1817  TO  1825.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  MONROE,  Virginia. 

Vice- President — DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS,  New  York. 

Secretary  of  State — John  Q.  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  March  3,  1817. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  March  5,  1817. 

Secretaries  of  War — Isaac  Shelby,  of  Kentucky,  March  5,  1817,  declined  the 
appointment;  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  December  16,  1817. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Benjamin  W.  Crowninshield,  continued  in  office;  Smith 
Thompson,  of  New  York,  November  30,  1818;  Samuel  L.  Southard,  of  New  Jer 
sey,  December  9,  1823. 

Postmasters-General — Keturn  J.  Meigs,  continued  in  office;  John  McLean,  of 
Ohio,  December  9,  1823. 

Attorney- General — William  Wirt,  of  Virginia,  December  15,  1817. 

SIXTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1824  TO  1829.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 
Vice- President — JOHN  C.  CALHOUN,  South  Carolina. 
Secretary  of  State— Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  March  8,  1825. 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Kichard  Kusb,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  7,  1825. 
Secretaries  of  War — James  Barbour,  of  Virginia,  March  7,  1825 ;  Peter  B.  Por 
ter,  of  New  York,  May  26,  1828. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — Samuel  L.  Southard,  continued  in  office. 
Postmaster- General — John  McLean,  continued  in  office. 
Attorney-General — William  Wirt,  continued  in  office. 


APPENDIX.  425 


SEVENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1829  TO  1837.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — ANDREW  JACKSON,  Tennessee. 

Vice- Presidents — JOHN  C.  CALHOUN,  South  Carolina  ;  MARTIN  VAN  BUREN, 
New  York. 

Secretaries  of  State— Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York,  March  6,  1829  ;  Edward 
Livingston,  of  Louisiana,  1831 ;  Louis  McLane,  of  Delaware,  1833 ;  John  For- 
syth,  of  Georgia,  1834. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Samuel  D.  Ingham,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  6, 
1829 ;  Louis  McLane,  of  Delaware,  1831 ;  William  J.  Duane,  of  Pennsylvania, 
1833 ;  Eoger  B.  Taney,  of  Maryland,  1833  (not  confirmed  by  the  Senate) ;  Levi 
Woodbury,  of  New  Hampshire,  1834. 

Secretaries  of  War — John  H.  Eaton,  of  Tennessee,  March  9,  1829 ;  Lewis  Cass, 
of  Ohio,  1831. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — John  Branch,  of  North  Carolina,  March  9,  1829  ;  Levi 
Woodbury,  of  New  Hampshire,  1831 ;  Mahlon  Dickerson,  of  New  Jersey,  1834. 

Postmasters- General — William  T.  Barry,*  of  Kentucky,  March  9,  1829;  Amos 
Kendall,  of  Kentucky,  1835. 

Attorneys- General — John  M.  Berrien,  of  Georgia,  March  9,  1829  ;  Eoger  B. 
Taney,  of  Maryland,  December  27,  1831 ;  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  New  York, 
June  24,  1834. 

EIGHTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1837  TO  1841.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — MARTIN  VAN  BUREN,  New  York. 

Vice- President — RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON,  Kentucky. 

Secretary  of  State— John  Forsyth,  June  27,  1834. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Levi  Woodbury,  June  27,  1834. 

Secretary  of  War — Joel  R.  Poinsett,  March  7,  1837. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Mahlon  Dickerson,  June  30,  1834  ;  James  K.  Paulding, 
June  30,  1838. 

Postmasters- General — Amos  Kendall,  May  1,  1835;  John  M.  Niles,  May  25, 
1840. 

Attorneys- General — Felix  Grundy,  of  Tennessee,  September  1,  1838;  Henry  D. 
Gilpin,  of  Pennsylvania,  January  10,  1840. 

NINTH  ADMINISTRATION.— 1841  TO  1845— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — GENERAL  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON,  Ohio.     Died  April  4,  1841. 

Vice- President — JOHN  TYLER,  Virginia. 

President—  JOHN  TYLER,  Virginia  (from  April  4,  1841V. 

Secretaries  of  State— Daniel  Webster,  March  5,  1841 ;  Hugh  S.  Legare",  May  9, 
1843,  died  June  20,  1843 ;  Abel  P.  Upshur,  June  24,  1843,  died  February  28,  1844; 
John  Nelson,  acting,  February  29,  1844 ;  John  C.  Calhoun,  March  6,  1844. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Thomas  Ewing,  March  5,  1841 ;  Walter  Forward, 
September  13,  1841 ;  George  M.  Bibb,  June  15,  1844. 

Secretaries  of  War — John  Bell,  March  5,  1841 ;  John.  C.  Spencer,  October  12, 
1841,  transferred  to  Treasury  Department ;  James  M.  Porter,  March  8,  1843,  re 
jected  by  the  Senate;  William  Wilkins,  February  15,  1844. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — George  E.  Badger,  March  5,  1841  ;  Abel  P.  Upshur, 
September  13,  1841,  transferred  to  Department  of  State;  David  Henshaw,  July 
24,  1843,  rejected  by  the  Senate;  Thomas  W.  Gilmer,  February  15,  1844,  died  Fe 
bruary  28,  1844 ;  John  Y.  Mason,  March  14,  1844. 

Postmasters- General — Francis  Granger,  March  6,  1841  ;  Charles  A.  Wickliffe, 
September  13,  1841. 

#  Before  the  accession  of  Andrew  Jackson  to  the  Presidency,  the  Postmaster-General  was 
looked  upon  as  the  head  of  a  bureau,  but  President  Jackson  invited  Mr.  Barry  to  a  seat  in 
his  cabinet  meetings,  since  which  time  the  head  of  the  Post-office  Department  has  been  con 
sidered  a  regular  member  of  the  cabinet. 

28 


426  APPENDIX. 


Attorneys-General — John  J.  Crittenden,  of  Kentucky,  March  5,  1841 ;  Hugh  S. 
Legare",  of  South  Carolina,  September  13,  1841,  died;  John  Kelson,  of  Maryland, 
January  2,  1844. 

TENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1845  TO  1849.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  KNOX  POLK,  Tennessee. 

Vice- President — GEORGE  M.  DALLAS,  Pennsylvania. 

Secretary  of  State — James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  5,  1845. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Kobert  J.  "Walker,  of  Mississippi,  March  5,  1845. 

Secretary  of  War — William  L.  Marcy,  of  New  York,  March  5,  1845. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — George  Bancroft,  of  Massachusetts,  March,  1845 ;  John 
Y.  Mason,  of  Virginia,  in  1846. 

Postmaster-General — Cave  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  March  5,  1845. 

Attorneys- General — John  Y.  Mason,  of  Virginia,  March  5,  1845  ;  Nathan  Clif 
ford,  of  Maine,  December  23,  1846;  Isaac  Toucey,  of  Connecticut,  June  21,  1848. 

ELEVENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1849  TO  1863.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — ZACHARY  TAYLOR,  Louisiana.     Died  July  9,  1850. 

Vice- President — MILLARD  FILLMORE,  New  York. 

President — MILLARD  FILLMORE,  New  York.  Succeeded  Zachary  Taylor,  on 
his  death,  July  9,  1850. 

Secretaries  of  State — John  M.  Clayton,  of  Delaware,  March  7,  1849  ;  Daniel 
Webster,  of  Massachusetts,  July  20,  1850,  died  October  24,  1852;  Edward  Eve 
rett,  of  Massachusetts,  November,  1852. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — William  M.  Meredith,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  7, 
1849  ;  Thomas  Corwin,  of  Ohio,  July  20,  1850. 

Secretaries  of  War — George  W.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  March  7,  1849 ;  Charles 
M.  Conrad,  of  Louisiana,  August  15,  1850. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy— William  B.  Preston,  of  Virginia,  March  7,  1849  ;  Wil 
liam  A.  Graham,  of  North  Carolina,  July  20,  1850 ;  John  P.  Kennedy,  of  Mary 
land,  in  1852. 

Secretaries  of  the  Interwi — Thomas  Ewing,  of  Ohio,  March  7,  1849  ;  Alexander 
H.  H.  Stuart,  of  Virginia,  September  12,  1850. 

Postmasters-General — Jacob  Collamer,  of  Vermont,  March  7,  1849  ;  Nathan  K. 
Hall,  of  New  York,  July  20,  1850 ;  Samuel  D.  Hubbard,  of  Connecticut,  1852. 

Attorneys-General—  Reverdy  Johnson,  of  Maryland,  March  7,  1849;  John  J. 
Crittenden,  of  Kentucky,  July  20,  1850. 

TWELFTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1853  TO  1857.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — FRANKLIN  PIERCE,  New  Hampshire. 
Vice- President — WILLIAM  R.  KING,  Alabama.     Died  April  18,  1853. 
Secretary  of  State — William  L.  Marcy,  of  New  York,  March  7,  1853. 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury — James  Guthrie,  of  Kentucky,  March  7,  1853. 
Secretary  of  War — Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  March  7,  1853. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy — James  C.  Dobbin,  of  North  Carolina,  March  7,  1853. 
Secretary  of  the  Interior — Robert  McClelland,  of  Michigan,  March  7,  1853. 
Postmaster- General — James  Campbell,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  7,  1853. 
Attorney-General — Caleb  Cushing,  of  Massachusetts,  March  7,  1853. 

THIRTEENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1857  TO  1861.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President— JAMES  BUCHANAN,  Pennsylvania. 

Vice- President — JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE,  Kentucky. 

Secretaries  of  State — Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,  March,  1857  ;  Jeremiah  S.  Black, 
of  Pennsylvania,  December,  1860. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury— Howell  Cobb,  of  Georgia,  March,  1857  ;  Philip  F. 
Thomas,  of  Maryland,  December,  1860 ;  John  A.  Dix,  of  New  York,  January,  1861. 


APPENDIX.  427 


Secretaries  of  War — John  B.  Floyd,  of  Virginia,  March,  1857 ;  Joseph  Holt,  of 
Kentucky,  December,  1860. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — Isaac  Toucey,  of  Connecticut,  March,  1857. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior — Jacob  Thompson,  of  Mississippi,  March,  1857. 

Postmasters-General — Aaron  V.  Brown,  of  Tennessee,  March,  1857,  died  ;  Joseph 
Holt,  of  Kentucky,  March,  1859. 

Attorneys-General — Jeremiah  S.  Black,  of  Pennsylvania,  March,  1857 ;  Edwin 
M.  Stanton,  of  Ohio,  December,  1860. 

FOURTEENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1861  TO  1865.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — ABRAHAM  LINCOLN,  Illinois. 

Vice-President — HANNIBAL  HAMLIN,  Maine. 

Secretary  of  State — William  H.  Seward,  of  New  York. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Salmon  P.  Chase,  of  Ohio ;  William  P.  Fessenden,  of 
Maine. 

Secretaries  of  War — Simon  Cameron,  of  Pennsylvania ;  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  of 
Ohio,  1861. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — Grideon  Welles,  of  Connecticut. 

Secretaries  of  the  Interior — Caleb  B.  Smith,  of  Indiana ;  John  P.  Usher,  of  In 
diana,  1863. 

Postmasters-General — Montgomery  Blair,  of  Maryland ;  William  Dennison,  of 
Ohio. 

Attorney-General — Edward  Bates,  of  Missouri. 


PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTORS. 

THE  election  of  the  President  and  of  the  Vice-President,  by  Colleges  of  Electors, 
chosen  in  each  State,  was  first  proposed  in  the  Convention  for  the  formation  of 
the  Constitution,  by  James  Wilson,  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania.  It  was  adopted 
after  a  prolonged  discussion,  and  was  regulated  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  of  March 
1,  1792.  The  Electors  must  be  chosen  within  thirty -four  days  preceding  the  first 
Wednesday  of  December  of  the  year  in  which  an  election  of  President  and  Vice- 
President  takes  place.  They  must  be  equal  in  number  to  all  the  Senators  and  Re 
presentatives  in  Congress,  but  no  Senator  or  person  holding  an  ofiice  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States  can  be  appointed  an  Elector.  The  Electors  were 
at  first  chosen  in  four  different  modes,  viz. :  by  joint  ballot  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  by  a  concurrent  vote  of  the  two  branches  of  the  State  Legislature,  by  the 
people  of  the  State,  voting  by  general  ticket,  and  by  the  people,  voting  in  districts. 
This  latter  mode  was  evidently  that  which  gave  the  fairest  expression  to  public 
opinion,  by  approaching  nearest  to  a  direct  vote.  But  those  States  which  adopted 
it  were  placed  at  the  disadvantage  of  being  exposed  to  a  division  of  their  strength, 
and  neutralization  of  their  vote ;  while  the  Electors  chosen  by  either  of  the  other 
methods  voted  in  a  body  on  one  side  or  the  other,  thus  making  the  voice  of  the 
State  decisively  felt.  This  consideration  induced  the  leading  States  of  Massachu 
setts  and  of  Virginia,  which  originally  adopted  the  district  system,  to  abandon  it 
in  1800. 

An  Act  of  Congress  was  approved  January  23,  1845,  to  establish  a  uniform 
time  for  holding  elections  for  Electors  in  all  the  States  of  the  Union,  whereby 
they  are  appointed  in  each  State  on  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday  in  the 
month  of  November  of  the  year  in  which  they  are  to  be  appointed.  Each  State 
may  also  by  law  provide  for  the  filling  of  any  vacancy  or  vacancies  which  may 
occur  in  its  College  of  Electors,  when  such  College  meets  to  give  its  electoral  vote  ; 
and  when  any  State  shall  have  held  an  election  for  the  purpose  of  choosing  Elec 
tors,  and  shall  fail  to  make  a  choice  on  the  day  aforesaid,  then  the  Electors  may 
be  appointed  on  a  subsequent  day  in  such  manner  as  the  State  shall  by  law  provide. 

The  Electors  meet  at  the  capitals  of  their  respective  States,  on  the  first  Wed 
nesday  of  December,  and  vote  by  distinct  ballots  for  President  and  Vice-Presi- 


428  APPENDIX. 


dent,  one  of  whom  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves. 
They  make  lists  of  the  number  of  votes  given,  and  of  the  persons  voted  for,  which 
they  transmit  sealed,  by  a  special  messenger,  to  the  President  of  the  Senate  at 
Washington. 

The  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  having  met  in  convention  on  a  day 
fixed,  the  President  of  the  Senate  opens  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  are 
counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  is  duly 
elected,  if  such  a  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed. 
If  no  person  have  such  a  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  num 
ber,  not  exceeding  three,  in  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of 
Kepresentatives  shall  choose  immediately,  and  by  ballot,  the  President.  If  the 
House  of  Kepresentatives  shall  not  choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of 
choice  devolves  upon  them,  before  the  4th  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice- 
President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death,  or  other  constitutional 
disability  of  the  President. 

Should  the  offices  of  President  and  Yice-President  both  become  vacant,  it  then 
becomes  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to  communicate  information  thereof  to 
the  Executive  of  each  State,  and  to  cause  the  same  to  be  published  in  at  least  one 
newspaper  in  every  State,  giving  two  months'  previous  notice  that  Electors  of 
President  shall  be  chosen  or  appointed  in  the  several  States,  within  thirty-four 
days  next  preceding  the  first  Wednesday  in  December  ensuing,  when  the  choice 
of  President  must  proceed  as  usual. 


FIRST  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  was  unanimously  elected  President,  receiving  69  votes. 
JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  34  votes ;  while  John  Jay  had 
9  votes,  Kobert  H.  Harrison  6,  John  Rutledge  6,  John  Hancock  4,  George  Clin 
ton  3,  Samuel  Huntington  2,  James  Armstrong  1,  Edward  Telfair  1,  and  Benja 
min  Lincoln  1..  The  Electors  were : 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Benjamin  Bellows,  Ebenezer  Thompson. 

1.  John  Pickering,  2.  John  Parker,  3.  John  Sullivan. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Caleb  Davis,.  David  Sewall. 

1.  Samuel  Phillips,  Jr.,    4.  Moses  Gill,  7.  William  Sever, 

2.  Walter  Spooner,  5.  Samuel  Henshaw,  8.  William  Shepard. 

3.  Francis  Dana,  6.  William  Gushing, 

CONNECTICUT, 
Samuel  Huntington,  Erastus  Wolcott. 

1.  Oliver  Wolcott,  3.  Richard  Law,  5.  Matthew  Griswold. 

2.  Thaddeus  Burr,  4.  Jedediah  Huntington, 

NEW  JERSEY. 
David  Brearley,  David  Moore. 

1.  James  Kinsey,  3.  John  Neilson,  4.  Matthias  Ogden. 

2.  John  Kutherford, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Edward  Hand,  James  Wilson. 

1.  George  Gibson,  4.  David  Grier,  7.  Lawrence  Keene, 

2.  James  O'Harra,  5.  Collinson  Read,  8.  Alexander  Graydon. 

3.  John  Arndt,  6.  Samuel  Potts, 

DELAWARE. 

Gunning  Bedford,  George  Mitchell. 

1.  John  Baning. 


APPENDIX.  429 


MARYLAND. 
John  Kogers,  JPhilip 

1.  George  Plater,  3.  "William  Tilghman,          5.  Alexander  C.  Hanson, 

2.  Robert  Smith,  4.  William  Richardson,        6.  William  Matthews. 

VIRGINIA. 
Patrick  Henry,  W.  Tikhugh. 

1.  John  Pride,  4.  Anthony  Walke,  7.  John  Harvie, 

2.  Edward  Stevens,  5.  James  Wood,  8.  John  Roane. 

3.  Zachariah  Johnston,     6.  David  Stuart, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Christopher  Gadsden,  Edward  Rutledge. 

1.  Henry  Laurens,  3.  Charles  C.  Pinckney,        5.  John  F.  Grimke. 

2.  Arthur  Simkins,  4.  Thomas  Hey  ward,  Jr., 

GEORGIA. 

George  Handley,  John  Wilson. 

1.  George  Walton,  2.  H.  Osborne,  3.  John  King. 


SECOND  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1793. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  was  again  unanimously  elected  President,  receiving  132 
votes.  JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  77  votes ;  while 
George  Clinton  had  50  votes,  Thomas  Jefferson  4,  and  Aaron  Burr  1.  The  Elec 
tors  were : 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Josiah  Bartlett,  Benjamin  Bellows. 

1.  John  T.  Gilman,  3.  Jonathan  Freeman,  4.  Ebenezer  Thompson. 

2.  John  Pickering, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Azor  Orne,  Francis  Dana. 

1.  Samuel  Holten,  6.  Walter  Spooner,  11.  Thompson  J.  Skinner, 

2.  Ebenezer Mattson, Jr.,  7.  Moses  Gill,  12.  Daniel  Cony, 

3.  Thomas  Dawes,  8.  Solomon  Freeman,  13.  Dwight  Foster, 

4.  William  Sever,  9.  William  Shepard,  14.  Peleg  Wadsworth. 

5.  Increase  Sumner,         10.  Nathaniel  Wells, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Arthur  Fenner,  Samuel  J.  Potter. 

1.  George  Champlin,         2.  William  Greene. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Samuel  Huntington,  John  Davenport,  Jr. 

1.  Oliver  Wolcott,  4.  Elijah  Hubbard,  6.  Sylvester  Gilbert, 

2.  Thomas  Grosvenor,       5.  Thomas  Seymour,  7.  Marvin  Wait. 

3.  David  Austin, 

VERMONT. 

Samuel  Hitchcock,  Lemuel  Chipman. 

1.  Lot  Hall,  2.  Paul  Brigham. 

NEW  YORK. 
Jesse  Woodhull,  David  Van  Ness. 

1.  Edward  Savage,  5.  William  Floyd,  8.  Stephen  Ward, 

2.  Samuel  Clark,  6.  Volkert  Veeder,  9.  John  Bay, 

3.  Johannes  Bruyn,  7.  Abraham  Ten  Eyck,       10.  Samuel  Osgood. 

4.  Abraham  Yates,  Jr., 


430 


APPENDIX. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Thomas  H.  Sanderson,  Aaron  D.  Woodruff. 

1.  Kichard  Stockton,          3.  Joseph  Bloomfield,          5.  Franklin  Davenport. 

2.  John  W.  Vancleve,       4.  Samuel  Dick, 


DELAWARE. 


William  Henry, 

1.  Joseph  Heister,  6. 

2.  Thomas  Bull,  7. 

3.  Thomas  McKean,          8. 

4.  Cornelius  Coxe,  9. 

5.  Henry  Miller, 

James  Sykes, 
1.  William  Hill  Wells. 

MARYLAND. 
Alexander  C.  Hanson, 

1.  John  E.  Howard,          4.  William  Smith,* 

2.  Levin  Winder,  5.  Eichard  Potts, 

3.  Thomas  Lee,  6.  Samuel  Hughes,* 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Eobert  Coleman. 

Kobert  Johnston,  10.  James  Morris, 

John  Wilkins,  Jr.,         11.  George  Latimer, 
John  Boyd,  12.  Kobert  Hare, 

David  Stewart,  13.  Hugh  Lloyd. 


Gunning  Bedford. 


John  Seney. 

7.  William  Eichardson, 

8.  Donaldson  Yates. 


John  Wise, 
1.  Nathaniel  Wilkinson,  8. 


VIRGINIA. 

Stephen  T.  Mason, 
John  Eoane,  Jr., 
Moses  Hunter, 
James  Murdough, 
Archibald  Stuart, 
Michael  Bailey, 


George  Carrington. 

14.  John  Bowyer, 

15.  Thomas  Claiborne, 

16.  Maxwell  Armstrong. 

17.  John  Pride, 

18.  Claiborne  Watkins, 

19.  Tarlton  Woodson. 


2.  John  Early,  9. 

3.  William  O.  Callis,  10. 

4.  Catesby  Jones,  11. 

5.  Elias  Langham,  12. 

6.  Daniel  C.  Brent,  13. 

7.  John  Dawson, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Stephen  Cahames,  John  L.  Taylor. 

1.  Alfred  Moore,  5.  Benjamin  Smith,  8.  Peter  Dange, 

2.  John  Mocon,  6.  John  M.  Binford,  9.  James  Taylor, 

3.  Joel  Sane,  7.  Matthew  Lock,  10.  William  Porter. 

4.  E.  D.  Spaight, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Charles  C.  Pinckney,  John  Chestnut. 

1.  Andrew  Pickens,  3.  John  Barnwell,  5.  Eobert  Anderson, 

2.  John  Hunter,  4.  Edward  Eutledge,          6.  John  Julius  Pringlc 

GEORGIA. 

Benjamin  Taliaferro,  William  Gibbons. 

1.  John  King.  2.  Seaborn  Jones. 

KENTUCKY. 

E.  C.  Anderson,  Charles  Scott. 

1.  Benjamin  Logan,          2.  Notley  Conn. 


THIRD  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1797. 

JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  vote  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  Massachusetts,  Ehode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New  York,  New  Jer- 


*  Not  present. 


APPENDIX. 


431 


sey,  and  Delaware,  with  10  scattering  votes  from  other  States,  making  71  of  the 
140  votes  cast.  THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  elected  Vice-President,  having  the  next 
highest  number  of  votes,  68  ;  while  Thomas  Pinkney  had  58,  Aaron  Burr  30, 
Samuel  Adams  15,  Oliver  Ellsworth  11,  George  Clinton  7,  John  Jay  5,  James  Ire- 
dell  3,  Samuel  Johnston  2,  George  Washington  2,  John  Henry  2,  Charles  C.  Pinck- 
ney  1.  The  Electors  were  : 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
John  T.  Gilman,  Timothy  Farrar. 

1.  Oliver  Peahody,  3.  Benjamin  Bellows,         4.  Timothy  Walker. 

2.  Ebenezer  Thompson, 

VERMONT. 

Elijah  Dewey,  John  Bridgman. 

1.  Elisha  Sheldon,  2.  Oliver  Gallup. 


William  Sever, 

1.  Samuel  flolton, 

2.  Edward  H.  Bobbins, 

3.  Elbridge  Gerry, 

4.  Ebenezer  Mattoon, 

5.  Samuel  Phillips, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

6.  Increase  Sumner, 

7.  Thomas  Dawes, 

8.  David  Rosseter, 

9.  Nathaniel  Wells, 
10.  Ebenezer  Hunt, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 


Arthur  Fenner, 
1.  George  Champlin,        2.  William  Greene. 


CONNECTICUT. 

William  Hart, 
Elias  Perkins, 

NEW  YORK. 

A.  Van  Vechten, 
William  Root, 
Peter  Smith, 

NEW  JERSEY. 


Oliver  Wolcott, 

1.  Jeremiah  Wadsworth,  4. 

2.  Heman  Swift,  5. 

3.  Elizur  Goodrich, 

Lewis  Morris, 

1.  Richard  Thorne,  5. 

2.  Peter  Cantine,  Jr.,        6. 

3.  A.  Ten  Broeck,  7. 

4.  Obijah  Hammond, 


John  Neilson, 

1.  Aaron  Ogden, 

2.  John  Blackwood, 


3.  Jonathan  Rhea, 

4.  William  Colefax, 


Stephen  Longfellow. 

11.  Elisha  May, 

12.  Joseph  Allen, 

13.  Thomas  Kice, 

14.  Ebenezer  Bacon. 


Samuel  J.  Potter. 


Jonathan  Trumbull. 

6.  Jesse  Root, 

7.  Jonathan  Sturges. 


R.  Van  Rensselaer. 

8.  St.  John  Honeywood, 

9.  Charles  Newkirk, 
10.  Johannes  Miller. 


Caleb  Newbold. 

5.  Elisha  Lawrence. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  McKean, 

1.  James  Boyd,  5.  William  Irvine, 

2.  Joseph  Heister,  7.  Peter  Muhlenberg, 

3.  William  Brown,  8.  Robert  Coleman, 

4.  John  Piper,  9.  Abraham  Smith, 

5.  John  Whitehill, 


Thomas  Robinson, 
Richard  Bassett. 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 
John  R.  Plater, 

1.  Francis  Deakins,  4.  John  Roberts, 

2.  John  Gilpin,  5.  John  Lynn, 

3.  George  Murdock,  6.  John  Eccleston, 


John  Smilie. 

10.  Samuel  Miles, 

11.  Jacob  Morgan, 

12.  William  Maclay, 

13.  James  Hanna. 


Isaac  Cooper. 


John  Archer. 

7.  Gabriel  Duvall, 

8.  John  Done. 


432 


APPENDIX. 


William  Nimmo, 

1.  Nathaniel  Wilkinson,     8. 

2.  David  Saunders,  9. 

3.  John  Taylor,  10. 

4.  Catesby  Jones,  11. 

5.  Wilson  C.  Nicolas,        12. 

6.  D.  Carroll  Brent,  13. 

7.  William  Madison, 


VIRGINIA. 

Levin  Powell, 
Benjamin  Temple, 
Moses  Hunter, 
Josiah  Kiddick, 
Archibald  Stuart, 
John  Mason, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


William  Terry. 

14.  John  Bowyer, 

15.  Robert  Walker, 

16.  John  Brown, 

17.  George  Markham, 
'  18.  Robert  Crockett, 

19.  Peter  Johnson. 


5.  John  Hamilton, 
7.  William  Martin, 


Richard  D.  Spaight. 

8.  Evan  Alexander, 

9.  Anthony  Brown, 
10.  Sterling  Harwell. 


James  Martin, 

1.  Gabriel  Ravsdale,          5.  James  Bradley, 

2.  John  Gray"Blout, 

3.  John  Hamilton, 

4.  William  Edmunds, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Edward  Rutledge,  Arthur  Simkins. 

1.  Andrew  Pickens,  3.  John  Chesnut,  5.  Thomas  Taylor, 

2.  William  Thomas,          4.  John  Mathews,  6.   John  Rutledge,  Jr. 

GEORGIA. 

James  Jackson,  Charles  Abercombie. 

1.  Edward  Telfair,  2.  William  Barnett. 

KENTUCKY. 

Stephen  Ormsby,  Caleb  Wallace. 

1.  Isaac  Shelby,  2.  John  Coburn. 


TENNESSEE. 


Daniel  Smith, 
1.  Joseph  Greer. 


Hugh  Neilson. 


FOURTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1801. 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  and  AARON  BURR  having  each  received  73  of  the  128  elec 
toral  votes  cast,  the  choice  devolved  upon  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  73 
votes  comprised  all  from  the  States  of  New  York,  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee, 
South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  with  8  from  Pennsylvania,  5  from  Maryland,  and 
8  from  North  Carolina.  John  Adams  had  65  votes,  Charles  C.  Pinckney  64,  and 
John  Jay  1.  The  Electors  were  : 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Benjamin  Bellows. 
Ebenezer  Thompson,       4.  Arthur  Livermore. 


Oliver  Peabody, 

1.  John  Prentice,  3 

2.  Timothy  Farrar, 

VERMONT. 

Elijah  Dewey,  Roswell  Hopkins. 

1.  Jonathan  Hunt,  2.  William  Chamberlain. 


Samuel  Philips, 

1.  E.  H.  Robbins, 

2.  Samuel  Sewall, 

3.  David  Rosseter, 

4.  Theophilus  Bradbury, 

5.  Ebenezer  Hunt, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

6.  John  Hooker, 

7.  Walter  Spooner, 

8.  Joseph  Allen, 

9.  William  Sever, 
10.  S.  S.  Wilde, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
George  Champlin, 
1.  Edward  Manton,  2.  William  Greene. 


Francis  Dana. 

11.  William  Baylies, 

12.  Lemuel  Weeks, 

13.  Thomas  Dawes, 

14.  Andrew  P.  Fernald. 


Oliver  Davis. 


APPENDIX. 


433 


CONNECTICUT. 
Jonathan  Trumbull.  Jonathan  Ingersoll. 

1.  John  Treadwell,  4.  Matthew  Griswold,          6.  J.  O.  Moseley, 

2.  Tapping  Eeeve,  5.  Jonathan  Sturges,  7.  Stephen  M.  Mitchell. 

3.  Jesse  Root, 


Peter  Van  Ness. 

8.  Jacob  Eaker, 

9.  Thomas  Jenkins, 
10.  William  Floyd. 


Samuel  S.  Smith. 

5.  Joshua  L.  Howell. 


YORK. 
Isaac  Ledyard, 

1.  Anthony  Lispenard,     5.  James  Burt, 

2.  Robert  Ellis,  6.  J.  Van  Rensselaer, 

3.  P.  Van  Cortlandt,  Jr.,  7.  Gilbert  Livingston, 

4.  John  Woodworth, 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Isaac  Smith, 

1.  Thomas  Sinnickson, 

2.  M.  Williamson,  Jr., 


3,  Richard  Stockton, 

4.  William  Griffith, 


Frederick  Kuhn, 
1:  James  Armstrong,  6. 

2.  John  Kean,  7. 

3.  George  Ege,  8. 

4.  Jonas  Hartzell,  9. 

5.  John  Hubley, 

Kensey  Johns, 
1.  Samuel  White. 

Edmund  Plowden, 

1.  George  Murdock,  4. 

2.  John  Gilpin,  5. 

3.  Martin  Kershner,  6. 


PENNSYLVANIA, 

Samuel  Wetherill. 

Gabriel  Heister,  10.  N.  B.  Boileau, 

William  Hall,  11.  James  Crawford,  Sr., 

Presly  Carr  Lane,  12.  Isaac  Van  Horn, 

Samuel  W.  Fisher,      ,  13.  Robert  Whitehill. 


DELAWARE. 


Nathaniel  Mitchell. 


MARYLAND. 

Francis  Deakins. 

Perry  Spencer,  7.  Nicholas  B.  Moore, 

Gabriel  Duvall,  8.  Littleton  Dennis. 

William  M.  Robertson, 


VIRGINIA. 


George  Wythe, 

1.  William  Newsum, 

8.  John  Preston, 

2.  Richard  Brent, 

9.  Thomas  Newton, 

3.  William  H.  Cabell, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

4.  William  Ellzey, 

11.  Joseph  Jones, 

5.  James  Madison,  Jr., 

12.  Archibald  Stuart, 

6.  John  Brown, 

13.  William  B.  Giles, 

7.  John  Page, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Tate, 

1.  Joseph  Winston, 
2.  William  Martin, 

5.  Spruce  Macay, 
6.  Nathan  Mayo, 

3.  Absalom  Tatom, 

7.  Joseph  Taylor, 

4.  Bryan  Whitfield, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Hunter, 

1.  Paul  Hamilton, 

3.  Robert  Anderson, 

2.  Andrew  Love, 

4.  Joseph  Blyth, 

John  Morrison, 
1.  Dennis  Smelt, 


John  Coburn, 
1.  John  Pope, 


GEORGIA. 
2.  David  Blackshear. 

KENTUCKY. 
2.  Isaac  Shelby. 


Walter  Jones. 

14.  John  Shore, 

15.  Creed  Taylor, 

16.  John  Bowyer, 

17.  Thomas  Reade,  Sr., 

18.  Daniel  Coleman, 

19.  George  Penn. 


Thomas  Brown. 

8.  Thomas  Wynns, 

9.  Gideon  Alston, 
10.  John  Hamilton. 


Arthur  Simkins. 

5.  Theodore  Gaillard, 

6.  Wade  Hampton. 


Henry  Gray  bill. 


Charles  Scott. 


434 


APPENDIX. 


Daniel  Smith, 
1.  John  Locke. 


TENNESSEE. 


Kobert  Love. 


The  House  of  [Representatives,  on  which  devolved  the  choice  between  Jefferson 
and  Burr,  voted  to  commence  balloting  on  Wednesday,  the  eleventh  day  of  Feb 
ruary,  to  attend  to  no  other  business  while  the  election  was  pending,  and  not  to 
adjourn  until  a  choice  was  effected.  Seats  were  provided  upon  the  floor  for  the 
President  and  the  Senators,  but  during  the  act  of  balloting  the  galleries  were 
cleared  of  spectators,  and  the  doors  were  closed.  Upon  the  first  ballot,  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee  (8),  voted  for  Thomas  Jefferson;  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Ehode  Island,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  and  South  Carolina  (6),  voted  for  Aaron 
Burr  ;  and  the  votes  of  Vermont  and  Maryland  (the  representatives  of  which  were 
divided)  were  given  blank.  The  balloting  was  continued,  and  the  Housfe  re 
mained  in  session,  nominally  without  adjournment,  for  seven  days,  during  which 
one  hundred  and  four  members  were  present.  Some  of  them  were  so  infirm  or 
indisposed  that  it  was  necessary  to  provide  beds  for  them,  and  one  member,  who 
was  quite  ill,  was  attended  by  his  wife.  On  the  thirty-sixth  ballot,  which  was 
taken  on  the  afternoon  of  the  seventeenth,  the  votes  of  Delaware  and  South  Caro 
lina  were  given  blank,  while  those  of  Vermont  and  Maryland  were  given  to  Mr. 
Jefferson,  and  elected  him.  The  Vice-Presidency,  of  course,  devolved  upon  Mr. 
Burr. 


FIFTH  PKESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1805. 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  162  of  the  176  votes  cast. 
This  comprised  the  entire  electoral  vote  of  all  the  States,  except  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  and  Maryland  ;  the  two  first  of  which  threw  their  full  vote  for  Charles 
Cotesworth  Pinckney,  and  the  last  gave  nine  votes  for  Mr.  Jefferson  and  two  for 
Mr.  Pinckney.  GEORGE  CLINTON  was  elected  Vice-President  by  the  same  ma 
jority  and  vote,  Kufus  King  receiving  fourteen  votes.  The  Electors  were: 


John  Goddard, 

1.  Levi  Bartlet, 

2.  George  Aldrich, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

3.  Timothy  Walker, 

4.  Jonathan  Steele, 

VERMONT. 


Kobert  Alcock. 

5.  William  Taj  Iton. 


Josiah  Wright, 

1.  Samuel  Shaw,  3.  Ezra  Butler, 

2.  William  Hunter, 


Nathaniel  Niles. 
4.  John  Noyes. 


James  Sullivan, 

1.  Elbridge  Gerry,  7. 

2.  John  Whiting,  8. 

3.  James  Bowdoin,  9. 

4.  John  Bacon,  10. 

5.  John  Hathorne,  11. 

6.  William  Heath,  12. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Timothy  Newell. 

Thomas  Kitteridge,        13.  James  Warren, 
John  Woodman, 
James  Winthrop, 
Charles  Turner, 
Edward  Upham, 
Thomas  Fillebrown, 


14.  John  Farley, 

15.  John  Davis, 

16.  Jonathan  Smith, 

17.  Josiah  Deane. 


EHODE  ISLAND. 

Constant  Taber,  James  Helme. 

1.  James  Aldrich,  2.  Benjamin  Kemington. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Jonathan  Trumbull, 

1.  John  Treadwell,  4.  Asher  Miller, 

2.  David  Smith,  5.  David  Daggett, 

3.  Oliver  Ellsworth, 


Lewis  B.  Sturges. 

6.  Sylvester  Gilbert, 

7.  Joshua  Huntington. 


APPENDIX. 


435 


NEW  YORK. 
Sylvester  Dening, 

1.  James  Fairlie,  7.  Ezra  Thompson, 

2.  Thomas  Brooks,  8.  Jonas  Earl, 

3.  Cornelius  Bergen,  9.  John  Wood, 

4.  Matthias  B.  Hildreth,  10.  Joseph  Ellicott, 

5.  John  Herring, 

6.  William  Floyd, 


John  Cramer. 

13.  Stephen  Miller, 

14.  Adam  Comstock, 

15.  Albert  Pawling, 

16.  Abraham  Bancker, 

11.  Conrad  I.  Elmendorff,  17.  Isaac  Sargent. 

12.  Henry  Quackinboss, 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Solomon  Freligh, 

1.  Alexander  Carmichael,   3.  Phineas  Manning, 

2.  Moore  Furman,  4.  Jacob  Hufty, 


Thomas  Newbold. 

5.  William  Rossell, 

6.  Abijah  Smith. 


Charles  Thomson, 
1.  William  Montgomery,    7. 
8. 
9. 


2.  John  Bowman, 

3.  Matthew  Lawler, 


4.  William  Brown,  10. 

5.  Robert  McMullen,          11. 

6.  George  Smith,  12. 


Maxwell  Bines, 
1.  George  Kennard. 

John  Parnham, 

1.  Joseph  Wilkinson, 

2.  John  Gilpin, 

3.  John  Johnson, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

William  Brooke, 
Jacob  Hostetter, 
Thomas  Long, 
Jacob  Bonnett, 
Francis  Swaine, 
James  Montgomery, 

DELAWARE. 


Casper  Shaffner,  Jr. 

13.  Henry  Spering, 

14.  John  Minor, 

15.  James  Boyd, 

16.  John  Hamilton, 

17.  Peter  Frailey, 

18.  Nathaniel  Irish. 


MARYLAND. 

4.  William  Gleaves, 

5.  Edward  Johnson, 

6.  Perry  Spencer, 


Richard  Evers 

1.  John  Goodrich, 

2.  Thomas  Read, 

3.  Edward  Pegram, 

4.  Creed  Taylor, 

5.  William  H.  Cabell, 

6.  John  Taliaferro,  Jr., 

7.  George  Penn, 

8.  Richard  Brent, 

Felix  Walker, 

1.  Peter  Forney, 

2.  Lemuel  Sawyer, 

3.  Joseph  Williams, 

4.  James  Jones, 


John  Blake, 

1.  John  Gaillard, 

2.  Arthur  Simkins, 

3.  Thomas  Taylor, 


VIRGINIA. 
Lee, 
9.  George  Wythe, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

11.  John  Taylor, 

12.  James  Dailey, 

13.  Larkin  Smith, 

14.  James  Allen, 

15.  John  Minor, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

5.  Montford  Stokes, 

6.  Reading  Blount, 

7.  Solomon  Graves, 

8.  Bryan  Whitfield, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  William  Hill, 

5.  Joseph  Blythe, 

6.  James  Miles, 


Thomas  Fisher. 


Tobias  E.  Stansbury. 

7.  John  Tyler, 

8.  Ephraim  K.  Wilson, 

9.  Frisby  Tilghman. 


Richard  Field. 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 

17.  William  Ellzey, 

18.  James  McFarlane, 

19.  William  Dudley, 

20.  John  Preston, 

21.  Mann  Page, 

22.  William  McKinley. 


Robert  Cochran, 
9.  Joseph  Taylor, 

10.  Samuel  Ashe,  Sr., 

11.  Joseph  John  Alston, 

12.  Gideon  Alston. 


Samuel  Warren. 

7.  Joseph  Calhoun, 

8.  John  Taylor. 


GEORGIA. 

Edward  Telfair,  James  B.  Maxwell. 

1.  David  Emanuel,  3.  Henry  Graybill,  4.  David  Cress  well. 

2.  John  Rutherford, 


436 


APPENDIX. 


KENTUCKY. 
Charles  Scott, 

1.  John  Coburn,  3.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

2.  Ninian  Edwards,  4.  Joseph  Lewis, 

TENNESSEE. 
David  Deaderich, 
1.  Kichard  Mitchell,  2.  George  Kidley, 


William  Goforth, 
1.  Nathaniel  Massie. 


OHIO. 


Isaac  Shelby. 

5.  William  Irvine, 

6.  William  Koberts. 


William  Martin. 
3.  Kobert  Houston. 


James  Pritchard. 


SIXTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1809. 

JAMES  MADISON  was  elected  President,  having  received  the  entire  electoral 
vote  of  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Kentucky, 
and  Ohio,  and  13  of  the  19  votes  of  New  York,  9  of  the  11  of  Maryland,  and  11 
of  the  14  of  North  Carolina ;  in  all  122  of  the  175  votes  cast ;  George  Clinton 
received  6  votes  of  New  York,  and  the  balance  (47)  were  given  to  Charles  Cotes- 
worth  Pinckney.  GEORGE  CLINTON  was  elected  Yice-President,  receiving  113 
votes,  while  Rufus  King  had  47,  James  Madison  3,  and  James  Monroe  3.  The 
Electors  were : 


Jeremiah  Smith, 

1.  Oliver  Peabody,  3. 

2.  Benjamin  West,  4. 


Israel  Smith, 

1.  Jonas  Galusha,  3. 

2.  James  Tarbox, 

Caleb  Strong, 

1.  Francis  Dana,  7. 

2.  Ebenezer  Warren,  8. 

3.  John  Brooks,  9. 

4.  Samuel  Tobey,  10. 

5.  Moses  Brown,  11. 

6.  Joshua  Thomas,  12. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Timothy  Farrar. 

Samuel  Hale,  5.  Kobert  Wallace. 

Jonathan  Franklin, 


VERMONT. 
John  White, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

William  Bartlett, 
Lemuel  Williams, 
Ebenezer  Bridge, 
Andrew  Fernald, 
Benjamin  Hey  wood, 
Samuel  Freeman, 


Samuel  Shepardson. 
4.  William  Cahoon. 


Daniel  Dewey. 

13.  Josiah  Stearns, 

14.  Samuel  S.  Wilde, 

15.  John  Hooker, 

16.  Jeremiah  Bailey, 

17.  John  Barrett. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Thomas  P.  Ives,  James  Khodes. 

1.  C.  Fowler,  2.  Thomas  Noyes. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Jonathan  Trumbull, 

1.  John  Tread  well,  4.  Jesse  Boot, 

2.  Stephen  T.  Hosmer,         5.  Koger  Griswold, 

3.  David  Daggett,  6.  Frederick  Wolcott, 


John  Cotton  Smith. 

7.  Samuel  W.  Johnson. 


Ambrose  Spencer, 

1.  Henry  Huntington,  7. 

2.  Benjamin  Mooers,  8. 

3.  John  W.  Seaman,  9. 

4.  Adam  B.  Vroman,  10. 

5.  Henry  Rutgers,  11. 

6.  Thomas  Shankland,  12. 


NEW  YORK. 

John  Garretson, 
William  Hallock, 
Ebenezer  White, 
Russel  Atwater, 
Thomas  Lawrence, 
Joseph  Simonds, 


Henry  Yates,  Jr. 

13.  James  Tallmage, 

14.  Hugh  Jamison, 

15.  Jonathan  Rouse, 

16.  Matthew  Carpenter, 

17.  Micajah  Petit. 


APPENDIX. 


437 


James  Mott, 

1.  James  Morgan, 

2.  Thomas  Hendry, 


JERSEY. 


3.  Amos  Harrison, 

4.  George  Burgin, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 
Charles  Thomson, 
1.  Thomas  Leiper,  7.  William  Rodman, 


2.  James  Cowden, 

3.  Michael  Leib, 

4.  William  Wilson, 

5.  Joseph  Engle, 

6.  Kobert  Griffen, 


Jacob  Hostetter, 
9.  Archibald  Darrah, 

10.  David  Fullerton, 

11.  Jacob  Weygandt, 

12.  Peter  Kenimell, 

DELAWARE. 


James  Booth, 
Nicholas  Ridgely. 

MARYLAND. 

John  R.  Plater, 

Robert  Bowie,  4.  Richard  Tilghman, 

Thomas  W.  Veazey, 
Edward  Johnson, 


Benjamin  Egbert. 

5.  David  Welsh, 

6.  Abijah  Smith. 


Adamson  Tannehill. 

13.  Joseph  Lefevre, 

14.  Joseph  Huston, 

15.  Gabriel  Heister,  Jr., 

16.  William  Montgomery, 

17.  George  Hartman, 

18.  John  McDowell. 


Daniel  Rodney. 


Tobias  E.  Stanbury. 
7.  John  Tyler, 

5.  John  Johnson,  8.  Henry  James  Carroll, 

6.  Earle  Perry  Spencer,       9.  Nathaniel  Rochester. 


VIRGINIA. 

Joseph  Goodwin,  Sr., 
Edward  Pegram,  Sr.,      9.  Hugh  Nelson, 
Robert  Nelson, 
Richard  Field, 
Mann  Page, 
Thomas  Read, 
Richard  Barnes, 


Joseph  Eggleston, 
John  T.  Brooks, 

Francis  Locke, 
Thomas  Wynns, 
Kemp  Plurnmer, 
Samuel  Ashe,  Sr., 
Joseph  Taylor, 


Joseph  Gist, 
John  Wilson, 
Langdon  Cheves, 
John  McMonies, 


10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

11.  George  Penn, 

12.  Osborn  Sprigg, 

13.  Philip  N.  Nicholas, 

14.  James  Allen, 

15.  Spencer  Roane, 


Benjamin  Harrison. 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 

17.  John  Roane, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 

19.  Robert  Taylor, 

20.  John  Preston, 

21.  Gustavus  B.  Horner, 

22.  William  McKinley. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

5.  Murdock  McKenzie, 

6.  Peter  Forney, 

7.  Robert  Love, 

8.  James  Rainey, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  Paul  Hamilton, 

5.  William  Strother, 

6.  Samuel  Mays, 


Robert  Cleveland. 
9.  John  Winslow, 

10.  Joseph  Riddick, 

11.  William  Gaston, 

12.  Henry  I.  Toole. 


Joseph  Bellinger. 

7.  William  Zimmerman, 

8.  William  Rouse. 


GEORGIA. 
John  Rutherford, 

1.  John  Twiggs,  3.  Henry  Graybill, 

2.  Christopher  Clark, 

KENTUCKY. 
Samuel  Hopkins, 

1.  William  Logan,  3.  Matthew  Walton, 

2.  Robert  Trimble,  4.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

TENNESSEE. 
James  Robertson, 
1.  William  Martin,  2.  James  Sevier, 


Nathaniel  Massie, 
1.  Stephen  Wood. 


OHIO. 


David  Meriwether. 

4.  James  E.  Houston. 


Charles  Scott. 

5,  Robert  Ewing, 

6.  Christopher  Greenup. 


Joseph  Greer. 

3.  Baldwin  Hale. 


Thomas  McCune. 


438 


APPENDIX. 


SEVENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1813. 

JAMES  MADISON  was  re-elected  President,  having  received  the  entire  electoral 
vote  of  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  and  Louisiana,  and  6  of  the  11  votes  of  Maryland — 
in  all  128  of  the  217  votes  cast;  the  balance  (89)  were  given  for  De  Witt  Clinton, 
of  New  York.  ELBRIDGE  GERRY  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  131 
votes  ;  while  Jared  Ingersoll  had  86.  The  Electors  were : 


John  Goddard, 

1.  Oliver  Peabody, 

2.  Benjamin  West, 


HAMPSHIRE. 


3.  Samuel  Hale, 

4.  Caleb  Ellis, 


VERMONT. 
Nathaniel  Niles, 

1.  Noah  Chittenden,  3.  William  Slade, 

2.  William  A.  Griswold,     4.  Elihu  Luce, 


Timothy  Farrar. 

5.  Nathan  Taylor, 

6.  Jonathan  Franklin. 


Josiah  Wright. 

5.  John  H.  Andrus, 

6.  Mark  Kichards. 


William  Heath, 

1.  Harrison  G.  Otis,  8. 

2.  Joshua  Thomas,  9. 

3.  Nathan  Dane,  10. 

4.  David  Scudder,  11. 

5.  Jeremiah  Nelson,  12. 

6.  Lathrop  Lewis,  13. 

7.  Abraham  Bigelow,  14. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

John  W.  Hurlburt 

Nathaniel  Goodwin,      15.  Eleazer  James, 
John  Walker, 
Samuel  Parris, 
George  Bliss, 
Abiel  Wood, 


Benjamin  Heywood, 
Lemuel  Paine, 


16.  James  McLellan, 

17.  E.  Williams, 

18.  William  Crosby, 

19.  Isaac  Maltby, 

20.  Israel  Thorndike. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Christopher  Fowler,  William  Khodes. 

1.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,          2.  Ephraim  Bo  wen. 


Nathaniel  Terry, 

Theodore  Dwight,  4. 

James  Gould,  5. 
David  Daggett, 

Joseph  C.  Yates, 

Simeon  De  Witt,  10. 

Robert  Jenkins,  11. 

Archibald  Mclntyre,  12. 

M.  S.  Van  Dercook,  13. 

John  C.  Hodgeboom,  14. 

George  Palmer,  Jr.,  15. 

G.  S.  Mumford,  16. 

James  Hill,  17. 

J.  Delamontagnie,  18. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Daniel  Putnam. 

Stephen  T.  Hosmer,         6.  Jonathan  Barnes, 
Calvin  Goddard,  7.  S.  B.  Sherwood. 


NEW  YORK. 


William  Kirby, 
P.  Van  Cortlandt, 
Henry  Frey, 
John  Chandler, 
Thomas  H.  Hubbard, 
Henry  Huntington, 
John  Russell, 
John  Woodworth, 
James  S.  Kipp, 


David  Van  Ness. 

19.  David  Boyd, 

20.  Jotham  Jayne, 

21.  Cornelius  Bergen, 

22.  Jonathan  Stanley,  Jr., 

23.  Joseph  Perine, 

24.  William  Burnet, 

25.  Chauncey  Belknap, 

26.  George  Rosecrantz, 

27.  John  Dill. 


Matthew  Whillden,  William  Griffith. 

William  B.  Ewing,          3.  Franklin  Davenport,       5.  Jacob  Losey, 
Elias  Conover,  4.  Andrew  Howell,  6.  William  McGill. 


WTalter  Franklin, 
David  Mitchell,  9. 

David  Fullerton,  10. 

Paul  Cox,  11. 

Samuel  Smyth,  12. 

Isaac  Worrell,  13. 

Robert  Smith,  14. 

Michael  Baker,  15. 

Nathaniel  Mickler,  16. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Joseph  Engle, 
Chas.  Shoemaker,  Jr 
James  Fulton, 
James  Mitchell, 
Isaiah  Davis, 
John  Murray, 
John  Whitehill, 
Clement  Paine, 


Hugh  Glasgow. 

17.  Edward  Crouch, 
,    18.  Joseph  Reed, 

19.  Henry  Allshouse, 

20.  Alexander  Dysart, 

21.  James  Stephenson, 

22.  David  Mead, 

23.  Abia  Minor. 


APPENDIX. 


439 


DELAWARE. 
James  L.  Clayton, 
1.  Benjamin  Blakiston,       2.  Thomas  Fisher. 

MARYLAND. 
Henry  H.  Chapman, 

1.  Edward  H.  Calvert,        4.  Thomas  Worrell, 

2.  Thomas  W.  Veazey,        5.  John  Stephen, 

3.  Edward  Johnson,  6.  Edward  Lloyd, 


James  Sykes. 


Tobias  E.  Stansbury. 

7.  Henry  Williams, 

8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

9.  Daniel  Kentch. 


Richard  Henry 

1.  Benjamin  Harrison, 

2.  Robert  Nelson, 

3.  Edward  Pegram, 

4.  Mann  Page, 

5.  Richard  Field, 

6.  Walter  Jones, 

7.  Thomas  Read, 

8.  John  T.  Brooke, 


VIRGINIA. 

Lee,  Gustavus  B.  Homer. 

9.  Matthew  Cheatham,      17.  W.  G-.  Poindexter, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes,  18.  Andrew  Russell, 

11.  William  Armistead,      19.  Spencer  Roane, 

12.  Daniel  Morgan,  20.  Charles  Taylor, 

13.  Charles  Yancey,  21.  Sthreshly  Rennolds, 

14.  Archibald  Rutherford,  22.  W.  McKinley, 

15.  George  Penn,  23.  Robert  Taylor. 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
William  H.  Murfree, 

1.  Redar  Ballard,  6.  Montford  Stokes, 

2.  James  Rainey,  7.  James  W.  Clarke, 

3.  James  Bright,  8.  Joseph  Uniston, 

4.  Francis  Locke,  9.  H.  G.  Burton, 

5.  Thomas  D.  King, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
James  Campbell, 

1.  John  Johnson,  4.  William  Smith, 

2.  John  McCreary,  5.  William  Caldwell, 

3.  Andrew  Pickens,  6.  William  Alston, 

GEORGIA. 

Daniel  Stewart, 

1.  Henry  Graybill,  3.  Charles  Harris, 

2.  Oliver  Porter,  4.  Henry  Mitchell, 


Robert  Ewing, 

1.  William  Casey, 

2.  Robert  Mosby, 

3.  Samuel  Murrell, 

4.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

E.  K*  Dulany, 

1.  Henry  Bradford, 

2.  Thomas  Washington, 


KENTUCKY. 

5.  Samuel  Caldwell, 

6.  Duval  Payne, 

7.  Richard  Taylor, 

TENNESSEE. 

3.  James  Trimble, 

4.  David  McEwen, 


OHIO. 
John  Jones, 

1.  Matthias  Corwin,  3.  David  Purviance, 

2.  D.Abbott  (not  present),  4.  Thomas  Ijams, 


Julien  Poydras, 
1.  Philemon  Thomas. 


LOUISIANA. 


James  Mebane. 

10.  Jonathan  Hampton, 

11.  Thomas  Davis, 

12.  Henry  Massey, 

13.  Kemp  Plummer. 


Reuben  Starke. 

7.  Samuel  Johnson, 

8.  Richard  Singleton, 

9.  Sampson  Butler. 


John  Twiggs. 

5.  John  Rutherford, 

6.  John  Howard. 


William  Irvine. 

8.  Walker  Baylor, 

9.  William  Logan, 
10.  T.  D.  Owings. 


William  Trigg. 

5.  James  McCampbell, 

6.  Thomas  Johnson. 


James  Pritchard. 

5.  James  Dunlap, 

6.  John  Hamm. 


Stephen  A.  Hopkins. 


440 


APPENDIX. 


EIGHTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1817. 

JAMES  MONROE  was  elected  President,  having  received  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  every  State  except  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  Delaware — in  all  183  of  the 
217  votes  cast ;  the  remaining  34  being  given  for  Rufus  King.  DANIEL  D.  TOMP- 
KINS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  183  votes;  while  John  E.  Howard  had 
22  votes,  James  Koss  5,  John  Marshall  4,  and  Robert  G.  Harper  3.  The  Electors 


HAMPSHIRE. 

Thomas  Manning, 

1.  Benjamin  Butler,  3.  William  Badger, 

2.  Jacob  Tuttle,  4.  Thomas  C.  Drew, 


Richard  H.  Ayer. 

5.  Amos  Cogswell, 

6.  Dan  Young. 


J.  Robinson, 

1.  Apollos  Austin, 

2.  Asaph  Fletcher, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Robert  Holly, 

4.  John  H.  Cotton, 


James  Roberts. 

5.  William  Brayton, 

6.  Isaiah  Fisk. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Christopher  Gore, 


1.  Prentiss  Mellen, 

2.  Jonas  Kendall, 

3.  Israel  Thorndike, 

4.  E.  H.  Robbins, 

5.  Benj.  Pickman,  Jr., 

6.  John  Low, 

7.  David  A.  White, 


8.  S.  Longfellow,  Jr., 

9.  Joseph  Locke, 

10.  William  Abbot, 

11.  Thomas  Dwight, 

12.  Timothy  Boutelle, 

13.  Peter  Bryant, 

14.  Luther  Carey, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 


Bezabeel  Taft. 

15.  Daniel  Howard, 

16.  William  Phillips, 

17.  Wendell  Davis, 

18.  Josiah  Stebbins, 

19.  Seth  Washburn, 

20.  Thomas  H.  Perkins. 


Edward  Wilcox. 


James  Fenner, 
1.  Thomas  Pitman,  2.  Dutee  Arnold. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Jonathan  Ingersoll,  William  Perkins. 

1.  Nathaniel  Terry,  4.  Elijah  Hubbard,  6.  Asa  Willey, 

2.  Elisha  Sterling,  5.  Jirah  Isham,  7.  S.  W.  Johnson. 

3.  Seth  P.  Staples, 


NEW  YORK. 


Henry  Rutgers, 

1.  Lemuel  Chipman,  10. 

2.  Artemus  Aldrich,  11. 

3.  John  W.  Seaman,  12. 

4.  Henry  Becker,  13. 

5.  Jacob  Drake,  14. 

6.  Aaron  Searing,  15. 

7.  James  Farlie,  16. 

8.  Israel  W.  Clark,  17. 

9.  Augustus  Wright,  18. 


Daniel  Root, 
P.  S.  Van  Orden, 
Montgomery  Hunt, 
J.  W.  Van  Wyck, 
Nicholl  Fosdick, 
J.  D.  Monell, 
E.  Edmonds, 
John  Blake,  Jr., 
George  Petit, 


Alexander  McNish. 

19.  Jacob  Wertz, 

20.  Richard  Townley, 

21.  Gabriel  North, 

22.  Samuel  Lawrence, 

23.  Charles  E.  Dudley, 

24.  Nathaniel  Rochester, 

25.  Benjamin  Smith, 

26.  Worthy  L.  Churchel, 

27.  Samuel  Lewis. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Lewis  Moore, 
•1.  Aaron  Kitchell, 
2.  Daniel  Garrison, 


3.  David  Welsh, 

4.  William  Rossell, 


Charles  Ogden. 

5.  John  Crowell, 

6.  Robert  McNeeley. 


APPENDIX. 


441 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Paul  Cox, 

M.  Fackenthal. 

1.  David  Mitchell, 

9.  William  Brooke, 

17.  John  Harrison, 

2.  James  Wilson, 

10.  Kobert  Clark, 

18.  Joseph  Huston, 

3.  John  Greyer, 

11.  Isaac  Anderson, 

19.  Jacob  Hostetter, 

4.  Gabriel  Heister, 

12.  Abiel  Fellows, 

20.  Samuel  Scott, 

5.  Daniel  Bussier, 

13.  Matthew  Roberts, 

21.  John  Rea, 

6.  James  Meloy, 

14.  David  Marchand, 

22.  James  Alexander, 

7.  John  Conrad, 

15.  John  Mohler, 

23.  William  Gilliland. 

8.  James  Banks, 

16.  Thomas  Patterson, 

DELAWARE. 

Thomas  Robinson,  Andrew  Barratt. 

1.  Isaac  Tunnell,  2.  Nicholas  Ridgely. 

MARYLAND. 
William  D.  Beall, 

1.  Joseph  Kent,  4.  Benjamin  Massy, 

2.  William  C.  Miller,          5.  John  Stephen, 

3.  Edward  Johnson,  6.  Thomas  Ennalls, 


George  Newton, 

1.  Charles  H.  Graves,          9. 

2.  Hugh  Holmes,  10. 

3.  John  Pegram,  11. 

4.  Archibald  Rutherford,  12. 

5.  John  Purnall,  1 3. 

6.  Archibald  Stuart,  14. 

7.  Joseph  C.  Cabell,  15. 

8.  Andrew  Russell,  16. 


Robert  Love, 

1.  Jesse  Franklin,  6. 

2.  John  Hall,  7. 

3.  Peter  Forney,  8. 

4.  Thomas  Wynns,  9. 

5.  Francis  Locke, 

William  Garrett, 

1.  Philemon  Bradford,  4. 

2.  Thomas  Evans,  5. 

3.  William  McKeralls,  6. 


VIRGINIA. 

Charles  Yancey, 
Charles  Taylor, 
Spencer  Roane, 
Robert  B.  Starke, 
Sthreshly  Reynolds, 
William  Archer, 
Robert  Taylor, 
Benjamin  Cook, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Joseph  Riddick, 
Abraham  Phillips, 
James  Hoskins, 
Alexander  Gray, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Thomas  Lee, 
Frederick  Nance, 
John  L.  Wilson, 

GEORGIA. 


George  Warner. 

7.  John  Buchanan, 

8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

9.  Lawrence  Brengle. 

John  T.  Brooke. 

17.  Isaac  Foster, 

18.  Wm.  Brockenbrough, 

19.  Brazure  W.  Pryor, 

20.  Daniel  Morgan, 

21.  William  Jones, 

22.  John  Edie, 

23.  William  Lee  Ball. 


Nathaniel  Jones. 

10.  Vine  Allen, 

11.  Joseph  Pukett, 

12.  Thomas  D.  King, 

13.  Thomas  Ruffin. 


James  Duff. 

7.  John  Thomas, 

8.  Joseph  Reid, 

9.  Richard  B.  Screven. 


David  Adams, 

1.  John  Mclntosh, 

2.  John  Clark, 


3.  Jared  Irwin, 

4.  John  Rutherford, 


Duvall  Payne, 

1.  Hubbard  Taylor,  5. 

2.  William  Logan,  6. 

3.  Robert  Trimble,  7. 
4,.  Alexander  Adair, 

Alfred  M.  Carter, 

1.  Joseph  Hamilton,  3. 

2.  M.  McClanohan,  4. 


KENTUCKY. 

Thomas  Bodley, 
Samuel  Caldwell, 
Willis  A.  Lee, 


Charles  Harris. 

5.  Henry  Mitchell, 

6.  David  Meriwether. 


Richard  Taylor. 

8.  Samuel  Murrell, 

9.  William  Irvine, 
10.  Robert  Ewing. 


TENNESSEE. 

Robert  Allen. 

David  Campbell,  5.  Adam  Huntsman, 

Samuel  Buchanan,  6.  James  Baxter. 

29 


442 


APPENDIX. 


OHIO. 

John  G.  Young,  Abraham  Shepherd. 

1.  Aaron  "Wheeler,  3.  John  Patterson,  5.  William  Skinner, 

2.  Othniel  Looker,  4.  Benjamin  Haugh,  6.  James  Curry. 


Jesse  L.  Holman, 
1.  Joseph  Bartholomew. 

Garrigues  Flanjae, 
1.  John  R.  Grimes. 


INDIANA. 
LOUISIANA. 


Thomas  H.  Blake. 


Squire  Lea. 


NINTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1821. 

JAMES  MONROE  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
every  State  (228)  except  New  Hampshire,  of  which  one  vote  was  thrown  for 
John  Quincy  Adams.  DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS  was  elected  Yice-President,  receiv 
ing  215  votes ;  while  Richard  Stockton  had  8  votes,  Daniel  Rodney  4,  Robert  G. 
Harper  1,  and  Richard  Rush  1.  The  Electors  were: 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
William  Plumer,  John  Pendexter. 

1.  David  Barker,  3.  William  Fisk,  5.  Samuel  Dinsmoor, 

2.  Nathaniel  Shannon,        4.  Ezra  Bartlett,  6.  James  Smith. 


James  Galusha, 

1.  Gilbert  Denison, 

2.  Daniel  A.  A.  Buck, 


John  Adams, 

1.  William  Phillips, 

2.  Thomas  H.  Blood, 

3.  William  Gray, 

4.  Jonas  Sibley, 

5.  Daniel  Webster, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Pliny  Smith, 

4.  Ezra  Butler, 


William  Slade,  Jr. 

5.  Aaron  Leland, 

6.  Timothy  Stanley. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Seth  Sprague. 

6.  Ezra  Starkweather,       10.  John  Davis, 

7.  B.  W.  Crowninshield,  11.  Samuel  Dana, 

8.  Wendell  Davis,  12.  Joseph  Woodbridge, 

9.  John  Heard,  13.  Ebenezer  Mattoon. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

James  Fenner,  Robert  F.  Noyes. 

1.  Dutee  J.  Pearce,  2.  Dutee  Arnold. 


Henry  Seymour, 

1.  Samuel  Welles,  4. 

2.  William  Cogswell,  5. 

3.  William  Moseley, 

William  Floyd, 

1.  Henry  Rutgers,  10. 

2.  John  Walworth,  11. 

3.  Abel  Huntington,  12. 

4.  Daniel  McDougall,  18. 

5.  Edward  Severich,  14. 

6.  Seth  Wetmore,  15. 

7.  Isaac  Lawrence,  16. 

8.  Latham  A.  Burrows,  17. 

9.  John  Targee,  18. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Isaiah  Loomis. 

John  Alsop,  6.  S.  W.  Crawford, 

Ebenezer  Brockway,       7.  Samuel  H.  Phillips. 


NEW  YORK. 

John 

Ferrand  Stranahan,       19 
Jacob  Odell,  20 

Henry  Wager,  21 

Peter  Waring,  22 

Elisha  Harnham,  23 

Edward  P.  Livingston,  24 
Jonathan  Collins,  25, 

Peter  Millikin,  26 

Samuel  Nelson,  27, 


Baker. 

,  David  Hammond, 
,  Wm.  B.  Rochester, 
,  Mark  Spencer, 
,  Charles  Thompson, 
Benjamin  Knower, 
,  Philetas  Swift, 
Gilbert  Eddy, 
James  Brisban, 
Howell  Gardner. 


APPENDIX. 


443 


David  Mills, 

1.  John  "Wilson, 

2.  Joseph  Budd, 


JERSEY. 


3.  John  Crowell, 

4.  Isaiah  Shinn, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


Samuel  L.  Southard. 

5.  Aaron  Vansyckel. 

6.  John  L.  Smith. 


1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 

Thomas  Leiper, 
Paul  Cox, 
"William  Clingan, 
Daniel  Groves, 
George  Barnitz, 
Chandler  Price, 
James  Griffen, 
Pierce  Crosby, 
John  Miley, 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

Andrew  Gilkerson, 
George  Plumer, 
John  Hamilton, 
George  Hebb, 
James  Kerr, 
Andrew  Sutton, 
William  Mitchell, 
Joseph  Huston, 

James 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

P.  Sanderson. 
D.  W.  Dingman, 
Hugh  Davis, 
Gabriel  Heister, 
Patrick  Farrelly, 
John  Todd, 
Melchior    Eahm 
ceased), 
Philip  Benner. 

(de- 


DELAWAEE. 

Peter  Kobinson,  Nicholas  Ridgely. 

1.  John  Clark,  2.  Andrew  Barratt. 

MARYLAND. 

James  Forrest,  Elias  Brown. 

1.  Robert  W.  Bowie,         4.  William  R.  Stuart,          7.  William  Gabby, 

2.  John  Forward,  5.  A.  McKim,  8.  Joshua  Prideaux, 

3.  John  Stephen,  6.  John  Boon,  9.  Michael  C.  Sprigg. 


William  C.  Holt, 

1.  Charles  H.  Graves,          9. 

2.  Robert  Shields,  10. 

3.  John  Pegram,  11. 

4.  William  Jones,  12. 

5.  R.  B.  Stark,  13. 

6.  John  Taliaferro,  14. 

7.  John  Purnall,  15. 

8.  John  T.  Brook,  16. 


VIRGINIA. 

B.  T.  Arthur, 
Hugh  Holmes, 
William  C.  Rives, 
W.  Armstrong,  Jr., 
Charles  Yancey, 


Thomas  Brown. 

17.  W.  Breckenbrough, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 

19.  Armistead  Hoomes, 

20.  Samuel  Blackburn, 

21.  James  Hunter, 


Archibald  Rutherford,  22.  John  Edie, 
Joseph  Martin,  23.  Robert  Taylor. 

Archibald  Stuart, 


Robert  Love, 

1.  Jesse  Franklin,  6. 

2.  John  Hall,  7. 

3.  Michael  McLeary,  8. 

4.  George  Outlaw,  9. 

5.  Francis  Locke, 

Benjamin  James, 

1.  L.  M.  Ayer,  4. 

2.  Isaac  Smith,  5. 

3.  John  S.  Glascock,  6. 


Oliver  Porter, 

1.  Henry  Mitchell, 

2.  John  Rutherford, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

C.  E.  Johnson, 
Abraham  Phillips, 
Lewis  D.  Wilson, 
Alexander  Gray, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Dunovant, 
Matthew  J.  Kirth, 
Rasha  Cannon, 

GEORGIA. 


Kinborough  Jones. 

10.  H.  J.  G.  Ruffin, 

11.  B.  H.  Covington, 

12.  Thomas  Kenan, 

13.  James  Mebane. 


Benjamin  Rynalds. 

7.  Benjamin  Dickson, 

8.  William  A.  Ball, 

9.  Charles  Miller. 


3.  John  Mclntosh, 

4.  John  Foster, 


KENTUCKY. 
Samuel  Murrel, 

1.  E.  M.  Ewing,  5.  John  E.  King, 

2.  Willis  A.  Lee,  6.  Jesse  Bledsoe, 

3.  S.  Caldwell,     '  7.  John  Pope, 

4.  James  Johnson, 


John  Graves. 

5.  David  Meri wether, 

6.  Benjamin  Whitaker. 


Martin  D.  Hardin. 

8.  Thomas  Bodley, 

9.  Richard  Taylor, 
10.  Hubbard  Taylor. 


444 


APPENDIX. 


TENNESSEE. 
A.  M.  Carter, 

1.  J.  Hamilton,  Sr.,  3.  David  Campbell, 

2.  German  Lester,  4.  Henry  Small, 

MISSOURI. 
William  Shannon, 
1.  William  Christy. 

MAINE. 
William  Moody, 

1.  Joshua  Wingate,  Jr.,    4.  Josiah  Prescott, 

2.  Joshua  Gage,  5.  William  Chadwick, 

3.  Elisha  Allen, 

OHIO. 
Jeremiah  Morrow,  James  Caldwell. 

1.  William  H.  Harrison,  3.  Alexander  Campbell,      5.  Robert  Lucas, 

2.  Jarnes  Kilbourne,          4.  John  McLaughlin,          6.  Lewis  Dille. 


Joseph  Dickson. 

5.  John  J.  White. 


John  S.  Brickey. 


Lemuel  Trescott. 

6.  Levi  Hubbard, 

7.  Samuel  Tucker. 


Nathaniel  Ewing, 
1.  DanielJ.  Gas  well. 

James  B.  Moore, 
1.  Michael  Jones. 

John  Scott, 
1.   Henry  Minor. 

Duncan  Stewart, 
1.  Theodore  Stark. 

Philemon  Thomas, 
1.  Daniel  L.  Todd. 


INDIANA. 


ILLINOIS. 


ALABAMA. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


LOUISIANA. 


John  H.  Thompson. 
A.  F.  Hubbard. 
George  Phillips. 
Daniel  Burnet. 
John  R.  Grymes. 


TENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1825. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Andrew  Jackson,  William  H.  Crawford,  and  Henry  Clay 
were  candidates,  and  the  Electoral  College  not  giving  either  of  them  the  requisite 
majority  (132  votes),  the  choice  again  devolved  upon  the  House  of  Representatives, 
when  MR.  ADAMS  was  elected.  Andrew  Jackson  received  the  entire  electoral 
vote  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee, 
Indiana,  Mississippi,  and  Alabama,  1  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York,  7  of  the  11 
votes  of  Maryland,  3  of  the  5  votes  of  Louisiana,  and  one  of  the  3  votes  of  Illinois. 
John  Quincy  Adams  received  the  entire  vote  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut,  and  26  of  the  36  votes  of  New 
York,  1  of  the  3  votes  of  Delaware,  3  of  the  11  votes  of  Maryland,  2  of  the  5  votes 
of  Louisiana,  and  1  of  the  3  votes  of  Illinois.  William  H.  Crawford  received  the 
entire  vote  of  Virginia  and  of  Georgia,  and  5  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York,  2  of 
the  3  votes  of  Delaware,  and  1  of  the  11  votes  of  Maryland.  Henry  Clay  received 
the  entire  vote  of  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and  Miss6uri,  and  4  of  the  36  votes  of  New 
York.  JOHNC.  CALHOUN  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  182  votes;  while 
Nathan  Sanford  had  30  votes,  Nathaniel  Macon  24,  Andrew  Jackson  13,  Martin 
Van  Buren  9,  and  Henry  Clay  2.  The  Electors  were: 


Josiah  Bartlett, 

1.  William  Badger, 

2.  Caleb  Reith, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

3.  Samuel  Quarles, 

4.  Moses  White, 


Abel  Parker. 

5.  William  Fisk, 

6.  Hall  Burgin. 


APPENDIX. 


445 


William  Gray, 

1.  Levi  Lincoln, 

2.  Enos  .Foot, 

3.  T.  L.  Winthrop, 

4.  William  Walker, 

5.  N.  Silsbee, 

Caleb  Earle, 
1.  Stephen  B.  Cornell,         2.  Charles  Eldridge. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

6.  John  Endicot, 

7.  Joseph  Kettredge, 

8.  Thomas  Weston, 

9.  Augustus  Tower, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 


Oliver  Smith. 

10.  Cornelius  G-rinnell, 

11.  Jonathan  Davis, 

12.  Hezekiah  Barnard, 

13.  Edmund  Gushing. 


Calvin  Willey, 

1.  Oliver  Wolcott, 

2.  John  Swathel, 


Jonas  G-alusha, 


CONNECTICUT. 

3.  Eufus  Hitchcock, 

4.  Lemuel  White, 

VERMONT. 


Elisha  Watson. 


David  Keys. 

5.  David  Hill, 

6.  Moses  Warren. 


John  Mason. 


1.  Titus  Hutchinson, 

3.  Joseph  Burr, 

5.  Jabez  Proctor. 

2.  Dan  Carpenter, 

4.  Asa  Aldis, 

NEW  YORK. 

Nathan  Thompson, 

William  Townsend. 

1.  Darius  Bentley, 

13.  Marinus  Willett, 

24.  Clark  Crandall, 

2.  Thomas  Lawyer, 

14.  Phineas  Coon, 

25.  Isaac  Sutherland, 

3.  Micah  Brooks, 

15.  Ebenezer  Sage, 

26.  I.  Sutherland, 

4.  E.  B.  Crandale, 

16.  Azariah  Smith, 

27.  William  Walsh, 

5.  Pierre  A.  Barker, 

17.  Richard  Blanvelt, 

28.  J.  Lansing,  Jr., 

6.  Samuel  Hicks, 

18.  Eleazar  Burnham, 

29.  Alexander  J.  Coffin, 

7.  Joseph  Sibley, 
8.  Edward  Savage, 

19.  Abraham  Stagg, 
20.  Solomon  St.  John, 

30.  Benjamin  Bailey, 
31.  Benjamin  Smith, 

9.  Timothy  H.  Porter, 

21.  John  Drake, 

32.  Samuel  Smith, 

10.  Benjamin  Mooers, 

22.  Elisha  B.  Strong, 

33.  Elisha  Dorr, 

11.  Samuel  Russell, 

23.  James  Drake, 

34.  Heman  Cady. 

12.  Chester  Patterson, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Peter  Wilson, 

John  Buck. 

1.  Daniel  Vliet, 

3.  Jacob  Kline, 

5.  Joseph  Kille, 

2.  James  Cook, 

4.  James  Parker, 

6.  J.  W.  Scott. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  Leiper, 

William  Beatty. 

1.  Cromwell  Pearce, 

10.  Abraham  Addams, 

19.  Adam  King, 

2.  Valentine  Giesey, 

11.  Joseph  Engle, 

20.  Philip  Benner, 

3.  Philip  Peltz, 

12.  Isaac  Smith, 

21.  John  Rush, 

4.  John  Reed, 

13.  John  Pugh, 

22.  Henry  Scheetz, 

5.  A.  McCaraher, 

14.  William  Thomson, 

23.  Peter  Adams, 

6.  James  Duncan, 

15.  Adam  Ritscher, 

24.  Adam  Light, 

7.  Daniel  Shefter, 

16.  Asa  Mann, 

25.  James  Ankrim, 

8.  John  Boyd, 

17.  Charles  Kenny, 

26.  James  Murray. 

9.  Daniel  Raul, 

18.  John  Eogel, 

DELAWARE. 

John  Caldwell,  Isaac  Tunnell. 
1.  Joseph  G.  Rowland.  • 

MARYLAND. 

Henry  Brawner,  William  Brown. 

1.  John  C.  Herbert,  4.  Samuel  G.  Osborn,  7.  William  Tyler, 

2.  Thomas  Hope,  5.  Dennis  Claude,  8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

3.  George  Winchester,         6.  James  Sangston,  9.  Thomas  Post. 


446 


APPENDIX. 


VIRGINIA. 

"William  C.  Holt, 

Kobert  Shield. 

1. 

Charles  H.  Graves, 

9. 

James  Jones, 

16. 

James  Hoge, 

2. 
3. 

Ellison  Currie, 
John  Cargill, 

10. 
11. 

William  Armstrong, 
Charles  Yancey, 

17. 

18. 

W.  Brockenbrough, 
Andrew  Eussell, 

4. 

Egbert  Taylor, 

12. 

Archibald  Eutherford, 

19. 

John  T.  Somax, 

5. 

W.  H.  Brodnax, 

13. 

Joseph  Martin, 

20. 

Joseph  H.  Samuels, 

8. 

Isaac  Foster, 

14. 

John  Bowyer, 

21. 

William  Jones, 

7. 
8. 

Joseph  Wyatt, 
Daniel  Morgan, 

15. 

Thomas  M.  Eandolph, 

22. 

William  Marteney. 

Montfort  Stokes, 

1.  Eobert  Love,  6. 

2.  William  A.  Blount,        7. 

3.  Peter  Forney,  8. 

4.  William  B.  Lockhart,    9. 

5.  Vine  Allen, 


Eobert  Clendinen, 

1.  John  K.  Griflen,  4. 

2.  William  Garrett,  5. 

3.  Angus  Patterson,  6. 


Elias  Beall, 

1.  Thomas  Gumming, 

2.  John  Mclntosh, 

3.  John  Floyd, 


J.  E.  Underwood, 

1.  John  E.  King,  5. 

2.  Joseph  Allen,  6. 

3.  Alney  McLean,  7. 

4.  W.  Moore,  8. 


John  Ehea, 

1.  T.  A.  Howard, 

2.  Joseph  Brown, 

3.  W.  E.  Anderson, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Martin. 

Edward  B.  Dudley,       10.  Walter  J.  Leake, 
James  Mebane,  11.  William  Drew, 

A.  H.  Shepperd,  12.  John  M.  Morehead, 

John  Giles,  13.  Josiah  Crudup. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Evan  Bcnbow. 

Eldred  Simkins,  7.  M.  J.  Keith, 

Joseph  W.  Alston,  8.  Thomas  Benson, 

William  C.  Pinckney,    9.  William  Laval. 


GEORGIA. 

John  Eutherford, 
John  Harden, 

KENTUCKY. 

Young  Ewing, 
Thomas  Bodley, 
Benjamin  Lecher, 
D.  Payne, 

TENNESSEE. 


4.  Joel  Pinson, 

5.  B.  C.  Stout, 

6.  William  Blout, 


OHIO. 
W.  H.  Harrison, 

1.  W.  McFarland,  6.  S.  Kingsbury, 

2.  David  Sloane,  7.  Henry  Brown, 

3.  Thomas  Kirker,  8.  Ebenezer  Merry, 

4.  Samuel  Coulter,  9.  E.  Buckingham, 

5.  James  Heaton,  10.  James  Cooley, 

LOUISIANA. 
William  Nott, 
1.  James  H.  Shepherd,        2.  S.  Heiriart, 


William  Matthews. 

6.  William  Terrell, 

7.  Warren  Jordan. 


Eichard  Taylor. 

9.  James  Smiley, 

10.  J.  J.  Crittenden, 

11.  Joshua  Fry, 

12.  H.  Taylor. 


William  A.  Sublett. 

7.  William  Mitchell, 

8.  Eobert  H.  Dyer, 

9.  Samuel  Hogg. 


James  Caldwell. 

11.  William  Kendall, 

12.  James  Steele, 

13.  William  Skinner, 

14.  John  Bigger. 


John  B.  Planche. 

3.  Pierre  Lacoste. 


MISSOURI. 


David  Todd, 
1.  David  Musick. 


INDIANA. 
Elias  McNamee, 
1.  David  Eobb,  2.  Jonathan  McCarty,         3.  Samuel  Milroy. 


James  Logan. 
John  Carr. 


APPENDIX. 


447 


Thomas  Hinds, 
1.  James  Patton. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


ILLINOIS. 


Bartlett  C.  Barry. 


Alexander  P.  Field. 


William  Harrison, 
1.  Henry  Eddy. 

ALABAMA. 

Keuben  Safford,  James  Hill. 

1.  Henry  Chambers,  2.  John  Murphy,  3.  "William  Fleming. 

MAINE. 

James  Campbell,  Lemuel  Trescott. 

1.  Thomas  Fillebrown,        4.  Benjamin  Chandler,        6.  Benjamin  Nourse, 

2.  James  Parker,  5.  Kev.  Joshua  Taylor,        7.  Stephen  Parsons. 

3.  Nathaniel  Hobbs, 

The  choice  between  Andrew  Jackson,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  William  H. 
Crawford,  the  three  highest  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  by  the  Electoral  College 
for  President,  devolved  on  the  House  of  Kepresentatives.  Twenty-four  members, 
one  from  each  State,  were  appointed  Tellers,  and  they  announced  as  the  result  of 
the  first  ballot :  For  John  Quincy  Adams :  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Khode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New  York,  Maryland,  Ohio,  Kentucky, 
Illinois,  Missouri,  and  Louisiana, — 13  States.  For  Andrew  Jackson  :  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Indiana, — 
7  States.  For  William  H.  Crawford :  Delaware,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and 
Georgia, — 4  States.  The  Speaker  then  declared  that  JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS, 
having  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  all  the  States,  was  duly  elected  Pre 
sident. 


ELEVENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1829. 


ANDREW  JACKSON  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,'  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Alabama,  and  Mis 
souri,  1  of  the  9  votes  of  Maine,  20  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York,  and  five  of  the 
11  votes  of  Maryland — 178  in  all ;  John  Quincy  Adams  receiving  the  other  83 
electoral  votes.  JOHN  C.  CALHOUN  was  re-elected  Vice-President,  receiving 
171  votes  ;  while  Eichard  Kush  had  83  votes,  and  William  Smith  7.  The  Elec 
tors  were : 

MAINE. 

Thomas  Fillebrown,  John  S.  Kimball. 

1.  Simon  Nowell,  4.  Levi  Hubbard,  6.  John  Moore, 

2.  Joseph  Southwick,  5.  James  C.  Churchill,         7.  Ebenezer  Farley. 

3.  Joseph  Prime, 


Jonas  Galusha, 

1.  Ezra  Butler, 

2.  Josiah  Dana, 


VERMONT. 

3.  John  Phelps, 

4.  William  Jarvis, 


Asa  Aldis. 

5.  Apollos  Austin. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
George  Sullivan,  William  Bixby. 

1.  Samuel  Quarles,  3.  Nahum  Parker,  5.  Samuel  Sparhawk, 

2.  Thomas  Woolson,  4.  Ezra  Bartlett,  6.  William  Lovejoy. 


448 


APPENDIX. 


Thomas  L. 

1.  Samuel  Lathrop, 

2.  Eliel  Frost, 

3.  Jesse  Putnam, 

4.  John  Gilbert, 

5.  Stephen  White, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Winthrop, 

6.  Samuel  Jones, 

7.  Baily  Bartlett, 

8.  E.  H.  Bobbins, 

9.  Nathan  Chandler, 


Caleb  Earle, 
1.  Stephen  B.  Cornell, 


KHODE  ISLAND. 
2.  Charles  Elbridge. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Sylvester  Norton, 

1.  Kufus  Hitchcock,  3.  Moses  Warren, 

2.  Homer  Boardman,  4.  George  Pratt, 


Moses  Rolph, 

1.  John  Garrison, 

2.  A.  D.  W.  Bruyn, 

3.  Benjamin  Bailey, 
•4.  John  Lloyd, 

5.  John  Targee, 

6.  Alexander  Coffin, 

7.  Gilbert  Coutant, 

8.  Gilbert  Eddy, 

9.  Jacob  Odell, 

10.  A.  Van  Vechten, 

11.  Morgan  Lewis, 

12.  E.  B.  Shearman, 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Theodore  Frelinghuysen, 

1.  A.  Learning,  3.  A.  White, 

2.  Abraham  Brown,  4.  T.  Elmer, 


NEW  YORK. 

13.  Egbert  Jansen, 

14.  A.  Mclntyre, 

15.  John  E.  Eussell, 

16.  Salmon  Childs, 

17.  Peter  Pine, 

18.  Peter  H.  Myers, 

19.  J.  C.  Yates, 

20.  James  Campbell, 

21.  Elkanah  Brush, 

22.  Jesse  Smith, 

23.  Kufus  Crane, 


Edmund  Cushing. 

10.  Oliver  Starkweather, 

11.  Jonathan  Davis, 

12.  Bradford  Dimmick, 

13.  Seth  Sprague. 


Elisha  Watson. 


Koger  Taintor. 

5.  Charles  Hawley, 

6.  W.  K.  Kibbee. 


Asaph  Stow. 

24.  Augustus  Chapman, 

25.  Thomas  Blakeslee, 

26.  Benjamin  Cotton, 

27.  Freeboi;n  G.  Jewett, 

28.  John  Beall, 

29.  William  Hildreth, 

30.  John  Taylor, 

31.  James  H.  Guernsey, 

32.  Charles  Dayan, 

33.  Shubal  Dunham, 

34.  Ebenezer  Walden. 


J.  J.  Ely. 

5.  Gabriel  Hoff, 

6.  C.  Zabriskie. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

William  Thompson. 

John  Harper,  19.  David  Hottenstein, 

JohnW.  Cunningham,  20.  John  M.  Snowden, 


John  B.  Gibson, 

1.  William  Findlay,  10. 

2.  Leonard  Rupert,  11. 

3.  Edward  King,  12.  John  Scott, 

4.  Jacob  Gearhart,  13.  George  G.  Leiper, 

5.  John  Lisle,  14.  William  Piper, 

6.  George  Barnitz,  15.  Henry  Scheetz, 

7.  Jacob  Holgate,  16.  Valentine  Giesey, 

8.  Jacob  Heyser,  17.  Adam  Ritscher, 

9.  Samuel  Humes,  Sr.,  18.  James  Gordon, 

DELAWARE. 

James  Canby, 
1.  John  Adams. 

MARYLAND. 
William  Fitzhugh,  Jr.,  Benjamin  F.  Forrest. 

1.  William  Tyler,  4.  Thomas  Emory,  7.  Elias  Brown, 

2.  James  Sewell,  5.  Benjamin  C.  Howard,     8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

3.  John  S.  Sellman,  6.  T.  R.  Lockerman,  9.  Henry  Brawner. 


21.  Peter  Frailey, 

22.  Robert  Scott, 

23.  Francis  Baird, 

24.  Henry  Allshouse, 

25.  Henry  Winters, 

26.  James  Duncan. 


David  Hazard. 


APPENDIX. 


449 


William  C.  Holt, 

1.  Wm.  H.  McFarland,  9. 

2.  Ellyson  Currie,  10. 

3.  John  Cargill,  11. 

4.  John  W.  Green,  12. 

5.  Thomas  M.  Nelson,  13. 

6.  John  Gibson,  14. 

7.  Kichard  Logan,  15. 

8.  George  Bust, 

Kobert  Love, 

1.  Montfort  Stokes,  6. 

2.  John  Hall,  7. 

3.  Peter  Forney,  8. 

4.  Joseph  J.  Williams,  9. 

5.  John  Giles, 

Sanders  Glover, 

1.  David  R.  Evans,  4. 

2.  John  McComb,  5. 

3.  John  Stewart,  6. 


VIRGINIA. 

James  Jones, 
Jared  Williams, 
William  Daniel, 


Eobert  McCandlish. 

16.  John  E.  George, 

17.  Wm.  Brockenbrough, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 


Jacob  D.  Williamson,  19.  Garret  Minor, 
Joseph  Martin,  20.  J_oel  Shrewsbury, 

John  Bowyer, 
William  F.  Gordon, 


21.  William  Jones, 

22.  John  McMillan. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Josiah  Crudup. 

Kedar  Ballard,  10.  R.  D.  Spaight, 

Abraham  Phillips,        11.  Walter  F.  Leake, 
Louis  D.  Wilson,  12.   E.  B.  Dudley, 

John  M.  Morehead,        13.  Willie  P.  Mangum. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Arthur  P.  Hayne, 
David  Sloan, 
Green  B.  Colmi, 


William  Pope. 

7.  William  Johnston, 

8.  Henry  L.  Pinckney, 

9.  Wade  Hampton,  Jr. 


GEORGIA. 
John  Rutherford,  William  Terrell. 

1.  Robert  R.  Reed,  4.  Augustus  S.  Clayton,      6.  John  G.  Maxwell, 

2.  John  Moore,*  5.  Solomon  Graves,  7.  Oliver  Porter. 

3.  David  Blackshear, 

ALABAMA. 

Thomas  Miller,  John  A.  Elmore. 

1.  Enoch  Parsons,  2.  Thomas  D.  Crabb,  3.  William  Y.  Higgins. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
Joseph  Dunbar, 
1.  Wiley  P.  Harris. 

LOUISIANA. 

John  B.  Planche,  Alexander  Mouton. 

1.  Thomas  W.  Scott,  2.  Placide  Bossier,  3.  Trasimon  Landry. 


William  Downing. 


John  Rhea, 

1.  Samuel  Bunch, 

2.  Alfred  Flournoy, 

3.  Thomas  McCorry, 


TENNESSEE. 

William  A.  Sublett. 

4.  Joseph  Brown,  7.  Andrew J.Marchbanks, 

5.  Benjamin  C.  Stout,         8.  Adam  R.  Alexander, 

6.  Willie  Blount,  9.  George  Elliott. 


KENTUCKY. 
Thomas  S.  Slaughter, 

1.  Matthew  Lyon,  5.  Nathan  Gaither, 

2.  Benjamin  Chapeze,          6.  John  Sterrett, 

3.  Edmund  Watkins,  7.  Tunstall  Quarles, 

4.  John  Younger,  8.  Benjamin  Taylor, 

OHIO. 
Ethan  Allen  Brown, 

1.  George  McCook,  6.  George  Sharp, 

2.  John  McElvain,  7.  Henry  Barrington, 

3.  William  Piatt,  8.  Walter  M.  Blake, 

4.  Samuel  Herrick,  9.  Thomas  Gillespie, 

5.  James  Shields,  10.  Benjamin  Jones, 


Reuben  Munday. 

9.  Robert  J.  Ward, 

10.  Richard  French, 

11.  Tandy  Allen, 

12.  Thompson  Ward. 


Robert  Lucas. 

11.  Thomas  L.  Hamer, 

12.  William  Hayne, 

13.  Valentine  Keffer, 

14.  Hugh  McFall. 


*  John  Moore  declining  to  serve,  Seaton  Grantland  was  elected  by  the  Legislature. 


450 


APPENDIX. 


INDIANA. 

Benjamin  V.  Beckes,  Ratliff  Boon. 

1.  Jesse  B.  Durham,  2.  William  Lowe,  3.  Koss  Smiley. 


John  Taylor, 
1.  Alexander  M.  Houston. 


John  Bull, 
1.  Benjamin  O'Fallon. 


ILLINOIS. 


MISSOURI. 


Richard  M.  Young. 


Augustus  Jones. 


TWELFTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1833. 

ANDREW  JACKSON  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illi 
nois,  Alabama,  and  Missouri,  with  three  of  the  eight  votes  of  Maryland — 219. 
Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  received  the  entire  vote  of  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  and  Kentucky,  with  five  of  the  eight  votes  of 
Maryland — 49  ;  John  Floyd  received  the  entire  vote  of  South  Carolina — 11 ;  and 
William  Wirt  the  entire  vote  of  Vermont — 7.  MARTIN  VAN  BUREN  was  elected 
Vice-President,  receiving  189  votes ;  while  John  Sergeant  had  49  votes,  William 
Wilkins  had  30,  Henry  Lee  had  11,  and  Amos  Elmaker  had  7.  The  Electors 
were: 


Nathan  Cutler, 

1.  Isaac  Lane, 

2.  Silas  Barnard, 

3.  J.  C.  Churchill, 


MAINE. 

4.  Elias  Burgess, 

5.  Joseph  Sewall, 

6.  Joseph  Kelsey, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Benjamin  Peirce, 

1.  Phineas  Parkhurst,         3.  Samuel  Collins, 

2.  Joseph  Weeks,  4.  Moses  White, 


James  Tarbox, 

1.  Nathan  Leavenwor.th, 

2.  John  S.  Pettibone, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Ezra  Butler, 

4.  Augustus  Clarke, 


Samuel  Moore. 

7.  Rowland  H.  Bridgham, 

8.  E.  Fletcher. 


John  Holbrook. 

5.  John  Taylor. 


Amos  Thompson. 

5.  William  Strong. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Charles  Jackson,  E.  Mattoon. 

1.  Thomas  H.  Perkins,        5.  Ebenezer  Moseley,  9.  Aaron  Tufts, 

2.  James  Byers,'  6.  James  Richardson,         10.  Cornelius  Grinnell, 

3.  Gideon  Barstow,  7.  Nathan  Brooks,  11.  Samuel  Lee, 

4.  Henry  Shaw,  8.  Jotham  Lincoln,  12.  Nymphas  Marston. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Samuel  Ward  King,  Nathaniel  S.  Ruggles. 
1.  William  Peckham,          2.  Peleg  Wilbur. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Morris  Woodruff,  John  D.  Reynolds. 

1.  John  Baldwin,  3.  Eli  Todd,  5.  Erastus  Sturges, 

2.  Chester  Smith,  4.  Oliver  H.  King,  6.  E.  Jackson,  Jr. 


APPENDIX. 


451 


NEW  YORK. 

Edward  P.  Livings 

ton, 

Amos  Buck. 

1. 

Nathaniel  Garron, 

15. 

Abraham  Miller, 

28. 

Truman  Spencer, 

2. 

Theophilus  S.  Morgan, 

16. 

Darius  Bentley, 

29. 

John  N.  Quackenbush, 

3. 

Moses  Ralph, 

17. 

William  Taber, 

30. 

Abel  Baldwin, 

4. 

David  Moulton, 

18. 

Samuel  Payne, 

31. 

Daniel  D.  Campbell, 

5. 

Kenry  Waring, 

19. 

Samuel  Hunter, 

32. 

James  Sutherland, 

6. 

Ebenezer  Wood, 

20. 

G.  Curtis, 

33. 

John  Gale, 

7. 

Gideon  Lee, 

21. 

Peter  Crispell,  Jr., 

34. 

Calvin  T.  Chamberlain, 

8. 

Peter  Collier, 

22. 

Seth  Thomas, 

35. 

Dudley  Parlin, 

9. 

John  Targee, 

23. 

William  Deitz, 

36. 

Orris  Crosby, 

10. 

John  Hyde, 

24. 

Jonas  Seely, 

37. 

James  B.  Spencer, 

11. 

Preserved  Pish, 

25. 

Samuel  Anable, 

38. 

M.  A.  Andrews, 

12. 

Thomas  Humphrey, 

26. 

Oliver  Phelps, 

39. 

John  S.  Veeder, 

13. 

J.  W.  Hardenbrook, 

27. 

James  Woods, 

40. 

Asa  Clark,  Jr. 

14. 

Joseph  Reynolds, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Daniel  Vliet, 

Aaron  Vansyckel. 

1. 

Peter  J.  Terhune, 

3. 

Joseph  Rogers, 

5. 

William  Munroe, 

2. 

John  M.  Perrine, 

4. 

James  Newell, 

6. 

William  L.  Stiles. 

Samuel  McKean, 


1.   C.  Garber, 
2.  William  Swilland, 
3.  John  T.  Knight, 
4.  W.  Brindle, 
5.  William  Thomson, 
6.  Adam  Light, 
7.  Edward  King, 
8.  George  Barnitz, 
9.  B.  W.  Richards, 
10.  D.  Sheffer, 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 

George  Truitt, 
1.  H.  P.  Hall. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

George  W.  Smick, 
Frederick  Orwan, 
John  Slaymaker, 
George  McCullock, 
Oliver  Alison, 
John  Murray, 
George  G.  Leiper, 
David  Gilman, 
Henry  Scheetz, 

DELAWARE. 


David  D.  Wagener. 

20.  David  Prazier, 

21.  Adam  Ritscher, 

22.  P.  Mulvany, 

23.  William  Addams, 

24.  J.  Patten, 

25.  JohnSchall, 

26.  J.  Y.  Bauley, 

27.  J.  Rooker, 

28.  Wilson  Smith. 


C.  P.  Comegys. 


MARYLAND. 

R.  H.  Goldsborough,  William  Price. 

1.  J.  S.  Smith,  3.  William  Prick,  5.  U.  S.  Heath, 

2.  William  B.  Tyler,  4.  Albert  Constable,  6.  John  L.  Steele. 


George  Loyall, 

1.  John  Cargill, 

2.  John  Gibson, 

3.  James  Jones, 

4.  J.  Homer, 

5.  Thomas  M.  Nelson, 

6.  H.  L.  Opie, 

7.  Archibald  Austin, 


A.  W.  Venable, 

1.  Robert  Love, 

2.  I.  I.  Daniel, 

3.  George  L.  Davidson, 

4.  W.  B.  Lockhart, 

5.  Peregrine  Roberts, 


VIRGINIA. 

8.  James  M.  Mason, 

9.  Richard  Logan, 

10.  John  McMillan, 

11.  Joseph  Martin, 

12.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

13.  William  Jones, 

14.  Charles  Beale, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

6.  P.  Ward, 

7.  Thomas  G.  Polk, 

8.  R.  D.  Spaight, 

9.  Thomas  Settle, 


Samuel  Blackwell. 

15.  W.  H.  Roane, 

16.  Thomas  Bland, 

17.  Samuel  Carr, 

18.  A.  Russell, 

19.  L.  T.  Dade, 

20.  Philip  N.  Nicholas, 

21.  A.  R.  Harwood. 


J.  O.  Watson. 

10.  Owen  Holmes, 

11.  J.  M.  Morehead, 

12.  Henry  Skinner, 

13.  William  H.  Leak, 


452 


APPENDIX. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Kobert  J.  Turnbull, 

1.  W.  Thompson,  Jr.,          4.  Thomas  Lyles, 

2.  Samuel  Cherry,  5.  W.  B.  Seabrook, 

3.  William  Dubose,  6.  Thomas  Dugan, 


Elijah  Watson. 

7.  Benjamin  Hart, 

8.  Joseph  S.  Shelton, 

9.  Thomas  Evans. 


Beverly  Allen, 

1.  Elias  Beall, 

2.  Henry  Jackson, 

3.  David  Blackshear, 


M.  Aiken, 

1.  William  Snodgrass, 

2.  J.  G.  Bostick, 

3.  Jesse  Wallace, 

4.  Elliott  Hickman, 

5.  W.  B.  A.  Kamsey, 

Joseph  Eve, 

1.  Benjamin  Hardin, 

2.  W.  K.  Wall, 

3.  M.  P.  Marshall, 

4.  J.  L.  Hickman, 

5.  M.  V.  Thompson, 


GEORGIA. 

4.  William  Terrell, 

5.  W.  B.  Bullock, 

6.  John  Whitehead, 

TENNESSEE. 

6.  William  Pillow, 

7.  Joseph  McMillon, 

8.  Willie  Blount, 

9.  William  Stroud,  Sr., 

KENTUCKY. 

6.  William  Ousley, 

7.  Burr  Harrison, 

8.  Thomas  Chilton, 

9.  John  I.  Marshall, 


Henry  Holt. 

7.  John  Floyd, 

8.  Wilson  Williams, 

9.  Seaton  Grantland. 


Daniel  Bowman. 

10.  David  Feutress, 

11.  John  Heam, 

12.  B.  Coleman, 

13.  George  Elliott. 


Alney  McLeon. 

10.  D.  S.  Patton, 

11.  E.  M.  Ewing, 

12.  M.  Beatty, 

13.  Thompson  M.  Ewing. 


Benjamin  Tappan, 
1.  John  M.  Goodenow,        8. 


2.  Valentine  Keffer, 

3.  I.  D.  Morris, 

4.  Isaac  Humphreys, 

5.  Mark  T.  Wills, 

6.  Alexander  Elliott, 

7.  K.  D.  Forman, 

J.  B.  Planche, 
1.  Thomas  W.  Scott, 


9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
18. 


OHIO. 

Joseph  J.  McDowell. 

John  Chaney,  14.  William  S.  Tracy, 

Alexander  McConnell,  15.  George  Marshall, 
George  Sharpe,  16.  Jeremiah  McLane, 

Michael  Moore,  17.  Eli  Baldwin, 

Fisher  A.  Blocksom,     18.  H.  J.  Harman, 
John  Lavwell,  19.  Jonathan  Cilley. 


LOUISIANA. 


2.  W.  H.  Overton, 


Alexander  Mouton. 
3.  T.  Landry. 


INDIANA. 
George  Boon,  M.  Crune. 

1.  W.  Armstrong,  4.  John  Ketchum,  6.  Thomas  Givens, 

2.  Alexander  J.  Burnett,    5.  Arthur  Patterson,  7.  N.  B.  Palmer. 

3.  James  Blake, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

William  Dowsing,  Samuel  Hunter. 

1.  Wiley  P.  Harris,  2.  W.  W.  Cherry. 


James  Evans, 
1.  John  C.  Alexander, 


ILLINOIS. 
2.  Thomas  Kay, 


Adams  Dunlap. 

3.  Abner  Flack. 


ALABAMA. 
Henry  King,  William  Edmondson. 

1.  John  J.  Winston,  3.  William  K.  Pickett,        5.  Theophilus  Toulmin. 

2.  William  P.  Gould,  4.  George  Phillips, 


Joel  H.  Haden, 
1.  William  Blackey, 


MISSOURI. 

2.  Henry  Shurlds. 


John  Hume. 


APPENDIX. 


453 


THIRTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1837. 

MARTIN  VAN  BUREN  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri, 
Arkansas,  Michigan — 170.  William  H.  Harrison  received  the  entire  vote  of  Ver 
mont,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and  Indiana — 73 ; 
Hugh  L.  White,  the  vote  of  Georgia  and  of  Tennessee— 26 ;  Daniel  Webster,  the 
vote  of  Massachusetts — 14;  and  W.  P.'  Mangum,  the  vote  of  South  Carolina — 11. 
RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON  was  chosen  Vice-President  by  the  Senate,  no  one  having 
received  a  majority  of  the  electoral  votes,  which  stood :  Richard  M.  Johnson,  147; 
Francis  Granger,  77;  John  Tyler,  47;  William  Smith,  23.  The  Electors  were: 

MAINE. 
Reuel  Williams,  Shepherd  Carey. 

1.  Sheldon  Hobbs,  4.  John  Hamblen,  7.  John  H.  Jarvis, 

2.  Joseph  Tobin,  5.  Benjamin  Burgess,  8.  S.  S.  Heagan. 

3.  Jonathan  Smith,  6.  William  Thompson, 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Jonathan  Harvey, 

1.  Isaac  Waldron,  3.  Tristam  Shaw, 

2.  G.  Gilmore,  4.  Ebenezer  Carlton, 


Josiah  Russell. 

5.  Stephen  Gale. 


Jabez  Proctor, 

1.  S.  Swift, 

2.  Titus  Hutchinson, 


VERMONT. 

3.  David  Crawford, 

4.  W.  A.  Griswold, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Nathaniel  Silsbee, 

1.  E.  A.  Newton,  5.  Loammi  Baldwin, 

2.  Leverett  Saltonstall,        6.  Thomas  Longlay, 

3.  Benjamin  Walker,  7.  Samuel  Lee, 

4.  Isaac  C.  Bates,  8.  Bezabeel  Taft,  Jr., 


T.  Howe. 

5.  Edward  Lamb. 


Samuel  Appleton. 
9.  J.  G.  Kendall, 

10.  Howard  Lothrop, 

11.  Charles  W.  Morgan, 

12.  Charles  J.  Holmes. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

James  Fenner,  Henry  Bull. 

1.  John  D'Wolf,  2.  B.  H.  Thurston. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Lorain  T.  Pease,  Luther  Warren. 

1.  Alfred  Bassett,  3.  Julius  Clark,  5.  Moses  Gregory, 

2.  Seth  P.  Beers,  4.  R.  P.  Williams,  6.  Carlos  Chapman. 


NEW  YORK. 


Cornelius  W. 

1.  Jacob  Sutherland, 

2.  Gideon  Ostrander, 

3.  Moses  Rolph, 

4.  John  Targee, 

5.  Jacob  Crocheron, 

6.  Jeremiah  Anderson, 

7.  Stephen  Allen, 

8.  James  Hooker, 

9.  Nathaniel  P.  Hill, 

10.  Ichabod  Bartlett, 

11.  Jeremiah  Russell, 

12.  Augustus  C.  Welch, 

13.  Zadock  Pratt, 

14.  Lyman  Strabridge, 


Lawrence, 


15.  Lucas  Hoes, 

16.  Whitcombe  Phelps, 

17.  Henry  Koon, 

18.  David  Munro, 

19.  Peter  Wendell, 

20.  Daniel  Dickey, 

21.  Herman  Gansevroot, 

22.  Peleg  Slade, 

23.  John  Gale, 

24.  Alanson  M.  Knapp, 

25.  Walcott  Tyrrell, 

26.  Jared  Willson, 

27.  David  C.  Judson, 


John  Cox. 


28.  Elisha  Doubleday, 

29.  Frederick  Lammons, 

30.  Joseph  Sibley, 

31.  Henry  Ellison, 

32.  Samuel  Benedict,  Jr., 

33.  Parker  Halleck, 

34.  Daniel  H.  Bissell, 

35.  George  F.  Falley, 

36.  Thomas  J.  Wheeler, 

37.  Orville  Hungerford, 

38.  Guy  H.  Goodrich, 

39.  Joshua  Babcock, 

40.  Hiram  Gardner. 


454 


APPENDIX. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
"William  Stevens, 

1.  John  H.  Hall,  3.  William  Brittan, 

2.  Joshua  Burr,  4.  David  Beevis, 


James  Thompson, 

1.  Robert  Patterson,  11. 

2.  Thomas  C.  Miller,  12. 

3.  Thomas  D.  Grover,  13. 

4.  William  Clark,  14. 

5.  Joseph  Burden,  15. 

6.  John  Mitchell,  16. 

7.  John  Naglee,  17. 

8.  Leonard  Kupert,  18. 

9.  Samuel  Badger,  19. 
10.  George  Kriner, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Gardner  Furness, 
Asa  Mann, 
Oliver  Allison, 
William  K.  Smith, 
Henry  Myers, 
S.  L.  Carpenter, 
John  B.  Sterigere, 
Robert  Patterson, 
Henry  Chapman, 


DELAWARE. 


1. 


William  W.  Morris, 
H.  F.  Hall. 


Allison  Ely. 

5.  Josiah  S.  Worth, 

6.  J.  Learning. 


Henry  Welsh. 

20.  Wallace  M.  Williams, 

21.  Jacob  Kern, 

22.  James  Power, 

23.  Jacob  Dillinger, 

24.  Robert  Orr, 

25.  Paul  Geiger, 

26.  John  Carothers, 

27.  Calvin  Blythe, 

28.  John  P.  Davis. 


William  Dunning. 


Elias  Brown, 

1.  J.  B.  Ricaud, 

2.  George  Howard, 

3.  William  Price, 


A.  Smith, 

1.  John  Cargill, 

2.  W.  Holladay, 

3.  James  Jones, 

4.  I.  Homer, 

5.  Wm.  R.  Baskerville, 

6.  H.  L.  Opie, 

7.  Archibald  Austin, 


MARYLAND. 

David  Hoffman. 

4.  J.  M.  Coale,  7.  T.  Burchenal, 

5.  Anthony  Kimmel,  8.  Thomas  G.  Pratt. 

6.  Robert  W.  Bowie, 

VIRGINIA. 

8.  A.  S.  Baldwin, 

9.  Richard  Logan, 

10.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

11.  A.  Stuart, 

12.  D.  B.  Layne, 

13.  H.  Hudgins, 

14.  A.  Bierne, 


Samuel  Carr. 

15.  A.  R.  Harwood, 

16.  James  Hoge, 

17.  John  Moncure, 

18.  John  Gibson, 

19.  W.  H.  Roane, 

20.  Samuel  L.  Hays, 

21.  John  Hindman. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

6.  G.  C.  Marchant, 

7.  John  Hill, 

8.  L.  D.  Wilson, 

9.  John  Parker, 


Josiah  O.  Watson. 

10.  W.  P.  Ferrand, 

11.  W.  A.  Morris, 

12.  Owen  Holmes, 

13.  A.  W.  Venable. 


Robert  Love, 

1.  George  Bower, 

2.  Nathaniel  Macon, 

3.  John  Wilson, 

4.  W.  B.  Lockhart, 

5.  A.  Henderson, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
John  Littlejohn,  Thomas  L.  Gourdin. 

1.  Patrick  Noble,  4.  B.  T.  Elmore,  7.  John  Frampton, 

2.  Thomas  Dugan,  5.  Thomas  F.  Jones,  8.  B.  K.  Hanegan, 

3.  D.  J.  McCord,  6.  R.  H.  Goodwin,  9.  John  Maxwell. 


GEORGIA. 
George  R.  Gilmer, 

1.  John  W.  Campbell,        4.  William  H.  Holt, 

2.  Howell  Cobb,  5.  E.  Wimberly, 

3.  Gibson  Clark,  6.  Ambrose  Baber, 


Thomas  Stocks. 

7.  Thomas  Hamilton, 

8.  David  Meriwether, 

9.  C.  Hines. 


ALABAMA. 
William  Smith,  Robert  H.  Watkins. 

1.  John  McKinley,  3.  Thomas  D.  King,  5.  William  R.  Pickett. 

2.  John  S.  Hunter,  4.  William  R.  Hallett, 


APPENDIX. 


455 


Robert  J.  McKinney, 

1.  John  Netherland, 

2.  W.  E.  Anderson, 

3.  Alexander  E.  Smith, 

4.  Andrew  J.  Hoover, 

5.  James  Park, 


TENNESSEE. 

John  Gordon. 

6.  T.  F.  Bradford,  10.  S.  D.  Frierson, 

7.  James  A.  "VVhiteside,   11.  Richard  Cheatham, 

8.  Neil  S.  Brown,  12.  L.  P.  Williamson, 

9.  Asa  Falkner,  13.  William  W.  Lea. 


Burr  Harrison, 

1.  Henry  Daniel, 

2.  William  K.  Wall, 

3.  Philip  Triplett, 

4.  Robert  Wickliff, 

5.  D.  S.  Patton, 


KENTUCKY. 


6.  Thomas  Metcalf, 

7.  E.  Rumsey, 

8.  M.  P.  Marshall, 

9.  Richard  A.  Buckner, 

OHIO. 


Thomas  P.  Wilson. 

10.  J.  F.  Ballinger, 

11.  C.  Tompkins, 

12.  Robert  P.  Letcher, 

13.  M.  Beaty. 


1. 

2. 

3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 

1. 

Benjamin  Ruggles, 
Joshua  Collett,                 8. 
Ira  Belknap,                     9. 
George  P.  Torrence,      10. 
Samuel  Elliott,               11. 
Andrew  McClany,         12. 
Mordecai  Bartley,          13. 
Elijah  Huntington, 

Thomas  Hinds, 
B.  W.  Edwards,               2. 

W 

John  Codding, 
Isaiah  Morris, 
Jared  P.  Kirtland, 
Alexander  Campbell, 
D.  Hasbough, 
William  Kendall, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

R. 

H.  G.  Runnels. 

.  C. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 

H. 

Kirker. 

John  P.  Coulter, 
Abels  Rennick, 
John  L.  Lacy, 
Christian  King, 
Andrew  Donnelly, 
Samuel  Newell. 


LOUISIANA. 
J.  B.  Planche", 
1.  T.  U.  Scott,  2.  P.  E.  Bossier, 

INDIANA. 
John  C.  Clendenin, 

1.  Hiram  Decker,  4.  A.  L.  White, 

2.  A.  W.  Morris,  5.  Enoch  McCarty, 

3.  Milton  Stapp, 

MISSOURI. 

George  F.  Bellinger, 
1.  John  Sappington,  2.  A.  Bird. 


Alexander  Mouton. 
3.  T.  Landry. 


Achilles  Williams. 

6.  M.  G.  Clark, 

7.  A.  P.  Andrews. 


William  Monroe. 


John  Miller, 
1.  Joshua  Morrison. 


Daniel  Le  Roy, 
1.  David  C.  McKinstry. 


John  Wyatt, 
1.  Samuel  Leach, 


ARKANSAS. 
MICHIGAN. 

ILLINOIS. 
2.  John  Pearson, 


A.  B.  Anthony. 
William  H.  Hoeg. 


Samuel  Hachleton. 

3.  John  D.  Whitesides. 


456 


APPENDIX. 


FOURTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1841. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  elec 
toral-vote  of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  and  Michigan — 234. 
Martin  Van  Buren  received  the  entire  vote  of  New  Hampshire,  Virginia,  South 
Carolina,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  and  Arkansas — 60.  JOHN  TYLER  was 
elected  Vice-President,  receiving  234  votes  ;  while  R.  M.  Johnson  had  48,  L.  "W. 
Tazewell  11,  and  James  K.  Polk  1.  The  Electors  were  : 


Isaac  Ilsley, 

1.  Isaac  Hodson,  4. 

2.  E.  Robinson,  5. 

3.  Samuel  Small,  6. 


Samuel  Burns, 

1.  John  Scott,  3. 

2.  J.  W.  Weeks,  4. 


Samuel  C.  Crafts, 

1.  EzraMeech,  3. 

2.  A.  B.  W.  Tenney,        4. 


Isaac  C.  Bates, 

1.  Peleg  Sprague,  5. 

2.  Sidney  Willard,  6. 

3.  Richard  Houghton,  7. 

4.  Ira  M.  Barton,  8. 


Nicholas  Brown, 
1.  George  Engs,  2. 


MAINE. 

Thomas  Fillebrown. 

Benjamin  P.  Oilman,      7.  Charles  Trafton, 
Rufus  K.  Goodenow,       8.  Thomas  Robinson. 
J.  Huse, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Samuel  Hatch, 
F.  Holbrook, 


S.  Perley. 

5.  Andrew  Paine,  Jr. 


VERMONT. 

John  Conaut. 

William  Henry,  5.  Joseph  Reed. 

William  P.  Briggs, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Rufus  Longley. 

S.  C.  Phillips,  9.  Thomas  French, 

George  Grinnel,  Jr.,       10.  John  B.  Thomas, 
Samuel  Mixter,  11.  W.  Wood, 

Joseph  Tripp,  12.  J.  Z.  Goodrich. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
William  Rhodes. 


W.  Weeden. 


H.  Spencer, 

1.  James  Brewster, 

2.  P.  Pearl, 


James  Burt, 

1.  Abraham  Rose, 

2.  H.   Watson, 

3.  John  T.  Harrison, 

4.  G.  P.  Griffith, 

5.  John  L.  Lawrence, 

6.  A.  Mclntyre, 

7.  Joseph  Tucker, 

8.  E.  Stimson, 

9.  J.  P.  Phoenix, 

10.  Josiah  Hand, 

11.  Richard  S.  Williams, 

12.  K.  P.  Cool, 

13.  P.  Van  Cortlandt, 

14.  Jonathan  Wallace, 


CONNECTICUT. 

3.  A.  Larrabee, 

4.  P.  Bierce, 

NEW  YORK. 

15.  B.  White, 

16.  H.  P.  Voorhies, 

17.  N.  Dubois, 

18.  Thomas  Burch, 

19.  Peter  G*  Sharp, 

20.  P.  B.  Porter, 

21.  John  I.  Knox, 

22.  Albert  Crane, 

23.  Peter  Pratt, 

24.  Charles  Bradish, 

25.  E.  Merrick, 

26.  Gideon  Lee, 

27.  J.  Livingston, 


Reuben  Booth. 

5.  J.  Green, 

6.  J.  S.  Peters. 


Elisha  Jenkins. 

28.  Grattan  H.  Wheeler, 

29.  Isaac  Ogden, 

30.  William  Garbutt, 

31.  Samuel  Balcom, 

32.  P.  L   Tracey, 

33.  I.  I.  Speed,  Jr., 

34.  John  Wheeier, 

35.  D.  Hibbard, 

36.  Philo  Orton, 

37.  John  Williams, 

38.  H.  R.  Seymour, 

39.  B.  D.  Noxen, 

40.  Davis  Kurd. 


APPENDIX. 


457 


• 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Lewis  Condict,                                              John  Runk. 

1. 

C.  Stepton, 

3.  James  Sliff, 

5.  J.  M.  Ryerson, 

2. 

Samuel  G.  Wright, 

4.  Thomas  Newbold, 

6.  Joshua  Townsend. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

J.  A.  Shulze, 

A. 

R.  Mcllvain. 

1. 

J.  Ritner, 

11.  A.  Ellmaker, 

20.  T.  M.  T.  McKennan. 

2. 

J.  K.  Zeilin, 

12.  William  Addams, 

21.  John  Reed, 

3. 

L.  Passmore, 

13.  John  Harper, 

22.  H.  Denny, 

4. 
5. 

Robert  Stimson, 
J.  P.  Wetherell, 

14.  B.  Connelly,  Jr., 
15.  William  Mcllvain, 

23.  A.  B.  Wilson, 
24.  Joseph  Buffington, 

6. 

W.  S.  Hendrie, 

16.  Joseph  Markle, 

25.  N.  Middleswarth, 

7. 

Thomas  P.  Cope, 

17.  J.  Dickson, 

26.  Henry  Black, 

8. 

I.  J.  Ross, 

18.  J.  G.  Fordyce, 

27.  George  Walker, 

9. 

F.  Gillingham, 

19.  J.  McKeehan, 

28.  John  Dick. 

10. 

Peter  Filbert, 

Benjamin  Caulk, 
Peter  J.  Causey. 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 
David  Hoffman, 


H.  F.  Hall. 


J.  P.  Kennedy. 


1.  J.  L.  Kerr, 

4.  Richard  J.  Bowie, 

7.  W.  T.  Woolton, 

2.  George  Howard, 

5.  Jacob  A.  Preston, 

8.  Thomas  A.  Spence. 

3.  Theodore  R.  Locker- 

6.  James  M.  Coale, 

man, 

VIRGINIA. 

A.  Smith, 

Richard  Logan. 

1.  J.  Cargill, 

8.  John  Gibson, 

15.  J.  Homer, 

2.  Archibald  Stuart, 

9.  J.  B.  Halybirton, 

16.  James  Hoge, 

3.  James  Jones, 

10.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

17.  Richard  E.  Byrd, 

4.  William  Tod, 

11.  J.  T.  Randolph, 

18.  William  Byers, 

5.  William  R.  Baskeville, 

12.  William  Taylor, 

19.  William  A.  Harris, 

6.  A.  Brockenbrough, 

13.  W.  Holliday, 

20.  Benjamin  Brown, 

7.  Charles  Yancey, 

14.  A.  C.  Chapman, 

21.  John  Hurdman. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

James  Welborn 

D. 

F.  Caldwell. 

1.  Charles  McDowell, 

6.  William  W.  Cherry, 

10.  Josiah  Collins, 

2.  J.  B.  Kelly, 

7.   James  S.  Smith, 

11.  William  L.  Long, 

3.    D.  Ramsour, 

8.  Thomas  F.  Jones, 

12.  James  W.  Bryan, 

4.  James  Mebane, 

9.  Charles  Manly, 

13.  Daniel  B.  Baker. 

5.  A.  Rencher, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Crawford, 

J. 

L.  Jeter. 

1.  J.  J.  Caldwell, 

4.  J.  Buchanan, 

7.  W.  McWillie, 

2.  W.  H.  Cannon, 

5.  H.  J.  Johnson, 

8.  J.  Jenkins, 

3.  A.  Mazyck, 

6.  F.  J.  Goodwyn, 

9.  John  L.  Ashe. 

GEORGIA. 

George  R.  Gilmer,                                        A. 

Miller. 

1.  D.  L.  Clinch, 
2.  W.  W.  Ezzard, 

4.  C.  B.  Strong, 
5.  Joel  Crawford, 

7.  Charles  Dougherty, 
8.  J.  Whitehead, 

3.  J.  W.  Campbell, 

6.  E.  Wimberly, 

9.  S.  Grantland. 

ALABAMA. 
William  K.  Hallett,  Joseph  P.  Frazier. 

1.  B.  M.  Lowe,  3.  M.  F.  Rainey,  5.  J.  Murphy. 

2.  Benjamin  Fitzpatrick,    4.  Benjamin  Reynolds, 

30 


458 


APPENDIX. 


S.  S.  Prentiss, 
1.  J.  J.  Stewart, 


MISSISSIPPI. 
2.  Henry  Dickenson. 


Thomas  J.  Word. 


TENNESSEE. 
E.  H.  Foster,  Thomas  I.  Campbell. 

1.  S.  Jarnagin,  5.  William  P.  Senter,          9.  J.  H.  Cahal, 

2.  J.  F.  Morford,  6.  James  O.  Janes,  10.  G.  A.  Henry, 

3.  Thomas  D.  Arnold,         7.  A.  A.  Anderson,  11.  E.  J.  Shields, 

4.  Thomas  L.  Bransford,    8.  D.  W.  Dickenson,         12.  George  W.  Gibbs. 


KENTUCKY. 
Kichard  A.  Buckner, 
James  F.  Morehead,        6.  Daniel  Breck, 

7.  James  W.  Irwin, 

8.  E.  H.  Menefee, 


Thomas  W.  Biley, 
Eobert  Patterson, 
William  H.  Field, 
Iredell  Hart, 


9.  B.  Y.  Ousley, 
OHIO. 


William  K.  Putnam, 
Alexander  Mayhew,        8.  Aquila  Toland, 

9.  Perley  B.  Johnson, 

10.  John  Dukes, 

11.  Otho  Brashear, 

12.  James  Eaquet, 


Henry  Barter, 
A.  Spafford, 
Joshua  Collett, 
Abram  Miley, 
Samuel  F.  Vinton, 
John  I.  Vanmeter, 


J.  McCarty, 
J.  W.  Payne, 
Joseph  L.  White, 
Eichard  W.  Thompson, 

A.  W.  Snyder, 
Isaac  P.  Walker, 


13.  C.  S.  Miller, 
INDIANA. 

4.  James  H.  Cravens, 

5.  Caleb  B.  Smith, 

ILLINOIS. 
2.  James  H.  Ealston, 


MICHIGAN. 
Thomas  J.  Drake, 
1.  J.  Van  Fassen. 

LOUISIANA. 
William  De  Buys, 
1.  J.  Birnard,  2.  S.  Lewis, 

MISSOURI. 
A.  Byrd, 
1.  E.  Dobyns, 


Charles  G.  W'intersmith. 

10.  M.  P.  Marshall,  ' 

11.  James  Harlan, 

12.  A.  Beatty, 

13.  W.  W.  Southgate. 


Eeasin  Beall. 

14.  John  Carey, 

15.  David  King, 

16.  Storm  Eosa, 

17.  John  Beatty, 

18.  John  Augustine, 

19.  John  Jameson. 


Joseph  G.  Marshall. 

6.  William  Herod, 

7.  Samuel  C.  Sample. 


J.  A.  McClernand. 

3.  I.  W.  Eldridge. 

H.  G.  Wells. 


Jacques  Dupre". 
3.  L.  Barras. 


2.  W.  G.  Meriwether. 


James  Holman. 


ARKANSAS. 


John  McClellen, 
1.  John  Miller. 


Samuel  M.  Eutherford. 


FIFTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1845. 

JAMES  K.  POLK  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  Arkansas, 
and  Michigan — 170.  Henry  Clay  received  the  vote  of  Ehode  Island,  Massachu 
setts,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina, 


APPENDIX. 


459 


Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Ohio — 105.    GEORGE  M.  DALLAS  was  elected  Vice-Pre 
sident,  receiving  170  votes;  while  T.  Frelinghuysen  had  105.    The  Electors  were  : 

MAINE. 
James  W.  Bradbury, 

1.  John  Stickney,  4.  Levi  Morrill, 

2.  Ichabod  Jordan,  5.  J.  A.  Lowell, 

3.  Alfred  Pierce, 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
William  Badger, 

1.  John  McNeil,  3.  E.  R.  Currier, 

2.  E.  Sawyer, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Abbott  Lawrence, 

1.  Lewis  Strong,  5.  J.  P.  Allen, 

2.  Charles  Allen,  6.  C.  B.  Rising, 

3.  N.  Appleton,  7.  Homer  Bartlett, 

4.  W.  B.  Calhoun, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Benjamin  Weaver, 
1.  Stephen  Steere,  2.  N.  F.  Dixon. 


John  Foster. 

6.  Thomas  Bartlett, 

7.  Nathaniel  Kobinson. 


Isaac  Hale. 

4.  J.  L.  Putnam. 


A.  R.  Thompson. 

8.  Elijah  Vose, 

9.  W.  Baylies, 
10.  Seth  Crowell. 


John  Greene. 


Clark  Bissell, 

1.  Charles  W.  Rockwell, 

2.  Joseph  L.  Gladding, 

J.  H.  Harris, 

1.  John  Pick, 

2.  Benjamin  Swift, 


CONNECTICUT. 
3.  S.  A.  Foote, 

VERMONT. 
3.  C.  Townsley, 


NEW  YORK. 
Benjamin  F.  Butler, 

1.  Daniel  S.  Dickenson,    13.  J.  J.  Coddington, 

2.  Clemence  Whitaker,     14.  Daniel  Dana, 

3.  Hugh  Halsey, 

4.  A.  Doane, 

5.  H.  Thompson, 


15.  Daniel  Johnson, 

16.  John  Gillett, 

17.  J.  Crawford, 


6.  Thomas  H.  Hubbard,    18.  J.  E.  Bogardus, 

7.  George  Douglass, 

8.  L.  Pettengill, 

9.  Neil  Cray, 

10.  William  Mason, 

11.  W.  S.  Havemayer, 


N.  O.  Kellogg. 

4.  Truman  Smith. 


C.  Coolidge. 

4.  E.  Fairbanks. 


John  Nellis. 

24.  John  Lapham, 

25.  N.  M.  Martin, 

26.  J.  D.  Higgins, 

27.  J.|K.  Page, 

28.  R.  H.  Shankland, 

29.  John  Savage, 

30.  J.  Hascall,  Jr., 

31.  William  Hedding, 


12.  H.  Potts, 

J.  B.  Aycrigg, 

1.  Charles  Reeves, 

2.  E.  Y.  Rogers, 


19.  William  Murrey, 

20.  J.  Boynton, 

21.  JacobusHoerolnburgh,  32.  Rufus  H.  Smith, 

22.  E.  Johnson,  33.  John  Fay, 

23.  J.  L.  Hogeboom,  34.  A.  Hogeboom. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  E.  Q.  Keasbeg, 

4.  James  Stewart, 


John  Emly. 

5.  A.  Godwin. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Wilson  McCandless, 

1.  Asa  Dimock,  9.  John  Hill, 

2.  N.  W.  Sample, 

3.  G.  F.  Lehman, 

4.  William  Heidenrich, 

5.  Christian  Kneass, 

6.  Conrad  Shimer, 

7.  William  H.  Smith, 

8.  Stephen  Baldy, 


10.  I.  Brewster, 

11.  Samuel  E.  Leech, 

12.  George  Schnable, 

13.  Samuel  Camp, 

14.  N.  B.  Eldred, 

15.  William  N.  Irvine, 

16.  John  Matthews, 


Jesse  Sharp. 

17.  James  Woodburn, 

18.  William  Patterson, 

19.  Hugh  Montgomery, 

20.  A.  Burke, 

21.  Isaac  Ankeny, 

22.  John  M.  Gill, 

23.  C.  Meyers, 

24.  Robert  Orr. 


460 


APPENDIX. 


DELAWARE. 

Alfred  Dupont,  Thomas  Davis. 

1.  Enoch  Spruance. 

MARYLAND. 
William  M.  Gaither,  William  Price. 

1.  James  B.  Eicaud,  3.  Thomas  S.  Alexander,    5.  H.  E.  Wright, 

2.  C.  K.  Stewart,  4.  A.  W.  Bradford,  6.  Samuel  Hambleton. 


VIRGINIA. 
John  S.  Millson, 

Thomas  Wallace,  6.  G.  B.  Samuels, 

Eichard  Coke,  Jr., 
E.  H.  Baptiste, 
H.  Bedinger, 


William  Daniel, 


W.  H.  Eoane. 

11.  William  Smith, 

7.  A.  Stuart,  12.  E.  A.  Thompson, 

8.  James  Hoge,  13.  William  P.  Tayjor, 

9.  Thomas  J.  Eandolph,    14.  Joseph  Johnson, 
10.  H.  S.  Kane,  15.  William  S.  Morgan. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
William  W.  Cheny,  _  Josiah  Collins. 

7.  James  W.  Osborne, 


E.  B.  G-illiam, 


4.  M.  Q.  Waddell, 


8.  J.  Horton, 

9.  John  Baxter. 


F.  W.  Pickens. 

6.  William  Cairn, 

7.  E.  De  Treville. 


W.  H.  Washington, 
D.  B.  Baker, 

F.  H.  Elmore, 
J.  D.  Wetherspoon, 
H.  C.  Young, 
F.  W.  Huey, 

GEORGIA. 

Charles  J.  McDonald,  Alfred  Iverson. 

B.  Graves,  4.  Charles  Murphy,  7.  William  B.  Woiford, 

H.  V.  Johnson,  5.  William  F.  Sandford,     8.  Eli  H.  Baxter. 

R.  M.  Charlton,  6.  George  W.  Towers, 


5.  John  Kern, 

6.  A.  H.  Shepard, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  <T.  B.  Skipper, 

5.  L.  Boozer, 


P.  Triplett, 

1.  B.  M.  Crenshaw, 

2.  W.  W.  Southgaie, 

3.  Benjamin  Hardin, 

4.  W.  E.  Grigsby, 

Thomas  Corwin, 

1.  Bellamy  Storer, 

2.  Samson  Mason, 

3.  W.  Bebb, 

4.  D.  J.  Cory, 

5.  A.  Harlan, 

6.  J.  Scott, 

7.  E.  W.  Clark, 


John  Bell, 

1.  G.  A.  Henry, 

2.  J.  H.  Crozier, 

3.  J.  A.  E.  Nelson, 

4.  D.  L.  Barringer, 


G.  Leonard, 

1.  T.  Landry, 

2.  T.  W.  Scott, 


KENTUCKY. 

Greene  Adams. 

I.  K.  Underwood,  8.  Leslie  Coombs, 

W.  J.  Gram,  9.  JolmKincard, 

E.  A.  Patterson,  10.  L.  W.  Andrews. 


OHIO. 


David  Adams, 
Jos.  Olds, 
D.  S.  Norton, 
W.  W.  Conklin, 
James  K.  Holcombe, 
H.  Chapin, 
J.  Crooks, 


Peter  Hitchcock. 

15.  T.  W.  Bostwick, 

16.  W.  E.  Sapp, 

17.  J.  W.  Gill, 

18.  Cyrus  Spink, 

19.  J.  H.  Baldwin, 

20.  W.  S.  Perkins, 

21.  John  Fuller. 


TENNESSEE. 

Eobert  L.  Caruthers. 

5.  E.  H.  Hynds,  9.  H.  L.  Bransford, 

6.  N.  S.  Brown,  10.  William  T.  Haskell, 

7.  Thomas  E.  Jennings,    11.  Eobertson  Topp. 

8.  J.  D.  Tyler, 

LOUISIANA. 

J.  B.  Planch^. 
3.  A.  E.  Mouton,  4.  S.  W.  Downes. 


APPENDIX. 


461 


A.  Fox, 

1.  J.  W.  Matthews, 

2.  Jos.  Bell, 


James  G.  Keed, 

1.  William  A.  Bowles, 

2.  Elijah  Newland, 

3.  J.  M.  Johnston, 

4.  Samuel  E.  Perkins, 


A.  W.  Cavarly, 

1.  J.  D.  Wood, 

2.  John  Dement, 

3.  Willis  Allen, 

Lewis  Beaufait, 
1.  P.  S.  Paulding, 


E.  B.  Wathall, 

1.  W.  K.  Hallett, 

2.  Dixon  Hall, 

3.  Thomas  S.  Mays, 


W.  W.  Izard, 

1.  W.  S.  Oldham. 


James  S.  Green, 

1.  W.  P.  Hall, 

2.  William  Shields, 


MISSISSIPPI. 
3.  H.  S.  Foote, 


K.  H.  Boone. 

4.  Jefferson  Davis. 


INDIANA. 

G.  N.  Fitch. 

5.  William  W.  Wick,         8.  H.  W.  Ellsworth, 

6.  P.  C.  Dunning,  9.  Charles  W.  Cathcart, 

7.  Austin  M.  Puett,  10.  John  Gilbert. 


ILLINOIS. 

William  A.  Kichardson. 

4.  Isaac  N.  Arhold,  6.  John  Calhoun, 

5.  A.  C.  French,  7.  Norman  H.  Purple. 

MICHIGAN. 

George  Kedfield. 
2.  Charles  P.  Burch,  3.  Samuel  Arford. 


ALABAMA. 

4.  J.  J.  Winston, 

5.  J.  A.  Nooe, 


ARKANSAS. 


MISSOURI. 

3.  W.  C.  Jones, 

4.  Franklin  Cannon, 


Daniel  Hubbard. 

6.  Jeremiah  Clemens, 

7.  William  B.  Martin. 


Solon  Borland. 


William  A.  Hall. 

5.  William  L.  Sublette. 


SIXTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1849. 

ZACHARY  TAYLOR  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Massachusetts,  Khode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  Ten 
nessee,  Louisiana,  and  Florida — 163  votes.  Lewis  Cass  received  the  entire  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Ohio,  Mississippi,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Michigan,  Texas,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin — 
127  votes.  MILLARD  FILLMORE  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  163  votes  ; 
while  William  0.  Butler  received  127.  The  Electors  were: 


MAINE. 
Kufus  Mclntire, 

1.  H.  J.  Anderson,  4.  A.  Masters, 

2.  A.  Wiswell,  5.  E.  L.  Osgood, 

3.  O.  L.  Sanborn, 


Thomas  D.  Robinson. 

6.  Asa  Clark, 

7.  D.  R.  Straw. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


Samuel  Tilton, 

1.  Joseph  H.  Smith, 

2.  J.  Eastman, 


3.  E.  H.  Ayer, 


Jesse  Bowers. 

4.  Simeon  Warner. 


462 


APPENDIX. 


Levi  Lincoln, 

1.  E.  D  wight, 

2.  D.  Adams, 

3.  Albert  Fearing, 

4.  Isaac  Livermore. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

5.  B.  F.  Thomas, 

6.  M.  Lawrence, 

7.  A.  Howland, 


David  Pingree. 

8.  H.  A.  S.  Dearborn, 

9.  William  Baylies, 
10.  "William  K.  Easton. 


1.  I.  T.  Rhodes, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
William  Sprague,  George  C.  King. 


2.  K.  Babcock. 


CONNECTICUT. 

T.  W.  Williams,  Solomon  Olmsted. 

1.  E.  Jackson,  2.  J.  McClellan,  3.  J.  B.  Ferris. 


Timothy  Pollett. 
4.  E.  Cleveland. 


VERMONT. 
Erastus  Fairbanks, 

George  T.  Hodges,          3.  A.  L.  Catlin, 
A.  Tracy, 

NEW  YORK. 

H.  H.  Boss,  George  Griswold. 

A.  T.  Kose,  13.  J.  McKie,  24.  B.  F.  Harwood, 

George  Benson,  14.  B.  J.  Clark,  25.  S.  Francher, 

J.  M.  Cross,  15.  S.  Freeman,  26.  J.  Davenport, 

J.  C.  Cruger,  16.  J.  A.  Collier,  27.  E.  Sheldon, 

D.  Lord,  17.  I.  C.  Duff,  28.  D.  E.  Sill, 

T.  D.  Bull,  18.  J.  Bradley,  29.  M.  Butterfield, 

Jo.  Hoxie,  19.  William  B.  Welles,       30.  William  Kelchum, 

J.  S.  Smith,  20.  Daniel  Larkin,  31.  E.  D.  Smith, 

J.  Whittemore,  21.  Charles  K.  Barstow,      32.  O.  P.  Haskall, 

Robert  Dorian,  22.  O.  Poole,  33.  Asa  Chatfield, 

J.  Seymour,  23.  D.  Kellogg,  34.  Solomon  Parmalee. 
C.  F.  Crosby, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

John  Runk,  Isaac  V.  Brown. 

J.  Brick,  3.  Charles  Burroughs,         5.  Peter  I.  Ackerman. 

Robert  V.  Armstrong,    4.  C.  Howell, 


Thomas  M.  T. 

1.  John  P.  Sanderson, 

2.  W.  G.  Hurly, 

3.  J.  G.  Clarkson, 

4.  Francis  Tyler, 

5.  J.  P.  Wetherill, 

6.  H.  Johnson, 

7.  J.  M.  Davis, 

8.  William  Calder, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

McKennan,  Charles  Snyder. 

9.  Thomas  W.  Duffield,     17.  I.  Landes, 

10.  William  Mcllvaine,      18.  Joseph  Markle, 

11.  J.  Dungan, 

12.  Charles  W.  Fisher, 

13.  Daniel  E.  Hitner, 

14.  A.  G.  Curtin, 

15.  J.  D.  Steele, 


19.  Joseph  Schomacher, 

20.  Daniel  Agnew, 

21.  A.  M.  Loomis, 

22.  Thomas  H.  Sill, 

23.  Richard  Irwin, 


16.  Thomas  R.  Davidson,  24.  Samuel  A.  Purviance. 


DELAWARE. 
P.  Reybold, 
1.  G.  H.  Wright. 

MARYLAND. 
W.  L.  Gaither, 

1.  Joseph  S.  Cottman,         3.  J.  M.  S.  Causin, 

2.  J.  P.  Roman,  4.  J.  M.  Starris, 


Samuel  Cotts. 


A.  G.  Ege. 

5.  B.  C.  Wicker, 

6.  J.  C.  Derickson. 


APPENDIX. 


463 


J.  S.  Millson, 

1.  F.  E.  Rives, 

2.  Henry  A.  Wise, 

3.  H.  L.  Hopkins, 

4.  Thomas  Sloane, 

5.  W.  P.  Bocock, 


VIRGINIA. 

6.  G.  B.  Samuels, 

7.  W.  M.  Tredway, 

8.  John  Letcher, 

9.  S.  F.  Leake, 
10.  John  B.  Floyd, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Kenneth  Rayner, 

1.  Edward  Stanley,  4.  J.  Winslow, 

2.  "W.  H.  Washington,        5.  John  Kerr, 

3.  George  Davis,  6.  Rawley  Galloway, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Benjamin  F.  Perry, 

1.  Thomas  Lehre,  4.  W.  J.  Hanna, 

2.  J.  L.  Manning,  5.  N.  R.  Eaves, 

3.  P.  C.  Caldwell, 

GEORGIA. 
William  Terrell, 

1.  H.  W.  Sharpe,  4.  Asbury  Hull, 

2.  W.  Aiken,  5.  A.  W.  Redding, 

3.  William  H.  Crawford,    6.  Y.  P.  King, 


A.  Dixon, 

1.  L.  Lindsay,  5. 

2.  J.  L.  Johnson,  6. 

3.  F.  E.  McLean,  7. 

4.  William  Chenault, 


James  C.  Jones, 

1.  T.  A.  R.  Nelson,  5. 

2.  A.  G.  Watkins,  6. 

3.  R.  B.  Brabson,  7. 

4.  John  L.  Goodall,  8. 


KENTUCKY. 

T.  W.  Lisle, 
M.  D.  McHenry, 
B.  R.  Young, 


R.  G.  Scott. 

11.  J.  S.  Barbour,  Sr., 

12.  A.  G.  Pendleton, 

13.  H.  A.  Washington, 

14.  Samuel  L.  Haynes, 

15.  O.  W.  Largefit. 


H.  W.  Miller. 

7.  Jas.  W.  Osborne, 

8.  Tod  R.  Caldwell, 

9.  John  Baxton. 


Alexander  Ervins. 

6.  J.  B.  Campbell, 

7.  Benjamin  G.  Allston. 


Seaton  Grantland. 

7.  William  Moseley, 

8.  George  Stapleton. 


M.  V.  Thomson. 

8.  Leslie  Coombs, 

9.  A.  Trumbo, 

10.  W.  C.  Marshall. 


TENNESSEE. 

John  Netherland. 

William  Kercheval,        9.  A.  Goodrich, 
S.  E.  Rose,  10.  G.  D.  Searcy, 

J.  S.  Brien,  11.  C.  H.  Williams. 

William  Cullom, 


L.  Byington, 

1.  J.  Sniden, 

2.  George  Kesling, 

3.  J.  Kinney, 

4.  G.  Volney  Dorsey, 

5.  C.  M.  Godfrey, 

6.  S.  Diffenderfer, 

7.  S.  M.  Littell, 


OHIO. 


8.  D.  T.  Swinney, 

9.  Lewis  Anderson, 

10.  John  Lidey, 

11.  William  Lawrence. 

12.  William  J.  Fry, 

13.  Joseph  Burns, 

14.  W.  McDonald, 


Samuel  Starkweather. 

15.  D.  A.  Starkweather, 

16.  J.  B.  Butler, 

17.  H.  B.  Payne, 

18.  A.  Ives, 

19.  John  Caldwell, 

20.  John  Glover, 

21.  Van  S.  Murphy. 


LOUISIANA. 
Jacques  Joutant,  J.  P.  Benjamin. 

1.  M.  J.  Carcia,  3.  John  Moore,  4.  J.  G.  Campbell. 

2.  C.  Adams,  Jr., 

MISSISSIPPI. 
J.  A.  Quitman,  J.  W.  Chalmers. 

1.  D.  B.  Wright,  3.  William  McWillie,          4.  G.  W.  L.  Smith. 

2.  J.  A.  Ventress, 


464 


APPENDIX. 


INDIANA. 

Kobert  Dale  Owen,  E.  M.  Chamberlain. 

N.  Albertson,                   5.  James  Ritchey,  8.  Daniel  Mace, 

C.  L.  Dunham,                 6.  George  W.  Carr,  9.  G.  N.  Pitch, 

William  M.  McCarty,    7.  I.  M.  Hanna,  10.  A.  J.  Harlan. 
Charles  H.  Test, 

ILLINOIS. 

I.  Manning,  Ferris  Foreman. 

M.  Sweney,  4.  H.  W.  Vandervier,         6.  M.  E.  Hollister, 

C.  Lansing,  5.  S.  S.  Hayes,  7.  "W.  L.  Furgerson. 

"William  Martin, 

ALABAMA. 
John  A.  Winston, 

J.  E.  Saunders,  4.  James  Armstrong, 

Lewis  M.  Stone,  5.  J.  J.  Seibels, 

Francis  S.  Lyon, 

MISSOURI. 
J.  C.  Welborn, 

Abraham  McKinney,    3.  E.  B.  Ewing, 
B.  T.  Massey,  4.  James  H.  Eolfe, 


Columbus  W.  Lee. 

6.  C.  C.  Clay,  Jr., 

7.  James  F.  Dowdell. 


G.  D.  Hall. 

5.  Tristam  Polk. 


ARKANSAS. 
John  Martin, 
James  Yell. 

MICHIGAN. 
John  S.  Barry, 
Kix  Robinson,  2.  H.  C.  Thurbur, 

FLORIDA. 
Jackson  Morton, 
J.  H.  Mclntosh. 

TEXAS. 

James  B.  Miller, 
William  C.  Young,       2.  M.  A.  Dooley. 

IOWA. 

A.  C.  Dodge, 
Joseph  Williams,  2.  Lincoln  Clark. 

WISCONSIN. 
F.  Huebschmann, 
William  Dinwiddie,      2.  D.  P.  Mapes. 


John  S.  Krane. 


L.  M.  Mason. 

3.  William  T.  Howell. 


Samuel  Spencer. 
T.  G.  Brooks. 

J.  J.  Selman. 
Samuel  F.  Nicholas. 


SEVENTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1853. 

FRANKLIN  PIERCE  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Arkansas,  Ohio,  Michi 
gan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  California — 296.  Win- 
field  Scott  received  the  vote  of  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Tennessee,  and  Ken 
tucky — 42.  WILLIAM  R.  KING  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  254  votes  ; 
while  William  A.  Graham  had  42.  The  Electors  were  : 


R.  Mclntire, 

1.  G.  F.  Shepley, 

2.  R.  Lowell,    ' 


MAINE. 

3.  J.  H.  Fuller, 

4.  O.  Moses, 


J.  C.  Talbot. 

5.  D.  Richardson, 

6.  J.  W.  Tabor. 


APPENDIX. 


465 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

H.  Hubbard,  L.  Jones. 

1.  J.  A.  Douglass,  2.  S.  Webster,  3.  N.  B.  Baker. 

VERMONT. 

Portus  Baxter,  A.  P.  Lyman. 

1.  E.  P.  Walton,  2.  E.  Kirkland,  3.  L.  Adams. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
E.  C.  Winthrop,  J.  H.  W.  Page. 

1.  George  Bliss,  5.  E.  Torrey,  9.  J.  Coggin, 

2.  J.  Gardner,  6.  George  A.  Crocker,         10.  E.  Bullock, 

3.  E.  G.  Shaw,  7.  Amos  Lawrence,  11.  E.  E.  Colt. 

4.  George  Coggswell,         8.  Daniel  C.  Baker, 

EHODE  ISLAND. 

George  Turner,  A.  Ballou. 

1.  A.  Eddy,  2.  J.  Spink. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Thomas  H.  Seymour, 

1.  A.  P.  Hyde,  3.  S.  Bingham, 

2.  Charles  Parker, 


S.  B.  Piper, 

1.  P.  S.  Crooke, 

2.  E.  B.  Litchfield, 

3.  E.  T.  Compton, 

4.  J.  M.  Marsh, 

5.  I.  Murphy, 

6.  William  H.  Cornell, 

7.  G.  F.  Conover, 

8.  A.  F.  Vache, 

9.  E.  Suffern, 

10.  Alexander  Thompson, 

11.  Zadock  Pratt, 


YORK. 

12.  L.  Van  Buren, 

13.  J.  Pierson, 

14.  J.  W.  Bishop, 

15.  C.  Vosburgh, 

16.  Thomas  Crook, 

17.  W.  C.  Grain, 

18.  William  Taylor, 

19.  C.  S.  Grinnell, 

20.  W.  C.  Beardsley, 

21.  L.  J.  Walworth, 

22.  D.'A.  Ogden, 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Peter  D.  Vroom, 

1.  William  S.  Bowen,        3.  P.  B.  Kennedy, 

2.  G.  Black,  4.  J.  N.  Tavlor, 


H.  McCandless, 

1.  N.  B.  Eldred,  10. 

2.  Peter  Logan,  11. 

3.  George  H.  Martin,  12. 

4.  I.  Miller,  13. 

5.  F.  W.  Bockius,  14. 

6.  E.  McCoy,  Jr.,  15. 

7.  A.  Apple,  16. 

8.  N.  Strickland,  17. 

9.  A.  Peters, 

J.  Merritt, 
1.  Henry  Bacon. 

E.  M.  McLane, 

1.  J.  Parren,  3. 

2.  E.  H.  Alvey,  4. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

D.  Fister, 

E.  E.  James, 

J.  McEeynolds, 
Pardon  Damon, 
H.  C.  Eyer, 
J.  Clayton, 
Isaac  Eobinson, 
H.  Fetten, 

DELAWARE. 


N.  Belcher. 

4.  William  F.  Taylor. 


Charles  O'Connor. 

23.  T.  H.  Hubbard, 

24.  T.  G.  McDowell, 

25.  S.  G.  Hathaway, 

26.  F.  C.  Divinny, 

27.  D.  De  Wolf, 

28.  D.  Warners, 

29.  J.  C.  Collins, 

30.  T.  B.  Skinner, 

31.  William  Vaiidervoort, 

32.  W.  L.  G.  Smith, 

33.  Benjamin  Chamberlain. 


William  Wright. 
5.  E.  A.  Stevens. 


Eobert  Patterson. 

18.  J.  Burnside, 

19.  M.  McCaslin, 

20.  J.  McDonald, 

21.  W.  S.  Callahan, 

22.  A.  Burke, 

23.  William  Dunn, 

24.  J.  S.  McCalmont, 

25.  George  K.  Barrett. 


William  I.  Clark. 

MARYLAND. 

C.  Humphries. 

Carroll  Spence,  5.  J.  A.  Wickes, 

C.  J.  M.  Gwinne,  6.  E.  K.  Wilson. 


466 


APPENDIX. 


M.  Cooke, 

1.  T.  Eives, 

2.  W.  E.  Flournoy, 

3.  J.  Goode,  Jr., 

4.  K.  G.  Scott, 

5.  H.  A.  Wise, 


VIRGINIA. 

A.  H.  Dillard. 

R.  L.  Montague,  10.  James  McDowell, 

James  Barbour,  11.  J.  B.  Floyd, 

R.  Tucker,  12.  M.  H.  Johnson, 

George  E.  Deneale,        13.  Z.  Kidwell. 


James  C.  Dobbin, 

1.  Burton  Craige,  4. 

2.  W.  F.  Leak,  5. 

3.  Kobert  P.  Dick,  6. 


CAROLINA. 

William  H.  Thomas. 

A.  Kencher,  7.  D.  G.  W.  Ward, 

L.  O.  B.  Branch,  8.  Thomas  Bragg. 

Samuel  J.  Person, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


G.  Cannon, 

1.  J.  H.  Adams, 

2.  R.  F.  W.  Allston, 


3.  I.  F.  Marshall, 

4.  M.  E.  Cam, 


Thomas  P.  Brockman. 

5.  W.  D.  Porter, 

6.  C.  G.  Memminger. 


GEORGIA. 
Wilson  Lumpkin,  H.  V.  Johnson. 

1.  T.  M.  Forrrnan,  4.  H.  A.  Haralson,  7.  R.  W.  Flournoy, 

2.  K.  H.  Clarke,  5.  I.  E.  Brown,  8.  William  Schley. 

3.  H.  G.  Lamar,  6.  William  L.  Mitchell, 


Jesse  Coe, 
J.  C.  Smith. 

J.  A.  Winston, 
F.  S.  Lyon,  4. 

J.  S.  Seibels,  5. 

C.  W.  Lee, 

E.  C.  Wilkinson, 
W.  H.  Johnson,  3. 

O.  K.  Singleton,  4. 


FLORIDA. 


McQueen  Mclntosh. 


ALABAMA. 

E.  Saunders. 

L.  M.  Stone,  6.  C.  C.  Clay,  Jr., 

Jas.  Armstrong,  7.  J.  S.  Dowdell. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

A.  M.  Jackson. 

J.  H.  R.  Taylor,  5.  Hiram  Casseday. 

U.  S.  Featherston, 


LOUISIANA. 


E.  Warren  Moise, 

J.  B.  Planche,  3.  T.  Landry, 

Thomas  O.  Moore, 


George  W.  Smyth-, 
L.  D.  Evans. 


TEXAS. 


ARKANSAS. 


H.  M.  Rector, 
T.  B.  Flournoy,  2.  B.  T.  Duval. 


G.  A.  Henry, 
N.  G.  Taylor,  5. 

H.  Maynard,  6. 

George  Brown,  7. 

S.  M.  Fite, 

J.  F.  Bell, 

L.  Anderson,  5. 

J.  S.  McFarland,  6. 

J.  G.  Rogers,  7. 

Thomas  E.  Bramlette, 


TENNESSEE. 

J.  Stokes, 

J.  M.  Davidson, 

E.  R.  Osborne, 


T.  G.  Davidson. 

4.  R.  W.  Richardson. 


R.  S.  Neighbors. 


J.  A.  Carter. 


William  T.  Haskell. 

8.  J.  A.  McEwen, 

9.  A.  G.  Shrewsbury, 
10.  J.  R.  Moseby. 


KENTUCKY. 

Charles  S.  Morehead. 
J.  L.  Helm,  8.  J.  Rodman, 

C.  F.  Burnan,  9.  L.  M.  Cox, 

Thomas  F.  Marshall,     10.  Thomas  B.  Stevenson. 


APPENDIX. 


467 


W.  McLean, 

1.  B.  Burns, 

2.  J.  B.  Damble, 

3.  Charles  Kule, 

4.  "William  Golden, 

5.  G-.  W.  Stokes, 

6.  O.  Keyser, 

7.  R.  C.  Cunningham, 


J.  S.  Barry, 

1.  A.  Edwards, 

2.  William  McCauley, 

John  Pettit, 

1.  J.  H.  Lane, 

2.  A.  F.  Morrison, 

3.  J.  F.  Bead, 

4.  W.  C.  Larabee, 


OHIO. 

8.  H.  J.  Jewett, 

9.  E.  G.  Dial, 

10.  W.  O.  Key, 

11.  L.  H.  Steedman, 

12.  C.  H.  Mitchener, 

13.  C.  J.  Orton, 

14.  E.  T.  McArtor, 

MICHIGAN. 
3.  Salmer  Sharpe, 
INDIANA. 

5.  Jas.  S.  Athon, 

6.  George  B.  Buell, 

7.  Jas.  S.  Hester, 

8.  Samuel  A.  Hall, 


J.  A.  McClelland, 

1.  John  Calhoun,  4. 

2.  E.  G.  Sanger,  5. 

3.  E.  P.  Ferry,  6. 


E.  D.  Bevritt, 

1.  H.  F.  Gary,  4. 

2.  Wm.  D.  McCracken,    5. 

3.  C.  F.  Jackson, 

J.  E.  Fletcher, 
1.  A.  Hall,  2. 


M.  M.  Cothren, 
1.  B.  Brown,  2. 


W.  S.  Sherwood, 
1.  J.  W.  Gregory,  2. 


ILLINOIS. 

Vierby  Benedict, 

D.  L.  Gregg, 

E.  O'Melveny, 

MISSOURI. 

J.  D.  Stevenson, 
C.  F.  Holly, 

IOWA. 
W.  E.  Lefiftigwell. 

WISCONSIN. 
Philo  White, 

CALIFORNIA. 
Andrew  Pico. 


William  Palmer. 

15.  Joseph  Kyler 

16.  J.  Finley, 

17.  F.  Cleveland, 

18.  S.  D.  Harris, 

19.  E.  T.  Wilder, 

20.  E.  H.  Haines, 

21.  B.  T.  Johnson. 


D.  J.  Campau. 

4.  John  Stockton. 


Nathaniel  Balton. 
9.  E.  Dumont, 

10.  A.  H.  Brown, 

11.  J.  M.  Talbott. 


Richard  J.  Hamilton. 

7.  Jas.  Mahon, 

8.  Joseph  Knox, 

9.  C.  A.  Warren. 


Alexander  Kayser. 

6.  J.  M.  Gatewood, 

7.  Robert  E.  Acock. 


George  H.  Williams. 


Charles  Billinghurst. 
3.  S.  Clark. 


Thomas  J.  Henley. 


EIGHTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1857. 

JAMES  BUCHANAN  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Ala 
bama,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Florida,  Texas,  and  California — 173.  John  C.  Fre 
mont  received  the  entire  vote  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New  York,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Iowa,  and  Wiscon 
sin — 114.  Millard  Fillmore  received  the  vote  of  Maryland — 8.  JOHN  C.  BRECK- 
INRIDGE  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  173  votes;  while  W.  L.  Dayton 
had  114,  and  A.  J.  Donelson  8.  The  Electors  were  : 

MAINE. 

Noah  Smith,  Jr.,  S.  Perham. 

1.  James  Morton,  3.  K.  Crockett,  5.  A.  P.  Emerson, 

2.  Isaac  Gross,  4.  E.  Swan,  6.  M.  H.  Pike. 


468 


APPENDIX. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

W.  H.  H.  Bailey,  Thomas  L.  Whitton. 

1.  Daniel  Clarke,  2.  Thomas  M.  Edwards,      3.  J.  H.  White. 

VERMONT. 

W.  C.  Bradley,  George  W.  Strong. 

1.  L.  Brainard,  2.  John  Porter,  3.  Portus  Baxter. 


Thomas  Colt, 

1.  J.  Vinson, 

2.  A.  B.  Wheeler, 

3.  G-.  K.  Russell, 

4.  George  Odiorne, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Julius  Rockwell. 

5.  L.  B.  Marsh,  9.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton, 

6.  George  H.  Devereux,      10.  Charles  E.  Forbes, 

7.  James  M.  Usher,  11.  Franklin  Ripley. 

8.  J.  Nesmith, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

E.  W.  Lawton,  Isaac  Saunders. 

1.  William  P.  Bullock,     2.  William  D.  Brayton. 


CONNECTICUT. 

J.  Catlin. 
3.  Wm.  A.  Buckingham,    4.  S.  W.  Gold. 


H.  Button, 

1.  Thomas  Clark, 

2.  E.  Spencer, 

M.  H.  Grinnell, 

1.  J.  S.  Wadsworth, 

2.  E.  Field, 

3.  M.  Tompkins, 

4.  J.  P.  Jones, 

5.  J.  P.  Stanton, 

6.  E.  Cooke, 

7.  James  Kennedy, 

8.  R.  A.  Barnard, 

9.  H.  Raster, 

10.  J.  G.  McMurray, 

11.  J.  Kelly, 


JERSEY. 
E.  A.  Stevens, 

1.  Benjamin  F.  Lee,          3.  D.  Yon  Fleet, 

2.  H.  L.  Little,  4.  H.  A.  Ford, 


NEW  YORK. 

12.  H.  H.  Van  Dyck, 

13.  J.  S.  Belcher, 

14.  J.  C.  Hulbert, 

15.  D.  D.  Conover, 

16.  J.  D.  Kingsland, 

17.  S.  Stilwell, 

18.  D.  Cady, 

19.  R.  S.  Hughston, 

20.  W.  S.  Sayre, 

21.  J.  S.  Lynch, 

22.  D.  H.  Marsh, 


Thomas  Carnley. 

23.  A.  Davenport, 

24.  Le  Roy  Morgan, 

25.  E.  Burnham, 

26.  M.  H.  Lawrence, 

27.  J.  B.  Williams, 

28.  Isaac  L.  Endress, 

29.  F.  Clarke, 

30.  W.  S.  Mallory, 

31.  W.  Keep, 

32.  R.  Wheeler, 

33.  Delos  E.  Sill. 


G.  F.  Fort. 

5.  George  W.  Savage. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 
Charles  K.  Buckalew,  W.  McCandless. 


1.  G.  W.  Nebinger, 

2.  P.  Butler, 

3.  E.  Wartman, 

4.  William  H.  Witte, 

5.  J.  McNair, 

6.  J.  H.  Brinton, 

7.  D.  Laury, 

8.  Charles  Kessler, 

9.  James  Patterson, 


10.  Isaac  Stenker, 

11.  F.  W.  Hughes, 

12.  T.  Osterhout, 

13.  A.  Edinger, 

14.  R.  Wilbur, 


18.  J.  D.  Roddy, 

19.  J.  Turney, 

20.  James  A.  T.  Buchanan, 

21.  William  Wilkins, 

22.  J.  C.  Campbell, 


15.  George  A.  Crawford,     23.  Thomas  Cunningham, 

16.  James  Black,  24.  J.  Keattey, 


17.  H.  J.  Stable, 


George  C.  Gordon, 
1.  Charles  Wright. 


J.  D.  Roman, 

1.  R.  Goldsborough, 

2.  E.  H.  Webster, 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 


3.  C.  L.  L.  Leary, 

4.  Thomas  Swann, 


25.  V.  Phelps. 


H.  Ridgeley. 


James  Wallace. 

6.  F.  A.  Schley, 
6.  A.  R.  Sellers. 


APPENDIX. 


469 


VIRGINIA. 

E.  W.  Massenburg, 

A. 

H.  Dillard. 

1.  T.  H.  Campbell, 

6. 

E.  L.  Montague, 

10.  A.  G.  Pendleton, 

2.  James  Garland, 

7. 

James  Barbour, 

11.  J.  B.  Floyd, 

3.  J.  Goode,  Jr., 

8. 

J.  E.  Tucker, 

12.  S.  L.  Hayes, 

4.  Alexander  Jones, 

9. 

J.  J.  Harris, 

13.  Sherrard  Clemens. 

5.  William  B.  Taliaferro, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

H.  M.  Shaw, 

S. 

P.  Hill. 

1.  "W.  F.  Martin, 

4. 

G.  H.  Wilder, 

7.  E.  P.  Waring, 

2.  William  P.  Blow, 

5. 

S.  E.  Williams, 

8.  W.  W.  Avery. 

3.   M.  B.  Smith, 

6. 

Thomas  Settle,  Jr., 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

J.  A.  Inglis, 

J. 

L.  Noell. 

1.  W.  A.  Owens, 

3. 

J.  J.  Pickens, 

5.  F.  W.  Pickens, 

2.  B.  T.  Watts, 

4. 

J.  Chesnut,  Jr., 

6.  J.  L.  Manning. 

GEORGIA. 

W.  H.  Stiles, 

J. 

N".  Eamsav. 

1.  J.  L.  Harris, 

4. 

J.  W.  Lewis, 

7.  J.  P.  Saffold, 

2.  L.  J.  Gartrell, 

5. 

S.  Hall, 

8.  T.  W.  Thomas. 

3.  Thomas  M.  Fournan, 

6. 

J.  P.  Simmons, 

FLORIDA. 

M.  A.  Long, 

W 

.  D.  Barnes. 

1.  George  W.  Call. 

ALABAMA. 

W.  L.  Yancey, 

J. 

W.  A.  Sandford. 

1.  L.  P.  Walker, 

4. 

J.  D.  Eathers, 

6.  W.  O.  Winston, 

2.  J.  G.  Barr, 

5. 

J.  L.  Pugh, 

7.  J.  L.  M.  Curry. 

3.  A.  B.  Meek, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

C.  S.  Tarpley, 

J. 

W.  Matthews. 

1.  J.  F.  Cushman, 

3. 

B.  Matthews, 

5.  H.  T.  Ellett. 

2.  J.  A.  Orr, 

4. 

William  M.  Estelle, 

LOUISIANA. 

C.  J.  Yillerre, 

W 

.  A.  Elmore. 

1.   T.  Landry, 

3. 

T.  O.  Moore, 

4.  H.  Gray. 

2.  J.  McVea, 

TEXAS. 

William  E.  Scurry, 

M, 

,  D.  Ector. 

1.  A.  J.  Hood, 

2. 

A.  J.  Hamilton. 

ARKANSAS. 

L.  H.  Hempstead, 

N, 

B.  Burrow. 

1.  J.  J.  Green, 

2. 

J.  McCoy. 

TENNESSEE. 

W.  H.  Polk, 

D. 

M.  Key. 

1.  J.  G.  Harris, 
2.  E.  L.  Gardenhire, 

5. 
6. 

J.  M.  McHenry, 
J.  H.  Thomas, 

8.  G.  G.  Poindexter, 
9.  J.  D.  C.  Atkins, 

3.  S.  Pawel, 

7. 

J.  J.  Brown, 

10.  D.  M.  Currin. 

4.  E.  A.  Keeble, 

KENTUCKY. 

E.  Hise, 

J. 

A.  Finn. 

1.  J.  W.  Stevenson, 

5. 

George  W.  Williams, 

8.  E.  W.  Woolley, 

2.  S.  Cravens, 

6. 

Benjamin  F.  Eice, 

9.  E.  H.  Stanton, 

3.  I.  T.  Hawkins, 

7. 

William  D.  Eeed, 

10.  Hiram  Kelsey. 

4.  B.  Magoffin, 

470 


APPENDIX. 


C.  B.  Smith, 

1.  J.  Perkins, 

2.  R.  M.  Corwine, 

3.  P.  Odlin, 

4.  J.  S.  Conklin, 

5.  William  Taylor, 

6.  E.  P.  Evans, 

7.  W.  H.  P.  Denny, 

F.  C.  Beaman, 

1.  H.  Chamberlain, 

2.  W.  H.  Withey, 

G.  N.  Fitch, 

1.  S.  H.  Buskirk, 

2.  J.  M.  Hanna, 

3.  W.  T.  Parrett, 

4.  I.  S.  McClelland, 


OHIO. 

8.  J.  R.  Hubbell, 

9.  R.  G.  Pennington, 

10.  F.  Cleaveland, 

11.  J.  Welch, 

12.  D.  Humphrey, 

13.  H.  D.  Cooke, 

14.  E.  Pardee, 

MICHIGAN. 
3.  C.  H.  Millen, 

INDIANA. 

5.  S.  K.  Wolfe, 

6.  O.  Evarts, 

7.  S.  W.  Short, 

8.  F.  P.  Randall, 


A.  M.  Herrington, 

1.  M.  L.  Joslyn,  4. 

2.  Hugh  Maher,  5. 

3.  E.  Holloway,  6. 


D.  F.  Miller, 
1.  W.  M.  Stone, 


A.  Olvera, 
1.  P.  Delia  Torre, 


2. 


J.  B.  Henderson, 

1.  W.  Y.  Slack,  4. 

2.  J.  N.  Burns,  5. 

3.  J.  W.  Torbert, 

E.  D.  Holton, 
1.  I.  H.  Knowlton,  2. 


ILLINOIS. 

I.  P.  Richmond, 
S.  W.  Moulton, 
O.  B.  Ficklin, 

IOWA. 

H.  O.  Connor. 
CALIFORNIA. 

A.  C.  Bradford. 
MISSOURI. 

J.  T.  Coifee, 
F.  Kenneth, 

WISCONSIN. 
Billie  Williams, 


J.  B.  Stallo. 

15.  J.  M.  Hodge, 

16.  Davis  Green, 

17.  M.  Pennington, 

18.  J.  S.  Herrick, 

19.  A.  Wilcox, 

20.  J.  Dumas, 

21.  A.  E.  Burs. 


O.  Johnson. 

4.  Thomas  J.  Drake. 


M.  M.  Ray. 

9.  D.  D.  Jones, 

10.  S.  Mickle, 

11.  E.  Johnson. 


C.  H.  Constable. 

7.  W.  A.  J.  Sparks, 

8.  J.  A.  Logan. 


H.  T.  Downey. 


George  Freaner. 


J.  B.  Benjamin. 

6.  W.  D.  McCracken, 

7.  L.  Cooke. 


W.  D.  Mclndoe. 
3.  G.  Menzel. 


NINETEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1861. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  vote  of  California, 
Connecticut,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Maine,  Massachusetts,' Michigan,  Minnesota, 
New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey  (4),  New  York,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  Vermont,  and  Wisconsin — 180.  John  C.  Breckinridge  received  the  vote  of 
Alabama,  Arkansas,  Delaware,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Texas — 72.  John  Bell  received  the  entire 
vote  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Virginia — 39.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  received 
the  vote  of  Missouri  and  New  Jersey  (3) — 12.  HANNIBAL  HAMLIN  was  elected 
Vice-President,  receiving  180,  while  Joseph  Lane  received  72,  Edward  Everett  39, 
and  Herschel  V.  Johnson  12.  The  Electors  were: 

MAINE. 

William  Willis,  Abner  Coburn. 

1.  Louis  O.  Cowan,  3.  George  W.  Pickering,    5.  Andrew  Peters, 

2.  Daniel  Howes,  4.  William  McGilvery,       6.  William  M.  Reed. 


APPENDIX. 


471 


John  Sullivan, 
1.  David  Gillis, 


George  Morey, 

1.  James  H.  Mitchell, 

2.  John  M.  Forbes, 

3.  Charles  Mattoon, 

4.  John  G.  Whittier, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Ebenezer  Stevens. 
2.  Nathaniel  Tolles,  3.  Daniel  Blaisdell. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Alfred  Macy. 

5.  John  Nesmith,  9.  Amasa  Walker, 

6.  Charles  B.  Hall,  10.  Peleg  W.  Chandler, 

7.  Eeuben  A.  Chapman,    11.  Charles  Field. 

8.  Gerry  W.  Cochrane, 


KHODE  ISLAND. 

Thomas  G.  Turner,  Latimer  "W".  Ballou. 

1.  Elisha  Harris,  2.  David  Buffum. 

VERMONT. 

William  Henry,  Henry  G.  Boot.  , 

1.  Joseph  Warner,  2.  Edward  A.  Cahoon,        3.  D.  W.  C.  Clarke. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Chauncey  F.  Cleveland,  Koger  S.  Baldwin. 

1.  Samuel  Austin,  3.  Benjamin  Douglas,  4.  Frederick  Wood. 

2.  Augustus  Brandegee, 


William  C.  Bryant, 


YORK. 


1.  John  A.  King,  "  12. 

2.  Andrew  Carrigan,          13. 

3.  Frederick  Kapp,  14. 

4.  Wm.  A.  Darling,  15. 

5.  Rufus  H.  King,  16. 

6.  John  F.  Winslow,          17. 

7.  N.  Edson  Sheldon,         18. 

8.  Henry  Churchill,  19. 

9.  Benjamin  N.  Hunting- 20. 

ton,  21. 

10.  John  J.  Foote,  22. 

11.  William  Van  Marter, 

William  Cook, 

1.  Theodore  Runyon,  3. 

2.  Joseph  C.  Hornblower,    4. 


James  Pollock, 

1.  Edward  C.  Knight,  10. 

2.  Robert  P.  King,  11. 

3.  Henry  Bumm,  12. 

4.  Robert  M.  Foust,  13. 

5.  Nathan  Hilles,  14. 

6.  John  M.  Broomall,  15. 

7.  James  W.  Fuller,  16. 

8.  David  E.  Stout,  17. 

9.  Francis  W.  Christ, 


James 


Frank  L.  Jones,  23. 

Ezra  M.  Parsons,  24. 

John  Greiner,  Jr.,  25. 

Edwards  W.  Fiske,  26. 

James  Kelly,  27. 

Washington  Smith,  28. 
William  H.  Robertson,  29. 

Jacob  B.  Carpenter,  30. 

Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  31. 

Robert  S.  Hale,  32. 

James  R.  Allaben,  33. 


O.  Putnam. 
Sherman  D.  Phelps, 
Hiram  Dewey, 
John  E.  Seeley, 
Jas.  S.  Wadsworth, 
Charles  C.  Parker, 
James  Parker, 
Sigismund  Kaufmann, 
George  M.  Grier, 
Abijah  Beck  with, 

,  James  L.  Voorhees, 
Elisha  S.  Whalen. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Joel  Parker. 

George  H.  Brown,  5.  Charles  E.  Elmer. 

Edward  W.  Ivins, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas 

David  Mumma,  Jr.,       18. 
David  Taggart,  19. 

Thomas  R.  Hull,  20. 

Francis  B.  Penneman,  21. 
Ulysses  Mercur,  22. 

George  Bressler,  23. 

A.  Brady  Sharpe,  24. 

Daniel  O.  Gehr,  25. 

DELAWARE. 

Samuel  Jeflerson,  John  Mustard. 

1.  Robert  B.  Houston. 

MARYLAND. 

E.  Lewis  Lowe,  James  L.  Martin. 

1.  Elias  Griswold,  3.  Joshua  Vansant,  5.  John  Ritchie, 

2.  John  Brooke  Boyle,        4.  T.  Parkin  Scott,  6.  James  S.  Franklin. 


M.  Howe. 
Samuel  Calvin, 
Edgar  Cowan, 
William  McKennan, 
John  M.  Kirkpatrick, 
James  Kerr, 
Richard  P.  Roberts, 
Henry  Souther, 
John  Greer. 


472 


APPENDIX. 


Thomas  Bruce, 

1.  Lemuel  J.  Bowdon,  6. 

2.  John  J.  Jackson,  7. 

3.  F.  T.  Anderson,  8. 

4.  B.  H.  Shackelford,  9. 

5.  A.  B.  Caldwell, 


Alfred  M.  Scales, 

1.  John  W.  Moore,  4. 

2.  William  B.  Rodman,      5. 

3.  William  A.  Allen,  6. 


VIRGINIA. 

Marmaduke  Johnson. 
L.  H.  Chandler,  10.  James  Lyons, 

Joseph  Christian,  11.  Richard  B.  Claybrook, 

William  Lamb,  12.  William  H.  Anthony, 

John  R.  Edmunds,        13.  J.  W.  Massie. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Edward  Naham  Haywood. 
A.  W.  Venable,  7.  J.  A.  Fox, 

J.  R.  McLean,  8.  John  A.  Dickson. 

John  M.  Clement, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Andrew  P.  Calhoun,  William  E.  Martin. 

1.  Thomas  Y.  Simmes,        3.  George  P.  Elliott,  5.  Joseph  F.  Gist, 

2.  John  Williams,  4.  Tilman  Watson,  6.  Robert  G.  McCaw. 


A.  H.  Colquitt, 

1.  Peter  Cone, 

2.  William  M.  Slaughter, 

3.  O.  C.  Gibson, 


GEORGIA. 

4.  Hugh  Buchanan, 

5.  Lewis  Tumlin, 

6.  Hardy  Strickland, 


H.  R.  Jackson. 

7.  W.  A.  Lofton, 

8.  William  M.  Mclntosh. 


KENTUCKY. 
W.  H.  Wadsworth,  E.  L.  Van  Winkle. 

1.  Q.  Q.  Quigley,  5.  Phil  Lee,  8.  John  M.  Harlan, 

2.  S.  A.  Seavell,  6.  William  M.  Fulkerson,   9.  John  B.  Huston, 

3.  William  Sampson,  7.  William  C.  Bullock,      10.  W.  S.  Kankin. 

4.  W.  A.  Hoskins, 


TENNESSEE. 

N.  G.  Taylor. 

5.  Ed.  J.  Golloday,  8.  John  F.  House, 

6.  William  F.  Kercheval,    9.  Alvin  Hawkins, 

7.  John  C.  Brown,  10.  Benjamin  D.  Nabors. 


Baylie  Peyton, 

1.  J.  W.  Deaderich, 

2.  O.  P.  Temple, 

3.  Alfred  Caldwell, 

4.  S.  S.  Stanton, 

OHIO. 
Frederick  Hassaurek,  Joseph  M.  Root. 

1.  Benjamin  Eggleston,       8.  Abraham  Thomson,       15.  Joseph  Ankeny, 

2.  William  M.  Dickson,      9.  John  F.  Henkle, 

10.  Hezekiah  S.  Bundy, 


3.  Frank  McWhiney, 

4.  John  Rilcy  Knox,          11.  Daniel  B.  Stewart, 

5.  Dresden  W.H.Howard,  12.  Richard  P.  L.  Baber 

6.  John  M.  Kellum,  13.  John  Beatty, 

7.  Nelson  Rush,  14.  Willard  Slocum, 


16.  Edward  Ball, 

17.  John  A.  Davenport, 

18.  William  K.  Upham, 

19.  Samuel  B.  Philbrick, 

20.  George  W.  Brooke, 

21.  Norman  K.  Mackenzie. 


LOUISIANA. 


0.  Rosseau, 

1.  Trasimond  Landry, 

2.  B.  B.  Simmes, 

A.  K.  Blythe, 

1.  Thomas  W.  Harris, 

2.  Richard  Harrison, 


MISSISSIPPI. 

3.  P.  F.  Liddell, 

4.  J.  B.  Chrisman, 


B.  Avegno. 

4.  W.  M.  Levy. 


J.  A.  Green. 

5.  Livingston  Mims. 


APPENDIX.  473 


INDIANA. 
John  L.  Mansfield,  Cyrus  M.  Allen. 

1.  M.  C.  Hunter,  5.  David  O.  Dailey,  9.  Reuben  H.  Riley, 

2.  Nelson  Trusler,  6.  Will  Cumback,  10.  Samuel  A.  Huff, 

3.  John  Hanna,  7.  John  W.  Ray,  11.  Isaac  Jenkinson. 

4.  James  N.  Tyner,  8.  John  H.  Farquhar, 

ILLINOIS. 
Leonard  Sweet,  Allen  C.  Fuller. 

1.  Lawrence  Weldon,          4.  John  M.  Palmer,  7.  James  C.  Conkling, 

2.  James  Stark,  5.  William  B.  Plato,  8.  Thomas  G.  Allen, 

3.  Henry  P.  H.Bromwell,   6.  William  P.  Kellogg,       9.  John  Olney. 

ALABAMA. 
David  Hubbard,  John  T.  Morgan. 

1.  J.  S.  Dickinson,  4.  J.  W.  Garrott,  6.  R.  C.  Brickell, 

2.  Ely  S.  Shorter,  5.  John  S.  Kennedy,  7.  R.  W.  Cobb. 

3.  C.  A.  Battle,  . 

MISSOURI. 
John  B.  Henderson,  Robert  S.  Bevier. 

1.  John  B.  Hale,  4.  Mordecai  Oliver,  6.  Francis  Hagan, 

2.  James  F.  V.  Thomson,  5.  E.  T.  Wingo,  7.  Richard  H.  Stevens. 

3.  George  G.  Vest, 

ARKANSAS. 

William  W.  Floyd,  Theodric  F.  Sorrels. 

1.  William  W.  Leake,        2.  George  W.  Taylor. 

MICHIGAN. 
Hezekiah  G.  Wells,  Rufus  Hasmer. 

1.  George  W.  Lee,  3.  Philotas  Hayden,  4.  Augustus  Coburn. 

2,  Edward  Dorsch, 

FLORIDA. 

George  W.  Call,  J.  Patton  Anderson. 

1.  J.  Myrick  Gorrie. 

TEXAS. 

M.  D.  Graham,  Thomas  M.  Waul. 

1.  A.  T.  Rainey,  2.  John  A.  Wharton. 

IOWA. 

Fitz  Henry  Warren,  Joseph  A.  Chapline. 

1.  M.  L.  McPherson,  2.  Charles  Pomeroy. 

WISCONSIN. 

Walter  Mclndoe,  Bradford  Rixford. 

1.  J.  Allen  Barber,  2.  William  W.  Vaughan,  3.  Herman  Linderman. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Charles  A.  Washburn,  W^.  H.  Weeks. 

1.  Charles  A.  Tuttle,  2.  Antonio  M.  Pico. 

MINNESOTA. 

Stephen  Miller,  William  Pfaender. 

1.  Clark  W.  Thompson,      2.  Charles  MeClure. 

OREGON. 

T.  J.  Dryer,  B.  J.  Pengra. 

1.  William  H.  Watkins. 

31 


474  APPENDIX. 


THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CHIEF  JUSTICES. 

JOHN  JAY,  of  New  York,  appointed  by  the  President,  with  the  advice  and  con 
sent  of  the  Senate,  September  26,  1789.  Nominated  April  16,  and  confirmed 
April  19,  1794,  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  England.  Kesigned  as  Chief  Justice. 
Successor  appointed  July  1,  1795. 

JOHN  KUTLEDGE,  of  South  Carolina,  appointed  July  1,  1795,  in  recess  of  Senate, 
in  place  of  John  Jay,  resigned,  and  presided  on  the  bench  at  August  Term,  1795. 
Nominated  December  10,  and  rejected  by  the  Senate  December  15,  1795. 

WILLIAM  GUSHING,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
&c.,  January  27, 17^6,  in  place  of  John  Jay,  resigned.  Declined  the  appointment. 
He  was  then  an  Associate  Justice. 

OLIVER  ELLSWORTH,  of  Connecticut.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
&c.,  March  4,  1796,  in  place  of  W.  Gushing,  declined.  Appointed  Envoy  Extra 
ordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France,  February  27,  1799.  He  pre 
sided  on  the  bench  at  the  August  Term,  1799.  Proceeded  on  his  mission  to 
France,  November  3,  1799.  Kesigned  as  Chief  Justice.  Successor  appointed 
December  19,  1800. 

JOHN  JAY,  Governor  of  New  York.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
&c.,  December  19,  1800,  in  place  of  Oliver  Ellsworth,  resigned.  Declined  the 
appointment. 

JOHN  MARSHALL,  Secretary  of  State.*  Nomination  confirmed  January  27,  and 
appointed,  &c.,  January  31,  1801,  in  place  of  John  Jay,  declined.  Died  in  1835. 

KOGER  B.  TANEY,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed,  &c., 
March  15,  1836,  in  the  place  of  John  Marshall,  deceased.  Died  in  Washington 
City,  October  12,  1864. 


ASSOCIATE  JUSTICES 

OF    THE    SUPREME    COURT    OP   THE   UNITED    STATES. 

JOHN  RUTLEDGE,  of  South  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
September  26,  1789.  Kesigned,  and  Thomas  Johnson  appointed. 

WILLIAM  GUSHING,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26, 
and  appointed  September  27,  1789.  Died,  and  Levi  Lincoln  appointed. 

JAMES  WILSON,  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26,  and 
appointed  September  29,  1789.  Died,  and  Bushrod  Washington  appointed. 

JOHN  BLAIR,  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26,  and  appointed 
September  30,  1789.  Kesigned,  and  Samuel  Chase  appointed. 

KOBERT  H.  HARRISON,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26, 
1789.  Kesigned,  and  James  Iredell  appointed. 

*  John  Marshall,  Secretary  of  State,  was  nominated  to  the  Senate  as  Chief  Justice,  Janu 
ary  20,  1801,  was  confirmed  on  the  27th,  commissioned  on  the  31st,  and  presided  on  the 
bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  the  4th  to  the  9th  of  February,  or  during  February  Term, 
1801.  From  a  message  of  the  President  to  Congress,  accompanied  by  a  report  from  John 
Marshall,  Secretary  of  State,  dated  February  27,  1801,  it  appears  that  he  also  continued  to 
act  in  the  latter  capacity  until  that  day,  and  from  other  circumstances,  that  he  continued 
to  act  as  such  until  March  3,  1801,  on  which  day  the  then  administration  terminated. 


APPENDIX.  475 


JAMES  IREDELL,  of  North  Carolina.  Appointed  in  recess  of  Senate,  in  place 
of  Bobert  H.  Harrison,  resigned.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  February 
10,  1790.  Died,  and  Alfred  Moore  appointed. 

THOMAS  JOHNSON,  of  Maryland.  Appointed  August  5,  1791,  in  recess  of  Senate, 
in  place  of  John  Kutledge,  resigned.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  No 
vember  7,  1791.  Resigned,  and  William  Paterson  appointed. 

WILLIAM  PATERSON,  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  Nomination  confirmed  and 
appointed  March  4,  1793,  in  place  of  Thomas  Johnson,  resigned.  Died,  and 
Brockholst  Livingston  appointed. 

SAMUEL  CHASE,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  January 
27,  1796,  in  place  of  John  Blair,  resigned.  Died,  and  Gabriel  Duval  appointed. 

BUSHROD  WASHINGTON,  of  Virginia.  Appointed  September  29, 1798,  in  recess 
of  Senate,  in  place  of  James  Wilson,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed  and  ap 
pointed  December  30,  1798.  Died,  and  Henry  Baldwin  appointed. 

ALFRED  MOORE,  of  North  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
December  10,  1799,  in  place  of  James  Iredell,  deceased.  Kesigned,  and  William 
Johnson  appointed. 

WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  of  South  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
March  26,  1804,  in  place  of  Alfred  Moore,  resigned.  (Confirmed  and  appointed 
Collector  of  the  Customs,  February  22,  1819,  and  declined  the  appointment.) 
Died  in  1834,  and  James  M.  Wayne  appointed. 

THOMAS  TODD,  of  Kentucky.  Nomination  confirmed  March  2,  and  appointed 
March  3,  1807. 

BROCKHOLST  LIVINGSTON,  of  New  York.  Appointed  November  10,  1806,  in 
recess  of  Senate,  in  place  of  William  Paterson,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  December  17,  1806.  Died,  and  Smith  Thompson  appointed. 

LEVI  LINCOLN,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Janu 
ary  3,  1811,  in  place  of  William  Cushing,  deceased.  Declined  the  appointment, 
and  John  Quincy  Adams  appointed. 

JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
February  22, 1811,  in  place  of  Levi  Lincoln,  declined.  Declined  the  appointment, 
and  Joseph  Story  appointed. 

JOSEPH  STORY,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  No 
vember  18,  1811,  in  place  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  declined.  Died,  and  Levi 
Woodbury  appointed. 

GABRIEL  DUVAL,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Novem 
ber  18,  1811,  in  the  place  of  Samuel  Chase,  deceased.  Resigned,  and  Philip  P. 
Barbour  appointed. 

SMITH  THOMPSON,  of  New  York.  Appointed  September  1,  1823,  in  recess  of 
the  Senate,  in  place  of  Brockholst  Livingston,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  December  9,  1823.  Died,  and  Samuel  Nelson  appointed. 

ROBERT  TRIMBLE,  of  Kentucky.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  May  9, 
1826,  in  the  place  of  Thomas  Todd,  deceased.  Died,  and  John  McLean  ap 
pointed. 

JOHN  McLEAN,  of  Ohio.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  7,  1829, 
in  the  place  of  Robert  Trimble,  deceased. 

HENRY  BALDWIN,  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
January  6,  1830,  in  place  of  Bushrod  Washington,  deceased.  Died,  and  R.  C. 
Grier  appointed. 

JAMES  M.  WAYNE,  of  Georgia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Janu 
ary  9,  1835,  in  place  of  William  Johnson,  deceased. 

PHILIP  P.  BARBOUR,  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March 
15,  1836,  in  place  of  Gabriel  Duval,  resigned.  Died,  and  P.  V.  Daniel  appointed. 

JOHN  CATRON,  of  Tennessee.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  8, 
1837. 

WILLIAM  SMITH,  of  Alabama.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March 
8,  1837.  Declined  the  appointment,  and  John  McKinley  appointed. 

JOHN  McKiNLEY,  of  Alabama.  Appointed  April  22,  1837,  in  recess  of  the 
Senate,  in  place  of  William  Smith,  declined.  Nomination  confirmed  and  ap 
pointed  September  25,  1837. 


476 


APPENDIX. 


PETER  V.  DANIEL,  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March 
3,  1841,  in  place  of  Philip  P.  Barbour,  deceased. 

SAMUEL  NELSON,  of  New  York.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Febru 
ary  14,  1845,  in  place  of  Smith  Thompson,  deceased. 

LEVI  WOODBURY,  of  New  Hampshire.  Appointed  September  20,  1845,  in  re 
cess  of  the  Senate,  in  place  of  Joseph  Story,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  January  3,  1846. 

ROBERT  C.  GRIER,  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
August  4,  1846,  in  place  of  Henry  Baldwin,  deceased. 

BENJAMIN  BOBBINS  CURTIS,  of  Massachusetts.  Appointed  during  the  recess  of 
the  Senate,  in  place  of  Levi  Woodbury,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed  and 
appointed  December  20,  1851.  Resigned. 

JAMES  A.  CAMPBELL,  of  Alabama.     Appointed  in  1853.     Resigned  May  1,  1861. 

NATHAN  CLIFFORD,  of  Maine.     Appointed  in  1858. 

NOAH  SWAYNE,  of  Ohio.     Appointed  in  1862. 

SAMUEL  H.  MILLER,  of  Iowa.     Appointed  in  1862. 

DAVID  DAVIS,  of  Illinois.     Appointed  in  1862. 

STEPHEN  J.  FIELD,  of  California,     Appointed  in  1863. 


CLEEKS  OF  THE  SUPKEME  COUKT  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES. 

JOHN  TUCKER,  of  Massachusetts,  appointed  February  3,  1790.     Resigned. 
SAMUEL  BAYARD,  of  Delaware,  appointed  August  1,  1791.     Resigned. 
ELIAS  B.  CALDWELL,  of  New  Jersey,  appointed  August  15,  1800.     Died. 
WILLIAM  GRIFFITH,  of  New  Jersey,  appointed  February  9,  1826.     Died. 
WILLIAM  T.  CARROLL,  District  of  Columbia,  appointed  January  20,  1827. 
T.  WESLEY  MIDDLETON,  District  of  Columbia,  appointed  in  1862.      Present 
incumbent. 


EEPOETEES  OF  DECISIONS  OF  THE  SUPEEME  COUET. 

ALEXANDER  J.  DALLAS,  reported  from  1789  to  1800,  inclusive. 


WILLIAM  CRANCH, 
HENRY  WHEATON, 
RICHARD  PETERS,  JR., 
BENJAMIN  C.  HOWARD, 
JEREMIAH  S.  BLACK, 
JOHN  WILLIAM  WALLACE, 


1801  to  1815, 
1816  to  1827, 
1828  to  1842, 
1843  to  1862, 
1862  to  1864, 
1864.  Present  incumbent. 


MAESHALS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  ATTENDANT  ON 
THE  SUPEEME  COUET. 

Under  the  construction  of  the  Judiciary  Act  of  1789,  the  Marshals  of  all  the 
Distinct*  were  required  to  attend  the  sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  until,  by  the 


APPENDIX.  477 


Act  of  June  9,  1794,  the  Marshal  of  the  District  alone  in  which  the  Court  shall  sit 
was  required  to  attend  its  sessions. 

DAVID  LENOX,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Pennsylvania,  attended  from  Janu 
ary  28,  1794,  to  February,  1801. 

DANIEL  CARROLL  BRENT,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from 
August  3,  1801,  to  August,  1808. 

WASHINGTON  BOYD,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Feb 
ruary  1,  1808,  to  August,  1818. 

TENCH  RINGGOLD,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Novem 
ber  30,  1818,  to  August,  1831. 

HENRY  ASHTON,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  February 
4,  1831,  to  February,  1834. 

ALEXANDER  HUNTER,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from 
March  6,  1834,  to  December,  1848. 

EGBERT  WALLACE,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Decem 
ber  5,  1848,  to  December,  1849. 

KICHARD  WALLACH,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  De 
cember  4,  1849,  to  May,  1853. 

JONAH  D.  HOOVER,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  May 
31,  1853,  to  April,  1858. 

WILLIAM  SELDEN,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  April 
1,  1858  to  1861. 

WARD  H.  LAMON,  attended  from  1861. 

Court  meets  first  Monday  in  December,  at  Washington. 


478 


APPENDIX. 


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APPENDIX.  499 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  COLONIES  RESPECT 
ING  "A  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  BY  THE  REPRESENTATIVES 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED." 

SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolutions  respecting  independency  be  referred  to  a  Com 
mittee  of  the  whole  Congress. 

The  Congress  then  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  "Whole  ;  and,  after 
some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the 
Committee  have  taken  into  consideration  the  matter  to  them  referred,  but  not 
having  come  to  any  resolution  thereon,  directed  him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit  again 
on  Monday. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  on  Monday  next,  at  10  o'clock,  resolve 
itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  further  consideration  the  reso 
lutions  referred  to  them. 

MONDAY,  JUNE  10,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  order,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the 
"Whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  resolutions  to  them  referred ; 
and,  after  some  time  spent  thereon,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr. 
Harrison  reported  that  the  Committee  have  had  under  consideration  the  matters 
referred  to  them,  and  have  come  to  a  resolution  thereon,  which  they  directed  him 
to  report. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  in  Committee  of  the  Whole  being  read, — 
Resolved,  That  the  consideration  of  the  first  resolution  be  postponed  to  Mon 
day,  the  first  day  of  July  next ;  and  in  the  meanwhile,  that  no  time  be  lost,  in 
case  the  Congress  agree  thereto,  that  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  de 
claration  to  the  effect  of  the  said  first  resolution,  which  is  in  these  words:  "That 
these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent  States; 
that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  crown ;  and  that  all 
political  connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to 
be,  totally  dissolved." 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  11,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  for  preparing  the  Declaration  consist  of  five. 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Jeiferson,  Mr.  John  Adams,  Mr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Sher 
man,  and  Mr.  K.  E.  Livingston. 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  25,  1776. 

A  declaration  of  the  Deputies  of  Pennsylvania,  met  in  Provincial  Conference, 
was  laid  before  Congress  and  read,  expressing  their  willingness  to  concur  in  a  vote 
of  Congress  declaring  the  United  Colonies  free  and  independent  States. 

FRIDAY,  JUNE  28,  1776. 

"Francis  Hopkinson,  one  of  the  Delegates  from  New  Jersey,  attended  and  pro 
duced  the  credentials  of  their  appointment,"  containing  the  following  instructions : 


500  APPENDIX. 


u  If  you  shall  judge  it  necessary  or  expedient  for  this  purpose,  we  empower  you  to 
join  in  declaring  the  United  Colonies  independent  of  Great  Britain,  entering  into 
a  confederation  for  union  and  common  defence,"  &c. 

MONDAY,  JULY  1,  1776. 

"  A  resolution  of  the  Convention  of  Maryland,  passed  the  28th  of  June,  was  laid 
before  Congress  and  read,"  containing  the  following  instructions  to  their  deputies 
in  Congress  :  "That  the  deputies  of  said  Colony,  or  any  three  or  more  of  them,  be 
authorized  and  empowered  to  concur  with  the  other  United  Colonies,  or  a  majo 
rity  of  them,  in  declaring  the  United  Colonies  free  and  independent  States ;  in 
forming  such  further  compact  and  confederation  between  them,"  &c. 

The  order  of  the  day  being  read : 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will  resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole, 
to  take  into  consideration  the  resolution  respecting  independency. 

That  the  Declaration  be  referred  to  said  Committee. 

The  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole.  After  some  time 
the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the  Committee 
had  come  to  a  resolution,  which  they  desired  him  to  report,  and  to  move  for  leave 
to  sit  again. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  by  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  being  read,  the  deter 
mination  thereof  was,  at  the  request  of  a  Colony,  postponed  until  to-morrow. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  of 
the  Whole,  to  take  into  consideration  the  Declaration  respecting  independence. 

TUESDAY,  JULY  2,  1776. 

The  Congress  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  resolution  reported  from  the 
Committee  of  the  Whole,  which  was  agreed  to  as  follows  : 

RESOLVED,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  Free  and  Inde 
pendent  States ;  that  tliey  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that 
all  political  connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be, 
totally  dissolved. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee 
of  the  Whole ;  and  after  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr. 
Harrison  reported,  that  the  Committee  have  had  under  consideration  the  Declara 
tion  to  them  referred ;  but  not  having  had  time  to  go  through  the  same,  desired 
him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit  again. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again  resolve  itself  into  a  Com 
mittee  of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  re 
specting  independence. 

WEDNESDAY,  JULY  3,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee 
of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  ;  and  after 
some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the 
Committee,  not  having  yet  gone  through  it,  desired  leave  to  sit  again. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again  resolve  itself  into  a  Com 
mittee  of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

THURSDAY,  JULY  4,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee 
of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  ;  and  after 
some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the 
Committee  had  agreed  to  a  Declaration,  which  they  desired  him  to  report. 

The  Declaration  being  read,  was  agreed  to  as  follows : 


APPENDIX.  501 


A  DECLARATION  BY  THE  EEPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF 
AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for  one  people  to 
dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to 
assume,  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which 
the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions 
of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the 
separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all  men  are  created  equal ;  that 
they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable  rights ;  that  among 
these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That  to  secure  these  rights, 
governments  are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  con 
sent  of  the  governed  ;  that  whenever  any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive 
of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute 
a  new  government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its 
powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  safety  and 
happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  established, 
should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes ;  and  accordingly,  all  expe 
rience  hath  shown,  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  suf- 
ferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  ac 
customed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably 
the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is 
their  right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  oft*  such  government,  and  to  provide  new 
guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these 
Colonies,  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to  alter  their  former 
systems  of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  king  of  Great  Britain  is  a 
history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all  having,  in  direct  object,  the 
establishment  of  an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  States.  To  prove  this,  let  facts 
be  submitted  to  a  candid  world  : 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the 
public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  import 
ance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained ;  and 
when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of 
people,  unless  those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  representation  in  the  Le 
gislature  ;  a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable,  and 
distant  from  the  depository  of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatigu 
ing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with  manly 
firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be 
elected ;  whereby  the  legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have  returned 
to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise ;  the  State  remaining,  in  the  mean  time, 
exposed  to  all  the  danger  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States :  for  that  purpose, 
obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalization  of  foreigners  ;  refusing  to  pass  others  to 
encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  of  new  appropria 
tions  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration'of  justice,  by  refusing  his  assent  to  laws 
for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  offices, 
and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  officers  to 
harass  our  people  and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies,  without  the  consent 
of  our  legislature. 


502  APPENDIX. 


He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and  superior  to,  the  civil 
power. 

He  has  combined,  with  others,  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  con 
stitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws;  giving  his  assent  to  their  acts  of  pre 
tended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment,  for  any  murders  which 
they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States  : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world  : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury  : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offences  : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neighboring  province,  estab 
lishing  therein  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so  as  to 
render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same  absolute 
rule  into  these  Colonies  : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and  altering, 
fundamentally,  the  powers  of  our  governments  : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with 
power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  protection,  and 
waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  destroyed 
the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  complete 
the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun,  with  circumstances  of 
cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  un 
worthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high  seas,  to  bear 
arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends  and  breth 
ren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  among  us,  and  has  endeavored  to  bring 
on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose  known 
rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction,  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  condi 
tions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  have  petitioned  for  redress  in  the  most 
humble  terms  ;  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury. 
A  prince,  whose  character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant, 
is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our  British  brethren.  We  have 
warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their  legislature  to  extend 
an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circum 
stances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed  to  their  native 
justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our  common 
kindred,  to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  con 
nections  and  correspondence.  They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice 
and  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which  de 
mands  our  separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies  in 
war,  in  peace,  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  General 
Congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rectitude 
of  our  Intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of 
these  Colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and, 
of  right,  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent  States ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all 
allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them 
and  the  State  of  Great  Britain,  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved ;  and  that,  as 
free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full  power  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace, 
contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts  and  things  which 
independent  States  may  of  right  do.  And,  for  the  support  of  this  Declaration,  with 
a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to 
each  other,  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and  our  sacred  honor. 


APPENDIX. 


503 


The  foregoing  Declaration  was,  by  order  of  Congress,  engrossed,  and  signed  by 
the  following  members : 

JOHN  HANCOCK. 


Josiah  Bartlett, 


Samuel  Adams, 
John  Adams, 


Stephen  Hopkins, 


Koger  Sherman, 
Samuel  Huntington, 


William  Floyd, 
Philip  Livingston, 


Richard  Stockton, 
John  Witherspoon, 


Robert  Morris, 
Benjamin  Rush, 
Benjamin  Franklin, 


Caesar  Rodney, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
William  Whipple, 


Matthew  Thornton. 


MASSACHUSETTS  BAY. 
Robert  Treat  Paine,  Elbridge  Gerry. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
William  Ellery. 


Samuel  Chase, 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton, 


CONNECTICUT. 
William  Williams, 

NEW  YORK. 
Francis  Lewis, 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Francis  Hopkinson, 
John  Hart, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
John  Morton, 
George  Clymer, 
James  Smith, 

DELAWARE. 
George  Read, 

MARYLAND. 
William  Paca, 


George  Wythe, 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Thomas  Jefferson, 


William  Hooper, 


Edward  Rutledge, 
Thomas  Hey  ward,  Jr., 


Button  Gwinnett, 


VIRGINIA. 
Benjamin  Harrison, 
Thomas  Nelson,  Jr., 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Joseph  Hewes, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Thomas  Lynch,  Jr., 

GEORGIA. 
Lyman  Hall, 


Oliver  Wolcott. 


Lewis  Morris. 


Abraham  Clark. 


George  Taylor, 
James  Wilson, 
George  Ross. 


Thomas  McKean. 
Thomas  Stone. 


Francis  Lightfoot  Lee, 
Carter  Braxton. 


John  Penn. 
Arthur  Middleton. 

George  Walton. 


Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  Declaration  be  sent  to  the  several  assemblies,  con 
ventions,  and  committees,  or  councils  of  safety,  and  to  the  several  commanding 
officers  of  the  Continental  troops  ;  that  it  be  proclaimed  in  each  of  the  United 
States,  and  at  the  head  of  the  army. 


504 


APPENDIX. 


SIGNERS  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE, 

IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED,  JULY  4,  1776. 

The  following  List  of  Members  of  the  Continental  Congress,  who  signed  the  De 
claration  of  Independence  (although  the  names  are  included  in  the  general  list 
of  that  Congress,  from  1774  to  1788),  is  given  separately,  for  the  purpose  of 
showing  the  places  and  dates  of  their  birth,  and  the  time  of  their  respective 
deaths,  for  convenient  reference  : 


NAMES  OF  THK  SIGNERS. 

BORN  AT 

DELEGATED  FROM 

DIED 

Adams,  John  

Braintree,  Mass.,  October  19,  1735 
Boston,           "            Sept.  27,  1722 
Amesbury,    "             in  Nov.  1729 
Newington,  Va.,        Sept.  10,  1730 
Annapolis.  Md.,          Sept.  20,  1737 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,    April  17,  1741 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  Feb.  15.  1726 
Philadelphia,  IVnna.,         in  1739 
Newport,  R.  I.,            Dec.  22,  1727 
Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y.,       Dec.  17,  1734 
Boston.  Mass.,            Jan.  17,  1706 
Marblehead,  Mass  ,   July  17,  1744 

Massachusetts,   . 
Massachusetts,    . 
New  Hampshire, 
Virginia,     .     .     . 
Maryland,  .    .    . 
Maryland,  .     .     . 
New  Jersey,    .     . 
Pennsylvania, 
R.  I.  and  Prov.  PI. 
New  York,       .     . 
Pennsylvania,    . 
Massachusetts,    . 
Georgia,      .    .    . 
Georgia.      .     .     . 
Massachusetts,   . 
Virginia,    .     .    . 
New  Jersey,    .     . 
South  Carolina,  . 
North  Carolina,  . 
North  Carolina,  . 
R.  I,  and  Prov.  PI. 
New  Jersey,    .     . 
Connecticut,   .     . 
Virginia,     .     .     . 
Virginia,     .     .     . 
Virginia,     .     .     . 
New  York,  .    .    . 
New  York,  .     .     . 
South  Carolina,  . 
Delaware,    .    .     . 
South  Carolina,  . 
New  York,.     .     . 
Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania,    . 
Virginia,     .     .     . 
Maryland,  .     .     . 
Massachusetts,    . 
North  Carolina,  . 
Delaware,  .     .     . 
Delaware,  .     .     . 
Pennsylvania,     . 
Pennsylvania,     . 
South  Carolina,  . 
Connecticut,  .     . 
Pennsylvania,     . 
New  Jersey,   .     . 
Maryland,  .     .     . 
Pennsylvania,     . 
New  Hampshire, 
Georgia.      .    . 
New  Hampshire, 
Connecticut,  .    . 
Pennsylvania,     . 
New  Jersey,    .     . 
Connecticut,   .     . 
V.rginia,     .    .    . 

July  4,           1826 
October  2,     1803 
May  19,         1795 
October  10,   1797 
Novem.  14,    1832 
June  19,        1811 
September,   1794 
January  23,  1813 
Feb'y  15,       1820 
August  4,      1821 
April  17,        1790 
Novem.  23,   1814 
May  27,          1777 
February,     1790 
October  8,     1793 
April.            1791 
,              1780 
March,          1809 
Novem.  10,    1779 
October,        1790 
July  13,         1785 
May  9,           1790 
January  5,    1796 
July  4,           1826 
April,             1797 
June  19,        1794 
Decem.  30,     1803 
June  12,        1778 
Lost  at  sea,  1779 
June  24,        1817 
January  1,    1787 
January  22,  1798 
May  8,           1806 
April,             1777 
January  4,    1789 
,               1799 
May  11,         1804 
October  26,    1809 
,               1798 
,               1783 
July,              1779 
April  19,       1813 
January  23,  1800 
July  23,         1793 
July  11,        1806 
Feb'y  28,       1781 
October  5,     1787 
Feb'y  23,       1781 
June  24,        1803 
Feb'y  2,         1805 
Novem.  28,    1785 
August  2.      1811 
August  28,    17!>8 
Novem.  15,    1794 
December  1,1797 
June  8,         1806 

Bartlett  Josiah,  

Carroll.  Charles,  of  Carrollton, 
Chase,  Samuel,  

Ellery,  William,  
Floyd,  William  
Franklin.  Benjamin,  .... 
Gerry,  Elbridge  .  .  .  .  . 

England,                               in   1732 
,  Conn.,                  in   U31 
Braintree.  Mass.,                in   1737 
Berkeley,  Va., 
Hopewell,  N  J.,            about   1715 
St.  Luke's,  S.  C.,                   in    1746 
Kingston.  N.  J.,                   in   1730 
Boston.  Mass.,            June  17,  1742 
Scituate,  "                March  7,  1707 
Philadelphia,  Penna.,        in  1737 
Windham,  Conn.,         July  3,  1732 
Shadwell,  Va.,           April  13,  1743 
Stratford,   "           October  14,  1734 
Stratford,   "         January  20,  1732 
Landaff,  Wales,       in  March,  1713 
Albany,  N.  Y..     January  15,  1716 
St.  George's,  S.  C.,       Aug.  5,  1749 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,    March  19,  1734 
Middleton  Place,  S.  C.,       in   1743 
Morrisania,  N.  Y.,              in   1726 
Lancashire,  Eng.,         Jan.  1733-4 
Ridley,  Penua.,                   in   1724 
York,  Va.,                   Dec.  26,  1738 
Wye  Hill,  Md.,     October  31,  1740 
Boston,  Mass  .                     in  1731 
Caroline  Co.,  Va.,       May  17,  1741 
Cecil  Co.,  Md.,                     in  1734 
Dover,  Del.,                          in  1730 
New  Castle.  Del.,                 in    1730 
By  berry,  Penna.,        Dec.  24,  1745 
Charleston,  S.  C.,        in  Nov.  1749 
Newton,  Mass.,          April  19,  1721 
Ireland 

Hancock,  John,  
Harrison.  Benjamin,  .... 
Hart,  John,  
Heyward,  Thomas.  Jr.,  .  .  . 

Hooper,  William,  

Hopkins,  Stephen,  
Hopkinson,  Francis,  .... 
Huntington,  Samuel,  .... 
Jeffer,<"On,  Thomas  
Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot,  .  .  . 
Lee,  Richard  Henry,  .... 

Livingston,  Philip,  .... 

McKean,  Thomas  
Middleton,  Arthur,  .... 
Morris,  Lewis,  

Morris  Kobert  . 

Morton,  John,  

Nelson,  Thomas,  Jr.,  .... 
Paca  William 

Paine.  Robert  Treat,  .... 

Read,  George,  

Rodney.  Ca»sar,  
Ross,  George,  

Rush,  Bonjamin.  M.D.,  .  .  . 
Rutledge,  Edward,  

Sherman,  Roger,  
Smith.  James,  
Stockton.  Richard,  .... 

Princeton,  N.  J.,     October  1,  1730 
Charles  Co.,  Md.,                in  1742 
Ireland                in   171fi 

Taylor,  George,  
Thornton,  Matthew,  .... 
Walton,  George,  

,  ,,  .  Ireland                in   1714 

Frederick  Co.,  Va.,             in   1740 
Kittery,  Maine,                   in   1730 
Lebanon,  Conn.,          April  8,  1731 
Scotland,                          about  1742 
Yester,  Scotland,          Feb  5,  1722 
Windsor,  Conn.,        Nov.  26,  1726 
Elizabeth  City  Co.,  Va.,            1726 

Whipple,  William,  
Williams,  William,  .... 
Wilson,  James,  

Witherspoon,  John,  .... 
Wolcott,  Oliver,  
Wythe,  George,  

APPENDIX. 


505 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 

FROM  1774  TO  1788. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Bartlett,  Josiah,     .... 
Blanchard,  Jonathan,      .     . 
Folsom,  Nathaniel,     .     .     . 

it                    « 
u                    it 

Foster,  Abiel,     

FROM 

1775, 

1783, 
1774, 

1777, 
1779, 
1783, 
1777, 
1782, 
1786, 
1775, 
1786, 
1779, 
1780, 
1785, 
1784, 
1779, 
1774, 
1780, 
1776, 
1778, 
1776, 
1782, 
1787, 

1774, 
1774, 
1774, 

1776, 
1784, 
1785, 
1776, 
1782, 
1782, 
1785, 
1775, 
1785, 
1782, 
1778, 
1782, 
1784, 
1786, 
1782, 
1784, 
1776, 
1782, 

TO 

'79 
'84 
'75 
'78 
'80 
'85 
'79 
'83 
'88 
'77 
'87 
'80 
'83 
'86 
'86 
'80 
'75 
'81 
'78 
'79 
'79 
'83 
'88 

'78 
'82 
'76 
'78 
'84 
'88 
'81 
'85 
'83 
'87 
'80 
'86 
'83 
'80 
'83 
'85 
'87 
'82 
'87 
'82 
'83 

Osgood,  Samuel,     .     .     .     . 
Otis,,  Samuel  A.,   .     .     .     . 
Paine,  Eobert  Treat,  .     .     . 
Partridge,  George,      .     .     . 

n                a 

Sedgwick,  Theodore,  .     .     . 
Sullivan,  James,     .... 
Thacher,  George,    .     .     .     . 
Ward,  Artemas,     .     .     .     . 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Arnold,  Jonathan,       .     .     . 
Arnold,  Peleg,  

FROM 

1780, 
1787, 
1774, 
1779, 
1783, 
1785, 
1782, 
1787, 
1780, 

1782, 
1787, 
1778, 
1780, 
1776, 
1783, 
1787, 
1774, 
1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1777, 
1783, 
1785, 
1781, 
1780, 
1786, 
1774, 

1777, 
1781, 
1784, 
1774, 
1774, 
1780, 
1787, 
1777, 
1783, 
1775, 
1777, 
1780, 
1787, 
1776, 
1784, 

TO 

:84 
'88 
'78 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'82 
'88 
'81 

'84 
'88 
'83 
'83 
'80 
'85 
'88 
'77 

'85 
'86 
'80 
'84 
'86 
'81 
'82 
'87 
'76 

'80 
'82 
'88 
'76 
'79 
'83 
'88 
'84 
'86 
76 
'79 
'84 
'88 
'84 
'87 

Frost,  George,    

Gilman,  John  Taylor,     .     . 
Oilman,  Nicholas,  .... 
Langdon,  John,      .... 

u            u 

Langdon,  Woodbury,      .     . 
Livermore,  Samuel,    .     .     . 

a                 a 

Long,  Pierce,     

Collins,  John,    
Cornell,  Ezekiel,    .... 
Ellery,  William,    .... 

a              a 

Hazard,  Jonathan,      .     .     .. 
Hopkins,  Stephen,  .... 

u              a 

Howell,  David,  . 

Peabody,  Nathaniel,  .     .     . 
Sullivan,  John,  

it                          U 

Thornton,  Matthew,  .     .     . 
Wentworth,  John,  Jr.,   .     . 
Whipple,  William,     .     .     . 
White,  Phillips,     .... 
Wingate,  Paine,     .... 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Adams,  John,    
Adams,  Samuel,     .... 
Gushing,  Thomas,  .... 
Dana   Francis,  

Manning,  ,  

Marchant,  Henry,  .... 
"              " 
Miller,  Nathan,      .... 
Mowry,  ,      

Varnum,  James  M.,  .     .     . 

«                 n 

^Vard,  Samuel,  

CONNECTICUT. 

Adams,  Andrew,    .... 

<  <              n 

Cook,  Joseph  P.,    .     .     .     . 
Deane,  Silas, 

it               a 

Gerry,  Elbridge,     .... 

<(                       U 

Gorham,  Nathaniel,    .     .     . 

«<                       u 

Hancock,  John,      .... 

tt              it 

Higginson,  Stephen,   .     .     . 
Holten,  Samuel,      .... 
it             n 
a               a 
1  1               « 
Jackson,  Jonathan,     .     .     . 
King,  Kufus,      
Lovell,  James,  
Lowell,  John,    

Dyer,  Eliphalet,     .... 

u       •       it 

Edwards,  Pierpont,    .     .     . 
Ellsworth,  Oliver,  .... 
Hillhouse,  William,   .     .     . 
Hosmer,  Titus,  

a             tt 

Huntington,  Benjamin,  .     . 

1  1                    a 

Huntington,  Samuel,  .     .     . 
Johnson,  William  S., 

33 


506 


APPENDIX. 


Law,  Richard,   .... 

FROM 

.  1777, 

TO 

'78 
'84 
'84 
'86 
'88 
'83 
'84 
'79 
'84 
'87 
'86 
'75 
'84 
:86 
'88 
'78 
'84 
'78 
'84 

'76 
'85 
'88 
'77 
'77 
'85 
'84 
'78 
'77 
'83 
'88 
'83 
'88 
'75 
'88 
'77 
'79 
'88 
'87 
'79 
'78 
'77 
'81 
'85 
'75 
'83 
'88 
'80 
'77 
'82 
'85 
'85 
'86 
'75 
'81 
'83 
'88 
'76 

Yates,  Abraham,  Jr.,      .     . 
Yates,  Peter  W 

FROM 

1787, 
1785, 

1783, 

1777, 
1781, 
1780, 
1784, 
1776, 
1787, 
1781, 
1776, 
1774, 
1787, 
1774, 
1783, 
1776, 
1781, 
1787, 
1778, 
1778, 
1782, 
1779, 
1776, 
1785, 
1779, 
1784, 
1774, 
1774, 
1778, 
1786, 
1777, 
1776, 
1774, 
1784, 
1776, 
1785, 
1776, 

1775, 
1778, 
1787, 
1778, 
1785, 
1774, 
1778, 
1787, 
1785, 
1777, 
1776, 
1780, 
1774, 
1782, 
1775, 
1774, 
1784, 
1784, 
1784, 

TO 

'88 

'87 

'85 
'78 
'84 
'81 
'87 
'82 
'88 
'84 
'76 
'76 
''88 
'76 
'84 
'78 
'84 
'88 
'80 
'79 
'83 
'80 
'77 
'86 
'82 
'85 
'75 
'76 
'79 
'87 
'79 
'77 
'76 
'85 
'77 
'86 
'83 

'76 

'80 
'88 
'82 
'87 
'76 
'79 
'88 
'86 
'79 
'78 
'83 
'76 
'83 
'76 
'75 
'85 
'85 
'86 

a                 it 

.  1781 

Mitchell,  Stephen  M.,     . 

a                 1  1 
1  1                 it 
Root  Jesse 

.  1783, 
.   1785, 

.  1787, 
1778 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Beatty,  John 

Boudinot,  Elias,     .... 

it              a 

Burnett,  W.,      
Cadwallader,  Lambert,   .     . 
Clark,  Abraham,    .... 

U                          It 

Condict,  Silas,    

Sherman,  Roger, 

.  1774, 

Spencer,  Joseph,     .     .     . 
Strong,  Jedediah,  .     .     . 
Sturges,  Jonathan,      .     . 
Tread  well,  John,   .     .     . 
Trumbull,  Joseph,       .     . 
Wadsworth,  James,    .     . 

U                           it 

Wadsworth,  Jeremiah,   . 
Williams,  William,    .     . 

n               a 

Wolcott,  Oliver,     .     .     . 
it            it 

NEW  YORK. 
Alsop   John 

.  1778, 
.  1782, 
.  1785, 
.  1785, 
.  1774, 
.  1783, 
.  1785, 
.  1787, 
.  1776, 
.  1783, 
.  1775, 
.  1780, 

1774 

Cooper,  John,    

Crane,  Stephen,      .     .     .     . 
Dayton,  Elias,    

De  Hart,  John,  
Dick,  Samuel,    
Elmer,  Jonathan,  .     .     .     . 

it             tt 
it             it 
Fell,  John,    
Frelinghuysen,  Frederick,  . 

U                                            tl 

Henderson,  Thomas,  .     . 
Hopkinson,  Francis,   .     .     . 
Hornblower,  Josiah,  . 
Houston,  William  C.,      .     . 

«                it 

Benson,  Egbert,     .     .     . 

U                          It 

Boerum,  Simon,     .     .     . 
Clinton,  George,     .     .     . 
De  Witt,  Charles,  .     .     . 

.  1784, 
.  1786, 
.  1774, 
.  1775, 
.  1783, 
1774 

DUGT  ^Villiam. 

.  1777, 

Livingston,  William,  .     . 
Neilson   John 

Floyd,  William,     .     .     . 

11                         it 

Gansevoort,  Leonard, 
Hamilton,  Alexander,     . 
"                 it 

Haring,  John,    .... 

U                       <l 

.  1774, 

.  1778, 
.  1787, 
.  1782, 
.  1787, 
.  1774, 
1785 

Scheurman   J 

Scudder,  Nathaniel,    .     .     . 
Sergeant,  Jonathan  D.,  . 
Smith,  Richard,      .     .     .     . 
Stewart,  ,    

Stockton,  Richard,      .     .     . 
Symmes,  John  C.,  .     .     .     . 
Witherspoon,  John,    .     .     . 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

.  1774, 

tl          It 

.  1778 

Lansing  John 

.  1784, 

Lawrance,  John,    .     .     . 

.  1785, 
1777 

Livingston,  Philip,     .     . 
Livingston,  Robert  R..   . 

it                    it 

Livingston,  Walter,   .     . 
Low,  Isaac,  
L'Hommedieu,  Ezra, 

tt                 a 

Morris,  Gouverneur,  .     . 
Morris,  Lewis,  .... 
McDougall,  Alexander,  . 

tt                   tt 

Paine,  Ephraim,    .     .     . 
Platt,  Zephaniah,   .     .     . 
Schuyler,  Philip,    .     .     . 

tt              ti 

Scott,  John  Morin,     .     . 
Smith,  Melancthon,    .     . 
Wisner,  Henry,      .     .     . 

.  1774, 
.  1775, 

.  1779, 
.  1784, 
.  1774, 
.  1779, 
.  1787, 
.  1777, 
.  1775, 
.  1781, 
.  1784, 
.  1784, 
.  1784, 
.  1775, 
.  1778, 
.  1780, 
.  1785, 
.  1774, 

Armstrong,  John,  .... 

ti                it 

Atlee   Samuel                        . 

Bayard   John                    . 

Biddle,  Edward,     .... 

it            it 

Bingham,  William,     .     .     . 
Clarkson,  Matthew,    .     .     . 
Clingan,  William,  .... 

it             it 
Dickinson,  John,    .... 
Fitzsimmons,  Thomas,    .     . 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  .     .     . 
Galloway,  Joseph,  .... 
Gardner,  Joseph,    .... 
Hand   Edward,  

Henry,  William,    .... 

APPENDIX. 


507 


Humphreys,  Charles,  .     . 
Ingersoll,  Jared,     .     .     . 
Irwinc     - 

FROM 

.  1774, 

.  1780, 
.  1786, 

TO 

'76 
'81 
'88 
'86 
'81 
'80 
'88 
'76 
'84 
'84 
'78 
'84 
'77 
'80 
'83 
'87 
'88 
'78 
'75 
'79 
'77 
'77 
'80 
'80 
'78 
'78 
'82 
'87 
'77 
'76 
'78 
'83 
'87 
'83 

'85 
'87 
'86 
'77 
'80 
'83 
'77 
'88 
'84 
'88 
'76 
'83 
'86 
'86 
'77 
'76 
'78 
'84 
'83 
'87 
'78 
'85 
'82 

Vining,  John,  

FROM 

1784, 

1782, 

1775, 

1778, 
1776, 
1780, 
1783, 
1774, 
1784, 
1787, 
1778, 
1786, 
1774, 
1775, 
1783, 
1781, 
1785, 
1782, 
1778, 
1784, 
1784, 
1787, 
1778, 
1775, 
1783, 
1783, 
1784, 
1783, 
1774, 
1778, 
1781, 
1785, 
1785, 
1775, 
1786, 
1776, 
1784, 
1787, 
1777, 
1775, 
1784, 
1774, 
1781, 

1778, 
1778, 
1774, 
1780, 
1776, 
1787, 
1785, 
1779, 
1779, 
1784, 
1778, 
1787, 

TO 

'86 
'83 

'77 
'80 
'78 
'84 
'84 
'78 
'85 
'88 
'80 
'87 
'75 
'76 
'84 
'83 
'87 
'84 
'81 
'87 
'87 
'88 
'82 
'77 
'84 
'84 
'85 
'86 
'79 
'81 
'82 
'87 
'86 
'76 
'87 
'78 
'85 
'88 
'78 
'79 
'85 
'77 
'82 

'80 
'79 
'76 
'83 
'76 
'88 
'86 
'80 
'81 
'87 
'81 
'88 

Wharton,  Samuel,  .... 
MARYLAND. 

Alexander,  Robert,  .  .  . 
Carmichael,  William,  .  . 
Carroll,  Charles,  .... 
Carroll,  Daniel,  .... 
Chase,  Jeremiah  T.,  .  .  . 
Chase  Samuel 

Jackson,  David,      .     .     . 
Matlack,  Timothy,      .     . 
McClene,  James,    .     .     . 
Meredith,          ,  . 

.  1785, 
.  1780, 

.  1778, 
.  1787, 

Mifflin,  Thomas,     .     .     . 

a                n 

Morris,  Charles,      .     .     . 
Morri^  Robert 

.  1774, 

.  1782, 
.  1783, 
.  1776, 

a            a 

Montgomery,  John,    .     . 
Morton   John 

.  1780, 
.  1774, 

Contee,  Benjamin,  .  .  . 
Forbes  James  . 

Muhlenherg,  Frederick  A. 
Peters,  Richard,     .     .     . 
Pettit   Charles,  .... 

,.  1778, 
.  1782, 
.  1785, 

Forrest  Uriah 

Goldsborough,  Robert,  .  . 
Hall  John 

.  1787, 

a         ti 

1777, 

Rhodes,  Samuel,     .     .     . 
Roberdeau,  Daniel,     .     . 
Ross,  George,     .... 

.  1774, 
.  1777, 
.  1774, 

Harrison,  William,  .  .  . 
Hemsley,  William,  .  .  . 
Henry,  John,  

it  *         it 

Rush,  Benjamin,     .     .     . 
Searle   Jamfs          . 

.  1776, 
.  1778, 

Hindman,  William,  .  .  . 
Howard,  John  E.,  .... 

Shippen,  William,      .     . 

.  1778, 
1776 

Jenifer,  D.,  of  St.  Thomas,  . 
Johnson,  Thomas,  .... 
Lee,  Thomas  Sim,  .  .  . 
Lloyd,  Edward,  .... 
Martin,  Luther,  .  .  .  . 
McHenry,  James,  .... 
Paca  ^Villiam 

Smith,  Jonathan  B.,  .     . 
Smith,  Thomas,.     .     .     . 
St.  Clair,  Arthur,  .     .     . 
Taylor  George 

.  1777, 
.  1780, 
.  1785, 
1776, 

Willing,  Thomas,  .     .     . 
Wilson,  James,  .... 

.  1775, 
.  1775, 

a                   It 

.  1782, 

tt                       it 

.  1785, 

Potts  Richard 

Wynkoop,  Henry,.     .     . 

DELAWARE. 

Bedford,  Gunning,  .     .     . 

<{               it 

Bedford,  Gunning,  Jr.,  . 
Dickinson,  John,    .     .     . 
"  '          " 
Dickinson,  Philemon,     . 

.  1779, 

.  1783, 
.  1786, 
.  1785, 
.  1776, 
.  1779, 
.  1782, 
1  77fi 

Ramsay,  Nathaniel,  .  .  . 
Ridgely,  Richard,  .... 
Rogers,  John,  
Ross  David,  

Rumsey,  Benjamin,  .  .  . 
Scott,  Gustavus,  .... 
Seney  Joshua 

Smith,  William,  .... 

Stone,  Thomas,  

«             it 

Kearney,  Dyre,      .     .     . 
McComb,  Eleazer,  .     .     . 
Mitchell,  Nathaniel,  .     . 
McKean,  Thomas,       .     . 

it.              it 

Patton  John 

.  1786, 
.  1782, 
.  1786, 
.  1774, 
.  1778, 
1785 

Tilghman,  Matthew,  .  .  . 
Wright,  Turbett,  .... 

VIRGINIA. 

Adams,  Thomas,  .  .  .  . 
Banister,  John,  . 

Peery,  William,     .     .     . 

.  1785, 
.  1774, 

Bland,  Richard,  .  .  .  . 
Bland,  Theodoric,  .  .  .  . 

Rodney,  Caesar,       .     .     . 

«             « 

.  1774, 
.  1777, 

Brown,  John,  

u             n 

1783 

Carrington,  Edward,  .  .  . 
Fitzhugh,  ,  .... 
Fleming,  William,  .  .  . 
Grayson,  William,  .  .  . 
Griffin  Cyrus,  

Rodney,  Thomas,    .     .     . 

it            a 

Sykes,  James,    . 

.  1781, 
.  1785, 
.  1777, 

Tilton   James 

1783 

Van  Dvke.  Nicholas,  . 

.  1777, 

u           u 

508 


APPENDIX. 


Hardy,  Samuel,      .... 
Harrison,  Benjamin,  .     .     . 

FROM 

1783, 
1774, 

1778, 
1780, 
1774, 
1775, 
1783, 
1777, 
1780, 
1781, 
1775, 
1785, 
1774, 
1784, 
1780, 
1786, 
1779, 
1782, 
1783, 
1775, 
1779, 
1777, 
1774> 
1779, 
1774, 
1778, 
1774, 
1775, 

1787, 
1786, 
1782, 
1786, 
1777, 
1787, 
1774, 
1784, 
1777, 
1781, 
1786, 
1774, 
1779, 
1778, 
1774, 
1780, 
1779, 
1780, 
1782, 
1785, 
1775, 
1777, 
1784, 
1779, 
1783, 
1787, 
1778, 
1782, 
1787, 
1786, 

TO 

'85 
'78 
'79 
'81 
'76 
'77 
'85 
'78 
'83 
'84 
'80 
'88 
'80 
'87 
'83 
'88 
'80 
'85 
'86 
'77 
'80 
'77 
'75 
'82 
'75 
'82 
'75 
'77 

'88 
'87 
'83 
'87 
'81 
'88 
'76 
'84 
'80 
'84 
'87 
'77 
'80 
'81 
'77 
'82 
'80 
'81 
'84 
'86 
'76 
'80 
'85 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'79 
'85 
'88 
'88 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

FROM 

1780, 
1783, 
1784, 
1787, 
1778, 
1781, 
1774, 
1782, 
1776, 
1786, 
1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1780, 
1777, 
1774, 
1776, 
1778, 
1776, 
1781, 
1774, 
1780, 
1786, 
1777, 
1784, 
1782, 
1785, 
1783, 
1774, 
1774, 
1782, 
1777, 
1787, 

1785, 
1776, 
1775, 
1778, 
1780, 
1785, 
1784, 
1776, 
1785, 
1775, 
1775, 
1784, 
1780, 
1775, 
1781, 
1777, 
1786, 
1777, 
1780, 
1776, 
1780, 
1777, 
1775, 

TO 

'82 
'85 
'87 
'88 
'79 
'82 
'76 
'83 
'78 
'88 
'79 
'83 
'-87 
'81 
'80 
'76 
'77 
'82 
'78 
'83 
'76 
'82 
'88 
'78 
'87 
'84 
'86 
'85 
'77 
'77 
'83 
'78 
'88 

'88 
'78 
'76 
'80 
'82 
'88 
'86 
'77 
'86 
'79 
'77 
'87 
'81 
'76 
'83 
'79 
'87 
'79 
'83 
'79 
'81 
'79 
'76 

Beresford,  Richard,  .  .  . 
Bull  John 

Henry   James,        .... 

Butler,  Pierce,  

Jefferson,  Thomas,      .     .     . 

u                   u 

Jones    Joseph 

Drayton,  William  Henry,  . 
Eveleigh,  Nicholas,  .  .  . 
Gadsden,  Christopher,  .  . 
Gervais,  John  L  . 

a            a 

Lee  Arthur 

Hey  ward,  Thomas,  Jr.,  .  . 
Huger,  Daniel, 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot,  .     . 

Hutson,  Richard,  .... 
Izard,  Ralph,  .  .  .  . 

Lee,  Richard  Henry,  .     .     . 
"                    " 
Madison,  James,  Jr.,  .     .     . 

«            a 

.Mercer  James                  . 

Kean,  John,  

Kinloch,  Francis,  .... 
Laurens,  Henry,  .... 

Lynch,  Thomas,  .... 
Lynch,  Thomas,  Jr.,  .  .  . 
Matthews,  John,  .... 
Middleton,  Arthur,  .  .  . 

It                              K 

Middleton,  Henry,  .  .  . 
Motte,  Isaac,  

^Mercer   John  F 

Nelson,  Thomas,     .... 
"            «( 

Pasre   IVIann                       .     . 

Pendleton,  Edmund,  .     .     . 
Randolph,  Edmund,   .     .     . 
Randolph,  Peyton,      .     .     . 
Smith,  Mere  wether,    .     .     . 
Washington,  George,  .     .     . 

Parker,  John,  

Pinckney,  Charles,     .     .     . 
"                 " 
Ramsay,  David,     .... 

ti            tt 

NORTH  CAROLINA 
Ashe   John  B 

Rutledge,  Edward,  .  .  . 
Rutledge,  John,  .... 

it            tt 

Bloodworth,  Timothy,     .     . 
Blount,  William,    .... 
«             « 

Burke,  Thomas,      .... 
Burton,  Robert,      .... 
Caswell,  Richard,    .... 
Gumming,  William,  .     .     . 
Harnett,  Cornelius,     .     .     . 
Hawkins,  Benjamin,  .     .     . 

u                      u               ... 

Trapier,  Paul,  

Tucker,  Thomas  T.,  .  .  . 

GEORGIA. 

Baldwin,  Abraham,  .  .  . 
Brownson,  Nathan,  .  .  . 
Bullock,  Archibald,  .  .  . 
Clay  Joseph,  

Few,  William,  

it                u 

It                       It 

Hill   Whitmill,      .... 

Gibbons,  William,  .  .  . 
Gwinnett,  Button,  .  .  . 
Habersham,  John,  .... 
Hall,  Lyman,  

Hooper,  William,  .... 
Johnston,  Samuel,      .     .     . 
Jones   Allen 

Houston,  John,  

Nash   Abner                     . 

Houston,  William,  .  .  . 
Howley,  Richard,  .... 
Jones,  Noble  Wimberly,  . 

tt      '                u 
Langworthy,  Edward,    .     . 
Pierce   W 

it                       <(                

UK 

Sitgreaves,  John,  .... 
Sharpe,  William,  .... 
Spaight,  Richard  D.,  .     .     . 
Swan   John 

Telfair,  Edward,    .... 
tt             n            .... 
Walton,  George,    .... 

"             " 
"W^ood  Joseph              .     .     . 

Williams,  John,     .... 
Williamson,  Hugh,     .     .     . 

<(                  n 

White,  Alexander,     .     .     . 

Zubly,  John  J.,  .... 

APPENDIX. 


509 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 

FROM  1774  TO  1788. 


Peyton  Randolph, 
Henry  Middleton, 
Peyton  Randolph, 
John  Hancock, 
Henry  Laurens, 
John  Jay, 

Samuel  Huntington, 
Thomas  McKean,  . 
John  Hanson, 
Elias  Boudinot, 
Thomas  Mifflin,      . 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
Arthur  St.  Clair,    . 
Cyrus  Griffin, 


Virginia, 
South  Carolina, 
Virginia, 
Massachusetts, 
South  Carolina, 
New  York, 

Connecticut,  . 

Delaware, 

Maryland, 

New  Jersey,  . 

Pennsylvania, 

Virginia, 

Massachusetts, 

Pennsylvania, 

Virginia, 


ELECTED. 

September  5,  1774. 
October  22,  1774. 
May  10,  1775. 

May  24,  1775. 

November  1,  1777. 
December  10,  1778. 
September  28,  1779. 
July  10,  1781. 

November  5,  1781. 
November  4,  1782. 
November  3,  1783. 
November  30,  1784. 
June  ,  6,  1786. 
February  2,  1787. 
January  22,  1788. 


SESSIONS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 

The  sessions  of  the  Continental  Congress  were  commenced  as  follows : 

September  5,  1774,  also  May  10,  1775,  at  Philadelphia;  December  20,  1776,  at 
Baltimore;  March  4,  1777,  at  Philadelphia;  September  27,  1777,  at  Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania;  September  30,  1777,  at  York,  Pennsylvania ;  July  2,  1778,  at  Phila 
delphia;  June  30,  1783,  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey;  November  26,  1783,  at  Annapo 
lis,  Maryland;  November  1,  1784,  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey;  January  11,  1785,  at 
New  York,  which,  from  that  time,  continued  to  be  the  place  of  meeting  until  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  From  1781  to  1788,  Congress 
met  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  November,  pursuant  to  the  Articles  of  Con 
federation. 


CONSTITUTION 


OF   THE 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 


WE  the  People  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect 
Union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  bless 
ings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  esta 
blish  this  CONSTITUTION  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

AKTICLE  I. 

SECTION  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

SECT.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  he  composed  of  members  chosen 
every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  in  each 
State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of 
twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 
shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States 
which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their  respective  numbers, 
which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  includ 
ing  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed, 
three-fifths  of  all  other  persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within 
three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within 
every  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in  such  a  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct. 
The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand, 
but  each  State  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative ;  and  until  such  enumeration 
shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  three,  Mas 
sachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  one,  Connecticut  five, 
New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylvania  eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland 
six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five,  South  Carolina  five,  and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State  the  executive 
authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  officers ;  and 
shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

SECT.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators 
from  each  State,' chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator 
shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  election, 
they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the 


APPENDIX.  511 


Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  of 
the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  of  the  third  clas's  at  the 
expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one-third  may  he  chosen  every  second  year  ; 
and  if  vacancies  happen  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  any  State,  the  'Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments 
until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty 
years,  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when 
elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Yice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but 
shall  have  no  vote,  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore,  in 
the  absence  of  the  Yice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  President 
of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When  sitting 
for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President  of  the 
United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside  :  and  no  person  shall  be  con 
victed  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal 
from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or 
profit  under  the  United  States ;  but  the  party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be 
liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according  to 
law. 

SECT.  4.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Senators  and 
Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof;  but 
the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to 
the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such  meeting 
shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a  differ 
ent  day. 

SECT  5.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and  qualifica 
tions  of  its  own  members,  and- a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do 
business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  autho 
rized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members  in  such  manner  and  under  such 
penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 

Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members 
for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time  pub 
lish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may  in  their  judgment  require  secrecy  ;  and 
the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House  on  any  question  shall,  at  the 
desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Neither  House,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the 
other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which 
the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

SECT.  6.  The  Senators  and  Kepresentatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for 
their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the 
peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their 
respective  Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any 
speech  or  debate  in  either  House  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other 
place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected, 
be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been  increased 
during  such  time ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States  shall 
be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

SECT.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  on  other 
bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the  Se 
nate  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United 


512  APPENDIX. 


States  ;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if  not'he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objec 
tions,  to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  objec 
tions  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  recon 
sideration  two-thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent, 
together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be 
reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House,  it  shall  become  a  law. 
But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and 
nays,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  House  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by 
the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  pre 
sented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it, 
unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it 
shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment), 
shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  ;  and  before  the  same  shall 
take  effect,  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  re- 
passed  by  two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the 
rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

SECT.  8.  The  Congress  shall  have  power 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  pro 
vide  for  the  common  defence  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States  ;  but  all 
duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States ; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  States,  and 
with  the  Indian  tribes; 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject 
of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the 
standard  of  weights  and  measures; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current  coin 
of  the  United  States ; 

To  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads ; 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,  by  securing  for  limited 
times  to  authors  and  inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings  and 
discoveries ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and 
offences  against  the  law  of  nations ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules  concerning 
captures  on  land  and  water ; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use  shall  be 
for  a  longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  sup 
press  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions  ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  govern 
ing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  re 
serving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the  authority 
of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress  ; 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square),  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States^  and  the  ac 
ceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  to 
exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  State  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arse 
nals,  dock-yards,  and  other  needful  buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  execu 
tion  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

SECT.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States  now 


APPENDIX.  513 


existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior 
to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  im 
posed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when 
in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the 
census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the 
ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another ;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one 
State,  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in  consequence  of  appropria 
tions  made  by  law ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  ex 
penditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States ;  and  no  person  hold 
ing  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Con 
gress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title,  of  any  kind  whatever, 
from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  State. 

SECT.  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation  ;  grant 
letters  of  marque  and  reprisal ;  coin  money  ;  emit  bills  of  credit ;  make  anything 
but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts  ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder, 
ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligations  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title 
of  nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties 
on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its 
inspection  laws ;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts,  laid  by  any  State 
on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States ; 
and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep 
troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with 
another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded, 
or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

AKTICLE  II. 

SECTION  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and, 
together  with  the  Yice-President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof  may  direct, 
a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  .Representatives 
to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress ;  but  no  Senator  or  Represen 
tative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  shall 
be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[*  The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons, 
of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves.  And 
they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of*  votes  for  each  ; 
which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates, 
and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall 
be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed  ; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes, 
then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  Presi 
dent  ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House 
shall  in  like  manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be 
taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum  for  thispur- 

#  This  clause  within  brackets  has  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  12th  amendment 
on  page  519. 


514  APPENDIX. 


pose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of 
all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  Presi 
dent,  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.  But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose 
from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-President.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and  the  day  on 
which  they  shall  give  their  votes ;  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the 
United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Presi 
dent;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall  not  have  attained 
to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the 
United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation, 
or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall 
devolve  on  the  Yice-President,  and  the  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for  the  case 
of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Yice-Presi 
dent,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act 
accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation, 
which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he 
shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period  any  other 
emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  affirmation : 

"  I do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

SECT.  2.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  the  Militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into  the 
actual  service  of  the  United  States  ;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the 
principal  officer  in  each  of  the  Executive  Departments,  upon  any  subject  relating 
to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves 
and  pardons  for  oifences  against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make 
treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur ;  and  he  shall  nomi 
nate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint  Ambas 
sadors,  other  public  Ministers  and  Consuls,  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all 
other  officers  of  the  United  States,  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise 
provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  law  ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law 
vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers,  as  they  think  proper,  in  the  Presi 
dent  alone,  in  the  Courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  Departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen  during 
the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of 
their  next  session. 

SECT.  8.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the 
state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene 
both  Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them,  with 
respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall 
think  proper  ;  he  shall  receive  Ambassadors  and  other  public  Ministers  ;  he  shall 
take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers 
of  the  United  States. 

SECT.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of,  trea 
son,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

AKTICLE  III. 

SECTION  1.  The  Judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one 


APPENDIX.  515 


Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to 
time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts, 
shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive 
for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  he  diminished  during  their 
continuance  in  office. 

SECT.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity,  arising 
under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which 
shall  be  made,  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other 
public  Ministers,  and  Consuls  ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdic 
tion  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party  ;  to  controver 
sies  between  two  or  more  States  ;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another  State ; 
between  citizens  of  different  States  ;  between  citizens  of  the  same  State  claiming 
lands  under  grants  of  different  States;  and  between  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof, 
and  foreign  States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers,  and  Consuls,  and 
those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  juris 
diction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  ap 
pellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions,  and  under  such 
regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by  jury  ;  and 
such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  com 
mitted  ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place 
or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

SECT.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No 
person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to 
the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason,  but  no 
attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during 
the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

AKTICLE  IY. 

SECTION  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  acts, 
records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress  may 
by  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records,  and  proceed 
ings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

SECT.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immu 
nities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall 
flee  from  justice,  and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  Execu 
tive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to 
the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping 
into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged 
from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom 
such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

SECT.  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union ;  but  no 
new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other  State  ; 
nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States, 
without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as  well  as  of  the 
Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and 
regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United 
States ;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice  any 
claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

SECT.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  re 
publican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion  ; 
and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature 
cannot  be  convened),  against  domestic  violence. 


516 


APPENDIX. 


AKTICLE  Y. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall 
propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or  on  the  application  of  the  Legislatures 
of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amend 
ments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of 
this  Constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several 
States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of 
ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress  ;  Provided,  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  shall 
in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  of  the  ninth  section  of  the  first 
article ;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suf 
frage  in  the  Senate. 

AETICLE  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into,  before  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution, 
as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be  made  in 
pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the  au 
thority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land  ;  and  the  Judges 
in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  constitution  or  laws  of  any 
State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  members  of  the 
several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  ofiicers,  both  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support 
this  Constitution  ;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to 
any  ofiice  or  public  trust  under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  es 
tablishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

DONE  in  Convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States  present,  the  seven 
teenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America 
the  twelfth.  IN  WITNESS  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
John  Langdon,  Nicholas  Gilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Nathaniel  Gorham,  Rufus  King. 

CONNECTICUT. 
William  S.  Johnson,  Roger  Sherman. 

NEW  YORK. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

William  Livingston,  David  Brearley, 

William  Paterson,  Jonathan  Dayton. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Benjamin  Franklin, 
Robert  Morris, 
Thomas  Fitzsimmons, 
James  Wilson, 


Thomas  Mifflin, 
George  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
Gouverneur  Morris. 


APPENDIX. 


517 


George  Eead, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 


James  McHenry, 
Daniel  Carroll, 


John  Blair, 


William  Blount, 
Hugh  Williamson, 

J.  Kutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 

William  Few, 
Attest : 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 


VIRGINIA. 


Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Kichard  Bassett. 


Daniel  Jenifer,  of  St.  Thomas. 


James  Madison,  Jr. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Kichard  D.  Spaight. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


GEORGIA. 


Charles  C.  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 


Abraham  Baldwin. 
WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


STATE  RATIFICATIONS  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

The  Constitution  was  adopted  September  17,  1787,  by  the  Convention  appointed 
in  pursuance  of  the  resolution  of  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  of  February 
21,  1787,  and  was  ratified  by  the  Conventions  of  the  several  States  as  follows,  viz. : 

By  Convention  of  Delaware, December    7,1787. 

Pennsylvania, December  12,  1787. 

New  Jersey, December  18,  1787. 

Georgia, January       2,  1788. 

Connecticut, January       9,  1788. 

Massachusetts, February     6,  1788. 

Maryland, April           28,  1788. 

South  Carolina, May            23,  1788. 

New  Hampshire, June           21,1788. 

Virginia, June           26,  1788. 

New  York, July            26,  1788. 


North  Carolina, 
Khode  Island,  . 


November  21,  1789. 
May  29,  1790. 


518  APPENDIX. 


ARTICLES  IN  ADDITION  TO,  AND  AMENDMENT  OF, 
THE  CONSTITUTION 

OP    THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

PROPOSED   BY   CONGRESS,  AND  RATIFIED   BY  THE  LEGISLATURES  OF  THE  SEVERAL 
STATES,  PURSUANT  TO  THE   FIFTH  ARTICLE   OF   THE  ORIGINAL  CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE  I. 

CONGRESS  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  pro 
hibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech,  or  of  the 
press  ;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the  Govern 
ment  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE  II. 

A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right 
of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house,  without  the  con 
sent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IY. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  eifects, 
against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and  no  warrants 
shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  par 
ticularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be 
seized. 

ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital,  or  otherwise  infamous  crime, 
unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in 
the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  war 
or  public  danger  ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  oifence  to  be  twice 
put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb ;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be 
a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due 
process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just 
compensation. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and 
public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall 


APPENDIX.  519 


have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained  by 
law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to  be  confronted 
with  the  witnesses  against  him ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  wit 
nesses  in  his  favor,  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

AKTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty 
dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury 
shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States,  than  according 
to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and 
unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be  construed 
to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  pro 
hibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any 
suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States 
by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  Presi 
dent  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the 
same  State  with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for 
as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and 
they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  per 
sons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists 
they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the 
Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the 
certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted  ;  the  person  having  the  greatest 
number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority, 
then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list 
of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  imme 
diately,  by  ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall 
be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum 
for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the 
States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the 
House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  President  whenever  the  right  of  choice 
shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the 
Vice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  consti 
tutional  disability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  as  Vice-President,  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then 
from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-Presi 
dent  ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of 
Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But 
no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to 
that  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 


520  APPENDIX. 


THE  FOLLOWING  IS  PREFIXED  TO  THE  FIRST  TEN*  OF  THE  PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

BEGUN   AND   HELD    AT   THE   CITY   OF   NEW   YORK,    ON   WEDNESDAY,   THE   FOURTH 
OF    MARCH,    ONE    THOUSAND    SEVEN    HUNDRED    AND    EIGHTY-NINE. 

THE  Conventions  of  a  number  of  the  States  having,  at  the  time  of  their  adopting 
the  Constitution,  expressed  a  desire,  in  order  to  prevent  misconstruction  or  abuse 
of  its  powers,  that  further  declaratory  and  restrictive  clauses  should  be  added;  and 
as  extending  the  ground  of  public  confidence  in  the  Government  will  best  insure 
the  beneficent  ends  of  its  institution, — 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  the  following 
articles  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  as  amendments  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  all,  or  any  of  which  articles,  when  ratified 
by  three-fourths  of  the  said  Legislatures,  to  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes, 
as  part  of  the  said  Constitution,  viz.  : 

Articles  in  addition  to,  and  amendment  of,  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  proposed  by  Congress,  and  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  several 
States  pursuant  to  the  Fifth  Article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

The  first  ten  amendments  of  the  Constitution  were  ratified  by  the  States  as  fol 
lows,  viz. : 

By  New  Jersey, November  20,  1789. 

"  Maryland, December  19,  1789. 

"  North  Carolina, December  22,  1789. 

"  South  Carolina,  .......  January      19,  1790. 

"  New  Hampshire,          ......  January      25,  1790. 

"  Delaware, January      28,  1790. 

"  Pennsylvania, March         10,  1790. 

"  New  York, March         27,  1790. 

"  Khode  Island, June  15,  1790. 

«  Vermont, November    3,  1791. 

"  Virginia,     ........  December  15,  1791. 


*  It  may  be  proper  here  to  state  that  twelve  articles  of  amendment  were  proposed  by  the 
First  Congress,  of  which  but  ten  were  ratified  by  the  States, — the  first  and  second  in  order 
not  having  been  ratified  by  the  requisite  number  of  States. 

These  two  were  as  follows  : 

Article  First. — After  the  first  enumeration  required  by  the  First  Article  of  the  Constitution, 
there  shall  be  one  Representative  for  every  thirty  thousand,  until  the  number  shall  amount 
to  one  hundred,  after  which,  the  proportion  shall  be  so  regulated  by  Congress,  that  there 
shall  not  be  less  than  one  hundred  Representatives,  nor  less  than  one  Representative  for 
every  forty  thousand  persons,  until  the  number  of  Representatives  shall  amount  to  two  hun 
dred,  after  which  the  proportion  shall  be  so  regulated  by  Congress  that  there  shall  not  be 
less  than  two  hundred  Representatives,  nor  more  than  one  Representative  for  every  fifty 
thousand  persons. 

Article  Second. — No  law,  varying  the  compensation  for  the  services  of  the  Senators  and 
Representatives,  shall  take  effect  until  an  election  of  Representatives  shall  have  intervened. 


APPENDIX.  521 


THE  FOLLOWING  IS  PREFIXED  TO  THE  ELEVENTH  OF  THE  PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

THIRD  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  IN 
THE  STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  ON  MONDAY,  THE  SECOND  OF  DECEMBER,  ONE 
THOUSAND  SEVEN  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-THREE. 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Ame 
rica,  in  Congress  assembled,  two- thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  the  follow 
ing  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States ;  which,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of 
the  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  as  part  of  the  said  Constitution,  viz. : 


THE  FOLLOWING  IS  PREFIXED  TO  THE  TWELFTH  OF  THE  PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

EIGHTH  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON,  IN 
THE  TERRITORY  OF  COLUMBIA,  ON  MONDAY,  THE  SEVENTEENTH  OF  OCTOBER, 
ONE  THOUSAND  EIGHT  HUNDRED  AND  THREE. 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Ame 
rica,  in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  in  lieu  of 
the  third  paragraph  of  the  first  section  of  the  Second  Article  of  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  the  following  be  proposed  as  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  ;  which,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of  the  said 
Constitution,  to  wit : 

The  ten  first  of  the  preceding  amendments  were  proposed  at  the  first  session  of 
the  First  Congress  of  the  United  States,  September  25, 1789,  and  were  finally  rati 
fied  by  the  constitutional  number  of  States,  December  15,  1791.  The  eleventh 
amendment  was  proposed  at  the  first  session  of  the  Third  Congress,  March  5,  1794, 
and  was  declared,  in  a  message  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  both 
houses  of  Congress,  dated  January  8,  1798,  to  have  been  adopted  by  the  constitu 
tional  number  of  States.  The  twelfth  amendment  was  proposed  at  the  first  session 
of  the  Eighth  Congress,  December  12,  1803,  and  was  adopted  by  the  constitutional 
number  of  States  in  1804,  according  to  a  public  notice  thereof  by  the  Secretary  of 
State,  dated  September  25  of  the  same  year. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS. 


STATE  DEPARTMENT. 

THIS  Department  is  managed  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  one   Assistant 
Secretary. 


DIPLOMATIC   BRANCH. 


This  branch  has  charge  of  all  correspondence  between  the  Department  and 
other  diplomatic  agents  of  the  United  States  abroad,  and  those  of  foreign  powers 
accredited  to  this  Government.  In  it  all  diplomatic  instructions  sent  from  the 
Department,  and  communications  to  Commissioners  under  treaties  of  boundaries, 
&c.,  are  prepared,  copied,  and  recorded ;  and  all  of  like  character  received  are  re 
gistered  and  filed,  their  contents  being  first  entered  in  an  analytic  table  or  index. 


CONSULAR   BRANCH. 


This  branch  has  charge  of  the  correspondence,  &c.,  between  the  Department 
and  the  Consuls  and  Commercial  Agents  of  the  United  States.  In  it  instructions 
to  those  officers,  and  answers  to  their  despatches  and  to  letters  from  other  persons 
asking  for  consular  agency,  or  relating  to  consular  affairs,  are  prepared  and  re 
corded. 


THE  DISBURSING  AGENT. 


He  has  charge  of  all  correspondence  and  other  matters  connected  with  accounts 
relating  to  any  fund  with  the  disbursement  of  which  the  Department  is  charged. 

THE  TRANSLATOR. 

His  duties  are  to  furnish  such  translations  as  the  Department  may  require.  He 
also  records  the  commissions  of  Consuls  and  Vice-Consuls,  when  not  in  English, 
upon  which  exequaturs  are  issued. 

CLERK  OF  APPOINTMENTS  AND  COMMISSIONS. 

He  makes  out  and  records  commissions,  letters  of  appointment,  and  nominations 
to  the  Senate  ;  makes  out  and  records  exequaturs,  and  records,  when  in  English, 
the  commissions  on  which  they  are  issued.  Has  charge  of  the  library. 

CLERK  OF  THE  ROLLS  AND  ARCHIVES. 

He  takes  charge  of  the  rolls,  or  enrolled  acts  and  resolutions  of  Congress,  as 
they  are  received  at  the  Department  from  the  President ;  prepares  the  authenti 
cated  copies  thereof  which  are  called  for ;  prepares  for,  and  superintends  their 
publication,  and  that  of  treaties,  in  the  newspapers  and  in  book  form  ;  attends  to 
their  distribution  throughout  the  United  States,  and  that  of  all  documents  and 
publications  in  regard  to  which  this  duty  is  assigned  to  the  Department ;  writing 
and  answering  all  letters  connected  therewith.  Has  charge  of  all  Indian  treaties, 
and  business  relating  thereto. 


APPENDIX.  523 


CLERK  OF  TERRITORIAL  BUSINESS — THE  SEAL  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT. 

He  has  charge  of  the  seals  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Department,  and 
prepares  and  attaches  certificates  to  papers  presented  for  authentication ;  has  charge 
of  the  territorial  business  ;  immigration  and  registered  seamen  ;  records  all  letters 
from  the  Department  other  than  the  diplomatic  and  consular. 

CLERK  OF  PARDONS  AND  PASSPORTS. 

He  prepares  and  records  pardons  and  remissions,  and  registers  and  files  the  peti 
tions  and  papers  on  which  they  are  founded.  Makes  out  and  records  passports  ; 
keeps  a  daily  register  of  all  letters,  other  than  diplomatic  and  consular,  received, 
and  of  the  disposition  made  of  them  ;  prepares  letters  relating  to  this  business. 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  STATISTICS. 

He  superintends  the  preparation  of  the  "  Annual  Keport  of  the  Secretary  of  State 
on  Foreign  Commerce,"  as  required  by  the  Acts  of  1842  and  1856. 


ATTOENEY-GENEBAL'S  OFFICE. 

The  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States  is  at  the  head  of  this  office.     Its 
ordinary  business  may  be  classified  under  the  following  heads  : 

1.  Official  opinions  on  the  current  business  of  the  Government,  as  called  for  by 
the  President,  by  any  head  of  Department,  or  by  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 

2.  Examination  of  the  titles  of  all  land  purchased,  as  the  sites  of  .arsenals,  cus 
tom-houses,  light-houses,  and  all  other  public  works  of  the  United  States. 

3.  Applications  for  pardons  in  all  cases  of  conviction  in  the  courts  of  the  United 
States. 

4.  Applications  for  appointment  in  all  the  judicial  and  legal  business  of  the 
Government. 

5.  The  conduct  and  argument  of  all  suits  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  in  which  the  Government  is  concerned. 

6.  The  supervision  of  all  other  suits  arising  in  any  of  the  Departments  when 
referred  by  the  head  thereof  to  the  Attorney-General. 

To  these  ordinary  heads  of  the  business  of  the  office  has  been  added  the  direction 
of  all  appeals  on  land  claims  in  California. 


LNTEBIOB  DEPAKTMENT. 

This  Department  is  in  charge  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  one  Assistant 
Secretary,  who  have  the  supervision  and  management  of  the  following  branches 
of  the  public  service. 

THE  PUBLIC  LANDS. — The  chief  of  this  bureau  is  called  the  Commissioner  of 
the  General  Land-office.  The  Land  Bureau  is  charged  with  the  survey,  manage 
ment,  and  sale  of  the  public  domain,  and  the  issuing  of  titles  therefor,  whether 
derived  from  confirmation  of  grants  made  by  former  governments,  by  sales,  dona 
tions,  of  grants  for  schools,  military  bounties,  or  public  improvements,  and  like 
wise  the  revision  of  Virginia  military  bounty-land  claims,  and  the  issuing  of  scrip 
in  lieu  thereof.  The  Land-office,  also,  audits  its  own  accounts. 

PENSIONS. — The  Commissioner  is  charged  with  the  examination  and  adjudica 
tion  of  all  claims  arising  under  the  various  and  numerous  laws  passed  by  Congress 
granting  bounty -land  or  pensions  for  the  military  or  naval  service  in  the  Kevolu- 
tionary  and  subsequent  wars  in  which  the  United  States  have  been  engaged. 


524  APPENDIX. 


INDIANS. — Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  who  has  charge  of  all  business  con 
nected  with  the  Indian  tribes. 

PATENT-OFFICE. — To  this  bureau  is  committed  the  execution  and  performance 
of  all  "  acts  and  things  touching  and  respecting  the  granting  and  issuing  of  patents 
for  new  and  useful  discoveries,  inventions,  and  improvements;''  and  the  collection 
of  statistics. 

An  act  of  Congress  provided  that  all  books,  maps,  charts,  and  other  publications 
heretofore  deposited  in  the  Department  of  State,  according  to  the  laws  regulating 
copyrights,  should  be  removed  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  which  is  charged 
with  all  the  duties  connected  with  matters  pertaining  to  copyright ;  which  duties 
have  been  assigned  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  the  Patent-office,  as  belong 
ing  most  appropriately  to  this  branch  of  the  service. 

AGRICULTURAL  BUREAU. — In  charge  of  a  Commissioner,  who  has  exclusive 
supervision  of  all  matters  connected  with  agriculture. 

Besides  the  above  principal  branches  of  this  Executive  Department,  the  organic 
act  of  1849  transferred  to  it  from  the  Treasury  Department  the  supervision  of  the 
accounts  of  the  United  States  Marshals  and  Attorneys,  and  the  Clerks  of  the 
United  States  Courts,  the  management  of  the  lead  and  other  mines  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  affairs  of  the  Penitentiary  of  the  United  States  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  ;  and  from  the  State  Department,  the  duty  of  taking  and  returning  the 
Censuses  of  the  United  States,  and  of  supervising  and  directing  the  acts  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings.  The  Hospital  for  the  Insane  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  and  of  the  District  of  Columbia  is  also  under  the  management  of  this 
Department;  in  addition  to  which,  by  later  laws,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is 
charged  with  the  construction  of  the  three  wagon  roads  leading  to  the  Pacific 
coast. 

Under  act  of  February  5,  1859,  "providing  for  keeping  and  distributing  a 
public  documents,  all  the  books,  documents,  &c.,  printed  or  purchased  by  the 
G-overnment,''  the  Annals  of  Congress,  American  State  Papers,  American  Ar 
chives,  Jefferson's  and  Adams's  works,  are  transferred  to  this  Department  from 
the  State  Department,  Library  of  Congress,  and  elsewhere  ;  also  the  Journals  and 
Documents  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  These  valuable  works  are  distributed  to 
those  who  are  by  law  entitled  to  receive  them,  and  to  such  "  colleges,  public  libra 
ries,  athenaeums,  literary  and  scientific  institutions,  boards  of  trade,  or  public  asso 
ciations,''  as  shall  be  designated  by  the  members  of  Congress. 


TKEASUKY  DEPAKTMENT. 

The  Treasury  Department  is  in  charge  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and 
one  Assistant  Secretary,  and  the  following  is  a  brief  indication  of  the  duties  "of  the 
several  bureaus. 

SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

The  Secretary  is  charged  with  the  general  supervision  of  the  fiscal  transactions 
of  the  Government,  and  of  the  execution  of  the  laws  concerning  the  commerce 
and  navigation  of  the  United  States.  He  superintends  the  survey  of  the  coast, 
the  light-house  establishment,  the  marine  hospitals  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
construction  of  certain  public  buildings  for  custom-houses  and  other  purposes. 

FIRST  COMPTROLLER'S  OFFICE. 

He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  rendering  accounts  for  the  civil  and 
diplomatic  service,  as  well  as  the  public  lands,  and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances 
arising  thereon. 

SECOND  COMPTROLLER'S  OFFICE. 

He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  rendering  the  accounts  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  and  of  the  Indian  and  Pension  bureaus,  of  the  public  service,  and  revises 
and  certifies  the  balances  arising  thereon. 


APPENDIX.  525 


OFFICE    OF   COMMISSIONER   OF   THE    CUSTOMS. 

He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  rendering  the  accounts  of  the  customs 
revenue  and  disbursements,  and  for  the  building  and  repairing  custom-houses,  &c., 
and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances  arising  thereon. 

FIRST  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  the  accounts  of  the  customs  revenue  and  disbursements, 
appropriations  and  expenditures  on  the  account  of  the  civil  list  and  under  pri 
vate  acts  of  Congress,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  Customs 
and  the  First  Comptroller,  respectively,  for  their  decision  thereon. 

SECOND  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  relating  to  the  pay,  clothing,  and  recruit 
ing  of  the  army,  as  well  as  armories,  arsenals,  and  ordnance,  and  all  accounts 
relating  to  the  Indian  Department,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Second  Comp 
troller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

THIRD  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for  subsistence  of  the  army,  fortifications, 
Military  Academy,  military  roads,  and  the  Quartermaster's  department,  as  well 
as  for  pensions,  claims  arising  from  military  services  previous  to  1816,  and  for 
horses  and  other  property  lost  in  the  military  service,  under  various  acts  of  Con 
gress,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

FOURTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for  the  service  of  the  Navy  Department, 
and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

% 

FIFTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for  diplomatic  and  similar  services  per 
formed  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Department,  and  reports  the  balances  to 
the  First  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

SIXTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  arising  from  the'service  of  the  Post-office 
Department.  His  decisions  are  final,  unless  an  appeal  be  taken  in  twelve  months 
to  the  First  Comptroller.  He  superintends  the  collection  of  all  debts  due  the  Post- 
office  Department,  and  all  penalties  and  forfeitures  imposed  on  postmasters  and 
mail  contractors  for  failing  to  do  their  duty ;  he  directs  suits  and  legal  proceed 
ings,  civil  and  criminal,  and  takes  all  such  measures  as  may  be  authorized  by  law 
to  enforce  the  prompt  payment  of  moneys  due  to  the  department ;  instructing 
United  States  attorneys,  marshals,  and  clerks  in  all  matters  relating  thereto  ;  and 
receives  returns  from  each  term  of  the  United  States  Courts  of  the  condition  and 
progress  of  such  suits  and  legal  proceedings ;  has  charge  of  all  lands  and  other 

B'operty  assigned  to  the  United  States  in  payment  of  debts  due  the  Post-office 
epartment,  and  has  power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the 
United  States. 

TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

He  receives  and  keeps  the  moneys  of  the  United  States  in  his  own  office,  and 
that  of  the  depositories  created  by  the  Act  of  August  6,  1846,  and  pays  out  the 
same  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  countersigned  by 
the  First  Comptroller,  and  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Postmaster-General, 
countersigned  by  the  Sixth  Auditor,  and  recorded  by  the  Kegister.  He  also  holds 
public  moneys  advanced  by  warrant  to  disbursing  officers,  and  pays  out  the 
same  upon  their  checks. 


526  APPENDIX. 


He  keeps  the  accounts  of  public  receipts  and  expenditures ;  receives  the  returns 
and  makes  out  the  official  statement  of  commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United 
States ;  and  receives  from  the  First  Comptroller  and  Commissioner  of  Customs  all 
accounts  and  vouchers  decided  by  them,  and  is  charged  by  law  with  their  safe 
keeping. 

SOLICITOR'S  OFFICE. 

He  superintends  all  civil  suits  commenced  by  the  United  States  (except  those 
arising  in  the  Post-office  Department),  and  instructs  the  United  States  attorneys, 
marshals,  and  clerks  in  all  matters  relating  to  them  and  their  results.  He  re 
ceives  returns  from  each  term  of  the  United  States  Courts,  showing  the  progress 
and  condition  of  such  suits ;  has  charge  of  all  lands  and  other  property  assigned 
to  the  United  States  in  payment  of  debts  (except  those  assigned  in  payment  of  debts 
due  the  Post-office  Department),  and  has  power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  for 
the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

LIGHT-HOUSE   BOARD. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  ex-officw  President.  This  board  directs  the  building 
and  repairing  of  light-houses,  light- vessels,  buoys,  and  beacons,  contracts  for  sup 
plies  of  oil,  &c. 

UNITED    STATES    COAST    SURVEY. 

Prof.  A.  D.  Bache,  LL.D.,  is  the  Superintendent,  and  he  is  also  Superintendent 
of  Weights  and  Measures.  All  the  charts  of  the  Government  emanate  from  this 
office. 

INTERNAL   REVENUE    OFFICE. 

A  Commissioner,  who  has  charge  of  all  matters  connected  with  the  Tax  Laws. 

• 

COMPTROLLER  OF  THE  CURRENCY. 

The  head  of  this  office  has  charge  of  everything  connected  with  the  issuing  of 
money. 


POST-OFFICE  DEPABTMENT. 

The  direction  and  management  of  the  Post-office  Department  are  assigned  by 
the  Constitution  and  laws  to  the  Postmaster-General.  That  its  business  may  be 
the  more  conveniently  arranged  and  prepared  for  his  final  action,  it  is  distributed 
among  several  bureaus,  as  follows:  The  Appointment  Office,  in  charge  of  the  First 
Assistant  Postmaster-General ;  the  Contract  Office,  in  charge  of  the  Second  Assis 
tant  Postmaster-General;  the  Finance  Office,  in  charge  of  the  Third  Assistant 
Postmaster-General ;  and  the  Inspection  Office,  in  charge  of  the  Chief  Clerk. 

« 

APPOINTMENT    OFFICE. 

To  this  office  are  assigned  all  questions  which  relate  to  the  establishment  and 
discontinuance  of  post-offices,  changes  of  sites  and  names,  appointment  and  re 
moval  of  postmasters,  and  route  and  local  agents,  as,  also,  the  giving  of  instruc 
tions  to  postmasters.  Postmasters  are  furnished  with  marking  arid  rating  stamps 
and  letter  balances  by  this  bureau,  which  is  charged  also  with  providing  blanks 
and  stationery  for  the  use  of  the  Department,  and  with  the  superintendence  of  the 
several  agencies  established  for  supplying  postmasters  with  blanks.  To  this  bureau 
is  likewise  assigned  the  supervision  of  the  ocean  mail  steamship  lines,  and  of  the 
foreign  and  international  postal  arrangements. 


APPENDIX.  527 


CONTRACT    OFFICE. 

To  this  office  is  assigned  the  business  of  arranging  the  mail  service  of  the  United 
States,  and  placing  the  same  under  contract,  embracing  all  correspondence  and 
proceedings  respecting  the  frequency  of  trips,  mode  of  conveyance,  and  times  of 
departures  and  arrivals  on  all  the  routes ;  the  course  of  the  mail  between  the  differ 
ent  sections  of  the  country,  the  points  of  mail  distribution,  and  the  regulations 
for  the  government  of  the  domestic  mail  service  of  the  United  States.  It  prepares 
the  advertisements  for  mail  proposals,  receives  the  bids,  and  takes  charge  of  the 
annual  and  occasional  mail  lettings,  and  the  adjustment  and  execution  of  the  con 
tracts.  All  applications  for  the  establishment  or  alteration  of  mail  arrangements, 
and  the  appointment  of  mail  messengers,  should  be  sent  to  this  office.  All  claims 
should  be  submitted  to  it  for  transportation  service  not  under  contract,  as  the  re 
cognition  of  said  service  is  first  to  be  obtained  through  the  Contract  Office  as  a 
necessary  authority  for  the  proper  credits  at  the  Auditor's  office.  From  this  office 
all  postmasters  at  the  ends  of  routes  receive  the  statement  of  mail  arrangements 
prescribed  for  the  respective  routes.  It  reports  weekly  to  the  Auditor  all  con 
tracts  executed,  and  all  orders  affecting  accounts  for  mail  transportation ;  prepares 
the  statistical  exhibits  of  the  mail  service,  and  the  reports  of  the  mail  lettings, 
giving  a  statement  of  each  bid ;  also  of  the  contracts  made,  the  new  service  origi 
nated,  the  curtailments  ordered,  and  the  additional  allowances  granted  within  the 
year. 

FINANCE    OFFICE. 

To  this  office  are  assigned  the  supervision  and  management  of  the  financial  busi 
ness  of  the  Department,  not  devolved  by  law  upon  the  Auditor,  embracing  ac 
counts  with  the  draft  offices  and  other  depositories  of  the  Department,  the  issuing 
of  warrants  and  drafts  in  payment  of  balances,  reported  by  the  Auditor  to  be  due 
to  mail  contractors  and  other  persons,  the  supervision  of  the  accounts  of  offices 
under  orders  to  deposit  their  quarterly  balances  at  designated  points,  and  the 
superintendence  of  the  rendition  by  postmasters  of  their  quarterly  returns  of  post 
ages.  It  has  charge  of  the  dead-letter  office,  of  the  issuing  of  postage  stamps  and 
stamped  envelopes  for  the  prepayment  of  postage,  and  of  the  accounts  connected 
therewith. 

To  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  all  postmasters  should  direct  their 
quarterly  returns  of  postage ;  those  at  draft  offices  their  letters  reporting  quarterly 
the  net  proceeds  of  their  offices ;  and  those  at  depositing  offices  their  certificates  of 
deposit;  to  him  should  also  be  directed  the  weekly  and  monthly  returns  of  the  de 
positaries  of  the  Department,  as  well  as  all  applications  and  receipts  for  postage 
stamps  and  stamped  envelopes,  and  for  dead-letters. 

INSPECTION    OFFICE. 

To  this  office  is  assigned  the  duty  of  receiving  and  examining  the  registers  of 
the  arrivals  and  departures  of  the  mails,  certificates  of  the  service  of  route  agents, 
and  reports  of  mail  failures ;  of  noting  the  delinquencies  of  contractors,  and  pre 
paring  cases  thereon  for  the  action  of  the  Postmaster-General ;  furnishing  blanks 
for  mail  registers,  and  reports  of  mail  failures;  providing  and  sending  out  mail- 
bags  and  mail-locks  and  keys,  and  doing  all  other  things  which  may  be  necessary 
to  secure  a  faithful  and  exact  performance  of  all  mail  contracts. 

All  cases  of  mail  depredation,  of  violation  of  law  by  private  expresses,  or  by  the 
forging  or  illegal  use  of  postage  stamps,  are  under  the  supervision  of  this  office, 
and  should  be  reported  to  it. 

All  communications  respecting  lost  money,  letters,  mail  depredations,  or  other 
violations  of  law,  or  mail-locks  and  keys,  should  be  directed,  "Chief  Clerk,  Post- 
office  Department." 

All  registers  of  the  arrivals  and  departures  of  the  mails,  certificates  of  the  ser 
vice  of  route  agents,  reports  of  mail  failures,  applications  for  blank  registers,  and 
reports  of  failures,  and  all  complaints  against  contractors  for  irregular  or  imper 
fect  service,  should  be  directed,  "Inspection-office,  Post-office  Department." 


528  APPENDIX. 


:NAYY  DEPAKTMENT. 

The  Navy  Department  consists  of  the  Navy  Department  proper,  being  the  office 
of  the  Secretary  and  of  five  bureaus  attached  thereto,  viz. :  Bureau  of  Navy-yards 
and  Docks  ;  Bureau  of  Construction,  Equipment,  and  Kepair  ;  Bureau  of  Provi 
sions  and  Clothing ;  Bureau  of  Ordnance  and  Hydrography  ;  and  the  Bureau  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  duties  of  each  of  these  offices. 


The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  has  charge  of  everything  connected  with  the  naval 
establishment,  and  the  execution  of  all  laws  relating  thereto  is  intrusted  to  him, 
under  the  general  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  who,  by  the 
Constitution,  is  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy.  All  instructions  to 
commanders  of  squadrons,  and  commanders  of  vessels,  all  orders  of  officers,  com 
missions  of  officers  both  in  the  navy  and  marine  corps,  appointments  of  commis 
sioned  and  warrant  officers,  orders  for  the  enlistment  and  discharge  of  seamen, 
emanate  from  the  Secretary's  office.  All  the  duties  of  the  different  bureaus  are 
performed  under  the  authority  of  the  Secretary,  and  their  orders  are  considered 
as  emanating  from  him.  The  general  superintendence  of  the  marine  corps  forms, 
also,  a  part  of  the  duties  of  the  Secretary,  and  all  the  orders  of  the  commandant  of 
that  corps  should  be  approved  by  him. 

BUREAU  OF  NAVY-YARDS  AND  DOCKS. 

All  the  navy-yards,  docks,  and  wharves,  buildings  and  machinery  in  navy- 
yards,  and  everything  immediately  connected  with  them,  are  under  the  superin 
tendence  of  this  bureau.  It  is  also  charged  with  the  management  of  the  Naval 
Asylum. 

BUREAU    OF    CONSTRUCTION,    EQUIPMENT,    AND   REPAIR. 

The  office  of  the  Engineer-in-chief  of  the  Navy  is  attached  to  this  bureau,  who 
is  assisted  by  three  assistant  engineers.  This  bureau  has  charge  of  the  building 
and  repairs  of  all  vessels-of-war,  purchase  of  materials,  and  the  providing  of  all 
vessels  with  their  equipments,  as  sails,  anchors,  water-tanks,  &c.  The  Engineer- 
in-chief  superintends  the  construction  of  all  marine  steam-engines  for  the  navy, 
and,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary,  decides  upon  plans  for  their  construction. 

BUREAU    OF   PROVISIONS    AND    CLOTHING. 

All  provisions  for  the  use  of  the  navy,  and  clothing,  together  with  the  making 
of  contracts  for  furnishing  the  same,  come  under  the  charge  of  this  bureau. 

BUREAU  OF  ORDNANCE  AND  HYDROGRAPHY. 

This  bureau  has  charge  of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores,  the  manufacture  or 
purchase  of  cannon,  guns,  powder,  shot,  shells,  &c.,  and  the  equipment  of  vessels- 
of-war,  with  everything  connected  therewith.  It  also  provides  them  with  maps, 
charts,  chronometers,  barometers,  &c.,  together  with  such  books  as  are  furnished 
ships-of-war.  "  The  United  States  Naval  Observatory  and  Hydrographical 
Office,"  at  Washington,  and  the  Naval  Academies  at  Annapolis  and  Newport,  are 
also  under  the  general  superintendence  of  the  chief  of  this  bureau. 

BUREAU    OF    MEDICINE   AND    SURGERY. 

Everything  relating  to  medicines  and  medical  stores,  treatment  of  sick  and 
wounded,  and  management  of  hospitals,  comes  within  the  superintendence  of  this 
bureau. 


APPENDIX.  529 


WAE  DEPAKTMENT. 

This  Department  is  in  charge  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  one  regular  Assistant  and 
two  temporary  Assistant  Secretaries.  The  following  bureaus  are  attached  to  this 
Department : 

COMMANDING    GENERAL'S    OFFICE. 

The  duties  of  this  officer  comprise  the  arrangement  of  the  military  forces,  and 
the  superintendence  of  the  recruiting  service ;  he  attends  to  the  discipline  of  the 
army ;  orders  courts-martial ;  and  it  is  his  province  to  see  that  the  laws  and  regu- 
latio'ns  of  the  army  are  enforced.  This  office  is  usually  located  in  Washington, 
but  wherever  it  may  be,  it  is  called  the  Headquarters  of  the  Army. 


ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

In  this  office  are  kept  all  the  records  which  refer  to  the  personnel  of  the  army, 
the  rolls,  &c.,  and  where  all  military  commissions  are  made  out ;  all  orders  which 
emanate  from  Headquarters  or  the  War  Department  proper,  pass  through  this 
office ;  and  here  are,  received  all  the  annual  returns  from  the  army  and  militia  of 
the  United  States. 

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

The  objects  of  this  bureau  are  to  insure  an  efficient  system  of  supply,  and  to  give 
facility  and  effect  to  the  movements  and  operations  of  the  army.  It  also  has  con 
trol  of  the  barracks,  and  furnishes  the  clothing  and  all  transportation  that  may  be 
required  for  the  army. 

PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

All  the  disbursements  in  money  are  made  to  the  army  from  this  office. 


This  office  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  purchasing  and  issuing  all  rations  to  the 
army. 

SURGEON-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

All  matters  connected  with  medicine  and  surgery,  are  under  the  control  of  this 
office,  as  well  as  the  management  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  also  all  the  hos 
pitals. 

ENGINEER'S  OFFICE. 

In  addition  to  a  general  direction  of  all  matters  connected  with  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  army,  this  office  is  also  charged  with  the  care  of  the  Military  Aca 
demy  at  West  Point. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL    BUREAU. 

This  bureau  has  charge  of  all  topographical  operations  and  surveys  for  military 
purposes,  and  for  purposes  of  internal  improvement,  and  of  all  maps,  drawings, 
and  documents  relating  to  those  duties. 

ORDNANCE   BUREAU. 

This  office  is  charged  with  the  control  of  the  arsenals  and  armories,  and  has  the 
superintendence  of  the  manufacture  of  the  arms  and  cannon,  and  the  custody  of 
all  ordnance  stores. 


THE 

SEVERAL  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES 


OF    THE 


AMERICAN  UNION. 


THE  THIRTEEN  ORIGINAL  STATES  THAT  FORMED  AND  CONFIRMED  THE 
UNION,  BY  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION,  ARE  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

NEW  HAMPSHIKE. 

First  settled  at  Dover  and  Portsmouth,  in  1623,  by  the  Puritans. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  September  18,  1679,  when  a  separate  charter  and  government 
was  granted.  A  Constitution  was  formed  January  5,  1776,  which  was  altered  in 
1784,  and  was  further  altered  and  amended  February  13,  1792. 

This  State  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  June  21,  1788. 

Area,  9280  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  317,976  ;  1860,  326,073. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

First  settled  at  Plymouth,  by  English  Puritans  from  Holland,  who  landed  De 
cember  22,  1620. 

Chartered  March  4,1629;  also  chartered  January  13,  1630;  an  explanatory 
charter  granted  August  20,  1726  ;  and  more  completely  chartered  October  7,  1731. 
Formed  a  Constitution  March  2,  1780,  which  was  altered  and  amended  November 
3,  1820,  and  on  several  occasions  since  that  time. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  February  6,  1788. 

Area,  7800  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  994,514 ;  1860,  1,231,066. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

First  settled  at  Providence,  in  1636,  by  Roger  "Williams. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  July  8,  1662,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which  con 
tinued  in  force  until  a  Constitution  was  formed,  September,  1842. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May  29,  1790. 

Area,  1306  square  miles.   Population  in  1850,  147,545;  1860,  174,621. 

CONNECTICUT. 

First  settled  at  Windsor,  in  1635,  by  Puritans. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  April  23,  1662,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which  con 
tinued  in  force  until  a  Constitution  was  formed,  September  15,  1818. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  January  9,  1788. 

Area,  4674  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  370,792  ;  1860,  460,147. 


APPENDIX.  531 


NEW  YOKK. 

First  settled  on  Manhattan  Island  in  1614. 

Granted  to  Duke  of  York,  March  20,  1664,  April  26,  1664,  and  June  24,  1664. 
Newly  patented  February  9,  1674 :  formed  a  Constitution,  April  20,  1777,  which 
was  amended  October  27,  1801,  and  further  amended  November  10,  1821.  A  new 
Constitution  was  formed  in  1846. 

Katified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  July  26,  1788. 

Area,  46,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  3,097,394 ;  1860,  3,880,735. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

First  settled  at  Bergen,  in  1620,  by  the  Dutch. 

Held  under  same  grants  as  New  York ;  separated  into  East  and  West  Jersey 
March  3,  1677.  The  government  surrendered  to  the  Crown  in  1702,  and  so  con 
tinued  until  the  formation  of  a  Constitution,  July  2,  1776. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  18,  1787. 

Area,  8320  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  489,555  ;  1860,  672,035. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

First  settled  on  the  Delaware  River,  in  1682,  by  William  Penn. 
Chartered   February  28,   1681;    formed  a  Constitution   September    28,  1776; 
amended,  September  2,  1790,  and  in  1838,  and  1857. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  12,  1787. 

Area,  46,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  2,311,786;  1860,  2,906,115. 

DELAWARE. 

First  settled  at  Cape  Henlopen,  in  1627,  by  Swedes  and  Finns. 

Embraced  in  the  charter,  and  continued  under  the  government  of  Pennsylvania 
until  the  formation  of  a  Constitution,  September  20,  1776 ;  a  new  Constitution 
formed  June  12,  1792,  and  amended  in  1831. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  7,  1787. 

Area,  2120  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  91,532;  1860,  112,216. 

MARYLAND. 

First  settled  at  St.  Mary,  in  1634,  by  Roman  Catholics. 

Chartered  June  20,  1632;  formed  a  Constitution  August  14,  1776,  which  was 
amended  in  1795  and  1799,  and  further  amended  in  November,  1812,  and  1851. 
Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  April  28,  1788. 
Area,  11,124  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  583,034;  1860,  687,049. 

VIRGINIA. 

First  settled  at  Jamestown,  in  1607,  by  the  English. 

Chartered  April  10,  1606,  May  23,  1609,  and  March  12,  1612;  formed  a  Consti 
tution  July  5,  1776;  amended,  January  15,  1830. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  June  26,  1788. 

Area,  38,352  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1,421,661 ;  1860,  1,261,397. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

First  settled  at  Albemarle,  in  1650,  by  the  English. 

Chartered  March  20,  1663,  and  June  30,  1665;  formed  a  Constitution  December 
18,  1776,  which  was  amended  in  1835. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  November  21,  1789. 
Area,  50,704  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  869,039;  1860,  992,622. 


532  APPENDIX. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

First  settled  at  Port  Koyal,  in  1670,  by  the  Huguenots. 

Embraced  in  the  charters  of  Carolina  or  North  Carolina,  from  which  it  was 
separated  in  1729;  formed  a  Constitution  March  26,  1776,  which  was  amended 
March  19,  1778,  and  June  3,  1790. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May  23,  1788. 

Area,  29,585  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  668,507;  1860,  703,708. 

GEORGIA. 

First  settled  at  Savannah,  in"1733,  by  Oglethorpe. 

Chartered  June  9,  1732;  formed  a  Constitution  February  5,  1777,  a  second  in 
1785,  a  third  May  30,  1798,  and  amended  in  1839. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  January  2,  1788. 

Area,  58,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  906,185;  I860,  1,057,386. 


THE  STATES  ADMITTED  INTO  THE  UNION  SINCE  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE 
FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION  ARE  AS  FOLLOWS: 

VERMONT. 

First  settled  at  Fort  Dummer  in  1764. 

Formed  from  territory  of  New  York. 

Admitted  March  4,  1791. 

A  Constitution  adopted  July  9,  1793. 

Area,  9056^  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  314,120;  1860,  315,098. 

KENTUCKY. 

First  settled  near  Lexington  in  1775. 

Formed  from  territory  of  Virginia. 

Admitted  June  1,  1792. 

A  Constitution  laid  before  Congress  November  7, 1792. 

A  new  Constitution  adopted  August  17,  1799. 

Area,  37,680  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  982,405;  1860,  1,155,684. 

TENNESSEE. 

Formed  from  territory  of  North  Carolina  in  1790. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  February  6,  1796,  and  amended  in  1835. 

Admitted  June  1,  1796. 

Area,  45,600  square  miles.     Population  in  1850, 1,002,717  ;  1860,  1,109,801. 

OHIO. 

First  settled  at  Marietta  in  1788. 

Formed  from  Northwest  Territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  November  1,  1802,  and  amended  in  1851. 

Admitted  November  29,  1802. 

Area,  39,964  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1,980,329  ;  1860,  2,339,511. 

LOUISIANA. 

First  settled  at  Iberville  in  1699. 

Formed  from  French  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  January  22,  1812,  and  amended  in  1845  and  1852. 

Admitted  April  8,  1812. 

Area,  41,255  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  517,762;  1860,  708,002. 


APPENDIX.  533 


INDIANA. 

First  settled  at  Vincennes  in  1730. 

Formed  from  Northwest  Territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  June  29,  1816,  and  amended  in  1851. 

Admitted  December  11,  1816. 

Area,  33,809  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  988,416  ;  1860,  1,350,428. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

First  settled  at  Natchez  in  1716. 

Formed  from  territory  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  March  1,  1817,  and  amended  in  1832. 

Admitted  December  10,  1817. 

Area,  47,156  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  606,526  ;  1860,  791,305. 

ILLINOIS. 

First  settled  at  Kaskaskia  in  1720. 

Formed  from  Northwest  Territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  August  26,  1818. 

Admitted  December  3,  1818. 

Area,  55,409  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  851,470  ;  1860,  1,711,951. 

ALABAMA. 

Formed  from  territory  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  for  two  years  bore 
the  name  of  Mississippi  Territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  August  2,  1819. 

Admitted  December  14,  1819. 

Area,  50,722  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  771,623;  1860,  964,201. 

MAINE. 

First  settled  at  Bristol  in  1624. 

Formed  from  territory  of  Massachusetts. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  October  29,  1819. 

Admitted  March  15,  1820. 

Area,  31,766  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  583,169  ;  1860,  628,279. 

MISSOUKI. 

First  settled  at  St.  Louis  in  1764. 

Formed  from  French  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  July  19,  1820. 

Admitted  August  10,  1821. 

Area,  67,380  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  682,044  ;  1860,  1,182,612. 

AKKANSAS. 

Formed  from  French  territory,  the  Louisiana  purchase. 

Presented  a  Constitution  March  1,  1836. 

Admitted  June  15,  1836. 

Area,  52,198  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  209,897;  1860,  435,450. 

MICHIGAN. 

First  settled  on  the  Detroit  Kiver  in  1650. 
Formed  from  territory  originally  belonging  to  Virginia. 

Presented  a  memorial  for  admission  January  25,  1833,  with  a  Constitution, 
which  was  revised  in  1850. 
Admitted  January  26,  1837. 
Area,  56,243  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  397,654  ;  1860,  749,013. 


534  APPENDIX. 


FLOKIDA. 

Discovered  in  1497,  and  first  explored  by  Ponce  de  Leon  in  1512. 

Formed  from  Spanish  territory. 

Presented  a  Constitution  February  20,  1839. 

Admitted  March  3,  1845. 

Area,  59,268  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  87,445;  1860,  140,425. 

TEXAS. 

First  settled  in  1792. 

Was  an  Independent  Kepublic. 

Admitted  December  29,  1845. 

Area,  324,018  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  212,592  ;  1860,  604,215. 

WISCONSIN. 

First  settled  at  Green  Bay  in  1670. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  January  21,  1847. 

Admitted  May  29,  1848. 

Area,  53,924  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  305,391 ;  1860,  775,881. 

IOWA. 

First  settled  at  Galena  and  Dubuque. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Presented  a  Constitution  December  9,  1844. 

Admitted  December  28,  1846. 

Area,  55,045  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  192,214  ;  1860,  674,943. 

CALIFOKNIA. 

First  settled  on  the  Pacific  slope. 
Formed  from  Mexican  territory. 
Adopted  a  Constitution  November  13,  1849. 
Admitted  September  9,  1850. 


L  »ep 
!,982 


Area,  188,982  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  92  59^ :   1860,  380,194. 

MINNESOTA. 

First  settled  on  the  St.  Peter's  Kiver  in  1805 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Admitted  May  11,  1858. 

Area,  83,531  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  6077  ;  1860,  172,143. 

OREGON. 

First  settled  by  the  Spaniards. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  in  November,  1857. 

Admitted  February  12,  1859. 

Area,  102,606  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  12,093  ;  1860,  52,405. 

KANSAS. 

Formed  from  Indian  Territory. 
Admitted  December  6,  1859. 
Area,  114,798  square  miles.     Population  in  1860,  107,206. 

WEST  VIKGINIA. 

Formed  from  the  State  of  Virginia. 

Admitted  December  31,  1862. 

Area,  23,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1860,  393,234. 


APPENDIX.  535 


TERRITORIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

UTAH. 

Organized  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  109,600  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  11,380;  1860,  188,193. 

FEW  MEXICO. 
Organized  September  9,  1850. 
Area,  124,450  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  61,547;  1860,  no  census. 

WASHINGTON. 

Organized  November  2,  1853. 

Area,  71,300  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1201;  1860,  11,068. 

NEBKASKA. 
Organized  May  30,  1854. 
Area,  122,007  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  10,716;  1863,  12,519. 

COLOKADO. 

Organized  in  1861. 

Area,  106,475  square  miles.     Population  in  1860,  70,000. 

DAKOTA. 

Organized  in  1861. 

Area,  152,500  square  miles.     No  census. 

NEVADA. 

Organized  in  1861. 

Area,  83,500  square  miles.    Population  in  1860,  40,000. 

AKIZONA. 

Organized  in  1863. 

Area,  130,800  square  miles.     No  census. 

IDAHO. 

Organized  in  1863. 

Area,  310,000  square  miles.     No  census. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Established  under  the  First  Article  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States : 
"Congress  shall  have  power  to  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatso 
ever,  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  par 
ticular  States,  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,"  &c.  In  pursuance  of  which  provision  the  State  of  Mary 
land,  December  23, 1788,  passed  u  An  act  to  cede  to  Congress  a  district  of  ten  miles 
square  in  this  State,  for  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States." 

And  the  State  of  Virginia,  December  3,  1789,  passed  "An  act  for  the  cession  of 
ten  miles  square,  or  any  lesser  quantity  of  territory  within  this  State,  to  the  United 
States  in  Congress  assembled,  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  General  Govern 
ment." 

These  cessions  were  accepted  by  Congress,  as  required  by  the  Constitution,  and 
the  permanent  seat  of  government  established  by  the  "Act  for  establishing  the 
temporary  and  permanent  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,"  approved 
July  16,  1790;  and  the  act  to  amend  the  same,  approved  March  3,  1791. 

The  district  of  ten  miles  square  was  accordingly  located,  and  its  lines  and  boun 
daries  particularly  established  by  a  proclamation  of  George  Washington,  President 
of  the  United  States,  March  30,  1791,  and  by  the  "Act  concerning  the  District  of 
Columbia,"  approved  February  27,  1801,  Congress  assumed  complete  jurisdiction 
over  the  said  District,  as  contemplated  by  the  framers  of  the  Constitution. 

Area,  50  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  51,687;  1860,  75,080. 


536  APPENDIX. 


ORIGIN  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  STATES. 

Maine  was  so  called  as  early  as  1623,  from  Maine,  in  France,  of  which  Henrietta 
Maria,  Queen  of  England,  was  at  that  time  proprietor. 

New  Hampshire  was  the  name  given  to  the  territory  conveyed  by  the  Plymouth 
Company  to  Captain  John  Mason,  by  patent,  November  7th,  1629,  with  reference 
to  the  patentee,  who  was  Governor  of  Portsmouth,  in  Hampshire,  England. 

Vermont  was  so  called  by  the  inhabitants  in  their  Declaration  of  Independence, 
January  16,  1777,  from  the  French  verd  mont,  the  Green  Mountains. 

Massachusetts  was  so  called  from  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  that  from  the  Massa 
chusetts  tribe  of  Indians,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston.  The  tribe  is  thought  to 
have  derived  its  name  from  the  Blue  Hills  of  Milton.  "I  had  learnt,"  says  Roger 
Williams,  "that  the  Massachusetts  was  so  called  from  the  Blue  Hills." 

Rhode  Island  was  so  called  in  1664,  in  reference  to  the  Island  of  Rhodes,  in  the 
Mediterranean. 

Connecticut  was  so  called  from  the  Indian  name  of  its  principal  river.  Connec 
ticut  is  a  Mocheakannew  word,  signifying  long  river. 

New  York  was  so  called  in  1664,  in  reference  to  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany, 
to  whom  this  territory  was  granted  by  the  King  of  England. 

New  Jersey  was  so'  called  in  1664,  from  the  Island  of  Jersey,  on  the  coast  of 
France,  the  residence  of  the  family  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  to  whom  the  territory 
was  granted. 

Pennsylvania  was  so  called  in  1681,  after  William  Penn. 

Delaware  was  so  called  in  1703,  from  Delaware  Bay,  on  which  it  lies,  and  which 
received  its  name  from  Lord  de  la  War,  who  died  in  this  bay. 

Maryland  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  I,  in  his 
patent  to  Lord  Baltimore,  June  30th,  1632. 

Virginia  was  so  called  in  1584,  after  Elizabeth,  the  Virgin  Queen  of  England. 

Carolina  was  so  called  by  the  French  in  1564,  in  honor  of  King  Charles  IX,  of 
France. 

Georgia  was  so  called  in  1732,  in  honor  of  King  George  II. 

Alabama  was  so  called  in  1814,  from  its  principal  river,  meaning  here  we  rest. 

Mississippi  was  so  called  in  1800,  from  its  western  boundary.  Mississippi  is  said 
to  denote  the  whole  river,  i.  e.,  the  river  formed  by  the  union  of  many. 

Louisiana  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Louis  XIV  of  France. 

Tennessee  was  so  called  in  1796,  from  its  principal  river.  The  word  Ten-as-se  is 
said  to  signify  a  curved  spoon. 

Kentucky  was  so  called  in  1792,  from  its  principal  river. 

Illinois  was  so  called  in  1809,  from  its  principal  river.  This  word  is  said  to  sig 
nify  the  river  of  men. 

Indiana  was  so  called  in  1809,  from  the  American  Indians. 

Ohio  was  so  called  in  1802,  from  its  southern  boundary. 

Missouri  was  so  called  in  1821,  from  its  principal  river.     Indian  name. 

Michigan  was  so  called  in  1805,  from  the  lake  on  its  border.     Indian  name. 

Arkansas  was  so  called  in  1812,  from  its  principal  river.     Indian  name. 

Florida  was  so  called  by  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon  in  1572,  because  it  was  discovered 
on  Easter  Sunday ;  in  Spanish,  Pascua  Florida. 

Wisconsin  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river.     Indian  name. 

Iowa  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river.     Indian  name. 

Oregon  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river.     Indian  name. 

Minnesota  is  also  an  Indian  word. 

California,  a  Spanish  word,  and  named  from  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Texas,  a  Spanish  word  applied  to  the  Republic. 

Kansas  is  an  Indian  name. 


APPENDIX. 


537 


PROGRESS  OF  POPULATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

FKOM  1790  TO  1860. 

Free  States,    .     . 

FIRST  CENSUS,  August  1,  1790. 

Whites.                 Free  Colored. 

.     .     .     1,900,772              26,831 

Slaves. 
40,850 
645,047 

Total. 
1,968,453 
1,961,374 

Slave  States 

1  271  692              32,635 

Total    . 

.     .     .     3,172,464              59,446 

697,897 

35,946 
857,095 

3,929,827 

2,684,609 
2,621,316 

Free  States,    .     . 

SECOND  CENSUS,  August  1,  1800. 
.     .     .     2,601,509              47,154 

Slave  States,  .     . 

.     .     .     1,702,980              61,241 

Total 

4  304  489            108  395 

893,041 

27,510 
1,163,854 

6,305,925 

3,758,910 
3,480,904 

Free  States,    .     . 

THIRD  CENSUS,  August  1,  1810. 
.     .     .     3,653,219              78,181 

Slave  States,  .     . 
Total, 

.     .     .     2,208,785            108,265 

.     .     .     5,862,004            186  446 

1,191,364 

19,108 
1,524,580 

7,239,814 

5,152,372 
4,502,224 

Free  States 

FOURTH  CENSUS,  August  1,  1820. 
5  030  371            102  893 

Slave  States, 

2  842  340             135  434 

Total,  .     . 

.     .     .     7  872,711            238  197 

1,543,688 

3,568 
2,005,475 

9,654,596 

7,017,717 
5,848,303 

12,866,020 

9,728,921 
7,334,434 

Free  States,    .     . 

FIFTH  CENSUS,  June  1,  1830. 
.     .     .     6,876,620            137,529 

Slave  States,  .     . 

.     .          3  660  758            182  070 

Total,  .     . 

.     .     .  10,537,378            319,599 

2,009,043 

1,129 
2,486,226 

Free  States 

SIXTH  CENSUS,  June  1,  1840. 
9  557  065            170  727 

Slave  States 

4  632  640            215  568 

Total,  . 

14,189  705            386  295 

2,487,355 

262 
3,204,051 

17,063,355 

13,527,220 
9,664,654 

Free  States,    .     . 

SEVENTH  CENSUS,  June  1,  1850. 
.     .     .  13,330,650            196,308 

Slave  States,  .     . 

.     .     .     6,222,418            238  187 

Total,  .     . 

Total 
Total 
Total 
Total 
Total 
Total 

.     .     .  19,553,068            434,495 

EIGHTH  CENSUS,  June  1,  1860. 
Population,       

3,204,313 

31,443,322 
26,973,843 
487,970 
27,461,813 
3,953,760 
,     4,447,730 

23,191,874 

^Vhite  Population,    

Free  Colored  Population,  .     .     .     .     , 
Free  Population, 

Slave  Population,           .  »  .               .     , 

Colored  Population,  . 

35 


538 


APPENDIX. 


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THE 


STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  GOVERNORS, 

SINCE  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION. 


MAINE. 

William  King,      .... 
Albion  K.  Parris,      .     .     . 
Enoch  Lincoln,     .... 
Jonathan  G.  Hunton,     .     . 
Samuel  E.  Smith,      .     .     . 
Eobert  P.  Dunlap,     .     .     . 
Edward  Kent 

FROM 

1820 
1822 
1827 
1829 
1831 
1834 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1843 
1844 
1847 
1850 
1853 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1862 
1863 

ugusta 

RE. 

1792 
1794 
1805 
1809 
1810 
1812 
1813 
1816 
1819 
1823 
1824 

TO 

1822 
1827 
1829 
1831 
1834 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1843 
1844 
1847 
1850 
1853 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1862 
1863 
1864 

1794 
1805 
1809 
1810 
1812 
1813 
1816 
1819 
1823 
1824 
1827 

Benjamin  Pierce,  .... 
John  Bell,    

FROM 

1827 
1828 
1830 
1831 
1831 
1834 
1836 
1839 
1842 
1844 
1846 
1847 
1849 
1852 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1862 
1863 

cord. 

1789 
1790 
1797 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1813 
1815 
1820 
1823 
1826 
1828 
1831 

TO 

1828 
1830 
1831 
1831 
1834 
1836 
1839 
1842 
1844 
1846 
1847 
1849 
1852 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1863 
1864 

1790 
1797 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1813 
1815 
1820 
1823 
1826 
1828 
1831 
1835 

Matthew  Harvey,      .     .     . 
James  M.  Harper,     .     .     . 
Samuel  Dinsmoor,     .     .     . 
William  Badger,  .... 
Isaac  Hill 

John  Page 

John  Fairfield,      .... 

Henry  Hubbard,  .... 
John  H.  Steele,     .... 
Anthony  Colby,    .... 
Jared  W.  Williams,  .     .     . 
Samuel  Dinsmoor,     .     .     . 
Nouh  Martin,        .... 

Edward  Kent 

John  Fairfield,      .... 

Edward  Kavanagh  (acting), 
Hugh  J.  Anderson,  .     .     . 
John  W.  Dana,     .... 
John  Hubbard,     .... 
William  G.  Crosby,  .     .     . 
Anson  P.  Morrill,     .     .     . 
Samuel  Wells,  

Nathaniel  B.  Baker,.     .     . 
Kalph  Metcalf,      .... 
"            " 
William  Haile,     .     .     .     . 
11            "    (re-elected), 
«            «            a 

Ichabod  Goodwin,     .     .     . 
Nathaniel  S.  Barry,  .     .     . 
Joseph  A.  Gilmore,  .     .     . 
Salary,  $1000. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seat  of  Government,  Con 

VEEMONT. 

Moses  Eobinson,   .... 
Thomas  Chittenden,  .     .     . 

Hannibal  Hamlin,     .     .     . 
Joseph  H.  Williams  .     . 
Lot  M.  Morrill,    .... 
"         "       (re-elected), 
Israel  Washburne,  Jr.,.     . 
Abner  Coburn,      .... 
Samuel  Cony                   . 

Salary,  $1500. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seat  of  Government,  A 

NEW  HAMPSHi: 

Josiah  Bartlett,     .... 
John  Taylor  Gilman,     .     . 
John  Langdon,     .... 
Jeremiah  Smith,  .... 

Isaac  Tichenor,     .... 
Jonas  Galusha,      .... 
Martin  Chittenden,  .     .     . 
Jonas  Galusha,      .... 
Eichard  Skinner,  .... 
C.  P.  Van  Ness,    .... 
Ezra  Butler,     

William  Plumer,  .... 
John  Taylor  Gilman,     .     . 
William  Plumer,  .... 
Samuel  Bell,     

Levi  Woodbury,  .... 
David  L.  Morrill,      .     .     . 

Samuel  C.  Crafts,  .... 
William  A.  Palmer,      .     . 

APPENDIX. 


541 


Silas  A.  Jenison,  .     .     . 
Charles  Paine 

FROM 

.  1835 
1841 

TO 

1841 
1843 
1844 
1846 
1849 
1850 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1856 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1863 
1864 

1794 

1797 
1799 
1800 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1812 
1816 
1823 
1825 
1825 
1834 
1836 
1836 
1840 
1841 
1843 
1844 
1851 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1858 
1860 
1864 

1805 
1806 
1807 
1811 
1817 
1821 

William  C.  Gibbs, 
William  Findlay,      .     . 
Lemuel  H.  Arnold,   .     . 
John  B.  Francis,  .     .     . 
William  Sprague,  .     .     . 
Samuel  W.  King,  .     .     . 
James  Fenner,       .     .     . 
Charles  Jackson,  .     .     . 
Byron  Diman,  .... 
Elisha  Harris,  .... 

FROM 
.     1821 

.  1824 
.  1831 
.  1833 
.  1838 
.  1840 
.  1842 
.  1844 
.  1846 
.  1847 

TO 

1824 
1831 
1832 
1838 
1840 
1842 
1844 
1845 
1847 
1849 
1851 
1853 
1854 
1857 
1859 
1860 
1863 
1864 

and 

1796 
1798 
1809 
1811 
1813 
1818 
1827 
1831 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1838 
1842 
1844 
1846 
1847 
1849 
1850 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1857 
1858 
1864 

and 

1795 

1801 
1804 
1807 
1816 

John  Mattocks,     .     .     . 
William  Slade,    .... 
Horace  Eaton 

.  1843 
.  1844 
1846 

Charles  Coolidge,  ....  1849 
Charles  K.  Williams,     .     .  1850 
Erastus  Fairbanks,    .     .     .  1852 
John  S.  Kobinson,     .     .     .  1853 
Stephen  Eoyce,     ....  1854 
Ryland  Fletcher,  ....  1856 
Hiland  Hall,     1858 
"         "     (re-elected),     .  1859 
Erastus  Fairbanks,    .     .     .  1860 
Frederick  Holbrook,      .     .  1861 
J.  Gregory  Smith,     .     .     .  1863 
Salary,  $1000. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seat  of  Government,  Montpelier 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

John  Hancock,      ....  1789 
Samuel  Adams,     ....  1794 
Increase  Sumner,  ....  1797 
Moses  Gill  (acting),  .     .     .  1799 
Caleb  Strong                            1  80O 

Henry  B.Anthony,    .     . 
Philip  Allen,     .... 

.  1849 
.  1851 

F.  M.  Dimon,  .... 
William  W.  Hoppin,     . 
Elisha  Dyer 

.  1853 
.  1854 
1  8K7 

Thomas  G.  Turner,  .     .     .  1859 
William  Sprague,      .     .     .  1860 
James  Y.  Smith,  ....  1863 
Salary,  $1000. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seats  of  Government,  Newport 
Providence. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Samuel  Huntington,  .     .     .  1785 
Oliver  Wolcott,     .     .     .     .1796 
Jonathan  Trumbull,  .     .     .1798 
John  Treadwell,    ....  1809 
Roger  Griswold,    ....  1811 
John  Cotton  Smith,  .     .     .  1813 
Oliver  Wolcott                         1«1» 

.  1807 

Levi  Lincoln  (acting),  . 
Christopher  Gore,      .     . 
Elbridge  Gerry,    .     .     . 

.  1808 
.  1809 
.  1810 

Caleb  Strong,   . 

1812 

John  Brooks,    .... 
William  Eustis,    .     .     . 
Marcus  Morton  (acting), 
Levi  Lincoln 

.  1816 
.  1823 
.  1825 
1825 

Gideon  Tomlinson,     .     . 
John  S.  Peters,     .     .     . 
Henry  W.  Edwards,      . 
Samuel  A.  Foote,  .     .     . 
Henry  W.  Edwards,  .     . 
William  W.  Ellsworth,  . 
Chauncey  F.  Cleveland, 
Roger  S.  Baldwin,     .     . 
Isaac  Toucey,    .... 

.  1827 
.  1831 
.  1833 
.  1834 
.  1835 
.  1838 
.  1842 
.  1844 
.  1846 

John  Davis,      .... 
S.  Y.  Armstrong  (acting), 
Edward  Everett,  .     .     . 
Marcus  Morton,    .     .     . 
John  Davis,      .... 

.  1834 
.  1836 
.  1836 
.  1840 
.  1841 

Marcus  Morton,    ....  1843 
George  N.  Briggs,     .     .     .  1844 
George  S.  Boutwell,  .     .     .  1851 
John  H.  Clifford,  ....  1853 
Emory  Washburn,    .     .     .  1854 
Henry  J.  Gardner,    .     .     .  1855 
Nathaniel  P.  Banks,      .     .  1858 
John  A.  Andrew,      .     .     .  1860 
Salary,  $3500. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seat  of  Government,  Boston. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Arthur  Fenner,     ....  1789 
Henry  Smith  (acting),  .     .  1805 
Isaac  Wilburn  (acting),      .1806 
James  Fenner,  ....        1807 

Clark  Bissell,    .... 

.   1847 

Joseph  Trumbull,  .     .     .     .  1849 
Thomas  H.  Seymour,     .     .  1850 
C.  H.  Pond  (acting),  .     .     .  1853 
Henry  Dutton,      ....  1854 
William  T.  Minor,    .     .     .  1855 
Alexander  H.  Holley,     .     .  1857 
William  A.  Buckingham,  .  1858 
Salary,  $1100. 
Term,  one  year. 
Seats   of  Government,  Hartford 
New  Haven,  alternately. 

NEW  YORK. 
George  Clinton,     ....  1789 
John  Jay,     1795 
George  Clinton,     ....  1801 
Morgan  Lewis,      ....   1804 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins,     .     .  1807 

William  Jones,     .     .     . 
Nehemiah  Knight,    .     . 

.  1811 
.  1817 

542 


APPENDIX. 


FROM 

TO 

FROM           TO 

John  Tayler,     .... 

1816 

1817 

David  R.  Porter,  .     . 

1839     1845 

De  Witt  Clinton,  .... 

1817 

1822 

Francis  R.  Shunk,     . 

.     .  1845     1848 

Joseph  C.  Yates,  .... 

1822 

1824 

William  F.  Johnston, 

.     .  1848     1852 

"De  Witt  Clinton,  .... 

1824 

1827 

William  Bigler,    .     . 

1852     1855 

Nathaniel  Pitcher,     .     .     . 

1827 

1828 

James  Pollock,      .     . 

.     .  1855     1858 

Martin  Van  Buren,  .     .     . 

1828 

1830 

William  F.  Packer,  . 

.     .  1858     1861 

Enos  T.  Throop,    .... 

1830 

1832 

Andrew  G.  Curtin,  . 

.     .  1861     1867 

William  L.  Marcy,   .     .     . 

1832 

1838 

Salary,  $3000. 

William   H.  Seward,    .     . 

1838 

1842 

Term,  three  years. 

William  C.  Bouck,    .     .     . 

1842 

1844 

Seat  of  Government, 

Harrisburg. 

Silas  Wright,    

1844 

1846 

John  Young,    

1846 

1848 

DELAWARE. 

Hamilton  Fish,      .... 
Washington  Hunt,     .     .     . 
Horatio  Seymour  

1848 
1850 
1852 

1850 
1852 
1854 

Joshua  Clayton,    .     . 
Gunning  Bedford, 
Daniel  Rogers,  .     .     . 

.     .  1789     1796 
.     .  1796     1797 
.     .  1797     1798 

Myron  H.  Clark,  .... 

1854 

1856 

Richard  Bassett,    .     , 

.     .  1798     1801 

John  A.  King,  
Edwin  D.  Morgan,    .     .     . 

1856 
1858 

1858 
1862 

James  Sykes  (acting), 
David  Hall,  .     .     .     . 

.     .  1801     1802 
.     .  1802     1805 

Horatio  Seymour,      .     .     . 

1862 

1864 

Nathaniel  Mitchell,  . 

.     .  1805     1808 

Salary,  $4000. 

George  Truett,  .     .     . 

.     .  1808     1811 

Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Albany. 

Joseph  Haslett,     .     . 
Daniel  Rodney,     . 

.     .  1811     1814 
.     .  1814     1817 

John  Clarke,     .     .     . 

.     .  1817     1820 

NEW  JEKSEY 

Jacob  Stout  (acting), 

.     .  1820     1821 

William  Livingston,      .     . 

1789 

1794 

John  Collins.     .     .     . 

.     .  1821     1822 

William  Paterson,     .     .     . 

1794 

1794 

Caleb  Rodney  (acting), 

.     .  1822     1823 

Richard  Ho  well,   .... 

1794 

1801 

Joseph  Haslett,      .     . 

.     .  1823     1824 

Joseph  Bloomfield,    .     .     . 

1801 

1812 

Samuel  Paynter,  .     . 

.     .  1824     1827 

Aaron  Ogden,  

1812 

1813 

George  Poindexter,   . 

.     .  1827     1830 

William  S.  Pennington,     . 

1813 

1815 

David  Hazzard,     .     . 

.     .  1830     1833 

Mahlon  Dickerson,    .     .     . 

1815 

1817 

Caleb  P.  Bennett,  .     . 

.     .  1833     1837 

Isaac  H.  Williamson,     .     . 

1817 

1829 

Cornelius  P.  Comegys, 

.     .  1837     1840 

Peter  D.  Vroom,  .... 

1829 

1832 

William  B.  Cooper,  . 

.     .  1840     1844 

Samuel  L.  Southard,  .     .     . 

1832 

1833 

Thomas  Stockton,  .     . 

.     .1844     1846 

Elias  P.  Seely,  

1833 

1833 

Joseph  Maul  (acting), 

.     .  1846     1846 

Peter  D.  Vroom,  .... 

1833 

1836 

William  Temple,  .     . 

.     .  1846     1846 

Philemon  Dickerson,      .     . 

1836 

1837 

William  Thorp,     .     . 

.     .  1846     1851 

William  Pennington,     .     . 

1837 

1843 

William  H.  Ross,  .     . 

.     .  1851     1855 

Daniel  Haines,      .... 

1843 

1844 

Peter  F.  Causey,  . 

.     .  1855     1859 

Charles  C.  Stratton,  .     .     . 

1844 

1848 

William  Burton,  .     . 

.     .  1859     1863 

Daniel  Haines,       .... 

1848 

1851 

William  Cannon,  .     . 

.     .  1863     1867 

George  F.  Fort,     .... 

1851 

1854 

Salary,  $1333£. 

Rodman  M.  Price,     .     .     . 

1854 

1857 

Term,  four  years. 

William  A.  Newell,  .     .     . 

1857 

1860 

Seat  of  Government, 

Dover. 

Charles  S.  Olden,  .... 

1860 

1863 

Joel  Parker,      

1863 

1866 

MARYLAND. 

Salary,  $1800  and  fees. 
Term,  three  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Trenton. 

John  Eager  Howard, 
George  Plater 

.     .  1788     1792 
1792     1792 

Thomas  Sim  Lee,  .     . 

.     .  1792     1794 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

John  H.  Stone,  .     .     . 
John  Henry,     .     .     . 

.     .  1794     1797 
.     .  1797     1798 

Thomas  Mifflin,     .... 

1790 

1799 

Benjamin  Ogle,     .     . 

.     .  1798     1801 

Thomas  McKean,  .... 

1799 

1808 

John  F.  Mercer,   .     . 

.     .  1801     1803 

Simon  Snyder 

1808 

1817 

Robert  Bowie,  .     .     . 

1803     1805 

William  Findley,      .     .     . 

1817 

1820 

Robert  Wright,     .     . 

.     .   1805     1809 

Joseph  Heister,      .... 

1820 

1823 

Edward  Lloyd,      .     . 

.     .   1809     1811 

John  Andrew  Shulze 

1823 

1829 

Robert  Bowie 

1811     1812 

George  Wolf,    

1829 

1835 

Levin  Winder,      .     . 

.     .   1812     1815 

Joseph  Ritner,  . 

1835 

1839 

C.  Riderelv.  . 

1815     1818 

APPENDIX. 


543 


C.  W.  Goldsborough,  .  . 
Samuel  Sprigg,  .... 
Samuel  Stevens,  .... 
Joseph  Kent 

FROM          TO         ' 

1818     1819 
1819     1822 
1822     1826 
1826     1829 
1829     1830 
1830     1831 
1831     1831 
1831     1832 
1832     1833 
1833     1836 
1836     1838 
1838     1841 
1841     1844 
1844     1848 
1848     1851 
1851     1854 
1854     1858 
1858     1862 
1862     1866 

shed  house, 
apolis. 

1788     1791 
1791     1794 
1794     1796 
1796     1799 
1799     1802 
1802     1805 
1805     1808 
1808     1811 
1811     1811 
1811     1812 
1812     1814 
1814     1816 
1816     1819 
1819     1822 
1822     1825 
1825     1827 
1827     1830 
1830     1834 
1834     1836 
1836     1837 
1837     1840 
1840     1841 
1841     1842 
1842     1843 
1843     1846 
1846     1849 
1849     1852 
1852     1856 
1856     1860 
1860     1863 

imond. 

NOETH  CAEOLINA. 

FROM          TO 

Alexander  Martin,    .     .     .  1789     1792 
Eichard  D.  Spaight,  .     .     .  1792     1795 

Snmnpl    Ashf                                       1  7Q£      1  7Q» 

Daniel  Martin,  .... 
T  K  Carroll  .... 

William  E.  Davie,     . 
Benjamin  Williams,  .. 
James  Turner,  .     .     . 
Nathaniel  Alexander, 
Benjamin  Williams,. 

.     .  1798     1799 
.     .1799     1802 
.     .  1802     1805 
.     .  1805     1807 
.     .  1807     1808 
.     .  1808     1810 

Daniel  Martin,  .... 
George  Howard  (acting),  . 

u                a 

James  Thomas,  .... 
Thomas  "W.  Veasay,  .  .  . 
William  Grayson,  .  .  . 
Francis  Thomas,  .... 
Thomas  G.  Pratt,  .... 
Philip  F.  Thomas,  .  .  . 
Enoch  L.  Lowe,  .... 
Thomas  W.  Ligon,  .  .  . 
Thomas  H.  Hicks,  .  .  . 
Augustus  W.  Bradford, 

Salary,  $3600,  with  a  furni 
Term,  four  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Ann 

VIEGINIA. 

Beverly  Eandolph,  .  .  . 
Henry  Lee,  
Kobert  Brooke,  .... 
James  Wood,  
James  Monroe,  .... 
John  Page 

Benjamin  Smith,  .     . 
William  Hawkins,     . 
William  Miller,    .     . 
John  Branch, 

.     .  1810     1811 
.     .  1811     1814 
.     .  1814     1817 
.  1817     1820 

Jesse  Franklin,     ....  1820     1821 
Gabriel  Holmes,    ....  1821     1824 
Hutchins  G.  Burton,      .     .1824     1827 
James  Iredell,  1827     1828 
John  Owen,      1828     1830 
Montfort  Stokes,  ....  1830     1832 
David  L.  Swain,    ....  1832     1835 
Eichard  D.  Spaight,  .     .     .  1835     1837 
Edward  B.  Dudley,  .     .     .  1837     1841 
John  M.  Morehead,  .     .     .  1841     1845 
William  A.  Graham,     .     .  1845     1849 
Charles  Manly,      ....  1849     1851 
David  S.  Eeid,      ....  1851     1855 
Thomas  Bragg,     ....  1855     1859 
John  W.  Ellis,      ....  1859     1861 
John  B.  Yance,     ....  1861     1863 
Salary,  $3000,  with  a  furnished  house. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Ealeigh. 

SOUTH  CAEOLINA. 

Charles  Pinckney,     .     .     .  1789     1792 
Arnoldus  Vanderhorst,  .     .  1792     1794 
William  Moultrie,     .     .     .  1794     1796 
Charles  Pinckney,     .     .     .1796     1798 
Edward  Eutledge,     .     .     .  1798     1800 
John  Drayton  (acting),      .  1800     1800 
"             «        1800     1802 
James  B.  Eichardson,    .     .  1802     1804 
Paul  Hamilton,     ....  1804     1806 
Charles  Pinckney,     .     .     .  1806     1808 
John  Drayton,       ....  1808     1810 
Henry  Middleton,      .     .     .  1810     1812 
Joseph  Alston,      ....  1812     1814 
David  E.  Williams,  .     .     .  1814     1816 
Andrew  Pickens,  ....  1816     1818 
John  Geddes,    1818     1820 

William  H.  Cabell,  .  .  . 
John  Tyler,  
James  Monroe,  .... 
George  W.  Smith,  .  .  . 
James  Barbour,  .... 
Wilson  C.  Nicholas,  .  .  . 
James  P.  Preston,  .  .  . 
Thomas  M.  Kandolph,  .  . 
James  Pleasants,  .... 
John  Tyler 

William  B.  Giles,  .  .  . 
John  Floyd,  
Littleton  W.  Tazewell,  .  . 
Wyndham  Eobertson(at'g), 
David  Campbell,  .  .  .  . 
Thomas  W.  Gilmer,  .  .  . 
John  Rutherford,  .  .  .  . 
John  M.  Gregory,  .  .  . 
James  McDowell,  .  .  . 
William  Smith,  .  .  .  . 
John  B.  Floyd,  .  .  .  . 
Joseph  Johnson,  .  .  .  . 
Henry  A.  Wise,  .  .  .  . 

Thomas  Bennet,    .     . 
John  L.  Wilson,  .     . 
Eichard  I.  Manning, 
John  Taylor^     .     .     . 

.     .  1820     1822 
.     .  1822     1824 
.     .  1824     1826 
.     .  1826     1828 

Salary,  $5000. 
Term,  three  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Eic 

Stephen  D.  Miller,    . 
James  Hamilton,  .     . 
Eobert  Y.  Hayne, 
George  McDume,  .     . 

.     .  1828     1830 
.     .  1830     1832 
.     .  1832     1834 
.     .  1834     1836 

544 


APPENDIX. 


FROM          TO 

Pierce  M.  Butler,      .     .     .  1836     1838 
Patrick  Noble,      ....  1838     1840 

STATE. 

FROM          TO 

William  D.  Moseley,     .     .  1845     1849 
Thomas  Brown,     ....  1849     1853 
James  E.  Broome,      .     .     .  1853     1857 
Madison  S.  Perry,      .     .     .  1857     1861 
John  Milton                              1861     1864 

B.  K.  Hennegan  (acting),  .  1840     1840 
J.  P.  Kichardson,      .     .     .  1840     1842 
James  H.  Hammond,     .     .  1842     1844 
William  Aiken,    ....  1844     1846 
David  Johnson,     ....  1846     1848 
W.  B.  Seabrook,  ....  1848     1850 
John  H.  Means,    ....  1850     1852 

Salary,  $1500. 
Term,  four  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Tallahassee. 

ALABAMA. 

William  W.  Bibb,     .     .     .  1819     1820 
Thomas  Bibb,  .          ...  1820     1821 

John  L.  Manning,     .     .     .  1852     1854 
James  H.  Adams,      .     .     .  1854     1856 
K.  F.  W.  Alston,  ....  1856     1858 
William  H.  Gist,  ....  1858     1860 
Francis  W.  Pickens,      .     .  1860     1862 

Salary,  $3500. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Columbia. 

GEORGIA. 

George  Walton,    ....  1789     1790 
Edward  Telfair,    .     .     .     .1790     1793 
George  Matthews,      .     .     .  1793     1796 
Jared  Irwin,     1796     1798 

Israel  Pickens,      .     .     .        1821     1825 

John  Murphy,  1825     1829 
Gabriel  Moore,      ....  1829     1831 
John  Gayle,      1831     1835 
Clement  C.  Clay,  ....  1835     1837 
Arthur  P.  Bagby,      .     .     .  1837     1841 
Benjamin  Fitzpatrick,  .     .  1841     1845 
Joshua  L.  Martin,     .     .     .  1845     1847 
Reuben  Chapman,     .     .     .  1847     1849 
Henry  W.  Collier,     .     .     .  1849     1853 
John  A.  Winston,     .     .     .  1853     1857 
Andrew  B.  Moore,     .     .     .  1857     1861 
Re-elected,    1861     1863 
Salary,  $2500. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Montgomery. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

TERRITORY. 

Winthrop  Sargent,    .     .     .1798     1802 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne,  .     .     .  1802     1805 
Robert  Williams,  .     .     .     .  1805     1809 
David  Holmes,      ....  1809     1817 

STATE. 

David  Holmes,  1817     1819 

James  Jackson,     ....  1798     1801 
David  Emanuel  (acting),   .  1801     1801 
Josiah  Tatnall,      ....  1801     1802 
John  Milledge,      .     .     .     .1802     1806 
Jared  Irwin,     1806     1809 
David  B.  Mitchell,     .     .     .  1809     1813 
Peter  Early,      1813     1815 

David  B.  Mitchell,    .     .     .  1815     1817 
William  Rabun,    ....  1817     1819 
Matthew  Talbot  (acting),  .  1819     1819 
John  Clarke      1819     1823 

George  M.  Troup,      .     .     .  1823     1827 
John  Forsyth,  1827     1829 

George  R.  Gilmer,     .     .     .  1829     1831 
Wilson  Lumpkin,      .     .     .  1831     1835 
William  Schley,    ....  1835     1837 
George  R.  Gilmer,     .     .     .  1837     1839 
Charles  J.  McDonald,    .     .  1839     1843 
George  W.  Crawford,    .     .  1843     1847 
George  W.  B.  Towns,    .     .  1847     1851 
Howell  Cobb                            1851     1853 

George  Poindexter,  .     .     .  1819     1821 
Walter  Leake,  1821     1825 

David  Holmes,  1825     1827 
Gerard  C.  Brandon,  .     .     .  1827     1831 
Abraham  M.  Scott,    .     .     .  1831     1833 
Hiram  G.  Runnels,    .     .     .  1833     1835 
Charles  Lynch,      ....  1835     1837 
Alexander  G.  McNutt,  .     .  1837     1841 
Tilghman  M.  Tucker,    .     .  1841     1843 
Albert  G.  Brown,      .     .     .  1843     1848 
Joseph  W.  Mathews,     .     .  1848     1850 
John  A.  Quitman,     .     .     .  1850     1851 
John  J.  Guion  (acting),     .  1851     1851 
James  Whitfield,  ....  1851     1852 
Henry  S.  Foote,    ....  1852     1854 
John  J.  MacRae,  ....  1854     1858 
William  McWillie,  .     .     .  1858     1860 
John  J.  Pettus,     ....  1860     1862 
Salary,  $4000. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Jackson. 

Herschel  V.  Johnson,    .     .  1853     1857 
Joseph  E.  Brown,      .     .     .  1857     1861 
Salary,  $3000. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Milledgeville. 

FLORIDA. 

TERRITORY. 

William  P.  Duvall,  .     .     .  1822     1834 
John  H.  Eaton,     ....  1834     1836 
Richard  K.  Call,  ....  1836     1844 
John  Branch.                        .  1844     1845 

APPENDIX. 


545 


LOUISIANA. 

TERRITORY    OF    ORLEANS. 

FROM          TO 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  .  1804  1812 

STATE. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  .  1812  1816 

James  Villare, 1816  1820 

Thomas  B.  Eobertson,  .  .  1820  1822 

H.  S.  Thibodeaux  (acting),  1822  1824 

Henry  Johnson,  ....  1824  1828 

Peter"  Derbigny,  ....  1828  1829 

A.  Bauvais  (acting), .  .  .  1829  1830 

Jacques  Dupre  (acting),  .  1830  1830 

Andre  B.  Roman,  .  .  .  1830  1834 

Edward  D.  White,  .  .  .  1834  1838 

Andre  B.  Roman,  .  .  .  1838  1841 

Alexander  Warton,  .  .  .  1841  1845 

Isaac  Johnson,  ....  1845  1850 

Joseph  Walker,  ....  1850  1854 

Paul  O.  Hebert,  ....  1854  1858 

R.  C.  Wickliffe,  ....  1858  

Thomas  0.  Moore,  .  .  .  1862 

Salary,  $4000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Baton  Rouge. 

TEXAS. 

J.  Pinckney  Henderson,  .  1846  1847 

George  T.  Wood, ....  1847  1849 

P.  H.  Bell, 1849  1853 

Edward  M.  Pease,  .  .  .  1853  1857 

H.  G.  Runnels,  ....  1857  1859 

Sam  Houston, 1859  1861 

F.  R.  Lubbeck,  ....  1861  1863 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Austin. 

ARKANSAS. 

TERRITORY. 

James  Miller, 1819  1825 

George  Izard, 1825  1829 

John  Pope, 1829  1835 

William  S.  Fulton,   .     .     .  1835  1836 


James  S.  Conway,  .  .  .  1836  1840 

Archibald  Yell,  ....  1840  1844 

Samuel  Adams  (acting),  .  1844  1844 

Thomas  S.  Drew,  ....  1844  1848 

John  S.  Roane,  ....  1848  1852 

Elias  N.  Conway,  .  .  .  1852  1860 

Henry  M.  Rector,  .  .  .  1860  1864 

Salary,  $1800. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Little  Rock. 


TENNESSEE. 

FROM 

John  Sevier, 1796 

Archibald  Roane,      .     .     .  1801 

John  Sevier, 1803 

Willie  Blount,       ....  1809 

Joseph  McMin,     ....  1815 

William  Carroll,  ....  1821 

Samuel  Houston,  ....  1827 

William  Carroll,  ....  1829 

Newton  Cannon,  ....  1835 

James  K.  Polk,     ....  1839 

James  C.  Jones,  .  1841 


TO 

1801 
1803 
1809 
1815 
1821 
1827 
1829 
1835 
1839 
1841 
1845 
1847 
1849 
1851 
1853 
1857 
1861 


Aaron  V.  Brown, ....  1845 
Neil  S.  Brown,  ....  1847 
William  Trousdale,  .  .  .  1849 
William  B.  Campbell,  .  .  1851 
Andrew  Johnson,  .  .  .  1853 
Isham  G.  Harris,  ....  1857 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Nashville. 

KENTUCKY. 

Isaac  Shelby, 1792  1796 

James  Garrard,  ....  1796  1804 

Christopher  Greenup,  .  .  1804  1808 

Charles  Scott, 1808  1812 

Isaac  Shelby, 1812  1816 

George  Madison,  ....  1816  1816 

G.  Slaughter  (acting),  .  .  1816  1820 

JohnAdair, 1820  1824 

Joseph  Desha, 1824  1828 

Thomas  Metcalfe, .  .  .  .  1828  1832 

John  Breathitt,  ....  1832  1834 

J.  T.  Morehead  (acting),  .  1834  1836 

James  Clark, 1836  1837 

C.  A.  Wickliffe  (acting),  .  1839  1840 

Robert  P.  Letcher,  .  .  .  1840  1844 

William  Owsley,  ....  1844  1848 

John  J.  Crittenden,  .  .  .  1848  1850 

John  L.  Helm  (acting),  .  1850  1851 

Lazarus  W.  Powell, .  .  .  1851  1855 

Charles  S.  Morehead,  .  .  1855  1859 

Beriah  Magoffin,  ....  1859  1861 

J.  F.  Robinson,  ....  1861  1863 

Thomas  E.  Bramlette,  .  .  1863  1867 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Frankfort. 

OHIO. 

TERRITORY. 

Arthur  St.  Glair,  .     .     .     .1788     1803 

STATE. 

Edward  Tiffin, 1803     1808 

Thomas  Kirker  (acting),    .  1808     1808 
Samuel  Huntington, .     .     .  1808     1810 


546 


APPENDIX. 


FROM  TO 

Keturn  J.  Meigs,  .  .  .  .3810  1814 

Othneil  Looker  (acting),  .  1814  1814 

Thomas  Worthington,  .  .  1814  1818 

Ethan  Allen  Brown,  .  .  .  1818  1822 

Allen  Trimble  (acting),  .  1822  1822 

Jeremiah  Morrow,  .  .  .  1822  1826 

Allen  Trimble,  ....  1826  1830 

Duncan  McArthur,  .  .  .  1830  1832 

Kobert  Lucas, 1832  1836 

Joseph  Vance, 1836  1838 

Wilson  Shannon,  ....  1838  1840 

Thomas  Corwin,  ....  1840  1842 

Wilson  Shannon,  ....  1842  1844 

Thomas  W.  Bartley  (acting),  1844  1844 

Mordecai  Bartley,  .  .  .  1844  1846 

William  Bebb,  .  .  .  .1846  1848 

Seabury  Ford, 1848  1850 

Reuben  Wood, 1850  1854 

William  Medill,  ....  1854  1856 

Salmon  P.  Chase,  ....  1856  1860 

William  Dennison,  Jr.,  .  .1860  1862 

David  Todd, 1862  1864 

John  Brough, 1864  1866 

Salary,  $1800. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Columbus. 


MICHIGAN. 

TERRITORY. 

William  Hull, 1805  1814 

Lewis  Cass, 1814  1831 

George  B.  Porter,      .     .     .  1831  1834 

Stevens  T.  Mason  (acting),    1834  1835 

J.  S.  Homer  (acting),    .     .  1835  1836 

STATE. 

Stephens  T.  Mason,  .  .  .  1836  1840 

William  Woodbridge,  .  .  1840  1841 

J.  W.  Gordon  (acting)  ,  .  1841  1842 

John  S.  Barry,  ....  1842  1846 

Alpheus  Felch,  ....  1846  1847 

W.  L.  Greenley  (acting),  .  1847  1848 

Epaphroditus  Kansom,  .  .  1848  1850 

JohnS.  Barry, 1850  1853 

Kobert  McClelland,  .     .     .  1853  1853 

A.  Parsons  (acting),       .     .  1853  1855 

Kinsley  S.  Bingham,      .     .  1855  1857 

«    '  "  .     .  1857  1859 

Moses  Wisner, 1859  1861 

Austin  Blair, 1861  1863 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Lansing. 


INDIANA. 


Jonathan  Jennings,  . 

William  Hendricks,  . 

James  Brown  Ray,    . 

Noah  Noble,     .     .     . 

David  Wallace,     .     . 

Samuel  Bigger,      .     . 

James  Whitcomb, 

Paris  C.  Dunning,*  . 

Joseph  A.  Wright,     . 

Ashbel  P.  Willard,   . 

Henry  L.  Lane,     ....  1861     1861 

O.  P.  Morton, 1861     1865 

Salary,  $1500,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Indianapolis. 


FROM  TO 

1816  1822 

1822  1825 

1825  1831 

1831  1837 

1837  1840 

1840  1843 

1843  1848 

1848  1849 

1849  1857 
1857  Died 


ILLINOIS. 

TERRITORY. 

Ninian  Edwards,  ....  1809 


1818 


STATE. 


1818 
1822 
1826 
1830 
1834 
1838 
1842 
1846 
1853 
1857 
1860 


1822 
1826 
1830 
1834 
1838 
1842 
1846 
1853 
1857 
1860 
1865 


Shadrach  Bond,  .  . 
Edward  Coles,  .  .  . 
Ninian  Edwards,  .  . 
John  Reynolds,  .  . 
Joseph  Duncan,  .  . 
Thomas  Carlin,  .  . 
Thomas  Ford,  .  .  . 
Augustus  C.  French, 
Joel  A.  Matteson, 
William  H.  Bissell,  . 
Richard  Yates, .  .  . 

Salary,  $1500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Springfield. 

MISSOURI. 

Alexander  McNair,  .     .     .  1820  1824 

Frederick  Bates,  ....  1824  1826 

John  Miller, 1826  1832 

Daniel  Dunklin,    ....  1832  1836 

L.  W.  Boggs, 1836  1840 

Thomas  Reynolds,     .     .     .  1840  1844 

John  C.  Edwards,      .     .     .  1844  1848 

Austin  A.  King,    ....  1848  1853 

Sterling  Price, 1853  1857 

Trusten  Polk, 1857  1857 

Hancock  Jackson  (acting),    1857  1857 

R.  M.  Stewart, 1857  1861 

ClaiborneF.  Jackson,     .     .1861 

H.  R.  Gamble,       ....  1861  1864 

Salary,  $2500,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Jefferson  City. 


*  During  the  unexpired  term  of  Governor  Whitcomb,  elected  in  1848  to  the  United  States 
Senate. 


APPENDIX. 


547 


IOWA. 

FROM  TO 

Ansel  Briggs, 1846  1850 

Stephen  Hempstead,  .  .  .  1850  1854 

James  W.  Grimes,  .  .  .  1854  1858 

Kalph  P.  Lowe,  ....  1858  1860 

S.  J.  Kirkwood,  ....  1860  1862 

Win.  M.  Stone,  ....  1862  1864 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  DesMoines  City. 

WISCONSIN. 

TERRITORY. 

Henry  Dodge, 1836  1841 

James  D.  Doty,     ....  1841  1844 

Nathaniel  P.  Tallmadge,    .  1844  1845 

Henry  Dodge, 1845  1848 


Nelson  Dewey,  ....  1848  1851 

Leonard  J.  Farwell,  .  .  .  1851  1853 

William  A.  Barstow,  .  .  1853  1855 

Coles  Bashford,  ....  1855  1857 

Alexander  W.  Kandall,  .  1857  1861 

Edward  Solomon,  .  .  .  1861  1863 

James  T.  Lewis,  ....  1863  1865 

Salary,  $2000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Madison. 

CALIFOENIA. 

Peter  H.  Burnett,  .  .  .  1849  1851 

John  McDougall  (acting),.  1851  1852 

John  Bigler 1852  1856 

J.  Neely  Johnson,  .  .  .1856  1858 

John  B.  Weller,  ....  1858  1860 

M.  S.  Latham, 1860  1862 

John  G.  Downey,  ....  1860  1862 

Leland  Stanford,  ....  1861  1863 

Frederick  F.  Low,  .  .  .  1863  1865 

Salary,  $6000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Sacramento. 

MINNESOTA. 


TERRITORY. 


Alexander  Eamsey, 
Willis  A.  Gorman, 
Samuel  Medary,  . 


.  1849  1853 
.  1853  1857 
.  1857  1858 


Henry  H.  Sibley,  ....  1858  1860 
Alexander  Kamsey,  .  .  .  1860  1862 
Stephen  Miller,  ....  1863  1865 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  St.  Paul. 


OKEGON. 


TERRITORY. 


James  Shields, 
Joseph  Lane,  . 
John  P.  Gaines,    . 
Joseph  Lane,    .     . 
John  W.  Davis,    , 
George  L.  Curry, 


Aug.  14,  1848. 
Aug.  18,  1848. 
Sept.  9,  1850. 
March  16,  1853. 
Sept.  6,  1853. 
Oct.  24,  1854. 


STATE. 

John  Whittaker,  .     .  from  1859  to  1862 
A.  C.  Gibbs,     .     .     .  1862       1866 

Salary,  $1500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Salem. 


KANSAS. 


TERRITORY. 


A.  H.  Keeder,  .  . 
John  L.  Dawson,  . 
Wilson  Shannon,  . 
John  W.  Geary,  . 
K.  J.  Walker,  .  . 
J.  W.  Denver,  .  . 
Samuel  Medary,  . 


June  29,  1854. 

July  28,  1855. 

Aug.  10,  1855. 

July  30,  1856. 
March  30,  1857. 

Feb.  24,  1858. 

Dec.  1,  1858. 


STATE. 

Charles  Kobinson, .  .  Jan.  30,  1861. 
Thomas  Carney,  .  from  1861  to  1865. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

WEST  YIKGINIA. 

Arthur  I.  Boreman,    from  1861  to  1865 
Salary,  $2000. 
Term,  two  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Wheeling. 

TEEEITOEY  OF  NEW  MEXICO. 

James  S.  Calhoun,  .  Jan.  9,  1851. 
William  Carr  Lane,  .  July  15,  1852. 
Solon  Borland,  .  .  April  18,  1853. 
David  Merriwether,  .  May  6,  1853. 
Abraham  Eencher,  .  Aug.  17,  1857. 
Henry  Connelly, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Santa  F6. 

TEERITOEY  OF  UTAH. 

Brigham  Young,  .  .  Sept.  28,  1850. 
Edward  J.  Steptoe,  .  Dec.  21,  1854. 
Alfred  Cummings,  .  July  11,  1857. 
S.  S.  Hastings, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Salt  Lake  City. 


548 


APPENDIX. 


WASHINGTON  TEKKITOKY. 

Isaac  I.  Stevens,  .  .  March  17,  1853. 
J.  Patton  Anderson,  March  15,  1857. 
Fayette  McMullen,  .  May  15,  1857. 
Eichard  D.  Gholson,  ....  1861. 
William  Pinkney, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Olympia. 


NEBEASKA  TEEEITOEY. 

William  O.  Butler,  .  June  29,  1854. 
Francis  Burt,  .  .  .  Aug.  2,  1854. 
Mark  W.  Izard,  .  .  Dec.  20,  1854. 
Wm.  A.  Eichardson,  May  30,  1857. 

Samuel  W.  Black, 1861. 

Oliver  Landers, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Omaha  City. 


TEEEITOEY  OF  COLOEADO. 

John  Evans, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Denver  City. 


TEEEITOEY  OF  DAKOTA. 

William  Jayne, 1861. 

Newton  Edwards, 1863. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Yancton. 

TEEEITOEY  OF  NEVADA. 

James  W.  Nye, 1861. 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Carson  City. 

TEEEITOEY  OF  AEIZONA. 

John  N.  Goodwin, 1863. 

Salary,  $2500. 
Term,  four  years. 

TEEEITORY  OF  IDAHO. 

William  H.  Wallace,     ....  1863. 
Caleb  Lyon,  of  Lyonsdale,.     .     .   1864. 

Salary  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

TEEEITOEY  OF  MONTANA. 

Sidney  Edgerton, 1864. 

Salary,  $2500. 
Term,  four  years. 


APPENDIX.  549 


RIGHT  OF  SUFFRAGE  IN  EACH  STATE. 


MAINE. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  nearly  universal,  being  granted  to  all  male  citizens  of 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  upwards,  who  have  resided  in  the  State  for  three 
months  next  preceding  the  election.  Paupers,  persons  under  guardianship,  and 
Indians  not  taxed,  are  excepted. 

NEW  HAMPSHIKE. 

Eight  of  suffrage  granted  to  all  males  of  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  upwards, 
excepting  paupers,  and  persons  excused  from  paying  taxes  at  their  special  request. 

VEEMONT. 

Eight  of  suffrage  extends  to  all  males  of  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  upwards, 
who  have  resided  one  year  in  the  State  next  preceding  the  election,  and  are  of  a 
quiet  and  peaceable  behavior. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Eight  of  suffrage  extends  to  all  males  of  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  upwards 
(paupers  and  persons  under  guardianship  excepted),  who  have  resided  within  the 
Commonwealth  one  year,  and  within  the  town  or  district  in  which  they  may  claim 
a  right  to  vote,  six  months  next  preceding  any  election,  and  who  have  paid  a 
State  or  county  tax  assessed  upon  them  within  two  years  next  preceding  such 
election,  and  also  to  every  citizen  who  may  be  by  law  exempted  from  taxation, 
and  who  may  be,  in  all  other  respects,  qualified  as  above  mentioned. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Must  be  of  age,  have  gained  a  settlement  in  the  State  six  months,  done  military 
duty,  paid  a  State  tax,  and  taken  the  prescribed  oaths. 

EHODE  ISLAND. 

Three  months'  residence,  and  own  a  freehold  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-four 
dollars.  Must  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one. 

NEW  YOEK. 

Eight  of  suffrage  extends  to  all  males  of  twenty-one  years  of  age,  inhabitants  of 
the  State  for  the  last  year,  and  residents  of  the  county  for  the  last  six  months.  A 
colored  man  must  have  resided  in  the  State  three  years,  and  hold  a  freehold  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  free  of  all  incumbrance. 

NEW  JEESEY. 

The  language  of  the  Constitution  on  this  point  is,  that  all  persons  of  full  age 
shall  have  a  right  to  vote,  who  are  worth  fifty  pounds,  proclamation  money,  clear 
estate  in  the  same,  and  have  resided  in  the  county  in  which  they  claim  to  vote, 
for  twelve  months  immediately  preceding  the  election.  By  a  special  act  of  the 
Legislature,  every  white  male  inhabitant  of  lawful  age,  and  who  has  paid  a  tax,  is 
considered  worth  fifty  pounds,  and  therefore  entitled  to  vote. 


550  APPENDIX. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

A  citizen  of  the  State  two  years,  and  paid  a  State  and  county  tax.  Persons 
qualified,  between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  two,  may  vote,  although  they  have 
paid  no  taxes. 

DELAWARE. 

The  right  of  suffrage  the  same  as  in  Pennsylvania. 

MAKYLAND. 

Must  be  of  age,  one  year  in  the  State,  and  six  months  in  the  county,  preceding 
the  election  at  which  he  offers  to  vote. 

VIRGINIA. 

Eight  of  suffrage  extends  to  every  white  male  citizen  of  the  Commonwealth,  of 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  or  who  has  a  joint  interest  to  the  amount  of  twenty- 
five  dollars,  and  having  been  a  housekeeper  one  year,  and  been  assessed  with  a 
part  of  the  revenue  of  the  Commonwealth,  within  the  preceding  year,  and  actually 
paid  the  same. 

NOKTH  CAKOLINA. 

A  citizen  of  the  State  one  year,  who  has  paid  taxes,  may  vote  for  members  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  but  must  own  fifty  acres  of  land  to  vote  for  Senators. 

SOUTH  CAKOLINA. 

Right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  free  white  male  citizen,  of  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  resident  two  years,  a  freeholder  of  fifty  acres  of  land,  or  has 
paid  a  tax  the  preceding  year,  of  three  shillings  sterling,  towards  the  support  of 
Government. 

GEORGIA. 

The  right  of  suffrage  extends  to  all  citizens  who  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  and  six  months'  residence  in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote,  and 
must  have  paid  all  taxes  imposed  on  him. 

ALABAMA. 

A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  one  year  in  the  State,  and  three  months'  residence 
in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  residence  in  this  State  one  year,  and  in  the 
county  six  months,  and  having  done  military  duty  or  paid  taxes. 

LOUISIANA. 

Residence  in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote  one  year,  and  having  paid  taxes 
within  the  last  six  months. 

TENNESSEE. 

A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  six  months'  residence  in  the  county  where 
he  offers  his  vote. 

KENTUCKY. 

The  right  of  suffrage  extends  to  every  free  male  white  citizen  of  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  who  has  resided  in  the  State  two  years,  or  in  the  county  where 
he  votes,  one  year  next  preceding. 


APPENDIX.  551 


OHIO. 

Right  of  suffrage  extends  to  white  male  inhabitants,  above  twenty-one  years, 
who  have  resided  in  the  State  one  year  immediately  preceding  the  election,  and 
who  have  paid  a  State  or  county  tax. 

INDIANA. 

Eight  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  all  male  citizens  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years 
and  upwards,  who  have  resided  in  the  State  a  year  immediately  preceding  an 
election. 

ILLINOIS. 

Residence  in  the  State  six  months,  but  can  only  vote  in  the  county  where  he 
actually  resides. 

MISSOURI. 

A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  one  year's  residence  in  the  State  next  pre 
ceding  the  election,  and  three  months  in  the  county. 

MICHIGAN. 

Twenty -one  years  of  age,  and  six  months'  residence  next  preceding  election. 

ARKANSAS. 

Same  as  Michigan. 

FLORIDA. 

Twenty-one  years  of  age,  two  years  in  the  State,  and  six  months  in  the  county. 
He  must  also  be  a  militia  soldier. 

TEXAS. 

Every  white  person  who  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  has  attained  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years,  and  resided  in  the  State  one  year,  is  a  qualified  voter. 

IOWA. 

Must  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  resided  in  the  State  six  months, 
and  in  the  county  where  he  votes,  sixty  days. 

WISCONSIN. 

White  men  and  certain  Indians,  who  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years, 
and  resided  in  the  State  one  year. 

CALIFORNIA. 

White  men  and  Mexicans,  who  are  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  have  resided 
in  the  State  six  months,  and  in  the  county  of  residence  thirty  days. 

MINNESOTA. 

Every  white  male  person,  and  certain  Indians  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years, 
who  have  been  in  the  United  States  one  year,  and  in  the  State  four  months. 

OREGON. 

A  native  or  naturalized  citizen,  who  has  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years, 
and  resided  six  months  in  the  State. 

KANSAS. 

Must  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  resided  in  the  State  six 
months  preceding  the  election. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

All  white  male  citizens,  with  the  usual  exceptions,  who  have  attained  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years,  and  have  lived  in  the  State  one  year,  and  thirty  days  in  the 
county  in  which  he  offers  his  vote. 


552  APPENDIX. 


QUALIFICATIONS  FOE  GOVERNORS,  SENATORS,  AND 
REPRESENTATIVES  IN  EACH  STATE. 


MAINE. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  five  years  a  citizen  of  the 
State,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  Five  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  one  year  of  the  State,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A 
citizen  of  the  United  States  five  years,  an  inhabitant  of  the  State  one  year,  and 
twenty-one  years  of  age. 

NEW  HAMPSHIKE. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  seven  years,  an  estate  of  £500  (one- 
half  a  freehold),  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  Residence  in  the  State  seven 
years,  a  freehold  estate  of  £200,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Representatives.  Two 
years  an  inhabitant  of  the  State,  and  an  estate  of  £100  (one-half  a  freehold). 

VERMONT. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  State  four  years. — Senators.  A  qualified  voter,  and 
thirty  years  of  age. — Representatives.  Persons  most  noted  for  wisdom  and  virtue, 
and  who  have  resided  in  the  State  two  years. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  State  seven  years,  an  estate  of  £1000,  and  of  the 
Christian  religion. — Senators.  Five  years  a  citizen  of  the  State,  a  freehold  of  £300, 
or  ratable  estate  of  £600. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  State  one  year,  and  a 
freehold  of  £100,  or  ratable  estate  of  £200. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen,  and  a  freeman. — Senators.  A  native  citizen,  resident 
of  the  district  where  he  is  chosen,  and  a  freeman. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Governor.  A  voter,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  qualified  voter. — Re 
presentatives.  A  qualified  voter. 

NEW  YORK. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  five  years  a  citizen  of  the  State, 
a  freeholder,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  qualified  voter,  and  a  free 
holder. — Representatives.  No  qualifications. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Governor.  A  resident  of  the  State.— No  Senate ;  the  duties  performed  by  the 
Legislative  Council. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  State  one  year,  and  real  or 
personal  estate  of  £500,  proclamation  money. 


APPENDIX.  553 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  State  seven  years,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators. 
A  citizen  of  the  State  four  years,  and  of  the  district  where  chosen  the  last  year, 
and  twenty-five  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  State  three  years, 
and  for  the  last  year  a  citizen  of  the  city  or  county  where  chosen. 

DELAWAEE. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  twelve  years,  of  the  State  the  last  six 
years,  and  thirty-six  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  State  three  years,  a 
freehold  of  two  hundred  acres,  or  £1000,  and  twenty-seven  years  of  age. — Repre 
sentatives.  A  citizen  of  the  State  three  years,  and  twenty -four  years  of  age. 

MAEYLAND. 

Governor.  A  resident  of  the  State  above  five  years,  and  twenty-five  years  of 
age. — Senators.  A  resident  of  the  State  three  years,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
— Representatives.  Kesident  in  the  county  where  chosen  one  year. 

VIKGINIA. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  citizen  of  the  State  five  years, 
and  thirty  years  of  age  ;  ineligible  for  three  years  after  the  first  term. — Senators. 
A  resident  and  freeholder  in  the  district  where  chosen,  and  thirty  years  of  age. 
— Representatives.  A  resident  and  freeholder  in  the  county  where  chosen,  and 
twenty-five  years  of  age. 

NOETH  CAEOLINA. 

Governor.  A  resident  in  the  State  five  years,  freehold  in  the  State  of  more  than 
£1000,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  county  where  chosen 
one  year,  and  three  hundred  acres  of  land. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the 
county  where  chosen  one  year,  one  hundred  acres  of  land  in  fee  or  for  the  term  of 
his  life. 

SOUTH  CAEOLINA. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  State  ten  years,  an  estate  of  £1500  sterling,  clear  of 
debt,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  State  five  years,  a  resi 
dent  of  the  district  where  chosen,  and  an  estate  of  £300  sterling;  or,  not  being  a 
resident,  an  estate  of  £1000,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen 
of  the  State  three  years,  a  resident,  and  an  estate  of  five  hundred  acres  of  land, 
ten  negroes,  or  £150  sterling  in  real  estate ;  or,  not  being  a  resident,  an  estate  of 
£500  sterling. 

GEOEGIA. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  twelve  years,  and  of  the  State  six 
years,  an  estate  of  five  hundred  acres  of  land,  and  other  property  amounting  to 
$4000  more  than  debts  due,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the 
United  States  nine  years,  and  of  the  State  three  years,  a  freehold  of  $500,  or  tax 
able  property  of  $1000  more  than  debts  due,  all  legal  taxes  paid,  and  twenty-five 
years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  seven  years,  and  of 
the  State  three  years,  a  freehold  of  $250,  or  taxable  property  of  $500  more  than 
debts  due,  and  all  legal  taxes  paid. 

ALABAMA. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  citizen  of  the  State  four 
years,  thirty  years  of  age,  and  ineligible  for  more  than  four  successive  years. — 
Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  State  two  years,  and  of  the  district 
where  chosen  one  year,  and  twenty -seven  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  of  the  State  two  years,  and  of  the  county  where  chosen  one 
year,  and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

36 


554  APPENDIX. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  twenty  years,  and  of  the  State  five 
years,  a  freehold  estate  of  $2000,  and  thirty  years  of  age ;  ineligible  for  more  than 
four  successive  years. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State 
four  years,  the  last  year  residing  in  the  district  where  chosen,  and  thirty  years  of 
age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  two  years, 
the  last  year  residing  in  the  county  where  chosen,  a  freehold  estate  of  $500,  and 
twenty-one  years  of  age. 

LOUISIANA. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  six  years,  an  estate  of 
$5000,  and  thirty-five  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of 
the  State  four  years,  and  in  the  district  were  chosen  one  year,  an  estate  of  $1000, 
and  twenty-seven  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
of  the  State  two  years,  and  of  the  county  where  chosen  one  year,  an  estate  in  1'and 
of  $500,  and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

TENNESSEE. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  seven  years,  and 
thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  three  years'  resi 
dence  in  the  State,  and  in  the  county  where  chosen  one  year,  and  thirty  years  of 
age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  three  years, 
residence  in  the  county  where  chosen  one  year,  and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

KENTUCKY. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  six  years,  thirty-five 
years  of  age,  and  ineligible  for  more  than  one  term  in  seven  years. — Senators.  A 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  State  six  years,  and  of  the  district  where 
chosen  the  last  year,  and  thirty-five  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  of  the  State  two  years,  and  of  the  county  where  chosen  the  last 
year,  and  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

OHIO. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  twelve  years,  an  inhabitant  of  the  State 
four  years,  and  thirty-five  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  the  district  where  chosen  two  years,  having  paid  a  State  and  county  tax, 
and  thirty  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  an  in 
habitant  of  the  State,  and  a  resident  in  the  county  where  chosen  one  year,  having 
paid  a  State  or  county  tax,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. 

INDIANA. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  ten  years, 'and  of  the  State  five  years, 
and  thirty  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  State 
two  years,  and  of  the  district  where  chosen  the  last  year,  having  paid  a  State  or 
county  tax,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  the  State  and  county  where  chosen  one  year,  having  paid  a  State  or 
county  tax,  and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

ILLINOIS. 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  thirty  years,  and  of  the  State  two 
years,  thirty  years  of  age,  and  ineligible  for  two  successive  terms. — Senators.  A 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  district  where  chosen  the  last  year,  having 
paid  a  State  or  county  tax,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  an  inhabitant  of  the  State  and  county  where 
chosen,  having  paid  a  State  or  county  tax,  and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 


APPENDIX.  555 


MISSOUKI. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  resident  of  the  State  four 
years,  and  thirty-five  years  of  age. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of 
the  State  four  years,  and  of  the  district  where  chosen  one  year,  having  paid  a  State 
or  county  tax,  and  thirty  years  of  age. — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  of  the  State  two  years,  and  of  the  county  where  chosen  one  year,  having 
paid  a  State  or  county  tax,  and  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

MICHIGAN, 

Governor.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States  five  years,  and  a  resident  of  the  State 
the  last  two  years. — Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  qualified  voter 
in  the  county  where  chosen. — Representatives.  Same  as  the  Senators. 

ARKANSAS. 

Governor.  A  native  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  a  resident  of  the  State  ten 
years  previous  to  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  and  four  years  preceding  the 
election. — Senators,  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  resident  of  the  State  one 
year,  and  thirty  years  of  age, — Representatives.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a 
resident  of  the  county  where  chosen,  and  twenty-five  years  of  age. 

FLORIDA. 

Governor.  Must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
for  ten  years,  or  an  inhabitant  of  Florida  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  Con 
stitution,  and  a  resident  of  the  State  five  years  preceding  the  day  of  election. — 
Senators.  A  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  resident  of  the  State  for  two  years,  one 
year  a  resident  of  the  district  in  which  he  resides,  and  must  be  twenty-five  years 
of  age. — Representatives.  Must  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  in 
other  particulars  qualified  as  are  the  Senators. 

TEXAS. 

Governor.  Must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  have 
been  a  resident  of  the  State  for  three  years  preceding  his  election. — Senators.  Must 
have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  resident 
in  the  State  for  three  years  preceding  his  election,  and  one  year  in  the  district 
where  he  resides. — Representatives.  Must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  have 
resided  in  the  State  two  years,  in  his  district  one  year,  and  have  attained  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years. 

IOWA. 

Governor.  Must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  re 
sident  of  the  State  for  two  years. — Senators.  Must  be  twenty-five  years  of  age,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  a  resident  of  the  State  for  one  year,  and  of  the  dis 
trict  where  he  resides  at  least  sixty  days. — Representatives.  Must  be  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  and  in  other  respects  possess  the  qualifications  of  Senators. 

WISCONSIN. 

Governor.  No  person  except  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  qualified  elec 
tor  of  the  State,  shall  be  eligible  to  this  office. — Senators  and  Representatives.  No 
person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  Legislature  who  shall  not  have  resided  in  the  State 
one  year,  and  be  a  qualified  elector  in  the  district  where  he  resides. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Governor.  Must  be  twenty-five  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
a  resident  of  the  State  for  two  years. — Senators  and  Representatives.  Must  be  quali 
fied  electors,  residents  of  the  State  one  year,  and  of  their  districts  six  months. 


556  APPENDIX. 


MINNESOTA. 

Governor.  Must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and 
a  resident  of  the  State  for  one  year. — Senators  and  Representatives.  Shall  be  quali 
fied  voters  of  the  State,  and  shall  have  resided  one  year  in  the  State,  and  six 
months  in  the  district  from  which  they  are  elected. 

OKEGON. 

Governor.  Must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  thirty  years  of  age,  and  three 
years  a  resident  of  the  State. — Senators  and  Representatives.  Must  be  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  residents  of  their  several  districts 
for  one  year  preceding  their  election. 

KANSAS. 

Governor.  Must  be  thirty  years  of  age,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  have 
resided  two  years  in  the  State. — Senators.  Must  be  twenty-five  years  of  age,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  the  State  for  one  year. — Represen 
tatives.  Must  be  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  possess  the  other  qualifications  of 
Senators. 

WEST  VIKGINIA. 

Governor.  His  qualifications  are  not  specified  in  the  Constitution  of  the  State. — 
Senators  and  Representatives.  Must  have  been  residents  of  the  district  or  county 
where  chosen  for  one  year  next  preceding  the  election. 


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